981:
1039:. This was a designation created by administrators that classified each ethnic group as either "martial" or "non-martial": a "martial race" was typically considered brave and well built for fighting, whilst the remainder were those whom the British believed to be unfit for battle because of their sedentary lifestyles. However, the martial races were also considered politically subservient, intellectually inferior, lacking the initiative or leadership qualities to command large military formations. The British had a policy of recruiting the martial Indians from those who has less access to education as they were easier to control. According to modern historian Jeffrey Greenhunt on military history, "The Martial Race theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward". According to Amiya Samanta, the martial race was chosen from people of mercenary spirit (a soldier who fights for any group or country that will pay him/her), as these groups lacked nationalism as a trait. The Jats participated in both
973:
781:) in South Asia in 2010. This estimation is based on statistics of the last caste census and the population growth of the region. The last caste census was conducted in 1931, which estimated Jats to be 8 million, mostly concentrated in India and Pakistan. Deryck O. Lodrick estimates Jat population to be over 33 million (around 12 million and over 21 million in India and Pakistan, respectively) in South Asia in 2009 while noting the unavailability of precise statistics in this regard. His estimation is based on a late 1980s population projection of Jats and the population growth of India and Pakistan. He also notes that some estimates put their total population in South Asia at approximately 43 million in 2009.
657:
559:
583:
335:, in the arid, the wet, and the mountainous regions of the conquered land of Sindh. The Arab rulers, though professing a theologically egalitarian religion, maintained the position of Jats and the discriminatory practices against them that had been put in place in the long period of Hindu rule in Sind. Between the eleventh and the sixteenth centuries, Jat herders at the Sind migrated up along the river valleys, into the Punjab, which may have been largely uncultivated in the first millennium. Many took up tilling in regions such as western
1146:
get married at a younger age and they are expected to work in fields as subordinate to the male members. There is general bias against education for the female child in society, though trends are changing with urbanisation. Purdah system is practiced by women in Jat villages which act as hindrance to their overall emancipation. The village Jat councils which are male-dominated mostly don't allow female members to head their councils as the common opinion on it is that women are inferior, incapable and less intelligent to men.
539:
523:
299:
790:
1619:, "... (North India) contained large numbers of non-elite tillers. In the Punjab and the western Gangetic Plains, convention defined the Rajput's non-elite counterpart as a Jat. Like many similar titles used elsewhere, this was not so much a caste name as a broad designation for the man of substance in rural terrain. … To be called Jat has in some regions implied a background of pastoralism, though it has more commonly been a designation of non-servile cultivating people."
1984:
Mansura. The jats were one of the chief pastoral-nomadic divisions here in early-medieval times, and although some of these migrated as far as Iraq, they generally did not move over very long distances on a regular basis. Many jats migrated to the north, into the Panjab, and here, between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, the once largely pastoral-nomadic Jat population was transformed into sedentary peasants. Some Jats continued to live in the thinly populated
401:
2599:
with the presence of a few Jat zamindaris…we can, however presume that the unidentified zamindars of our sources who rallied behind Banda were the small zamindars (mah'ks) and the Mughal assessees (malguzars). It is not without significance that they are almost invariably described as the zamindars of village (mauza and dehat). These zamindars were largely the Jats who had settled in the region for the last three or four centuries.
2637:
regional lords, including Jat masters. From this we can infer that
Khatris did seem to occupy a position as a professional class and some Jats held the position of being landlords. There was clearly a professional services relationship between high-ranking Khatris and high-ranking Jats, and this seems indicative of the wider socio- economic relationship between Khatris and Jats in medieval Panjab.
1949:
cattle and from this derive their livelihood. They have no masters, and whether men or women, have neither rich nor poor.' While they were left unnamed by the
Chinese pilgrim, these same people of lower Sind were called Jats' or 'Jats of the wastes' by the Arab geographers. The Jats, as 'dromedary men.' were one of the chief pastoral-nomadic divisions at that time, with numerous subdivisions, ....
379:'s hinterland dwellers, many of whom were armed and nomadic, increasingly interacted with settled townspeople and agriculturists. Many new rulers of the 18th century came from such martial and nomadic backgrounds. The effect of this interaction on India's social organization lasted well into the colonial period. During much of this time, non-elite tillers and pastoralists, such as the Jats or
2560:
or commanders of the area by supplying Banda and his men with grain, horses, arms, and provisions. This evidence suggests that understanding the rebellion as a competition between peasants and feudal lords is an oversimplification, since the groups affiliated with Banda as well as those affiliated with the state included both
Zamindars and peasants.
3738:
stuff as that procurable from the present Sikh centres but they would, if of good physique, compare favourably (as regards field service qualifications) with the weedy specimens sometimes enlisted'. In this officer's view, then, the army could 'encourage' Hindus to become Sikhs simply to increase their overall numbers.
4591:
though poorly of the native troops as a body. Many regarded such troops as childish and simple. The
British, claims, David Omissi, believe martial Indians to be stupid. Certainly, the policy of recruiting among those without access to much education gave the British more semblance of control over their recruits.
426:
zenith of its power, functioned by devolving authority and never had direct control over its rural grandees. It was these zemindars who gained most from these rebellions, increasing the land under their control. The triumphant even attained the ranks of minor princes, such as the Jat ruler Badan Singh of the
4912:
The 1921 census reports classifies castes into two categories, namely, castes. having a tradition' of female infanticide and castes without such a tradition (see table). This census provides figures from 1901 to 1921 to show that in Punjab, United
Provinces and Rajputana castes such as Hindu rajputs,
2855:
Quote: "Between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries, groups of nomadic pastoralists known as Jats, having worked their way northwards from Sind, settled in the Panjab as peasant agriculturalists and, largely on account of the introduction of the
Persian wheel, transformed much of western Panjab into
2819:
Quote: "The flatlands in the upper Punjab doabs do not seem to have been heavily farmed in the first millennium. … Early-medieval dry farming developed in Sindh, around Multan, and in
Rajasthan… From here, Jat farmers seem to have moved into the upper Punjab doabs and into the western Ganga basin in
2598:
Banda led predominantly the uprisings of the Jat zamindars.It is also to be noted that tha Jats were the dominant zamindar castes in some of the parganas where Banda had support. But Banda's spectacular success and the amazing increase in the strength of his army within a few months*6 does not cohere
2485:
The number of parganas with Jat zamindaris (Map 2) is surprisingly large and well spread out, though there are none beyond the Jhelum. They appear to be in two blocks, divided by a sparse zone between the Sutlej and the
Sarasvati basin. The two blocks, in fact, represent two different segments of the
2559:
Muzaffar Alam's study of the akhbarat (news reports) and chronicles of the period demonstrates that Banda and his followers had wide support amongst the Jat zamindars of the Majha, Jalandhar Doab, and the Malwa area. Jat zamindars actively colluded with the rebels, and frustrated the Mughal faujdars
1145:
A 1988 study of Jat society pointed out that differential treatment is given to women in comparison to men. The birth of a male child in a family is celebrated and is considered auspicious, while the reaction to the birth of a female child is more subdued. In villages, female members are supposed to
425:
These communities of rising peasant-warriors were not well-established Indian castes, but rather quite new, without fixed status categories, and with the ability to absorb older peasant castes, sundry warlords, and nomadic groups on the fringes of settled agriculture. The Mughal Empire, even at the
4590:
The
Saturday review had made much the same argument a few years earlier in relation to the armies raised by Indian rulers in princely states. They lacked competent leadership and were uneven in quality. Commander in chief Roberts, one of the most enthusiastic proponents of the martial race theory,
3672:
The Jat's spirit of freedom and equality refused to submit to
Brahmanical Hinduism and in its turn drew the censure of the privileged Brahmins ... The upper caste Hindu's denigration of the Jat did not in the least lower the Jat in his own eyes nor elevate the Brahmin or the Kshatriya in the
2744:
Quote: "... Nor can the liberation that the Muslim conquerors offered to those who sought to escape from the caste system be taken for granted. … a caliphal governor of Sind in the late 830s is said to have … (continued the previous Hindu requirement that) … the Jats, when walking out of doors in
4819:
A historically singular case is that of the Jatts, a pastoral Chandala-like tribe in eighth-century Sind, who attained sudra status by the eleventh century (Alberuni), and had become peasants par excellence (of vaisya status) by the seventeenth century (Dabistani-i Mazahib). The shift to peasant
3737:
proposed a scheme that would change Hindus to Sikhs for the specific purpose of recruitment. To do this, the Sikh recruiting grounds would be extended and Hindu Jats encouraged to take the pahul (the conversion ritual to martial Sikhism)'. He went on to say that these latter might not be as good
1948:
Quote: "Hiuen Tsang gave the following account of a numerous pastoral-nomadic population in seventh-century Sin-ti (Sind): 'By the side of the river.., along the flat marshy lowlands for some thousand li, there are several hundreds of thousands families .. give themselves exclusively to tending
4951:
By 1850, several castes, in North India, the Jats, Ahirs, Gujars and Khutris, and the Lewa Patidar Kanbis in Central Gujarat were found to practice female infanticide. The colonial authorities also found that both in rural North and West India, the castes which practised female infanticide were
1590:"... in the middle decades of the (nineteenth) century, there were two contrasting trends in India's agrarian regions. Previously marginal areas took off as zones of newly profitable 'peasant' agriculture, disadvantaging non-elite tilling groups, who were known by such titles as Jat in western
362:
The Jats also provide an important insight into how religious identities evolved during the precolonial era. Before they settled in the Punjab and other northern regions, the pastoralist Jats had little exposure to any of the mainstream religions. Only after they became more integrated into the
2636:
Guru Nanak's father- in-law, Mula Chonha, works as an administrator for the Jat landlord, Ajita Randawa. If we expand this train of thought and examine other Janamsakhi figures we can detect an interesting pattern…All of Nanak's immediate relatives were professional administrators for local or
1983:
Quote: "In Sind, the breeding and grazing of sheep and buffaloes was the regular occupations of pastoral nomads in the lower country of the south, while the breeding of goats and camels was the dominant activity in the regions immediately to the east of the Kirthar range and between Multan and
511:
When the power of the Bharatpur raja was riding high, fighting clans of Jats encroached into the Karnal/Panipat, Mathura, Agra, and Aligarh districts, usually at the expense of Rajput groups. But such a political umbrella was too fragile and short-lived for substantial displacement to be
3689:
1047:, as a part of the British Indian Army. In the period subsequent to 1881, when the British reversed their prior anti-Sikh policies, it was necessary to profess Sikhism in order to be recruited to the army because the administration believed Hindus to be inferior for military purposes.
