1077:, had kept their positions. He also noted that Kim Jong Un's cabinet continued to emphasize economic incentive systems, innovation, and economic cooperation with China. Moon said that "He could, therefore, have been purged and executed because of his obsession with material and organizational interests that challenged Kim Jong Un's reform initiative to streamline the country's economic management. If this turns out to be true, then Kim Jong Un should be seen as a reformer, whilst Jang was a reactionary." In another analysis he stressed that Jang's removal had not weakened the government, which was actually more stable than before: "The politics of extensive surveillance, control, fear and intimidation are still alive and well. The party, the state, the military and security apparatus remain committed, effective and unified in purpose. The dramatic episode of Jang's downfall has created a formidable deterrent to any potential or actual opposing groups."
1372:, formerly the South Korean foreign minister, stated on 16 December that he found reports of the execution to be "very dramatic and surprising" and appealed for calm, stating: "At this time, I would appeal to all the parties concerned, surrounding the Korean Peninsula, while they must be vigilantly and carefully watching the development of situation, not to take any premature actions. I do not hope that because of that there will be some increase of tensions on the Korean Peninsula." Ban stated: "The period ahead should be used to build confidence in the international community and to improve living conditions for the country's long-suffering people. I stand ready to offer my good offices." Ban reiterated the United Nations' longstanding stance against capital punishment "under any circumstances" and urged North Korea to comply with
1007:, linked Jang to this crime. The statement accused Jang of seeking to enlarge his own power, "stretching his tentacles to all ministries and national institutions" and turning the Korean Workers' Party Central Committee Administration Department, which Jang led, into a "little kingdom which no one dares touch"; Kim Jong Un disbanded the Administrative Department after Jang's fall. The statement also said that Jang had "systematically denied the party line and policies, its organizational will" as if he were "a special being who could overrule either issues decided by the party or its line" and that Jang had been "disobeying the order of the Supreme Commander of the KPA" (i.e. undermining Kim's rule). He was also accused of undermining the Kim
1284:, said: "We are deeply concerned to learn of the execution. This is another example of the brutality of the North Korean government, and we have consistently raised concerns about severe and systematic human rights abuses. The UN is currently running a commission of inquiry and it is quite right that we do everything we can to investigate North Korea's appalling human rights record. More broadly, we remain deeply concerned about the impact of this unpredictable regime on stability in the region. Our embassy in Pyongyang is monitoring the situation closely and we will continue to maintain close contact with our allies on this."
1209:
761:. A Seoul official familiar with North Korea affairs said it was the first time Jang had been shown on state television in a military uniform. His appearance suggested that Jang had secured a key role in the North's military, which had pledged its allegiance to Kim Jong Un. Jang's importance continued to be demonstrated during his 2012 visit to China: various aspects of the visit echoed protocol which had previously been followed only for Kim Jong Il, including half of his entourage arriving ahead of time as an advance party, with the
987:
Jang, stating that he "had desperately worked for years to destabilize and bring down the DPRK and grab the supreme power of the party and state by employing all the most cunning and sinister means and methods". The statement accused Jang of freeing "the undesirable and alien elements, including those who had been dismissed and relieved of their posts after being severely punished for disobeying the instructions of Kim Jong Il and 'let them work in the WPK CC Administrative
Department and organs under it in a crafty manner
1360:
1263:
940:, the final straw came from a dispute over control of North Korea's west coast fisheries. These had been partly taken from the military by Jang Song-thaek in 2011, but later this decision was reversed and the fisheries were ordered returned to the military. Forces loyal to Jang defied the transfer, leading to a confrontation in late 2013, in which several North Korean soldiers loyal to Kim Jong Un were killed. Subsequent reinforcements sent by Kim Jong Un seized control of the fisheries.
1302:
718:
of the Party
Central Committee. It is said that he was reinstated as the first deputy director of the Capital Construction Department. In 2005 and in September 2006, Jang was involved in auto accidents, the first leaving him hospitalized for five months. In one of the collisions his car was hit by a military truck, and there were rumors of an assassination plot. Jang re-emerged in March 2006, accompanying Kim Jong Il on an official visit to China. In October 2007, the
4232:
4256:
1173:
1248:
1229:
855:
patriotic fever, and help burn the energies of the youth and distract the masses from their daily hardships, it can never beat national security and socio-economic development in terms of its political significance. By asking Jang to chair the
National Sports Commission, the young North Korean leader, less than a year into power, might have begun to nudge his uncle out of important policy deliberations."
1011:, which included placing a granite monument carved with the supreme leader's words "in a shaded corner"; letting "the decadent capitalist lifestyle find its way to our society by distributing all sorts of pornographic pictures among his confidants"; and "half-heartedly clapping, touching off towering resentment of our service personnel and people" when one of Kim Jong Un's promotions was announced.
890:, and new international sanctions in response. Following Jang's fall from power, an analyst noted that Jang's "glaring absence" at the January 2013 meeting "signaled the emergence of a possible crack in the senior leadership, especially in the relationship between Kim and his all-powerful uncle, raising the possibility of divergent approaches between Kim and Jang" on
4244:
1053:, stated that "although high-ranking leaders, including members of the Kim family, have been deposed before, we haven't seen anything this public or dramatic since Kim Jong-un's grandfather Kim Il-sung purged his last major rivals in the late 1950s. This seems to indicate the divisions within the Kim regime were more serious than previously thought." Former
968:. Jang was accused of having committed "anti-party, counter-revolutionary factional acts" that included illicit affairs with women; harboring "politically-motivated ambition"; weakening "the party's guidance over judicial, prosecution and people's security bodies" and obstructing "the nation's economic affairs".
1315:
told the media on 12 December 2013: "While we cannot independently verify this development, we have no reason to doubt the official KCNA report that Jang Song Thaek has been executed. If confirmed, this is another example of the extreme brutality of the North Korean regime." The following day, at the
846:
believed that bilateral relations with China are important and that the "profound friendship will be passed on from generation to generation" between China and North Korea. At the meeting with Wen, Jang said: "The DPRK is willing to closely cooperate with China to accelerate relevant efforts and push
1085:
After Jang's fall, experts speculated that purges of other top figures might follow. An anonymous source said Ji Jae-ryong, North Korean ambassador to China and a close associate of Jang, "will eventually be dealt with"; however South Korean diplomatic sources said it was "business as usual" at that
995:
and the release of prisoners. An analyst suggested that "since most of the political prisoners freed at that time are now deemed as Jang's factionists, most of them are likely to be returned to jail again". The statement accused Jang of bringing "serious harm to the youth movement in the DPRK, being
986:
A 2,700-word statement was released stating that the "despicable human scum Jang, who was worse than a dog, perpetrated thrice-cursed acts of treachery in betrayal of such profound trust and warmest paternal love shown by the party and the leader for him". The statement detailed many charges against
717:
Korean
Central News Agency on 29 January 2006 found that Jang had been reinstated in December 2005. At the time of the restoration, North Korean media reported that he was not the first deputy director of the organizing leadership of the Party Central Committee, but merely the first deputy director
1395:
that during his visit to North Korea in
January 2014, Jang Song-thaek was not actually executed, contrary to the claims of the North Korean government, and Jang stood behind him in a photo shoot. He reaffirmed his assertion after the magazine asked him to clarify. Rodman also denied reports of the
1400:
and claimed she was also at the photo shoot; she was later confirmed to still be alive after she appeared on North Korean television. Jeong Chang-chang, director of the
Unified Strategy Research Office of the Sejong Institute, made another claim about Jang Song-thaek's continued survival, arguing
854:
established a new State
Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission, appointing Jang as its first chairman. An analyst suggested that this quiet promotion may have signaled a decline in Jang's status: in North Korea, "although sports can bring quick popularity, earn foreign exchange, raise
1331:
on 15 December that Jang's fate "tells us a lot about … how ruthless and reckless" and "insecure" Kim Jong Un is, and described Kim as "spontaneous, erratic, still worried about his place in the power structure and maneuvering to eliminate" potential competitors. Kerry stated that Kim leads a
1316:
State
Department's press briefing, Harf stated that "we would urge the North Koreans not to take provocative acts, not to do so going forward, because it's not in the interest of regional stability". Patrick Ventrell, deputy spokesman for the White House National Security Council, told the
730:'s luncheon during the latter's visit to the North. It was later revealed that Jang had been actually appointed director of the Administration Department, an old agency of the Workers' Party abolished in 1990 and re-created by splitting the Organization Department. He was elected to the
64:
1354:: "I think it's very obvious this young man is capable of some very aberrational behavior, and given the toys that he has, I think it's very dangerous. You would think that the Chinese would understand that, as well. They've got to rein this young man in—and they can."