4621:
Dr . Jeffrey Greenhunt has observed that " The Martial Race Theory had an elegant symmetry. Indians who were intelligent and educated were defined as cowards, while those defined as brave were uneducated and backward. Besides their mercenary spirit was primarily due to their lack of
395:
Upstart warriors, Marathas, Jats, and the like, as coherent social groups with military and governing ideals, were themselves a product of the Mughal context, which recognized them and provided them with military and governing experience. Their successes were a part of the Mughal
4913:
Hindu jats and gujars with 'a tradition' of female infanticide had a much lower number of females per thousand males compared to castes without such a tradition which included: Muslim rajputs, Muslim jats, chamar, kanet, arain, kumhar, kurmi, brahmin, dhobi, teli and lodha
2343:
The Jat power neat Agra and Mathura arose out of the rebellion of peasants under zamindar leadership, attaining the apex of power under Suraj Mal...it seems to have been an extensive replacement of Rajput by Jat zamindars...and the 'warlike Jats' (a peasant and zamindar
741:
opined that their attitude never allowed themselves to be absorbed in the Brahminic fold. The British played a significant role in the rise of Sikh Jat population by encouraging Hindu Jats to convert to Sikhism so as to get larger number of Sikh recruits for their army.
4452:
The Rajputs, Jats, Dogras, Pathans, Gorkhas, and Sikhs, for example, were considered martial races. Consequently, the British labored to ensure that members of the so-called martial castes dominated the ranks of infantry and cavalry and placed them in special "class
1054:
admitted in 2013 that the 150-strong Presidential Bodyguard comprises only people who are Hindu Jats, Jat Sikhs and Hindu Rajputs. Refuting claims of discrimination, it said that this was for "functional" reasons rather than selection based on caste or religion.
1992:, based on the herding of goats and camels. It seems that what happened to the jats is paradigmatic of most other pastoral and pastoral-nomadic populations in India in the sense that they became ever more closed in by an expanding sedentary-agricultural realm."
1121:
The Rajputs refused to accept Jat claims to Kshatriya status during the later years of the British Raj and this disagreement frequently resulted in violent incidents between the two communities. The claim at that time of Kshatriya status was being made by the
3853:, a long chain of Jat Sikh states that had entered into a treaty of alliance with the British as far back as April 1809 to escape incorporation into the kingdom of their illustrious and much more powerful neighbour, 'the lion of Punjab' Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
3673:
Jat's estimation. On the contrary, he assumed a somewhat condescending attitude towards the Brahmin, whom he considered little more than a soothsayer or a beggar, or the Kshatriya, who disdained earning an honest living and was proud of being a mercenary.
4820:
agriculture was probably accompanied by a process of 'sanskritization', a process which continued, when, with the Jat rebellion of the seventeenth century a section of the Jats began to aspire to the position of zamindars and the status of Rajputs.
486:
were few and male Jats married into the whole range of lower agricultural and entrepreneurial castes. A kind of tribal nationalism animated them rather than a nice calculation of caste differences expressed within the context of Brahminical Hindu
290:. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status. On 13th April, International Jat Day is celebrated every year all around the world.
383:, were part of a social spectrum that blended only indistinctly into the elite landowning classes at one end, and the menial or ritually polluting classes at the other. During the heyday of Mughal rule, Jats had recognized rights. According to
704:
and serve as a rallying point and center for Sikh activity, established the beginnings of a self-contained Sikh community, which was especially swelled with the region's Jat peasantry. They formed the vanguard of Sikh resistance against the
469:
Men characterised by early eighteenth century Mughal records as plunderers and bandits preying on the imperial lines of communications had by the end of the century spawned a range of petty states linked by marriage alliance and religious
1606:"In the later nineteenth century, this thinking led colonial officials to try to protect Sikh Jats and other non-elite 'peasants' whom they now favoured as military recruits by advocating legislation under the so-called land alienation."
5017:
Ror clans: Sangwan, Dhiya, Malik, Lather, etc, are also found among the Jats. From an economic point of view the Rors living in Karnal and Kurukshetra districts consider themselves better off than their counterparts in Jind and Sonepat
2784:
Quote: "... the most numerous of the agricultural tribes (in the Punjab) were the Jats. They had come from Sindh and Rajasthan along the river valleys, moving up, displacing the Gujjars and the Rajputs to occupy culturable lands. (page
343:(water wheel) had been recently introduced. By early Mughal times, in the Punjab, the term "Jat" had become loosely synonymous with "peasant", and some Jats had come to own land and exert local influence. The Jats had their origins in
1107:
during the eighth century. Their 11th-century status of Shudra varna changed to Vaishya varna by the 17th century, with some of them aspiring to improve it further after their 17th-century rebellion against the Mughals. He cites
2306:
The Jats, who are numerically dominant in central and eastern Punjab, can be Hindu, Sikh, or Muslim; they range from powerful landowners to poor subsistence farmers, and were recruited in large numbers to serve in the British
836:
Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of
732:
According to censuses in gazetteers published during the colonial period in the early 20th century, further waves of Jat conversions, from Hinduism to Sikhism, continued during the preceding decades. Writing about the Jats of
3768:
The British policy of recruiting the Sikhs (due to the imperial belief that Sikhism is a martial religion) resulted in the spread of Sikhism among the Jats of undivided Punjab and conversion of the Singhs into the 'Lions of
422:, often led these uprisings. The Sikh and Jat rebellions were led by such small local zemindars, who had close association and family connections with each other and with the peasants under them, and who were often armed.
2674:
Jatni ( female Jat ) , portrayed as stitching her own wedding clothes , personified the Victorian ideals both of morally superior rural handicraft production and of women's proper domestic work within a male - dominated
1641:
2749:
regarding a low-caste tribe. In other words, the new regime in the eighth and ninth centuries did not abrogate discriminatory regulations dating from a period of Hindu sovereignty; rather, it maintained them. (page
641:
in early Arab writings. The Muslim conquest chronicles further point at the important concentrations of Jats in towns and fortresses of Lower and Central Sindh. Today, Muslim Jats are found in Pakistan and India.
2522:
Out of the 45 parganas of the sarkars of Delhi, 17 are reported to have Jat Zamindars. Out of these 17 parganas, the Jats are exclusively found in 11, whereas in other 6 they shared Zamindari rights with other
3524:
The Jats have long been distinguished by their martial traditions and by the custom of retaining their hair uncut. The influence of these traditions evidently operated prior to the formal inauguration of the
824:
In the 20th century and more recently, Jats have dominated as the political class in Haryana and Punjab. Some Jat people have become notable political leaders, including the sixth Prime Minister of India,
439:
474:
The Jats had moved into the Gangetic Plain in two large migrations, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries respectively. They were not a caste in the usual Hindu sense, for example, in which
980:
4347:
582:
2234:
5853:
2265:
558:
4211:
412:
As the Mughal empire faltered, there were a series of rural rebellions in North India. Although these had sometimes been characterized as "peasant rebellions", others, such as
4299:
4319:
5059:. Bhutto is another variant of Bhutta. Some important Arian clans overlap with the Rajputs, for instance: Sirohsa, Ganja, Shaun, Bhatti, Butto, Chachar, Indrai, Joiya...
4285:
K L Sharma:The Jats — Their Role and Contribution to the Socio-Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India, Vol.I, 2004. Ed. by Vir Singh, page 14
6880:
3615:
The gazetteer also describes the relation of the Jat Sikhs to the Jat Hindus ... to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism. ...
2745:
future, to be accompanied by a dog. The fact that the dog is an unclean animal to both Hindu and Muslim made it easy for the Muslim conquerors to retain the
5846:
4352:
7085:
1126:, which was popular in the Jat community. The Arya Samaj saw it as a means to counter the colonial belief that the Jats were not of Aryan descent but of
4778:
The Marathas formed the fighting class in Maharashtra and also engaged themselves in agriculture. Like the Jats in north India, their position in the
3751:
1020:, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the
7015:
5839:
631:
entered Sindh and other Southern regions of current Pakistan in the seventh century, the chief tribal groupings they found were the Jats and the
4357:
1687:
Notwithstanding social, linguistic, and religious diversity, the Jats are one of the major landowning agriculturalist communities in South Asia.
3716:
7075:
4219:
2413:
n the Ganges Canal Tract of the Muzaffarnagar district where the landowning castes – Tagas, Jats, Rajputs, Sayyids, Sheikhs, Gujars, Borahs
3959:
3733:
Others were even more candid about the necessity-and feasibility -of 'creating' Sikhs for the army. One contributor to the Indian Army's
7278:
2253:
International Jat Day is celebrated every year on April 13 to honour and highlight the contributions of the Jat community to the world.
4693:
4748:
4256:
672:
were among the earliest significant historical Sikh figures, and significant numbers of conversions occurred as early as the time of
7192:
6846:
6791:
6256:
3432:
5034:
7283:
7268:
538:
3803:
While the rulers of Patiala were Jat Sikhs and not Rajputs, the state was the closest princely territory to Bikaner's northwest.
3818:
Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality
712:
It has been postulated, though inconclusively, that the increased militarization of the Sikh panth following the martyrdom of
5999:
5799:
5771:
5740:
5712:
5684:
5656:
5626:
5598:
5570:
5536:
5508:
5477:
5449:
5421:
5393:
5365:
5334:
5303:
5275:
5241:
5211:
5183:
5155:
5124:
5097:
5044:
5010:
4677:
4614:
4583:
4519:
3560:
3348:
3311:
3277:
3238:
3201:
3164:
3130:
3087:
3050:
3017:
2983:
2877:
2841:
2806:
2771:
2731:
2698:
2660:
2622:
2544:
2507:
2436:
2398:
2365:
2299:
2218:
2193:
2161:
2127:
2074:
2011:
1970:
1935:
1898:
1855:
1821:
1787:
1757:
1714:
1680:
849:
821:
state. In Rajasthan, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh, they constitute around 9%, 5%, and 1.2% respectively of the total population.
367:
Over time the Jats became primarily Muslim in the western Punjab, Sikh in the eastern Punjab, and Hindu in the areas between
478:
of the eastern Gangetic plain were; rather they were an umbrella group of peasant-warriors. According to Christopher Bayly:
313:. "Jat" is an elastic label applied to a wide-ranging community from simple landowning peasants to wealthy and influential
270:
of Sikhism. By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including
7288:
4805:
4161:
4124:
4088:
4047:
4011:
3923:
3880:
3830:
3796:
3761:
3627:
The decrease of Jat Hindus from 16843 in 1881 to 2019 in 1911 is attributed to the conversion of Jat Hindus to Sikhism.
3591:
4465:
Rand, Gavin (March 2006). "Martial Races and Imperial Subjects: Violence and Governance in Colonial India 1857–1914".
371:
and Agra, with the divisions by faith reflecting the geographical strengths of these religions. During the decline of
7298:
7273:
4870:
4843:
4643:
4553:
4445:
4418:
4391:
4195:
3699:
3657:
3502:
3475:
3442:
3382:
2916:
2328:
972:
4925:
VISHWANATH, L. S. (1994). "Towards a Conceptual Understanding of Female Infanticide and Neglect in Colonial India".
3492:
1672:
1542:
522:
3374:
Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries
2486:
Jats, the western one (Panjab) known as Jat (with short vowel) and the other (Haryanvi) as Jaat (with long vowel).
7253:
7248:
4669:
3726:
3550:
1073:
Deryck O. Lodrick estimates religion-wise break-up of Jats as follows: 47% Hindus, 33% Muslims, and 20% Sikhs.
351:, and gradually became agriculturalist farmers. Around 1595, Jat Zamindars controlled a little over 32% of the
102:
5822:
4560:
Apart from their physique, the martial races were regarded as politically subservient or docile to authority
2119:
Spatial fragmentation of political behaviour in India: a geographical perspective on parliamentary elections
7258:
6784:
5087:
2030:
331:'s conquest of Sind in the eighth century, Arab writers described agglomerations of Jats, known to them as
5831:
4952:
propertied (they owned substantial arable land), had the hypergamous marriage norm and paid large dowries.
2459:
Khan, Zahoor Ali (1997). "ZAMINDARI CASTE CONFIGURATION IN THE PUNJAB, c.1595 — MAPPING THE DATA IN THE".
676:(1504–1552), the first large-scale conversions of Jats is commonly held to have begun during the time of
7293:
5114:
4743:
4718:
1537:
1096:
1021:
777:
According to anthropologist Sunil K. Khanna, Jat population is estimated to be around 30 million (or 3
17:
680:(1563–1606). While touring the countryside of eastern Punjab, he founded several important towns like
253:, a Hindu Jat landlord was among the earliest rebel leaders who fought against the Mughal rule during
6093:
3465:
3230:
Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent
1527:
1138:
During the colonial period, many communities including Hindu Jats were found to be practicing female
939:
901:
656:
841:. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst the Jat people.
4545:
Khaki and the Ethnic Violence in India: Army, Police, and Paramilitary Forces During Communal Riots
4147:
3788:
1453:
4746:(1973). "Social Background to the Rise of the Maratha Movement during the 17th Century in India".
4370:
Hina Rabbani Khar was born on 19 November 1977 in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan in a Muslim Jat family.
6777:
3649:
3583:
1706:
1591:
1035:", which meant that they were one of the groups whom the British favoured for recruitment to the
798:
1764:
Jat: name of large agricultural caste centered in the undivided Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh
462:. The community came to predominate south and east of Delhi after 1710. According to historian
363:
agrarian world did the Jats adopt the dominant religion of the people in whose midst they dwelt.
7263:
5562:
5494:
2285:
1077:
5789:
5644:
5588:
5526:
5439:
5411:
5355:
5324:
5267:
5229:
5201:
5173:
5145:
5000:
4860:
4833:
4795:
4435:
4185:
3816:
3782:
3718:
Martial Races : The Military, Race and Masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914
3372:
3120:
3077:
2973:
2796:
2614:
Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India
2289:
1925:
1888:
1845:
1811:
1777:
1741:
1700:
1656:
720:
and continuing after) and its large Jat presence may have reciprocally influenced each other.
7212:
6634:
5761:
5730:
5702:
5674:
5616:
5498:
5467:
5383:
5293:
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4151:
4112:
4074:
4035:
3997:
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3577:
3338:
3301:
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Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870
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Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870
3191:
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2046:. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. 1973. p. 348.
1960:
729:(Sikh confederacies) were led by Jat Sikhs, who would form the vast majority of Sikh chiefs.
275:
3868:
Fetal/Fatal Knowledge: New Reproductive Technologies and Family-Building Strategies in India
3340:
The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India
2761:
2391:
The peasant and the Raj: studies in agrarian society and peasant rebellion in colonial India
2211:
Fetal/fatal knowledge: new reproductive technologies and family-building strategies in India
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31:
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8:
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2266:"जाट मिलन समारोह:अंतरराष्ट्रीय जाट दिवस के उपलक्ष्य में जाट मिलन समारोह भिवानी में 13 को"
1036:
993:
376:
310:
307:
106:
38:
4511:
Martial Races: The military, race and masculinity in British Imperial Culture, 1857–1914
3625:
Social philosophy and social transformation of Sikhs by R. N. Singh (Ph. D.) Page 130 –
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Quote: "Most of the Muslim Jats are in Pakistan and some of them are in India as well."
3334:
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1532:
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1114:
943:
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demanding to be classified as OBC in order to obtain such affirmative action benefits.
885:
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384:
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258:
5357:
Democracy and authoritarianism in South Asia: a comparative and historical perspective
918:
Many Jat Muslim people live in Pakistan and have dominant roles in public life in the
789:
261:(1707–1763). The community played an important role in the development of the martial
6920:
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The garrison state: the military, government and society in colonial Punjab 1849–1947
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950:
927:
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388:
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By the mid-eighteenth century, the ruler of the recently established Jat kingdom of
7197:
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2235:"International Jat Day: Why is this day important and who started it? Know details"
1921:
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1092:
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689:
685:
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235:
114:
98:
3009:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
2932:
Khan, Iftikhar Ahmad (1982). "A Note on Medieval Jatt Immigration in the Punjab".
2428:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
1847:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
1813:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
1779:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
1746:
Sikhs, Swamis, Students and Spies: The India Lobby in the United States, 1900–1946
1154:
The Jat people are subdivided into numerous clans, some of which overlap with the
813:
In India, multiple 21st-century estimates put Jats' population share at 20–25% in
7202:
7187:
7050:
6639:
6455:
6261:
6151:
5981:
5618:
Engaging cultural differences: the multicultural challenge in liberal democracies
4757:
4712:
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Prostitution, Race, and Politics: Policing Venereal Disease in the British Empire
4573:
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Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures
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3912:
Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Volume 3: Asia & Oceania
3850:
3579:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799
3552:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799
2537:
When sparrows became hawks: the making of the Sikh warrior tradition, 1699–1799
2270:
2090:
2026:
1660:
1308:
1300:
1205:
1099:
describes the varna of Jats as "ambivalent" during the medieval era. Historian
1017:
873:
758:
750:
717:
597:
589:
427:
271:
199:
163:
4731:
The Jats of the Panjab worship their ancestors in a practice known as Jathera.
4478:
4440:(illustrated, reprint ed.). University of New Mexico Press. p. 128.
4117:
Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies
7237:
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7030:
6940:
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6723:
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246:
223:
215:
187:
183:
5791:
Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries
4726:
3392:
2338:
2001:
306:
The Jats are a paradigmatic example of community- and identity-formation in
7243:
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6465:
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499:, felt sanguine enough about durability to build a garden palace at nearby
496:
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239:
159:
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6885:
6659:
6619:
6211:
6047:
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5956:
5918:
4886:
Vishwanath, L. S. (2004). "Female Infanticide: The Colonial Experience".
1616:
1441:
culture and are often portrayed in Indian and Pakistani films and songs.
1368:
1353:
1260:
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1100:
1051:
1040:
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989:
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In Pakistan also, Jat people have become notable political leaders, like
865:
838:
818:
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669:
628:
622:
618:
344:
175:
171:
82:
5615:
Shweder, Richard A.; Minow, Martha; Markus, Hazel Rose (November 2004).
4985:
4946:
3975:
3613:
The transformation of Sikh society — Page 92 by Ethne K. Marenco –
3406:
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1644:(Report). National Institute of Economic and Social Research. p. v.
7182:
7157:
6801:
6236:
6113:
5966:
5938:
4907:
3946:
Meena, Sohan Lal (October–December 2006). Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar (ed.).
2572:
Alam, Muzaffar (1978). "Sikh Uprisings Under Banda Bahadur 1708–1715".
1446:
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1338:
1323:
1318:
1195:
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713:
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India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India
4076:
India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India
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14th Murrays Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862–1919).jpg
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6007:
4300:"History repeats itself as yet another Central govt faces a Jat stir"
3470:(illustrated ed.). London, U.K.: A&C Black. pp. 36–42.
1109:
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853:
601:
569:
565:
455:
279:
254:
227:
195:
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Raja Nal and the Goddess: the north Indian epic Dhola in performance
5262:
Postcolonial developments: agriculture in the making of modern India
3837:
The passage to Delhi, however, lay through the cis–Sutlej states of
2869:
Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins
2690:
Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins
1133:
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which functioned as social and economic hubs, and together with the
400:
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801:, accompanied by his wife, on his way to address the nation at the
693:
651:
475:
418:
352:
314:
167:
130:
90:
5704:
Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the partition of India
4320:"Rajasthan was first state to extend OBC benefits to Jats in 1999"
2358:
Mapping social exclusion in India: caste, religion and borderlands
1988:
country between the five rivers of the Panjab, adopting a kind of
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219:
138:
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to support the claims of Shudra and Vashiya varna respectively.
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5826:
2393:. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 185.
2064:
1401:
1383:
1373:
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1358:
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1313:
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1270:
1265:
1225:
1190:
1163:
746:
451:
405:
336:
262:
250:
207:
4638:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 121–122.