1202:
defense meeting on 13 December: "We will heighten readiness against North Korea as (Jang's execution) can lead to provocations against the South. This case can be seen as part of the reign of terror by Kim Jong-Un as he is seeking to consolidate his power with an iron
983:(Kim Jong Un's elder brother) had personally led his guards to arrest Jang. Lee said that "even Vice Marshal Choe Ryong-hae would not dare to carry out the arrest" himself (some analysts believe this may signal an expanded role for Kim Jong-chul in the regime).
1061:
said that the purge and execution of Jang "tells you that everything's not normal ... When you take out Jang, you're not taking out just one person – you're taking out scores if not hundreds of other people in the system. It's got to have some ripple effect."
1574:, WPK Elected to Fill Vacancies, Korean Central News Agency, 11 April 2012. However "until KCNA published an official biography upon his election to NDC Vice Chairman in June 2010, Chang's birthday has been reported as 2 February 1946 and 6 February 1946".
1292:, said Jang "represented for many the real hope for reform in North Korea" and stated that Jang's execution was a "bloody and vivid and brutal reminder of the inherent and cruel nature of a regime that has always modelled itself on Stalin's USSR" and its
948:
Soon after, in
November 2013, Jang's senior aides Ri Ryong-ha and Jang Su-gil were executed. Ri was reportedly accused of abusing his authority, while Jang Su-gil was found guilty of trying to organize a new faction and rejecting the system.
1156:
reported that the purge had extended to Jang's family, with all his relatives, including children, being rounded up and executed. According to a South Korean newspaper, Jang's nephew, O Sang-hon, was executed by being burnt alive with a
1038:, said Jang was "the only one in the North who could talk about economic change. So, when I heard of Mr. Jang's execution, my first thought was that it was a death notice for those of us who have hoped for economic reform in the North."
1320:
that, "if confirmed, this is another example of the extreme brutality of the North Korean regime... We are following developments in North Korea closely and consulting with our allies and partners in the region." Secretary of State
4356:
722:
confirmed that Jang had been promoted to the newly recreated post of first vice-director of the
Workers' Party of Korea, with oversight responsibility for the police, judiciary, and other areas of internal security; Jang attended
1218:
stated only that the fall of Jang was a "domestic issue", but reports indicated that "China's North Korea experts have been working furiously to come up with consensus" about the resulting implications. Chinese foreign minister
689:. Later that year he was promoted to full member of the 6th Central Committee. He was a member of the funeral committee for Kim Il Sung in 1994. Jang was appointed to be the first deputy director (or vice director) of the WPK's
3501:
952:
Jang was not seen in public after this time. On 3 December, he was dismissed from his post. On 7 December, his appearances were obscured or edited out from a news report (originally aired in October) that re-aired on
1148:
may now be the "number 2-man" in North Korea. The South Korean newspaper reported claims that Kim Jong Il "asked Choe on his deathbed to help his son Jong-un" but that the North Korean military disapproves of Choe.
1045:, Kim Jong Un's grandfather and North Korea's founder; since 1960, purged top officials have not usually been killed, and the denunciations of purged figures have not typically been so extreme and public. Professor
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4361:
832:
1743:
1499:
975:, in "the most public dismissal... in history" of a prominent North Korean official, and the first time since the 1970s that the arrest of a senior politician at a party meeting was shown on television.
3304:
886:. As of December 2013, the bridge was nearly completed. That same month, Jang was not invited to the meeting of top North Korean officials handling national security and foreign affairs, following a
3414:
2217:
654:, an apparent demotion. Reports said that he was becoming too powerful or, according to other accounts, he had an over-ostentatious lifestyle. It was reported that Jang suffered severe burns in an
3577:
1242:
agency that the Japanese government was "closely watching the situation" and that "We will calmly monitor the situation while communicating with other countries and collect relevant information."
1194:
issued a statement saying that: "The government has deep concerns about a recent series of developments in North Korea and is watching the situation closely." South Korean defense chief minister
1030:
Chinese media and North Korea experts suggested that Jang Song-thaek's fall reflected a rejection of his efforts to prioritize economic development, and a victory for North Korean advocates of a
4351:
1401:
that no senior officials were present at the time of the purported execution and that Jang Song-thaek was actually placed under house arrest and enjoying the same living conditions as before.
3129:
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741:
supreme decision-making body; Jang's promotion made him a key executive deputy, second only to Kim Jong Il. It is speculated that the move was part of posturing to make Kim Jong Il's son
1805:
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3149:
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3683:
902:
678:
3223:
1130:
The status of Kim Kyong-hui's relationship with Jang had been a subject of frequent speculation. Analysts believe that Jang and Kim Kyong-hui had been estranged. Yoon Sang-hyun, a
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1215:
2710:
797:
867:
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City Committee of the Workers' Party. In the late 1970s, however Jang's career stalled when he was sent away from the central party to be manager of a steel and ironworks in
2013:
3704:
2764:
1843:
1645:
859:
3383:
2917:
2650:
3247:
2871:
3023:
1735:
4316:
3644:
3528:
3050:
2845:
2308:
1496:
1272:'s official spokesman told reporters at a daily press briefing: "If this is confirmed, it is another example of the extreme brutality of the North Korean regime."
4366:
2044:
906:
2588:
3273:
3173:
4311:
3620:
3296:
2672:
1090:, from Cuba Jang's brother-in-law Jon Yong-jin. Deputy tourism minister Jo Sung-goyu, another Jang relative, canceled a planned trip to a tourism summit in
1065:
On the other hand, some analysts suggested that Jang's influence and role had been exaggerated. The South Korean ambassador and political science professor
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1600:
1539:
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2214:
1341:
682:
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2101:
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2821:
1908:
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3949:
1952:
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913:
to China, passing over Jang. An analyst viewed this as a "striking" choice, and noted that "it appears that as the perceived 'China man in Pyongyang
3917:
3902:
789:
3192:
2546:
2405:
4331:
4044:
4038:
4020:
2988:
2730:
2610:
2372:
851:
3146:
1712:
917:", Jang's "perceived close ties with China may have done a disservice to his standing in the eyes of Kim, exposed him to criticism of being too
3470:
2247:
1797:
1567:
1178:
South Korea – The Yonhap News Agency reported that South Korea held a security ministers' meeting to discuss the North Korean situation.
4073:
3973:
3961:
3923:
2454:
1127:
began erasing references to Jang "as completely as possible", deleting some 100,000 and 20,000 news items from their websites, respectively.