1103:
states that the Jats were a "pastoral Chandala-like tribe" in
7172:
7167:
7162:
7137:
7095:
7020:
6826:
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6728:
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6490:
6440:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6231:
6126:
6098:
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5900:
5870:
5089:
A Social History of Christianity: North-west India since 1800
3846:
2089:
1639:
1393:
1343:
1275:
1200:
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1104:
861:
806:
778:
340:
287:
266:
231:
203:
179:
134:
86:
5413:
Divine passions: the social construction of emotion in India
358:
According to historians Catherine Asher and Cynthia Talbot,
7207:
6664:
6581:
6365:
6266:
6161:
5951:
3842:
1416:
1220:
725:
500:
380:
332:
211:
118:
5230:"Customs in a Peasant Economy: Women in Colonial Harayana"
2183:
2153:
The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India
1578:: title of north India's major non-elite 'peasant' caste."
214:
faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of
30:"Jat" and "Jat people" redirect here. For other uses, see
4153:
Changing Electoral Politics in Delhi: From Caste to Class
3530:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3071:
3069:
2972:
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5676:
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5469:
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4717:. Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations,
2833:
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934:-speaking communities in southern Pakistani Punjab, the
4694:"Prez Bodyguards Only for Rajput, Jats and Sikhs: Army"
2967:
2965:
2963:
2002:
Catherine Ella Blanshard Asher; Cynthia Talbot (2006).
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
922:
and Pakistan in general. Jat communities also exist in
257:'s era. The Hindu Jat kingdom reached its zenith under
5500:
Dowry murder: the imperial origins of a cultural crime
4964:
Mann, Kamlesh (1988). "Status Portrait of Jat Woman".
4797:
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4293:
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3103:
3066:
3032:
2360:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 112.
2291:
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2925:
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The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
2565:
2067:
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5525:
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4254:
2960:
2820:
the first half of the second millennium. (page 117)"
1871:
1642:
Caste discrimination and harassment in Great Britain
1091:
There are conflicting scholarly views regarding the
416:, have pointed out that small local landholders, or
5147:
Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire
4437:
American Indians in World War I: At Home and at War
4297:
4288:
3691:
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1027:The Jat people were designated by officials of the
5614:
5554:
5259:
4665:Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India
4115:. In Jaffrelot, Christophe; Kumar, Sanjay (eds.).
3910:. In Gallagher, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (eds.).
3343:. Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 69.
3300:Metcalf, Barbara Daly; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006).
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
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3039:Metcalf, Barbara Daly; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006).
2323:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 67.
2143:
5416:. University of California Press. pp. 255–.
5295:Political sociology in India: contemporary trends
5234:Women and social reform in modern India: a reader
4606:Gorkhaland Movement: A Study in Ethnic Separatism
3735:Journal of the United Services Institute of India
2652:Sikhism and Women: History, Texts, and Experience
2539:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 54.
2452:
2150:Lloyd I. Rudolph; Susanne Hoeber Rudolph (1984).
1134:Female infanticide and status of woman in society
668:While followers important to Sikh tradition like
450:In 1669, the Hindu Jats, under the leadership of
7235:
5005:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 425.
4602:
3377:. Vol. 1. Boston: Brill. pp. 154–160.
2115:
1914:
4571:
3999:Debt and Death in Rural India: The Punjab Story
3714:
3247:
3180:
2859:
2788:
2713:
2680:
2500:Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India
2208:
1995:
1166:and other groups. Hindu and Sikh Jats practice
249:during the late 17th and early 18th centuries.
5647:. In Singer, Milton; Cohn, Bernard S. (eds.).
4852:
4633:
3858:
3327:
3299:
3152:
3038:
2604:
2177:
829:and the sixth Deputy Prime Minister of India,
6785:
5847:
5593:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 269–.
5360:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 212–.
5150:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 190–.
2753:
2156:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 86–.
2065:Karine Schomer and W. H. McLeod, ed. (1987).
5679:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–.
5642:
5028:
5026:
4658:
4541:
4514:. Manchester University Press. p. 241.
3996:Sidhu, Aman; Jaijee, Inderjit Singh (2011).
3721:. Manchester University Press. p. 174.
3555:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 60.
3520:Who is a Sikh?: the problem of Sikh identity
2898:
2122:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 61–.
2083:
1920:
1602:
1600:
6799:
5651:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 81–114.
5561:. University of California Press. pp.
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5236:. Indiana University Press. pp. 147–.
5232:. In Sarkar, Sumit; Sarkar, Tanika (eds.).
4636:The British Empire and the Second World War
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4535:
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4040:Punjab Society: Perspectives and Challenges
4036:"Contemporary Punjab: A Brief Introduction"
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3434:Canadian Sikhs Through a Century, 1897–1997
3125:. Cambridge University Press. p. 272.
3118:
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3075:
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2971:
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2184:Carol R. Ember; Melvin Ember, eds. (2004).
2044:The Gazetteer of India: History and culture
2006:. Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
1962:Indo-Islamic society: 14th – 15th centuries
1893:. Cambridge University Press. p. 269.
1886:
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1816:. Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
1782:. Cambridge University Press. p. 385.
1586:
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5524:
4927:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
4924:
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3901:
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3306:. Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
3159:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
3119:Asher, Catherine; Talbot, Cynthia (2006).
3076:Asher, Catherine; Talbot, Cynthia (2006).
3045:. Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
3012:, Cambridge University Press, p. 41,
2934:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2836:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
2823:
2726:, Cambridge University Press, p. 15,
2574:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2502:. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 59.
2461:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2431:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
2418:
2312:
2058:
1837:
1803:
1769:
1570:
1568:
900:reservation. In 2016, the Jats of Haryana
5621:. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 57–.
5503:. Oxford University Press. pp. 34–.
5493:
5319:
5075:. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
5023:
4858:
4749:Indian Economic and Social History Review
4063:
3750:Kaushik Roy (2015). Harsh V. Pant (ed.).
2999:
2872:, Columbia University Press, p. 33,
2856:a rich producer of food crops. (page 27)"
2766:, Cambridge University Press, p. 5,
2693:, Columbia University Press, p. 19,
2497:
2284:
2202:
2069:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 242.
1597:
5586:
5441:The Indian army and the making of Punjab
5437:
5227:
5086:Webster, John C. B. (22 December 2018).
5070:
5055:which is also shared by Rajputs and the
4736:
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3542:
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3364:
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2294:. Oxford University Press. p. 232.
2109:
2036:
1952:
1581:
1142:in different regions of Northern India.
979:
971:
788:
655:
437:
399:
297:
5472:. Yale University Press. pp. 89–.
5206:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 217–.
5178:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 183–.
5085:
4862:Religion, Caste & Politics in India
4742:
4507:
4433:
3952:The Indian Journal of Political Science
3905:
3896:
3494:The Sikh Revolution: A Perspective View
3463:
3452:
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2686:
2648:
2095:Caste in modern India: and other essays
2029:, H.C. Raychaudhari, Kalikinkar Datta:
1698:
1692:
1565:
302:Jat Zamindars. Hindoos. Rajpootana 1874
14:
7236:
5756:
5700:
5649:Structure and Change in Indian Society
5381:
4787:
4710:
4578:. Psychology Press. pp. 284–285.
4548:. Three Essays Collective. p. 5.
4501:
4187:Caste and Democratic Politics in India
4033:
4027:
3989:
3864:
3780:
3575:
3569:
3548:
3430:
3333:
2829:
2794:
2759:
2534:
2388:
2278:
1654:
1640:Hilary Metcalf, Heather Rolfe (2010).
1095:status of Jats in Hinduism. Historian
956:
454:, rebelled against the Mughal emperor
6773:
5835:
5672:
5645:"Caste Regions of the Northern Plain"
5587:Richards, John F. (26 January 1996).
5552:
5465:
5409:
5350:
5291:
5257:
5199:
5171:
5143:
5112:
5032:
4998:
4831:
4793:
4146:
4140:
4110:
4104:
3948:"Dynamics of State Politics in India"
3945:
3939:
3814:
3684:
3638:
3536:
3490:
3262:
3223:
3186:
3005:
2424:
2355:
2318:
1843:
1809:
1775:
1736:
1648:
1428:
896:of central government jobs under the
848:(OBC) in seven of India's thirty-six
5787:
5116:Regionalisation of Politics in India
5036:The Arains: A Historical Perspective
4963:
4464:
4458:
4406:
4386:. London: Osprey. pp. 104–105.
4348:"Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar"
4183:
3756:. Taylor & Francis. p. 71.
3370:
2931:
2642:
2610:
2571:
2458:
2186:Encyclopedia of medical anthropology
1958:
1730:
1725:, a hereditary land-owning community
1058:
784:
182:, many Jats migrated north into the
55:Regions with significant populations
5728:
5557:Peasants and monks in British India
5444:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 176–.
4413:. Atlantic Publishers. p. 62.
4255:Sukumar Muralidharan (April 2001).
3549:Dhavan, Purnima (3 November 2011).
2116:Sheel Chand Nuna (1 January 1989).
809:, Independence Day, 15 August 1979.
635:. These Jats are often referred as
202:in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of
24:
5707:. Psychology Press. pp. 94–.
5298:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 70–.
5292:Gupta, Dipankar (1 January 1996).
5266:. Duke University Press. pp.
5137:
5119:. Mohit Publications. p. 50.
3517:
3467:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed
3464:Mandair, Arvind-pal Singh (2013).
1702:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction
592:of the teenage Hindu Jat ruler of
245:The Jats took up arms against the
27:Social group of India and Pakistan
25:
7310:
7279:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
5816:
4212:"PremiumSale.com Premium Domains"
4156:. SAGE Publications. p. 43.
4038:. In Gill, Manmohan Singh (ed.).
3753:Handbook of Indian Defence Policy
3645:A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838
3497:. New Delhi: Bahri Publications.
3303:A concise history of modern India
3156:A concise history of modern India
3042:A concise history of modern India
2798:An agrarian history of South Asia
1673:Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1505:
190:times, and subsequently into the
5106:
5079:
5064:
5033:Ahmed, Mukhtar (18 April 2016).
4992:
4957:
4918:
4879:
4825:
4704:
4609:. APH Publishing. pp. 26–.
2213:. Cengage Learning. p. 18.
1543:List of Jat dynasties and states
1173:
581:
557:
537:
521:
404:Jat Sikh of the "Sindhoo" clan,
5203:Rural labour relations in India
5175:New farmers' movements in India
4686:
4652:
4627:
4427:
4400:
4375:
4340:
4312:
4279:
4248:
4226:
4204:
4177:
3808:
3774:
3743:
3708:
3678:
3632:
3619:
3607:
3511:
3484:
3424:
3399:
3217:
2892:
2528:
2491:
2382:
2349:
2321:The eighteenth century in India
2258:
2227:
2097:. Asia Pub. House. p. 90.
2020:
1609:
1086:
772:
709:from the 18th century onwards.
564:Ethnographic photograph of Jat
375:in the early 18th century, the
320:A female Jat is often known as
7284:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh
7269:Social groups of Punjab, India
4859:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2010).
4838:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 287.
4670:University of California Press
1633:
1149:
924:Pakistani-administered Kashmir
723:At least eight of the 12 Sikh
612:
13:
1:
5643:Schwartzberg, Joseph (2007).
5382:Larson, Gerald James (1995).
5329:. Columbia University Press.
4888:Economic and Political Weekly
4865:. Primus Books. p. 431.
4800:. Anthem Press. p. 175.
4410:India And The First World War
2901:Nomads in the Sedentary World
2091:Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas
1927:Nomads in the Sedentary World
1626:
1080:, a practice which is called
1000:Many Jat people serve in the
926:, in Sindh, particularly the
769:were ruled by the Sikh Jats.
716:(beginning during the era of
433:
230:and the Pakistani regions of
66:
5388:. SUNY Press. pp. 90–.
4999:Singh, Kumar Suresh (1992).
4034:Jodhka, Surinder S. (2003).
2830:Ansari, Sarah F. D. (1992).
2031:An Advanced History of India
1558:
1078:pray to their dead ancestors
944:North West Frontier Province
880:. However, only the Jats of
645:
37:Not to be confused with the
7:
5438:Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003).
5385:India's agony over religion
5092:. Oxford University Press.
5039:. Createspace. p. 95.
4711:Jhutti, Sundeep S. (2003).
4434:Britten, Thomas A. (1997).
3906:Lodrick, Deryck O. (2009).
3648:(2, illustrated ed.).
3272:. CUP Archive. p. 22.
3196:. CUP Archive. p. 20.
2617:. I.B. Tauris. p. 40.
1516:
961:
907:
10:
7315:
7289:Social groups of Rajasthan
5553:Pinch, William R. (1996).
5528:Ethical Life in South Asia
4766:10.1177/001946467301000301
4719:University of Pennsylvania
4467:European Review of History
4236:. Rediff. 27 November 2003
4234:"The anti-reservation man"
3233:. Routledge. p. 131.
2498:Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2016).
1930:, Routledge, p. 177,
1594:and Gounder in Coimatore."
1538:World Jat Aryan Foundation
1509:
1062:
965:
911:
902:organized massive protests
649:
616:
503:. According to historian,
442:The Hindu Jat Maharaja of
293:
36:
29:
6809:
6701:
6678:
6605:
6557:
6303:
6285:
6112:
6084:
6066:
5998:
5980:
5937:
5899:
5881:
5673:Stern, Robert W. (2003).
4832:Stern, Robert W. (1988).
4603:Amiya K. Samanta (2000).
4508:Streets, Heather (2004).
4479:10.1080/13507480600586726
4384:The Indian Army 1914–1947
4119:. Routledge. p. 66.
3865:Khanna, Sunil K. (2010).
3781:Hughes, Julie E. (2013).
2795:Ludden, David E. (1999),
2188:. Springer. p. 778.
1965:, BRILL, pp. 92–93,
1699:Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016).
1655:Khanna, Sunil K. (2004).
1528:Jat reservation agitation
940:Dera Ismail Khan District
660:The Sikh Jat Maharaja of
482:This was a society where
129:
124:
81:
76:
59:
54:
7299:Social groups of Gujarat
7274:Social groups of Haryana
5794:. BRILL. pp. 163–.
5071:Marshall, J. A. (1960).
5002:People of India: Haryana
4572:Philippa Levine (2003).
4407:Pati, Budheswar (1996).
4184:Shah, Ghanshyam (2004).
3789:Harvard University Press
3787:(illustrated ed.).
3715:Heather Streets (2004).
3576:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
3431:Singha, Bhagata (2001).
2535:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
2356:Judge, Paramjit (2014).
2209:Sunil K. Khanna (2009).
1454:The Legend of Maula Jatt
5495:Oldenburg, Veena Talwar
5410:Lynch, Owen M. (1990).
5228:Chowdhry, Prem (2008).
4634:Ashley Jackson (2005).
3815:Bates, Crispin (2013).
3650:Oxford University Press
3584:Oxford University Press
3411:Encyclopedia Britannica
2866:Mayaram, Shail (2003),
2763:The Sikhs of the Punjab
2720:Jackson, Peter (2003),
2687:Mayaram, Shail (2003),
2286:Oldenburg, Veena Talwar
1707:Oxford University Press
938:of Balochistan and the
844:Jats are classified as
817:state and at 20–35% in
799:Prime Minister of India
7254:Ethnic groups in Sindh
7249:Ethnic groups in India
5735:. SAGE. pp. 85–.
5729:Tan, Tai Yong (2005).
5113:Kumar, Ramesh (1996).
4782:system was ambivalent.
3491:Singh, Jagjit (1981).
2760:Grewal, J. S. (1998),
2649:Jakobsh, D.R. (2010).
1924:; Wink, Andre (2012),
997:
977:
810:
665:
514:
489:
472:
447:
409:
398:
365:
355:in the Punjab region.
303:
158:, are a traditionally
5466:Misra, Maria (2008).
5321:Jaffrelot, Christophe
5258:Gupta, Akhil (1998).
5200:Byres, T. J. (1999).
5144:Bayly, C. A. (1989).
4966:Indian Anthropologist
4794:Habib, Irfan (2002).
4542:Omar Khalidi (2003).
4111:Robin, Cyril (2009).
4071:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3006:Bayly, Susan (2001),
2909:10.4324/9780203037201
2425:Bayly, Susan (2001).
2389:Stokes, Eric (1978).
2319:Alavi, Seema (2002).
1844:Bayly, Susan (2001).
1810:Bayly, Susan (2001).
1776:Bayly, Susan (2001).
983:
975:
884:– excluding those of
792:
659:
509:
480:
467:
441:
403:
393:
360:
301:
276:Western Uttar Pradesh
5788:Wink, André (2002).
5701:Talbot, Ian (1996).
3918:. pp. 418–419.
3539:, pp. 190, 265.
3371:Wink, André (2002).
1959:Wink, André (2004),
1922:Khazanov, Anatoly M.
1721:Jat: Sikhs' largest
984:A contingent of the
914:Muslim Jat of Punjab
846:Other Backward Class
32:Jat (disambiguation)
7259:Agricultural castes
5172:Brass, Tom (1995).
4660:Van Der Veer, Peter
4382:Ian Sumner (2001).
4257:"The Jat patriarch"
4190:. Permanent Black.
3122:India before Europe
3079:India before Europe
2975:India before Europe
2611:Syan, H.S. (2013).
2004:India before Europe
1890:India before Europe
1475:Jatt & Juliet 2
1037:British Indian Army
957:Culture and society
377:Indian subcontinent
311:Indian subcontinent
51:
39:Jats of Afghanistan
5758:Wadley, Susan Snow
5051:Some clans of the
4672:. pp. 55–56.
4360:on 19 October 2013
4353:First Post (India)
4328:. 23 February 2016
4325:The Times of India
4216:indianmuslims.info
4083:pp. 69, 281.
4081:C. Hurst & Co.
1533:Meo (ethnic group)
1429:In popular culture
1115:Dabestan-e Mazaheb
998:
978:
892:– are entitled to
886:Bharatpur district
831:Chaudhary Devi Lal
811:
737:, the Sikh author
696:completion of the
666:
448:
410:
385:Barbara D. Metcalf
329:Muhammad bin Qasim
304:
259:Maharaja Suraj Mal
198:, and the western
137: •
133: •
49:
7294:Hindu communities
7231:
7230:
6767:
6766:
6094:Gurjara-Pratihara
5801:978-0-391-04173-8
5773:978-0-253-34478-6
5742:978-0-7619-3336-6
5714:978-0-7007-0427-9
5686:978-0-521-00912-6
5658:978-0-202-36138-3
5628:978-0-87154-795-8
5600:978-0-521-56603-2
5590:The Mughal Empire
5572:978-0-520-20061-6
5538:978-0-253-22243-5
5510:978-0-19-515071-1
5479:978-0-300-13721-7
5451:978-81-7824-059-6
5423:978-0-520-06647-2
5395:978-0-7914-2412-4
5367:978-0-521-47862-5
5336:978-0-231-12786-8
5305:978-81-250-0665-7
5277:978-0-8223-2213-9
5243:978-0-253-22049-3
5213:978-0-7146-8046-0
5185:978-0-7146-4134-8
5157:978-0-521-38650-0
5126:978-81-7445-018-0
5099:978-0-19-909757-9
5046:978-1-5327-8117-9
5012:978-81-7304-091-7
4894:(22): 2313–2318.
4758:SAGE Publications
4700:. 2 October 2013.
4679:978-0-520-08256-4
4616:978-81-7648-166-3
4585:978-0-415-94447-2
4521:978-0-7190-6962-8
4222:on 4 August 2012.
4004:SAGE Publications
3694:. Penguin Books.