762:
737:
During this period he was a close ally of Kim Jong Il. Jang was still in the post four years later, in April 2013. The NDC was North Korea's
2950:
4296:
3955:
3908:
3593:
1552:
991:", which some analysts claim indicates that Jang had instigated a nationwide amnesty in January 2012 which included the closure of several
773:
1517:
1190:
meeting that "North Korea is now engaged in a reign of terror while carrying out a massive purge" to consolidate Kim Jong Un's power. The
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3734:
3680:
3220:
2229:
1984:
1333:
965:
817:
3545:
2707:
1373:
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and then reportedly committed suicide in September 2006, due to Jang and his wife's opposition to her relationship with her boyfriend.
1515:
Jang's exact birthdate is unclear. The North Korea Strategic Information Service Center reports his birthdate as 22 January 1946 (see
1257:
condemned the execution as "Stalinist" and stated: "I think that what we see now publicly is only the surface of an empire of horror."
1041:
Analysts of North Korean politics agreed that Jang's execution was the most significant since purges carried out in the late 1950s by
553:
leadership over North Korea while Kim Jong Il's health was declining and when Kim subsequently died. Jang was a vice-chairman of the
1765:
1020:
135:
4341:
3700:
3353:
2752:
2005:
1427:
1366:
2067:
1861:
1840:
1635:
1069:
noted that there had been no policy shifts in the North Korean government and that some of Jang's closest associates, including
705:
heard testimony that he had been purged from his position. Some South Korean intelligence reports indicated that Jang was under
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3375:
2427:
562:
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2927:
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2640:
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on 12 December and were called to meetings to denounce Jang and pledge loyalty to Kim. Two days later, on 14 December, the
690:
3013:
2800:
2341:
2283:
1930:
1115:(a former Workers' Party official who recently died). The roster included the names of Jang's widow (Kim Jong Un's aunt),
979:
reported that Lee Yun-keol (the chairman for the Seoul-based North Korea Strategy Information Service Center) stated that
758:
3040:
2842:
4306:
3618:"North Korea Says Uncle of Kim Jong Un Executed: Jang Song Thaek Was Until Recently the Country's De Facto No. 2 Ruler"
3525:
1004:
931:—Kim Jong Un's half-brother and Kim Jong Il's eldest son—who was living in exile under Chinese protection at the time.
608:
of Northern Korea. He graduated from the Kim Il Sung Senior High School before leaving for Moscow, where he studied at
3641:
2580:
2300:
921:
to China, and made him vulnerable to any anti-China backlash in Pyongyang". Thought by analyst Alexandre Mansourov of
4301:
3830:
3080:
2036:
1606:
1308:
1138:, had said previously that Kim had been "separated" from Jang and did not oppose his purge. Following the execution,
745:
the next leader of North Korea. Jang's position in North Korean politics was also ostensibly boosted by the death of
589:
874:, replacing officeholders who were in their 80s. Jang Song-thaek promoted the construction of a new bridge over the
3617:
3265:
3170:
1131:
891:
2156:"President Hu Jintao Meets with DPRK Delegation of the Joint Steering Committee for Developing Two Economic Zones"
2682:
1410:
1281:
702:
1610:
1223:
stated that China is observing the situation, but that it does not expect major shifts in North Korean policies.
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1054:
535:
474:
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3436:
3325:
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2817:
2486:
2192:
2159:
2123:
2093:
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927:
to have been particularly unacceptable to Kim Jong Un were Jang's "continued expression of sympathy towards"
828:
264:
207:
94:
2893:
588:
from photos with other North Korean leaders. On 13 December, North Korean state media announced he had been
1905:
1575:
887:
671:
557:, a position considered second only to that of the Supreme Leader. He is believed to have been promoted to
1960:
1107:(KCNA) released a roster of six top officials appointed to a national committee in charge of organizing a
2189:"Wen Jiabao Meets with DPRK Delegation of the Joint Steering Committee for Developing Two Economic Zones"
1668:
1120:
1003:, "the party-appointed shepherd of the North Korean youth for over a decade" through his position in the
731:
605:
554:
330:
75:
545:
The extent of Jang Song-thaek's power and position has not been confirmed in the West. However, in 2008
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3189:
2614:
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2395:
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836:
719:
643:
577:
365:
245:
2618:
1702:
1676:
3297:"Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) Deletes Online Archive Of News After Execution Of Jang Song Thaek"
3018:
2727:
2364:
1327:
1199:
1035:
1024:
954:
667:
546:
3467:
3853:
3663:
2431:
2255:
2071:
1564:
1432:
416:
1893:
827:. He was the head of a delegation of the joint steering committee for developing and managing the
749:, a senior leader who was tipped by Kim Jong Il as a crucial overseer of the succession campaign.
1544:, North Korea Strategic Information Service Center, 12 December 2013.) Cheong Seong Chang of the
1285:
801:
609:
585:
298:
1981:
996:
part of the group of renegades and traitors in the field of youth work, bribed by the enemies".
862:
member, as his official hierarchy position was elevated, displacing then-Chief of General Staff
1565:
Brief History of Member of Presidium, Members and Alternate Members of Political Bureau of C.C.
1465:
1187:
992:
871:
724:
178:
3726:
858:
In January 2013, speculation arose that Jang had been quietly promoted to top decision-making
839:, a member of the WPK political bureau, and vice-chairman of the National Defense Commission.
835:. In the announcement, he was listed as chief of the central administrative department of the
1031:
694:
627:
573:
488:
25:
1086:
embassy. In early December, Pyongyang recalled two ambassadors: from Malaysia Jang's nephew
4281:
4276:
1220:
1191:
1046:
1034:. Chang Yong-seok, senior researcher at the Institute for Peace and Unification Studies at
813:
686:
2215:
Show Me the Money: Evaluating Jang Song-thaek’s Search for Economic Cooperation in Beijing
8:
1050:
666:. His career recovered and he became deputy director of the Youth Work Department of the
655:
38:
4236:
3379:
3073:"Shocking, But Not a Game Changer: Unraveling Regime Dynamics in Post-Jang North Korea"
2955:
2922:
2894:"Revealed: Kim Jong Un's top 6 execution methods and his bizarre reasoning behind them"
2854:
2400:
1770:
1707:
1640:
1317:
1153:
3349:
3041:"Is Kim Jong Un The Reformer, And The Executed Uncle Jang Seong-Taek The Reactionary?"
3765:
1871:
1533:
1416:
1277:
972:
971:
Jang's arrest at a politburo meeting was broadcast on Korean Central Television, the
581:
2188:
2155:
757:
On 25 December 2011, North Korean television Sunday showed Jang in the uniform of a
701:
as a possible successor to Kim Jong Il; however, on 25 November 2004, South Korea's
4248:
2760:
1545:
1008:
4260:
3687:
3667:
3648:
3624:
3600:
3581:
3532:
3505:
3474:
3441:
3332:
3251:
3227:
3196:
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3153:
3133:
3108:
2875:
2849:
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2734:
2714:
2516:
2287:
2233:
2221:
2128:
1988:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1847:
1582:
1571:
1556:
1503:
1460:
1391:
1123:, Ro Du-chol, indicating both survived the purge and remained in favor. KCNA and
1019:
On 12 December 2013, Jang was tried by a special secret military tribunal of the
734:(NDC) in April 2009. He was made vice-chairman of the commission in summer 2010.
709:
in Pyongyang, while others suggested he might have been sent for "reeducation".