3562:978-0-19-975655-1
3350:978-0-521-29770-7
3313:978-0-521-86362-9
3279:978-0-521-31054-3
3240:978-0-41558-061-8
3203:978-0-521-31054-3
3166:978-0-521-86362-9
3132:978-0-521-80904-7
3089:978-0-521-80904-7
3052:978-0-521-86362-9
3019:978-0-521-79842-6
2985:978-0-521-80904-7
2879:978-0-231-12730-1
2843:978-0-521-40530-0
2808:978-0-521-36424-9
2773:978-0-521-63764-0
2733:978-0-521-54329-3
2700:978-0-231-12730-1
2662:978-0-19-806002-4
2624:978-0-7556-2370-9
2546:978-0-19-975655-1
2509:978-1-351-55825-9
2438:978-0-521-79842-6
2400:978-0-521-29770-7
2367:978-1-107-05609-1
2301:978-0-19-515071-1
2220:978-0-495-09525-5
2195:978-0-306-47754-6
2163:978-0-226-73137-7
2129:978-81-7022-285-9
2076:978-81-208-0277-3
2013:978-0-521-80904-7
1972:978-90-04-13561-1
1937:978-1-136-12194-4
1900:978-0-521-80904-7
1857:978-0-521-79842-6
1823:978-0-521-79842-6
1789:978-0-521-79842-6
1759:978-0-7619-3480-6
1750:SAGE Publications
1716:978-0-19-874557-0
1682:978-0-306-47754-6
1500:Jaattan ka Chhora
1468:Jatt & Juliet
1433:Jats are part of
1059:Religious beliefs
951:Hina Rabbani Khar
785:Republic of India
702:Guru Granth Sahib
568:(land owners) in
464:Christopher Bayly
389:Thomas R. Metcalf
144:
143:
16:(Redirected from
7306:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6771:
6770:
6000:Scheduled Castes
5947:Yaduvanshi Ahirs
5856:
5849:
5842:
5833:
5832:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5560:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5265:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5131:
5130:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5030:
5021:
5020:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4698:Outlookindia.com
4690:
4684:
4683:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4365:
4356:. Archived from
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4295:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4267:on 15 March 2014
4263:. Archived from
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4218:. Archived from
4208:
4202:
4201:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3914:(2nd ed.).
3903:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3873:Cengage Learning
3862:
3856:
3855:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3686:Singh, Khushwant
3682:
3676:
3675:
3640:Singh, Khushwant
3636:
3630:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3582:(1st ed.).
3573:
3567:
3566:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3461:
3450:
3448:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3260:
3245:
3244:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3116:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1884:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1738:Gould, Harold A.
1734:
1728:
1727:
1705:(2nd ed.).
1696:
1690:
1689:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1572:
1494:Jatts In Golmaal
1186:Anjana Chaudhari
1014:Rajputana Rifles
1004:, including the
920:Pakistani Punjab
890:Dholpur district
858:Himachal Pradesh
797:, the first Jat
694:community-funded
682:Tarn Taran Sahib
585:
561:
541:
525:
71:
68:
65:~30–43 million (
52:
48:
21:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7303:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7227:
6805:
6798:
6768:
6763:
6697:
6674:
6601:
6553:
6299:
6281:
6108:
6080:
6062:
5994:
5976:
5933:
5895:
5877:
5860:
5819:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5691:
5689:
5687:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5140:
5138:Further reading
5135:
5134:
5127:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5084:
5080:
5073:Guide to Taxila
5069:
5065:
5047:
5031:
5024:
5013:
4997:
4993:
4962:
4958:
4923:
4919:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4830:
4826:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4792:
4788:
4744:Chandra, Satish
4741:
4737:
4709:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4657:
4653:
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4632:
4628:
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4570:
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4405:
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4380:
4376:
4363:
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4346:
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4331:
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4318:
4317:
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4305:Hindustan Times
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4280:
4270:
4268:
4253:
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4018:
4016:
4014:
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3990:
3980:
3978:
3944:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3904:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3863:
3859:
3833:
3825:. p. 176.
3823:SAGE Publishing
3813:
3809:
3799:
3791:. p. 237.
3784:Animal Kingdoms
3779:
3775:
3764:
3748:
3744:
3729:
3713:
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3683:
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3489:
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3478:
3462:
3453:
3445:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3407:"Zuṭṭ | people"
3405:
3404:
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3385:
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3365:
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2241:. 13 April 2023
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2110:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2063:
2059:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1996:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1885:
1872:
1862:
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1858:
1842:
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1828:
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1808:
1804:
1794:
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1774:
1770:
1760:
1752:. p. 439.
1735:
1731:
1717:
1709:. p. 143.
1697:
1693:
1683:
1675:. p. 777.
1671:. Vol. 2.
1661:Ember, Carol R.
1653:
1649:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1482:Jatt James Bond
1431:
1426:
1176:
1152:
1136:
1089:
1071:
1061:
1022:Punjab Regiment
970:
964:
959:
916:
910:
787:
775:
739:Khushwant Singh
654:
648:
625:
617:Main articles:
615:
610:
609:
608:
605:
586:
577:
562:
553:
542:
533:
530:Delhi Territory
526:
436:
369:Delhi Territory
327:By the time of
296:
194:, northeastern
192:Delhi Territory
69:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7312:
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6569:
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6561:
6559:Mohyal Brahmin
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5844:
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5830:
5829:
5818:
5817:External links
5815:
5814:
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4851:
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4824:
4807:978-1843310259
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4176:
4163:978-8132113744
4162:
4139:
4126:978-0415460927
4125:
4103:
4090:978-1850656708
4089:
4062:
4049:978-8180690389
4048:
4026:
4013:978-8132106531
4012:
4006:. p. 32.
3988:
3938:
3925:978-1414448916
3924:
3895:
3882:978-0495095255
3881:
3875:. p. 18.
3857:
3832:978-8132115892
3831:
3807:
3798:978-0674074781
3797:
3773:
3763:978-1317380092
3762:
3742:
3727:
3707:
3700:
3677:
3658:
3652:. p. 15.
3631:
3618:
3606:
3593:978-0199756551
3592:
3586:. p. 63.
3568:
3561:
3541:
3529:
3518:McLeod, W. H.
3510:
3503:
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3443:
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2311:
2300:
2277:
2271:Dainik Bhaskar
2257:
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2201:
2194:
2176:
2162:
2142:
2128:
2108:
2082:
2075:
2057:
2035:
2027:R. C. Majumdar
2019:
2012:
1994:
1971:
1951:
1936:
1913:
1899:
1870:
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1555:
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1545:
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1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:Main article:
1507:
1506:Notable people
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1488:Badla Jatti Da
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1430:
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1097:Satish Chandra
1088:
1085:
1060:
1057:
963:
960:
958:
955:
909:
906:
874:Madhya Pradesh
850:States and UTs
786:
783:
774:
771:
718:Guru Hargobind
650:Main article:
647:
644:
614:
611:
607:
606:
604:, early 1860s.
598:princely state
587:
580:
578:
563:
556:
554:
552:, India, 1868.
544:Jat girl from
543:
536:
534:
527:
520:
517:
516:
515:
435:
432:
430:of Bharatpur.
428:princely state
295:
292:
200:Gangetic Plain
164:Northern India
142:
141:
127:
126:
122:
121:
79:
78:
74:
73:
70: 2009/10
63:
57:
56:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7311:
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7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:Indian castes
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7224:
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7002:
6999:
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6994:
6992:
6989:
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6857:
6854:
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6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
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6817:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6808:
6803:
6800:Clans of the
6795:
6790:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
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6727:
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6710:
6707:
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6704:
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6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6053:Ramdasia Sikh
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
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5912:
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5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5867:social groups
5864:
5863:Ethnic groups
5857:
5852:
5850:
5845:
5843:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5803:
5797:
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5769:
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5755:
5744:
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5408:
5397:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5352:Jalal, Ayesha
5349:
5338:
5332:
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5322:
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5307:
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5297:
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5290:
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5159:
5153:
5149:
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5128:
5122:
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5117:
5109:
5101:
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5067:
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4987:
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4909:
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4897:
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4889:
4882:
4874:
4872:9789380607047
4868:
4864:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4845:9789004082830
4841:
4837:
4836:
4828:
4821:
4809:
4803:
4799:
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4790:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4647:
4645:1-85285-417-0
4641:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4555:9788188789092
4551:
4547:
4546:
4538:
4523:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4447:0-8263-2090-2
4443:
4439:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4420:9788171565818
4416:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4393:1-84176-196-6
4389:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4307:
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4282:
4266:
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4251:
4235:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4199:
4197:9788178240954
4193:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4148:Kumar, Sanjay
4143:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4066:
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4015:
4009:
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4001:
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3992:
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3957:
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3949:
3942:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3871:. Wadsworth,
3870:
3869:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
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3834:
3828:
3824:
3820:
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3719:
3711:
3703:
3701:9789351182788
3697:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3659:0-19-567308-5
3655:
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3647:
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3641:
3635:
3628:
3622:
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3610:
3595:
3589:
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3572:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3504:9788170340416
3500:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3477:9781441102317
3473:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3444:9788176850759
3440:
3436:
3435:
3427:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3384:9780391041738
3380:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3225:Avari, Burjor
3220:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2918:9780203037201
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2775:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2748:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2676:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2645:
2638:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:0-19-565640-7
2326:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2033:, 2006, p.490
2032:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:Ember, Melvin
1662:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1618:
1615:According to
1612:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1461:A Flying Jatt
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:List of clans
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1128:Indo-Scythian
1125:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Sikh Regiment
1007:
1003:
995:
992:, during the
991:
987:
982:
974:
969:
954:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:Kachhi region
933:
929:
925:
921:
915:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:Uttar Pradesh
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
834:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
782:
780:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
730:
728:
727:
721:
719:
715:
710:
708:
707:Mughal Empire
703:
700:to house the
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
663:
658:
653:
643:
640:
639:
634:
630:
624:
620:
603:
599:
595:
591:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
560:
555:
551:
550:Uttar Pradesh
547:
540:
535:
531:
524:
519:
518:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
488:
485:
479:
477:
471:
466:
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
440:
431:
429:
423:
421:
420:
415:
414:Muzaffar Alam
407:
402:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
359:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
309:
300:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Mughal Empire
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Uttar Pradesh
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:late medieval
185:
184:Punjab region
181:
177:
174:in the lower
173:
170:. Originally
169:
165:
162:community in
161:
157:
153:
150:, also spelt
149:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
64:
62:
58:
53:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6033:Mazhabi Sikh
5805:. Retrieved
5790:
5777:. Retrieved
5762:
5746:. Retrieved
5731:
5718:. Retrieved
5703:
5690:. Retrieved
5675:
5662:. Retrieved
5648:
5632:. Retrieved
5617:
5604:. Retrieved
5589:
5576:. Retrieved
5556:
5542:. Retrieved
5527:
5514:. Retrieved
5499:
5483:. Retrieved
5468:
5455:. Retrieved
5440:
5427:. Retrieved
5412:
5399:. Retrieved
5384:
5371:. Retrieved
5356:
5340:. Retrieved
5325:
5309:. Retrieved
5294:
5281:. Retrieved
5261:
5247:. Retrieved
5233:
5217:. Retrieved
5202:
5189:. Retrieved
5174:
5161:. Retrieved
5146:
5115:
5108:
5088:
5081:
5072:
5066:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5035:
5016:
5001:
4994:
4972:(1): 51–67.