4126:
4026:
3899:
Kim-Kim (North Korea) (Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great-Great-Great Grandfather)
2331:
1862:"파리의 김정일 조카 장금송 비운의 러브스토리 (Unlucky love story of Kim Jong-il's niece in Paris)"
1235:
1145:
1087:
1000:
936:
898:
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and his own wife Kim Kyong-hui. An analyst argued that Jang might be appointed
863:
698:
659:
566:
237:
128:
2797:
2365:"Blind Legacy: Jang Song-taek and North Korea's Invisible Cross-Border Bridge"
2280:
4357:
Alternate members of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
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4002:
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1866:
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1322:
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1135:
1116:
1108:
1099:
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980:
910:
613:
519:
402:
379:
116:
3822:
2611:"Report on Enlarged Meeting of Political Bureau of Central Committee of WPK"
565:
in December 2011, as his first appearance in uniform was while visiting Kim
4179:
4173:
4138:
4102:
4096:
4061:
4008:
3762:
Inside North Korea's Theocracy: The Rise and Sudden Fall of Jang Song-thaek
3245:"Kim Jong-un's aunt retains position of influence after husband's downfall"
2898:
1195:
1179:
928:
824:
820:
727:
706:
663:
527:
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800:
and minister in charge of the national development and reform commission,
4208:
4161:
4132:
4079:
4067:
3996:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3785:
3498:'Empire of horror' North Korea faces worldwide condemnation for execution
3113:
2455:"Jang Song-thaek's Aides Executed With Antiaircraft Machine Guns: Report"
2248:"Report on Enlarged Meeting of Political Bureau of WPK Central Committee"
1636:"North Korean media confirms promotion of Jang Song-thaek to senior post"
1369:
1337:
1140:
1112:
1074:
1070:
1042:
843:
809:
793:
781:
766:
742:
617:
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531:
523:
515:
422:
274:
270:
213:
199:
170:
158:
104:
100:
20:
4255:
3764:. Translated by Jinna Park. Albany: State University of New York Press.
693:
in November 1995. He had been identified by outside analysts as well as
4108:
2581:"Family affair: Kim Jong Un wipes his uncle from North Korea's history"
1312:
1273:
1254:
1239:
1058:
875:
777:
746:
479:
4347:
Alternate members of the 6th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
4202:
4185:
3929:
1182:
chaired the meeting. Earlier in the week, the South Korean president
1091:
960:
On 8 December, Jang Song-thaek was publicly expelled from the ruling
918:
805:
785:
647:
631:
346:
4362:
Members of the 6th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
3546:"China watching North Korea for impact of execution of Kim's uncle"
3076:
3045:
2993:
2989:"Execution of Kim Jong Un's uncle recalls grandfather's lethal era"
2677:
2520:
2459:
2428:"North Korean leader's uncle likely removed from power: spy agency"
2336:
1559:, DailyNK, 7 February 2013. An April 2013 report from the official
1437:
923:
601:
326:
3701:"Kim Jong-un did not execute his uncle or ex-lover: Dennis Rodman"
2068:"N. Korean leader shows up at parliament, shakes up posts: report"
2645:
1841:
Jang Seong-taek, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
883:
879:
558:
549:
officials and academic North Korea experts suggested that he had
63:
1518:"Volume 2: Jang Song Thaek's background and his estimated power"
769:, returning to China beforehand to greet Jang upon his arrival.
4144:
3127:"'Business as usual' for N. Korean ambassador to China: source"
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
1497:"N. Korean media confirm leader's uncle Jang Song Thaek ousted"
642:
Beginning in the 1970s, Jang held a series of positions in the
442:
2641:"Jang Song Thaek purge confirmed amid rumors of his execution"
2547:"North Korean leader's powerful uncle dismissed – Seoul media"
681:; in June 1989, he was elected an alternate member of the 6th
3661:"U.N. chief cautions against 'premature actions' on N. Korea"
1953:"Kim Jong-il purges relative from power, paving way for sons"
1293:
651:
569:. Jang was considered a "key policy adviser" to Kim Jong Un.
458:
3681:"Ban Ki Moon says N Korea execution was a dramatic surprise"
2708:"Kim Jong-un's brother led arrest of Jang Sung-taek: source"
2174:
2094:"North Korean power-behind-throne emerges as neighbors meet"
1736:"Kim Jong-il funeral: Kim Jong-un steps up as nation mourns"
1669:"North Korea 'is being run by Kim Jong Il's brother-in-law'"
1609:, Ministry of Unification, Republic of Korea. Archived from
4352:
Members of the 6th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea
3350:"All relatives of Kim Jong-un's uncle executed too: report"
2517:"N Korea film 'edits out dismissed uncle Chang Song-thaek'"
1766:"North Korea May Take Action to Jolt Economy, Analysts Say"
868:
president of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly
3468:"North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un's Uncle Executed: Report"
670:
in 1982 and director in 1985. He was first elected to the
534:. He was therefore the uncle (by marriage) of the current
3914:
Sal Sol-jan (Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great Grandmother)
3526:
US warns N. Korea against provocation following execution
2798:"North Korea: What Jang's Execution Means for the Future"
2124:"China Rolls Out Red Carpet for N.Korea's Jang Song-taek"
1345:
964:, with state media attributing this to a decision of the
493:
3935:
Lady Lee (North Korea) (Kim Il Sung's Great Grandmother)
3147:"North Korean ouster could bring more political turmoil"
1733:
1214:
China – Following the reports of Jang's death, the
612:
between 1968 and 1972. Following his return, he married
576:
and was stripped of all his posts and expelled from the
3221:"Kim Jong-un's Aunt Appears to Survive Husband's Purge"
1506:, upi.com, 8 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
572:
In December 2013, Jang was abruptly accused of being a
2918:"N. Korea executes leader's uncle for 'treason': KCNA"
870:(making him the nominal head of state of the DPRK) or
4220:
3266:"On Reading North Korean Media: The Curse of the Web"
3171:
N. Korean tourism official cancels Taiwan visit plans
2753:"Full text of KCNA announcement on execution of Jang"
2226:
179:
State Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission
3326:"Is Choe Ryong-hae Now N.Korea's Most Powerful Man?"
2574:
2572:
1703:"N. Korea Reshuffle Seen as Part of Succession Plan"
1097:
The public received word of Jang's dismissal in the
907:
General Political Bureau of the Korean People's Army
530:, and only sister of North Korean general secretary
514:(January or February 1946 – 12 December 2013) was a
3905:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great-Great Grandfather)
3407:"North Korean official 'executed by flame-thrower'"
2394:Choe Sang-Hun, David E. Sanger (23 December 2013).
2329:
2281:"North Korea: The Dramatic Fall of Jang Song Thaek"
847:forward cooperation in developing economic zones."
646:(WPK). His first post was as an instructor for the
2396:"Korea Execution Is Tied to Clash Over Businesses"
1332:"ruthless, horrendous dictatorship" and urged the
674:(SPA), North Korea's nominal parliament, in 1986.
244:Chief of the Central Administrative Department of
4135:(Kim Jong Il's second mistress, Jong Un's mother)
2569:
4268:
3642:"North Korea executes ‘traitor’ Jang Song Thaek"
3437:"N.Korea Shuts Down Jang Song-taek's Department"
3102:N.Korean Ambassador to China Likely for the Chop
2290:, U.S.-Korea Institute at SAIS, 9 December 2013.
2006:"Kim's heir apparent set for debut in Pyongyang"
2003:
1538:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1520:. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013
812:, Liaoning provincial Party Committee Secretary
790:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
683:Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
76:Vice Chairman of the National Defence Commission
4317:People executed for treason against North Korea
2158:. Embassy of China in the USA. 17 August 2012.
1734:Andrew Salmon; David Blair (28 December 2011).
4367:People executed by North Korea by firing squad
2951:"Grasping for Clues in North Korean Execution"
2681:. South Korea. 9 December 2013. Archived from
2191:. Chinese embassy in the USA. 17 August 2012.
2034:
1923:
1921:
1548:also cites the same date. Cheong Seong Chang,
685:. In April 1992, he was named a member of the
3911:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great Grandfather)
3852:
3838:
3607:, 13 December 2013. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
3376:"All relatives of Jang executed too: sources"
2869:"What North Korea Said About Jang Song Thaek"
2578:
2393:
1894:"Leader's Uncle Rose To No. 2 In North Korea"
833:Hwanggumpyong and Wihwa Islands Economic Zone
4312:North Korean expatriates in the Soviet Union
4064:(Kim Il Sung's first wife, Jong Il's mother)
3979:In-sok Kim (Kim Il Sung's Great-Great Uncle)
3575:International concern over N Korea execution
3404:
522:, the only daughter of North Korean premier
464:
448:
51:
16:North Korean government official (1946–2013)
3759:
3035:
3033:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
1918:
1666:
1376:, which North Korea has frequently flouted.
798:International Liaison Department of the CCP
4292:People from Kangwon Province (North Korea)
3845:
3831:
3491:
3489:
3487:
2818:"North Korea executes Kim Jong Un's uncle"
1595:
1593:
1591:
1325:stated in an interview broadcast on ABC's
258:11 October 2007 – 8 December 2013
191:4 November 2012 – 8 December 2013
148:4 November 1999 – 8 December 2005
62:
1999:
1997:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1380:
3970:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great Nephew)
3964:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great Cousin)
3520:
3518:
3294:
3030:
3014:"Execution sign of a regime on the edge"
2986:
2975:
2934:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2750:
2579:Foster-Carter, Aidan (9 December 2013).
2452:
2430:. South Korea. Yonhap. 3 December 2013.
2362:
2330:Alexandre Mansourov (17 December 2012).
2262:
1630:
1628:
595:
3952:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great Uncle)
3926:(Kim Il Sung's Great Great Grandmother)
3920:(Kim Il Sung's Great Great Grandfather)
3670:, Yonhap News Agency, 17 December 2013.
3484:
3295:Florcruz, Michelle (16 December 2013).
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
2843:"North Korea Says Kim's Uncle Executed"
1588:
1367:Secretary-General of the United Nations
1253:Sweden – Swedish foreign minister
909:(KPA), was sent as Kim Jong Un's first
4332:21st-century executions by North Korea
4269:
3958:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great-Great-Aunt)
3727:"韩专家：张成泽仍然活着 被金正恩软禁在家，并享受着与之前相同的生活待遇。"
3263:
3136:, Yonhap News Agency, 9 December 2013.
2891:
2820:. Associated Press. 12 December 2013.
2702:
2700:
2004:Ashish Kumar Sen (26 September 2010).
1994:
1950:
1820:
626:(1977–2006), who lived in Paris as an
88:7 June 2010 – 8 December 2013
3993:Lee Bo-ik (Kim Il Sung's grandmother)
3826:
3556:from the original on 24 December 2013
3515:
3307:from the original on 7 September 2017
3276:from the original on 7 September 2017
3001:from the original on 12 January 2021.
2963:from the original on 21 November 2020
2906:from the original on 9 November 2020.
2779:
2767:from the original on 18 February 2023
2751:Williams, Martyn (13 December 2013).
2728:"North Korea Executes Leader's Uncle"
2653:from the original on 11 December 2013
2591:from the original on 10 December 2013
2527:from the original on 14 December 2013
2497:from the original on 10 December 2013
2467:from the original on 26 December 2013
1696:
1694:
1625:
1459:
1268:United Kingdom – Prime minister
1234:Japan – Chief cabinet secretary
1134:deputy floor leader of the governing
4099:(Kim Jong Il's first wife, divorced)
3737:from the original on 25 October 2019
3707:from the original on 13 January 2023
3651:, NK News. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
3417:from the original on 12 January 2022
3386:from the original on 28 January 2014
3356:from the original on 28 January 2014
3202:
2945:
2453:Horowitz, Alana (24 December 2013).
2375:from the original on 12 January 2014
2344:from the original on 17 January 2013
2301:"JST on Political Bureau Presidium?"
2016:from the original on 24 October 2021
1860:Yi, Yeong-jong (18 September 2006).
1700:
752:
691:Organization and Guidance Department
630:; she refused an order to return to
4297:People from North Hamgyong Province
3594:Execution 'shows extreme brutality'
3145:Barbara Demick and Jung-Yoon Choi,
3026:from the original on 9 August 2020.
3011:
2697:
2673:"Jang Arrested on State Television"
2434:from the original on 30 August 2023
2408:from the original on 30 August 2023
2311:from the original on 30 August 2023
2195:from the original on 30 August 2023
2162:from the original on 30 August 2023
2136:from the original on 30 August 2023
2104:from the original on 7 January 2016
2074:from the original on 30 August 2023
2065:
2047:from the original on 30 August 2023
2037:"The right response to North Korea"
1951:Demick, Barbara (4 December 2004).
1808:from the original on 30 August 2023
1778:from the original on 30 August 2023
1746:from the original on 30 August 2023
1428:North Korea–United States relations
616:, the younger (and only) sister of
13:
3809:Central Administration Department
3753:
3264:Weiser, Martin (31 October 2016).
3190:"Workers in Public Loyalty Pledge"
3083:from the original on 10 April 2014
2926:. 13 December 2013. Archived from
2363:Cathcart, Adam (9 December 2013).
1859:
1691:
1342:Senate Foreign Relations Committee
1152:In January 2014, the South Korean
1005:Kim Il-sung Socialist Youth League
14:
4378:
3976:(Kim Il Sung's Great-Great Uncle)
3932:(Kim Il Sung's Great grandfather)
3779:
2987:Flanagan, Ed (13 December 2013).
2824:from the original on 13 July 2015
2617:. 8 December 2013. Archived from
2553:. 3 December 2013. Archived from
2254:. 4 November 2012. Archived from
1715:from the original on 30 June 2017
1648:from the original on 3 March 2016
1607:Information Center on North Korea
1563:also cites 22 January 1946 date.
888:rocket launch on 12 December 2012
772:On 17 August 2012, Jang met with
763:Chinese ambassador to North Korea
712:
4254:
4242:
4230:
2807:, 38north.org; 13 December 2013.
2035:James A. Lyons (22 April 2013).
1585:, North Korean Leadership Watch.
1358:
1300:
1261:
1246:
1227:
1207:
1171:
1132:National Assembly of South Korea
3719:
3693:
3673:
3654:
3634:
3610:
3587:
3584:, Al Jazeera, 13 December 2013.
3568:
3538:
3461:
3449:from the original on 7 May 2015
3429:
3398:
3368:
3342:
3319:
3288:
3257:
3237:
3183:
3163:
3139:
3120:
3095:
3065:
3053:from the original on 3 May 2014
3005:
2910:
2892:McCrum, Kirstie (13 May 2015).
2885:
2861:
2836:
2810:
2744:
2720:
2665:
2633:
2603:
2539:
2509:
2479:
2446:
2420:
2387:
2356:
2323:
2293:
2240:
2207:
2148:
2116:
2086:
2059:
2028:
1975:
1944:
1915:, North Korea Leadership Watch.
1899:
1886:
1853:
1790:
1667:Ben Webster (8 November 2008).
1334:denuclearization of North Korea
903:6th Central Military Commission
677:In April 1989, Jang was made a
637:
388:
4342:People executed for corruption
4147:(Kim Jong Il's third mistress)
4117:(Kim Jong Il's brother-in-law)
4105:(Kim Jong Il's first mistress)
3352:. Sina Corp. 26 January 2014.
3012:Kim, Rose (13 December 2013).
2726:Zachary Keck and Ankit Panda,
1758:
1727:
1701:Choe, Sang-hun (7 June 2010).