4969:
4965:
4959:
4950:
4930:
4926:
4920:
4911:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4861:
4854:
4834:
4827:
4818:
4811:. Retrieved
4796:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4753:
4747:
4738:
4730:
4713:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4664:
4654:
4635:
4629:
4622:nationalism.
4620:
4605:
4598:
4589:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4544:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4510:
4503:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4451:
4436:
4429:
4409:
4402:
4383:
4377:
4369:
4362:. Retrieved
4358:the original
4351:
4342:
4330:. Retrieved
4323:
4314:
4303:
4281:
4269:. Retrieved
4265:the original
4260:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4228:
4220:the original
4215:
4206:
4186:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4152:
4142:
4130:. Retrieved
4116:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4075:
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4039:
4029:
4017:. Retrieved
3998:
3991:
3979:. Retrieved
3955:
3951:
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3911:
3886:. Retrieved
3867:
3860:
3836:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3783:
3776:
3767:
3752:
3745:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3710:
3690:
3680:
3671:
3644:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3578:
3571:
3551:
3544:
3532:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3493:
3486:
3466:
3433:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:
3401:
3373:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3339:
3335:Stokes, Eric
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3302:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3268:
3264:Bayly, C. A.
3229:
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3192:
3188:Bayly, C. A.
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3155:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3121:
3093:. Retrieved
3078:
3056:. Retrieved
3041:
3034:
3023:, retrieved
3008:
3001:
2989:. Retrieved
2974:
2940:: 347, 349.
2937:
2933:
2927:
2900:
2894:
2883:, retrieved
2868:
2861:
2847:. Retrieved
2832:
2825:
2812:, retrieved
2797:
2790:
2777:, retrieved
2762:
2755:
2746:
2737:, retrieved
2722:
2715:
2704:, retrieved
2689:
2682:
2673:
2668:23 September
2666:. Retrieved
2651:
2644:
2635:
2628:. Retrieved
2613:
2606:
2597:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2558:
2536:
2530:
2523:communities.
2521:
2499:
2493:
2484:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2427:
2420:
2412:
2390:
2384:
2357:
2351:
2342:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2290:
2280:
2269:
2260:
2252:
2243:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2210:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2152:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2118:
2111:
2094:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2043:
2038:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1990:transhumance
1985:
1976:, retrieved
1961:
1954:
1941:, retrieved
1926:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1889:
1861:. Retrieved
1846:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1812:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1778:
1771:
1763:
1745:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1701:
1694:
1686:
1668:
1650:
1635:
1611:
1575:
1523:Jat Regiment
1512:List of Jats
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1432:
1168:clan exogamy
1153:
1144:
1137:
1120:
1113:
1090:
1087:Varna status
1081:
1075:
1072:
1049:
1045:World War II
1033:martial race
1026:
1006:Jat Regiment
999:
994:Republic day
986:Jat Regiment
968:Jat Regiment
948:
917:
878:Chhattisgarh
843:
835:
827:Charan Singh
823:
812:
795:Charan Singh
776:
773:Demographics
744:
731:
724:
722:
711:
698:Darbar Sahib
690:Hargobindpur
667:
636:
626:
528:Jats in the
510:
490:
481:
473:
468:
449:
424:
417:
411:
394:
366:
361:
357:
349:Indus valley
339:, where the
326:
321:
319:
308:early modern
305:
265:
244:
172:pastoralists
160:agricultural
155:
151:
147:
145:
46:Ethnic group
43:
7128:Sandhawalia
6620:Mair Rajput
5962:Hindu Ghosi
4933:: 606–613.
4760:: 214–215.
4473:(1): 1–20.
4453:regiments."
4240:18 November
2885:12 November
2814:12 November
2779:12 November
2739:13 November
2706:12 November
2580:: 509–522.
2245:6 September
1617:Susan Bayly
1574:"Glossary:
1369:Sandhawalia
1150:Clan system
1140:infanticide
1101:Irfan Habib
1052:Indian Army
1041:World War I
1029:British Raj
1002:Indian Army
990:Indian Army
928:Indus delta
894:reservation
866:Uttarakhand
839:North India
670:Baba Buddha
623:Sindhi Jats
619:Muslim Jats
613:Muslim Jats
505:Eric Stokes
373:Mughal rule
345:pastoralism
178:-valley of
176:Indus river
7238:Categories
6237:Sial tribe
5807:15 October
5779:15 October
5748:15 October
5720:15 October
5692:15 October
5664:15 October
5634:15 October
5606:15 October
5578:15 October
5565:, 26, 28.
5544:15 October
5516:15 October
5485:15 October
5457:15 October
5429:15 October
5401:15 October
5373:15 October
5342:15 October
5311:15 October
5283:15 October
5249:15 October
5219:15 October
5191:15 October
5163:15 October
5018:districts.
4527:20 October
4169:30 January
4132:30 January
4096:30 January
4055:30 January
4019:30 January
3981:30 January
3931:30 January
3888:30 January
3728:0719069629
3599:5 November
3537:Singh 1981
3356:24 October
3319:24 October
3285:15 October
3209:15 October
3172:24 October
3138:15 October
3095:15 October
3058:24 October
2991:29 October
2849:30 October
2747:status quo
2444:15 October
2169:20 January
2135:20 January
1906:29 October
1863:15 October
1829:15 October
1795:15 October
1742:"Glossary"
1627:References
1447:Maula Jatt
1124:Arya Samaj
1069:Jat Muslim
1063:See also:
1018:Grenadiers
966:See also:
930:and among
912:See also:
793:Chaudhary
714:Guru Arjan
678:Guru Arjan
674:Guru Angad
633:Med people
572:, playing
434:Hindu Jats
353:Zamindaris
148:Jat people
107:Rajasthani
61:South Asia
18:Jat people
6966:Jhajharia
6876:Chudasama
6837:Bhalothia
6486:Sabharwal
6406:Khukhrain
6142:Chaudhary
6008:Ad-Dharmi
5990:Khandowya
4978:0970-0927
4939:2249-1937
4900:0012-9976
4774:144887395
4714:The Getes
4495:144987021
4487:1350-7486
4261:Frontline
3968:0019-5510
3821:. India:
3668:438966317
2946:2249-1937
2586:2249-1937
2555:695560144
2518:993781016
2473:2249-1937
2409:889813954
2376:880877884
2239:News9live
2103:185987598
2052:186583361
1978:15 August
1943:15 August
1740:(2006) .
1559:Footnotes
1309:Maulaheri
1110:Al-Biruni
882:Rajasthan
854:Rajasthan
852:, namely
686:Kartarpur
646:Sikh Jats
602:Rajasthan
594:Bharatpur
570:Rajasthan
566:zemindars
512:effected.
493:Bharatpur
476:Bhumihars
470:practice.
456:Aurangzeb
444:Bharatpur
419:zemindars
315:Zamindars
280:Rajasthan
255:Aurangzeb
228:Rajasthan
196:Rajputana
113:(and its
101:(and its
95:Khariboli
77:Languages
7218:Warraich
7108:Randhawa
7051:Makhdoom
7031:Langrial
7001:Khangura
6991:Kasaniya
6986:Kalwania
6971:Jhanjhar
6719:Bakarwal
6680:Tarkhans
6577:Chhibber
6446:Mehrotra
6436:Malhotra
6426:Mahendru
6381:Kandhari
6326:Bhandari
6272:Warraich
6217:Randhawa
6157:Dhankhar
6058:Ravidasi
5982:Chauhans
5875:Punjabis
5760:(2004).
5497:(2002).
5354:(1995).
5323:(2003).
4986:41919573
4947:44143417
4813:29 March
4727:56397976
4662:(1994).
4332:15 March
4150:(2013).
4073:(2003).
3976:41856253
3851:Faridkot
3769:Punjab'.
3688:(2000).
3642:(2004).
3393:48837811
3337:(1980).
3266:(1988).
3227:(2013).
3190:(1988).
3025:1 August
2954:44141246
2630:2 August
2594:44139389
2481:44143925
2339:50783542
2288:(2002).
2093:(1962).
1667:(eds.).
1548:Jat Sikh
1517:See also
1439:Haryanvi
1422:Warraich
1349:Randhawa
1281:Khangura
1251:Dhaliwal
1216:Bharwana
1130:origin.
1082:Jathera.
1065:Jat Sikh
1016:and the
962:Military
908:Pakistan
803:Red Fort
759:Faridkot
652:Jat Sikh
532:in 1868.
497:Surajmal
484:Brahmins
396:success.
168:Pakistan
131:Hinduism
125:Religion
115:dialects
103:dialects
91:Haryanvi
7213:Vaghela
7178:Solanki
7153:Sheoran
7148:Shokeen
7103:Pilania
7026:Khokhar
7011:Khatkar
6921:Ghumman
6916:Dhindsa
6911:Dhillon
6906:Dhaulya
6881:Chauhan
6832:Bargoti
6688:Panesar
6640:Chauhan
6635:Rathore
6607:Rajputs
6572:Bhimwal
6416:Khullar
6396:Khattar
6361:Gambhir
6321:Bhambri
6305:Khatris
6192:Khokhar
6086:Gurjars
6068:Gakhars
6018:Bazigar
6013:Balmiki
5972:Ranghar
5967:Aharwar
5883:Agrawal
5873:of the
4908:4415098
4271:2 March
3962:: 712.
3839:Patiala
3525:Khalsa.
2675:lineage
2467:: 336.
2344:caste).