1660:
1509:
1490:
1450:
1055:U.S. National Security Council
1049:, an expert on North Korea at
518:politician. He was married to
465:
449:
331:Soviet-occupied Northern Korea
1:
3786:North Korean Leadership Watch
3405:Julian Ryall (7 April 2014).
2332:"A Dynamically Stable Regime"
2213:Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga, "
1804:. Hamburg. 10 December 2013.
1550:The Rise and Rise of Mr. Jang
1483:
1423:Media coverage of North Korea
1290:All-Party Parliamentary Group
829:Rason Economic and Trade Zone
620:. The couple had a daughter,
4337:Executed North Korean people
4182:(Kim Jong Un's half-brother)
4141:(Kim Jong Il's half-brother)
3301:International Business Times
3199:, DailyNK, 12 December 2013.
2305:North Korea Leadership Watch
1385:Former U.S. basketball star
1374:Security Council resolutions
1080:
1027:, according to state media.
1014:
973:state television broadcaster
878:between the Chinese city of
823:, and vice foreign minister
7:
4176:(Kim Jong Un's half-sister)
4082:(Kim Il Sung's second wife)
3999:(Kim Il Sung's grandfather)
1870:(in Korean). Archived from
1411:China–North Korea relations
1404:
1288:, chair of the North Korea
1164:
1057:director for Asian affairs
943:
732:National Defence Commission
606:Soviet Civil Administration
582:removed from official media
555:National Defence Commission
494:
480:
10:
4383:
2615:Korean Central News Agency
2252:Korean Central News Agency
1561:Korean Central News Agency
1105:Korean Central News Agency
1021:Ministry of State Security
892:North Korea foreign policy
720:Korean Central News Agency
136:Minister of State Security
18:
4307:Corruption in North Korea
4195:
4154:
4089:
4054:
3986:
3942:
3892:
3860:
3854:Kim family of North Korea
3814:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3019:The Sydney Morning Herald
1928:Profile: Chang Song-thaek
1036:Seoul National University
999:An analyst believes that
955:Korean Central Television
818:Party Committee Secretary
697:and former high official
672:Supreme People's Assembly
668:6th WPK Central Committee
505:
501:
487:
473:
457:
441:
436:
432:
409:
398:
373:
361:
353:
336:
313:
308:
304:
292:
280:
262:
251:
243:
231:
219:
205:
195:
184:
176:
164:
152:
141:
134:
122:
110:
92:
81:
74:
70:
61:
52:
48:
36:
4302:Kim family (North Korea)
4205:(Kim Jong Un's daughter)
3794:Party political offices
3623:22 February 2014 at the
3599:14 December 2013 at the
3580:13 December 2013 at the
3550:South China Morning Post
3473:13 December 2013 at the
3331:21 December 2013 at the
3195:19 December 2013 at the
3176:14 December 2013 at the
3132:20 December 2013 at the
2874:18 February 2014 at the
2803:18 December 2013 at the
2733:13 November 2020 at the
2713:14 December 2013 at the
2286:15 December 2013 at the
1798:"Der retuschierte Onkel"
1675:. London. Archived from
1601:
1443:
1216:Chinese foreign ministry
993:North Korea prison camps
850:On 4 November 2012, the
590:executed by firing squad
357:Executed by firing squad
354:Cause of death
4170:(Kim Jong Un's brother)
4111:(Kim Jong Il's brother)
4076:(Kim Il Sung's brother)
4070:(Kim Il Sung's brother)
3807:Workers' Party of Korea
3629:The Wall Street Journal
2880:The Wall Street Journal
2487:"Where Is Kim Jong-un?"
1286:Lord Alton of Liverpool
962:Workers' Party of Korea
882:and the Korean city of
837:Workers' Party of Korea
808:, minister of commerce
644:Workers' Party of Korea
610:Moscow State University
580:(WPK). His photos were
578:Workers' Party of Korea
547:South Korean government
366:Workers' Party of Korea
4164:(Kim Jong Un's sister)
4123:(Kim Jong Il's sister)
4011:(Kim Il Sung's mother)
4005:(Kim Il Sung's father)
3686:30 August 2023 at the
3666:30 August 2023 at the
3647:30 August 2023 at the
3531:30 August 2023 at the
3152:30 August 2023 at the
3107:30 August 2023 at the
2848:30 August 2023 at the
2757:www.northkoreatech.org
2220:30 August 2023 at the
2070:. Yonhap News Agency.
1987:30 August 2023 at the
1933:30 August 2023 at the
1911:30 August 2023 at the
1581:30 August 2023 at the
1555:30 August 2023 at the
1461:[tɕaŋsʌŋ.tʰɛk]
1381:Suspected alive status
1365:United Nations –
872:Premier of North Korea
804:, minister of finance
725:South Korean president
4327:Purges in North Korea
4047:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
4041:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
4035:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
4029:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
4023:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
4017:(Kim Il Sung's Uncle)
3943:Great Grand Relatives
3605:The Belfast Telegraph
2796:Alexandre Mansourov,
2279:Alexandre Mansourov,
2232:13 April 2020 at the
1307:United States –
1032:military-first policy
901:, a vice-chairman of
695:North Korean defector
628:international student
596:Early life and family
574:counter-revolutionary
536:leader of North Korea
23:, the family name is
4322:Executed politicians
4287:People from Chongjin
4211:(Kim Jong-nam's son)
4188:(Kim Jong Un's wife)
4129:(Kim Jong Il's wife)
3760:Ra Jong-yil (2019).
3552:. 16 December 2013.
3504:14 June 2017 at the
3250:5 March 2017 at the
3226:1 April 2022 at the
3079:. 24 February 2014.
2949:(14 December 2013).
2258:on 13 December 2013.
2100:. 25 December 2011.
2041:The Washington Times
2010:The Washington Times
1963:on 29 September 2007
1774:. 5 September 2012.
1644:. 13 December 2007.
1570:25 June 2013 at the
1502:3 March 2016 at the
1476:and other variations
1192:Unification Ministry
1047:Charles K. Armstrong
905:and director of the
687:Order of Kim Il Sung
475:Revised Romanization
3690:, 17 December 2013.
3631:, 12 December 2013.
3535:, 14 December 2013.
3512:, 13 December 2013.
3510:The Daily Telegraph
3481:, 12 December 2013.
3411:The Daily Telegraph
3382:. 26 January 2014.
3339:, 19 December 2013.
3254:, 15 December 2013.
3234:, 15 December 2013.
3180:(13 December 2013).
3117:, 11 December 2013.
3049:. 23 January 2014.
2882:, 13 December 2013.
2858:, 12 December 2013.
2741:, 13 December 2013.
2717:, 12 December 2013.
2685:on 13 December 2013
2649:. 9 December 2013.
2523:. 6 December 2013.
2493:. 6 December 2013.
1941:(12 December 2013).
1896:, 13 December 2013.
1846:5 July 2021 at the
1740:The Daily Telegraph
1311:deputy spokeswoman
1051:Columbia University
860:Politburo Presidium
816:, Jilin provincial
656:industrial accident
563:Kim Jong-Il's death
561:around the time of
526:and his first wife
39:General of the Army
3893:Great Grandparents
3679:Associated Press,
3380:Yonhap News Agency
3232:The New York Times
3160:, 9 December 2013.
2956:The New York Times
2923:Yonhap News Agency
2855:The New York Times
2557:on 11 October 2017
2401:The New York Times
2307:. 8 January 2013.
2132:. 17 August 2012.
1892:Associated Press,
1771:The New York Times
1708:The New York Times
1641:Yonhap News Agency
1613:on 8 February 2012
1351:State of the Union
1318:Yonhap News Agency
1154:Yonhap News Agency
897:In late May 2013,
658:at the factory in
287:Office established
226:Office established
4218:
4217:
3821:
3820:
3771:978-1-4384-7373-4
3733:. 17 April 2018.
3158:Los Angeles Times
2706:Want China News,
2237:, 19 August 2012.
1957:The Seattle Times
1679:on 30 August 2023
1417:Damnatio memoriae
1344:, said of Kim on
1278:minister of state
934:According to the
852:6th WPK Politburo
753:Under Kim Jong Un
703:National Assembly
600:Jang was born in
586:digitally removed
559:four-star general
509:
508:
489:McCune–Reischauer
4374:
4259:
4258:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4226:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3791:
3790:
3775:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3677:
3671:
3658:
3652:
3640:Chad O'Carroll,
3638:
3632:
3616:Jonathan Cheng,
3614:
3608:
3591:
3585:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3542:
3536:
3522:
3513:
3495:Damien McElroy,
3493:
3482:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3445:. 7 April 2014.
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3340:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3261:
3255:
3241:
3235:
3217:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3167:
3161:
3143:
3137:
3124:
3118:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2984:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2943:
2932:
2931:
2930:on 12 July 2018.
2914:
2908:
2907:
2889:
2883:
2865:
2859:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2794:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2761:North Korea Tech
2748:
2742:
2724:
2718:
2704:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2576:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2297:
2291:
2277:
2260:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2185:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2001:
1992:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1959:. Archived from
1948:
1942:
1925:
1916:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1857:
1851:
1839:James E. Hoare,
1837:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1597:
1586:
1546:Sejong Institute
1543:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1513:
1507:
1494:
1477:
1474:Chang Sŏng-t'aek
1463:
1458:
1454:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1340:, member of the
1309:State Department
1306:
1304:
1303:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1023:and executed by
1009:personality cult
990:
916:
625:
624:
497:
483:
468:
467:
452:
451:
392:
390:
343:
340:12 December 2013
323:
321:
309:Personal details
295:
283:
267:
256:
234:
222:
210:
189:
177:Chairman of the
167:
155:
146:
125:
113:
97:
86:
66:
57:
56:
55:
54:
34:
33:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4219:
4214:
4191:
4150:
4115:Jang Song-thaek
4085:
4050:
3982:
3950:Kim Gusta-io II
3938:
3888:
3856:
3851:
3811:
3782:
3772:
3756:
3754:Further reading
3751:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3688:Wayback Machine
3678:
3674:
3668:Wayback Machine
3659:
3655:
3649:Wayback Machine
3639:
3635:
3625:Wayback Machine
3615:
3611:
3601:Wayback Machine
3592:
3588:
3582:Wayback Machine
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3533:Wayback Machine
3523:
3516:
3506:Wayback Machine
3494:
3485:
3479:Radio Free Asia
3475:Wayback Machine
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3442:The Chosun Ilbo
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:Wayback Machine
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3262:
3258:
3252:Wayback Machine
3242:
3238:
3228:Wayback Machine
3219:Choe Sang-hun,
3218:
3203:
3197:Wayback Machine
3188:
3184:
3178:Wayback Machine
3168:
3164:
3154:Wayback Machine
3144:
3140:
3134:Wayback Machine
3125:
3121:
3109:Wayback Machine
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3010:
3006:
2985:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2944:
2935:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2890:
2886:
2876:Wayback Machine
2867:Alastair Gale,
2866:
2862:
2850:Wayback Machine
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2805:Wayback Machine
2795:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2749:
2745:
2735:Wayback Machine
2725:
2721:
2715:Wayback Machine
2705:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2621:on 4 March 2017
2613:. North Korea:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2451:
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2435:
2426:
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2411:
2409:
2392:
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2378:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2288:Wayback Machine
2278:
2263:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2234:Wayback Machine
2222:Wayback Machine
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2129:The Chosun Ilbo
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1995:
1991:東亜日報 2010年5月10日
1989:Wayback Machine
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1935:Wayback Machine
1926:
1919:
1913:Wayback Machine
1904:
1900:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1874:on 3 March 2016
1858:
1854:
1848:Wayback Machine
1838:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1728:
1718:
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1699:
1692:
1682:
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1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1589:
1583:Wayback Machine
1572:Wayback Machine
1557:Wayback Machine
1531:
1530:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:Wayback Machine
1495:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1407:
1392:DuJour Magazine
1383:
1359:
1357:
1301:
1299:
1262:
1260:
1247:
1245:
1228:
1226:
1208:
1206:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1083:
1017:
988:
946:
914:
774:China's premier
755:
715:
640:
622:
621:
598:
512:Jang Song-thaek
495:Chang Sŏngt'aek
481:Jang Seong-taek
469:
453:
428:
394:
391: 1972)
386:
382:
369:(expelled 2013)
368:
362:Political party
345:
341:
325:
324:22 January 1946
319:
317:
293:
281:
273:
263:
257:
252:
232:
220:
206:
190:
185:
165:
153:
147:
142:
123:
111:
103:
93:
87:
82:
50:
49:
44:
43:Jang Song-thaek
41:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4380:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4264:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4199:
4197:
4196:4th generation
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4155:3rd generation
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4127:Kim Young-sook
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4090:2nd generation
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4055:1st generation
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4027:Kim Hyong-gwon
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3918:Song-ryong Kim
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:Kim Gusta-Io I
3900:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3780:External links
3778:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3718:
3703:. 6 May 2014.
3692:
3672:
3653:
3633:
3609:
3586:
3567:
3537:
3514:
3483:
3460:
3428:
3397:
3367:
3341:
3318:
3287:
3256:
3236:
3201:
3182:
3162:
3138:
3119:
3094:
3064:
3029:
3004:
2974:
2947:Choe, Sang-hun
2933:
2909:
2884:
2860:
2835:
2809:
2778:
2743:
2719:
2696:
2664:
2632:
2602:
2568:
2538:
2508:
2478:
2445:
2419:
2386:
2355:
2322:
2292:
2261:
2239:
2206:
2173:
2147:
2115:
2085:
2058:
2027:
1993:
1974:
1943:
1917:
1906:Jang Song Taek
1898:
1885:
1852:
1819:
1789:
1757:
1726:
1690:
1659:
1624:
1587:
1576:Jang Song Taek
1508:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1470:Jang Sung-taek
1448:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1355:
1297:
1282:Foreign Office
1258:
1243:
1236:Yoshihide Suga
1224:
1204:
1166:
1163:
1146:Choe Ryong-hae
1144:reported that
1088:Jang Yong-chol
1082:
1079:
1016:
1013:
1001:Choe Ryong-hae
945:
942:
937:New York Times
899:Choe Ryong-hae
864:Hyon Yong-chol
784:. He met with
780:in Ziguangge,
754:
751:
714:
713:Rehabilitation
711:
699:Hwang Jang-yop
639:
636:
597:
594:
584:and his image
567:lying in state
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
491:
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
463:
461:
455:
454:
447:
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439:
438:
434:
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407:
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400:
396:
395:
384:
378:
377:
375:
371:
370:
363:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
344:(aged 67)
338:
334:
333:
315:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
268:
265:Supreme Leader
260:
259:
249:
248:
246:Workers' Party
241:
240:
238:Choe Ryong-hae
235:
229:
228:
223:
217:
216:
211:
208:Supreme Leader
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
182:
181:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
139:
138:
132:
131:
129:Choe Ryong-hae
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
98:
95:Supreme Leader
90:
89:
79:
78:
72:
71:
68:
67:
59:
58:
46:
45:
42:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4379:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
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4350:
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4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
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4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4168:Kim Jong-chul
4166:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4121:Kim Kyong-hui
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4045:Kim Hyong-bok
4043:
4040:
4039:Kim Hyong-sil
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:Kim Hyong-rok
4019:
4016:
4015:Kim Hyong-jik
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4003:Kim Hyong-jik
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
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3855:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3805:Chief of the
3801:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3736:
3732:
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3626:
3622:
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3590:
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3555:
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2015:
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1125:Rodong Sinmun
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4139:Kim Pyong Il
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4097:Hong Il-chon
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2921:
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2899:Daily Mirror
2897:
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2739:The Diplomat
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2585:The Guardian
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2097:
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2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2009:
1982:北朝鮮の交通事故偽装テロ
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:the original
1956:
1946:
1938:
1901:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1865:
1855:
1810:. Retrieved
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1677:the original
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1611:the original
1522:. Retrieved
1511:
1492:
1473:
1469:
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1390:
1384:
1349:
1326:
1196:Kim Kwan-jin
1180:Kim Jang-soo
1151:
1139:
1129:
1124:
1121:vice-premier
1098:
1096:
1084:
1064:
1040:
1029:
1025:firing squad
1018:
998:
985:
976:
970:
959:
951:
947:
935:
933:
929:Kim Jong-nam
922:
896:
857:
849:
841:
825:Zhang Zhijun
821:Sun Zhengcai
771:
756:
738:
736:
728:Roh Moo-hyun
716:
707:house arrest
676:
641:
638:Early career
599:
571:
550:
544:
528:Kim Jong-suk
516:North Korean
511:
510:
342:(2013-12-12)
294:Succeeded by
286:
253:
233:Succeeded by
225:
186:
166:Succeeded by
143:
124:Succeeded by
83:
31:
24:
4282:2013 deaths
4277:1946 births
4237:North Korea
4209:Kim Han-sol
4162:Kim Yo-jong
4133:Ko Yong-hui
4080:Kim Song-ae
4074:Kim Chol-ju
4068:Kim Yong-ju
3997:Kim Bo-hyon
3987:Pre-Il Sung
3974:Jong-su Kim
3962:Kim Gus-tal
3924:Hyon-jik Na
3882:Kim Jong Un
3877:(1941–2011)
3874:Kim Jong Il
3869:(1912–1994)
3866:Kim Il Sung
3337:Chosun Ilbo
3114:Chosun Ilbo
2828:12 December
2771:17 February
2595:10 December
2531:13 December
2501:10 December
2471:26 December
2438:10 December
2412:24 February
2051:13 December
2020:13 December
1812:10 December
1802:Der Spiegel
1750:28 December
1719:24 February
1524:19 December
1433:Kim dynasty
1370:Ban Ki-moon
1338:John McCain
1141:Chosun Ilbo
1113:Kim Kuk-tae
1075:Kang Sok-ju
1071:Pak Pong-ju
1043:Kim Il Sung
919:subservient
844:Kim Jong Un
810:Chen Deming
794:Wang Jiarui
782:Zhongnanhai
767:Liu Hongcai
743:Kim Jong Un
618:Kim Jong Il
540:Kim Jong Un
532:Kim Jong Il
524:Kim Il Sung
437:Korean name
423:Jang Song-u
405:(1977–2006)
282:Preceded by
275:Kim Jong Un
271:Kim Jong Il
221:Preceded by
214:Kim Jong Un
200:Pak Pong-ju
171:U Tong-chuk
159:Kim Jong Il
154:Preceded by
112:Preceded by
105:Kim Jong Un
101:Kim Jong Il
21:Korean name
4271:Categories
4109:Kim Man-il
3956:Rak Ja-sel
3909:Kim Ugu-io
3812:2007–2013
3711:13 January
3390:26 January
3360:26 January
2689:9 December
2657:9 December
2625:8 December
1742:. London.
1683:8 November
1484:References
1336:. Senator
1313:Marie Harf
1274:Hugo Swire
1255:Carl Bildt
1240:Kyodo News
1094:, Taiwan.
1059:Victor Cha
977:Wen Wei Po
876:Yalu River
842:Jang said
802:Zhang Ping
796:, head of
778:Wen Jiabao
747:Ri Je-gang
443:Chosŏn'gŭl
417:Kim family
320:1946-01-22
299:Kim Ki-nam
4249:Biography
4203:Kim Ju-ae
4186:Ri Sol-ju
4033:Kim Gu-il
3968:Kim Ul-ae
3930:Kim Ung-u
3800:New title
3560:5 January
3243:Reuters,
2967:4 January
2379:4 January
2348:9 January
2315:9 January
2199:28 August
2166:28 August
2140:17 August
2066:Sam Kim.
1967:20 August
1782:9 January
1673:The Times
1652:3 January
1617:20 August
1466:romanized
1328:This Week
1238:told the
1092:Kaohsiung
1081:Aftermath
1015:Execution
966:Politburo
806:Xie Xuren
786:Hu Jintao
648:Pyongyang
632:Pyongyang
425:(brother)
410:Relatives
347:Pyongyang
254:In office
187:In office
144:In office
84:In office
4261:Politics
3735:Archived
3705:Archived
3684:Archived
3664:Archived
3645:Archived
3621:Archived
3597:Archived
3578:Archived
3554:Archived
3529:Archived
3502:Archived
3471:Archived
3453:29 April
3447:Archived
3415:Archived
3384:Archived
3354:Archived
3329:Archived
3305:Archived
3274:Archived
3248:Archived
3224:Archived
3193:Archived
3174:Archived
3150:Archived
3130:Archived
3105:Archived
3081:Archived
3077:38 North
3051:Archived
3046:HuffPost
3024:Archived
2999:Archived
2994:NBC News
2961:Archived
2904:Archived
2872:Archived
2846:Archived
2822:Archived
2801:Archived
2765:Archived
2731:Archived
2711:Archived
2678:Daily NK
2651:Archived
2589:Archived
2525:Archived
2521:BBC News
2495:Archived
2465:Archived
2460:HuffPost
2432:Archived
2406:Archived
2373:Archived
2342:Archived
2337:38 North
2309:Archived
2284:Archived
2230:Archived
2218:Archived
2193:Archived
2160:Archived
2134:Archived
2102:Archived
2072:Archived
2045:Archived
2014:Archived
1985:Archived
1939:BBC News
1931:Archived
1909:Archived
1844:Archived
1806:Archived
1776:Archived
1744:Archived
1713:Archived
1646:Archived
1602:장성택(張成澤)
1579:Archived
1568:Archived
1553:Archived
1534:cite web
1500:Archived
1438:Unperson
1405:See also
1165:Reaction
944:Downfall
924:38 North
831:and the
814:Wang Min
739:de facto
660:Chollima
602:Chongjin
551:de facto
399:Children
327:Chongjin
19:In this
4223:Portals
3885:(1983–)
3421:3 April
3311:23 July
3280:23 July
3270:Sino-NK
2646:NK News
2551:Reuters
2369:Sino-NK
2227:Sino-NK
2098:Reuters
1464:; also
1457:Korean:
1296:system.
1280:at the
1221:Wang Yi
1198:told a
1188:Cabinet
1186:told a
884:Sinuiju
880:Dandong
792:(CCP),
759:general
664:Kangson
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196:Premier
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3816:Vacant
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2491:Chosun
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3057:3 May
1444:Notes
1389:told
1294:gulag
652:Nampo
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3743:2018
3713:2023
3562:2014
3455:2015
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3362:2014
3313:2017
3282:2017
3169:CNA
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3059:2014
2969:2014
2830:2013
2773:2023
2691:2013
2659:2013
2627:2013
2597:2013
2563:2021
2533:2013
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2440:2013
2414:2017
2381:2014
2350:2013
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2022:2013
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1721:2017
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1619:2007
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1526:2013
1111:for
1073:and
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314:Born
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