1435:Punjabi
1407:Thaheem
1379:Sangwan
1291:Lashari
1256:Dhillon
1211:Beniwal
1181:Ahlawat
942:of the
932:Seraiki
815:Haryana
755:Patiala
662:Patiala
576:, 1874.
574:pachisi
546:Aligarh
495:, Raja
460:Mathura
347:in the
294:History
284:Haryana
220:Haryana
139:Sikhism
99:Punjabi
7193:Tiwana
7143:Sehdev
7133:Sandhu
7113:Ranjha
7091:Panwar
7086:Parmar
7071:Mirdha
7066:Minhas
7036:Langah
7016:Khaira
7006:Kharal
6996:Katewa
6976:Kahlon
6961:Jewlia
6956:Jaswal
6951:Janjua
6941:Guhila
6936:Grewal
6931:Gondal
6896:Dahiya
6886:Chopra
6871:Chilka
6866:Chhina
6861:Cheema
6856:Bhatti
6851:Battar
6847:Bhangu
6842:Buttar
6823:Ansari
6819:Aulakh
6804:people
6759:Shaikh
6754:Sayyid
6739:Kumhar
6734:Kamboj
6702:Others
6670:Wattoo
6655:Jamwal
6650:Jaswal
6645:Minhas
6630:Janjua
6625:Bhatti
6615:Jarral
6539:Vadera
6534:Trehan
6529:Thapar
6524:Tandon
6519:Talwar
6496:Sehgal
6481:Roshan
6471:Oberoi
6466:Nayyar
6461:Narula
6451:Nagpal
6421:Madhok
6401:Khosla
6391:Khanna
6386:Kapoor
6376:Kakkar
6371:Gujral
6356:Duggal
6351:Dhawan
6346:Chopra
6341:Chadha
6336:Bindra
6331:Bhasin
6317:Bhamba
6295:Labana
6287:Labana
6257:Tiwana
6227:Sekhon
6222:Sandhu
6212:Ranjha
6187:Kharal
6182:Kahlon
6177:Jaswal
6172:Grewal
6152:Chohan
6147:Cheema
6137:Buttar
6132:Bhutta
6122:Aulakh
6104:Baisla
6076:Kayani
6043:Mirasi
6028:Khatik
6023:Chamar
5924:Kardar
5909:Rayeen
5901:Arains
5891:Bansal
5871:tribes
5827:Curlie
5798:
5770:
5739:
5711:
5683:
5655:
5625:
5597:
5569:
5535:
5507:
5476:
5448:
5420:
5392:
5364:
5333:
5302:
5274:
5240:
5210:
5182:
5154:
5123:
5096:
5053:Arains
5043:
5009:
4984:
4976:
4945:
4937:
4906:
4898:
4869:
4842:
4804:
4772:
4725:
4676:
4642:
4613:
4582:
4552:
4518:
4493:
4485:
4444:
4417:
4390:
4364:11 May
4194:
4160:
4123:
4087:
4046:
4010:
3974:
3966:
3922:
3908:"JATS"
3879:
3829:
3795:
3760:
3725:
3698:
3666:
3656:
3590:
3559:
3501:
3474:
3441:
3416:12 May
3391:
3381:
3347:
3310:
3276:
3237:
3200:
3163:
3129:
3086:
3049:
3016:
2982:
2952:
2944:
2915:
2876:
2840:
2805:
2770:
2730:
2697:
2659:
2621:
2592:
2584:
2553:
2543:
2516:
2506:
2479:
2471:
2435:
2407:
2397:
2374:
2364:
2337:
2327:
2298:
2217:
2192:
2160:
2126:
2101:
2073:
2050:
2010:
1969:
1934:
1897:
1854:
1820:
1786:
1756:
1713:
1679:
1402:Teotia
1384:Sekhon
1374:Sandhu
1364:Sahota
1359:Rehvar
1354:Ranjha
1334:Poonia
1329:Panwar
1314:Mirdha
1305:Marhal
1286:Kharal
1271:Grewal
1266:Godara
1246:Dharan
1241:Dahiya
1231:Cheema
1226:Buttar
1206:Babbar
1191:Aulakh
1164:Rajput
1031:as a "
996:parade
819:Punjab
765:, and
751:states
749:, the
747:Punjab
735:Punjab
688:, and
664:, 1898
590:durbar
487:state.
452:Gokula
446:, 1882
408:, 1872
406:Lahore
337:Punjab
272:Punjab
263:Khalsa
251:Gokula
236:Punjab
216:Punjab
208:Muslim
111:Sindhi
7203:Uppal
7198:Tomar
7188:Tarar
7183:Sunda
7173:Sohal
7168:Sipra
7163:Sidhu
7138:Sagoo
7096:Pannu
7061:Malik
7056:Malhi
7021:Khakh
6891:Dabas
6827:Bajwa
6814:Atwal
6749:Sansi
6744:Saini
6729:Dogar
6724:Bania
6714:Bagga
6709:Arora
6693:Sohal
6592:Mohan
6549:Vohra
6544:Vadra
6511:Sodhi
6506:Sethi
6491:Sahni
6456:Nanda
6441:Mehra
6431:Makan
6411:Kohli
6313:Anand
6262:Uppal
6252:Sohal
6247:Sodhi
6242:Sipra
6232:Sidhu
6202:Malhi
6127:Bajwa
6099:Bhati
6038:Mochi
5957:Ghosi
5952:Ahirs
5939:Ahirs
5929:Ramay
4982:JSTOR
4943:JSTOR
4904:JSTOR
4780:varna
4770:S2CID
4756:(3).
4491:S2CID
3972:JSTOR
3958:(4).
3847:Nabha
2950:JSTOR
2590:JSTOR
2477:JSTOR
2307:army.
1659:. In
1657:"Jat"
1412:Tomar
1398:Sihag
1394:Sidhu
1344:Rahar
1339:Rahal
1324:Naich
1319:Muley
1301:Malik
1296:Malhi
1276:Khakh
1236:Dabas
1201:Bajwa
1196:Bagri
1160:Arain
1105:Sindh
1093:varna
1076:Jats
862:Delhi
807:Delhi
779:crore
767:Nabha
726:Misls
638:Zatts
629:Arabs
627:When
381:Ahirs
341:sakia
322:Jatni
288:Delhi
267:panth
232:Sindh
204:Hindu
180:Sindh
135:Islam
87:Hindi
7223:Wyne
7208:Virk
7158:Sial
7123:Sahu
7118:Sahi
7081:Noon
7046:Maan
7041:Lali
6946:Hans
6926:Gill
6901:Dara
6665:Raja
6660:Rana
6597:Vaid
6582:Datt
6567:Bali
6515:Soni
6501:Seth
6476:Puri
6366:Ghai
6277:Wyne
6267:Virk
6207:Noon
6197:Maan
6167:Gill
6162:Deol
6114:Jats
5919:Mehr
5914:Mian
5869:and
5823:Jats
5809:2011
5796:ISBN
5781:2011
5768:ISBN
5750:2011
5737:ISBN
5722:2011
5709:ISBN
5694:2011
5681:ISBN
5666:2011
5653:ISBN
5636:2011
5623:ISBN
5608:2011
5595:ISBN
5580:2011
5567:ISBN
5546:2011
5533:ISBN
5518:2011
5505:ISBN
5487:2011
5474:ISBN
5459:2011
5446:ISBN
5431:2011
5418:ISBN
5403:2011
5390:ISBN
5375:2011
5362:ISBN
5344:2011
5331:ISBN
5313:2011
5300:ISBN
5285:2011
5272:ISBN
5251:2011
5238:ISBN
5221:2011
5208:ISBN
5193:2011
5180:ISBN
5165:2011
5152:ISBN
5121:ISBN
5094:ISBN
5057:Jats
5041:ISBN
5007:ISBN
4974:ISSN
4935:ISSN
4896:ISSN
4867:ISBN
4840:ISBN
4815:2020
4802:ISBN
4723:OCLC
4674:ISBN
4640:ISBN
4611:ISBN
4580:ISBN
4550:ISBN
4529:2010
4516:ISBN
4483:ISSN
4442:ISBN
4415:ISBN
4388:ISBN
4366:2013
4334:2016
4273:2021
4242:2006
4192:ISBN
4171:2020
4158:ISBN
4134:2020
4121:ISBN
4098:2020
4085:ISBN
4057:2020
4044:ISBN
4021:2020
4008:ISBN
3983:2020
3964:ISSN
3933:2020
3920:ISBN
3916:Gale
3890:2020
3877:ISBN
3849:and
3843:Jind
3827:ISBN
3793:ISBN
3758:ISBN
3723:ISBN
3696:ISBN
3664:OCLC
3654:ISBN
3601:2018
3588:ISBN
3557:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3472:ISBN
3439:ISBN
3418:2021
3389:OCLC
3379:ISBN
3358:2011
3345:ISBN
3321:2011
3308:ISBN
3287:2011
3274:ISBN
3235:ISBN
3211:2011
3198:ISBN
3174:2011
3161:ISBN
3140:2011
3127:ISBN
3097:2011
3084:ISBN
3060:2011
3047:ISBN
3027:2011
3014:ISBN
2993:2011
2980:ISBN
2942:ISSN
2913:ISBN
2887:2011
2874:ISBN
2851:2011
2838:ISBN
2816:2011
2803:ISBN
2781:2011
2768:ISBN
2750:15)"
2741:2011
2728:ISBN
2708:2011
2695:ISBN
2670:2024
2657:ISBN
2632:2022
2619:ISBN
2582:ISSN
2551:OCLC
2541:ISBN
2514:OCLC
2504:ISBN
2469:ISSN
2446:2011
2433:ISBN
2405:OCLC
2395:ISBN
2372:OCLC
2362:ISBN
2335:OCLC
2325:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2247:2024
2215:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2171:2012
2158:ISBN
2137:2012
2124:ISBN
2099:OCLC
2071:ISBN
2048:OCLC
2008:ISBN
1986:barr
1980:2013
1967:ISBN
1945:2013
1932:ISBN
1908:2011
1895:ISBN
1865:2011
1852:ISBN
1831:2011
1818:ISBN
1797:2011
1784:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1553:Jāti
1437:and
1417:Virk
1389:Sial
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