Java (software platform)

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with conversion code and using larger data types, it makes using Java cumbersome for handling the unsigned data. While a 32-bit signed integer may be used to hold a 16-bit unsigned value with relative ease, a 32-bit unsigned value would require a 64-bit signed integer. Additionally, a 64-bit unsigned value cannot be stored using any integer type in Java because no type larger than 64 bits exists in the Java language. If abstracted using functions, function calls become necessary for many operations which are native to some other languages. Alternatively, it is possible to use Java's signed integers to emulate unsigned integers of the same size, but this requires detailed knowledge of complex bitwise operations.

587:. Distributions include Amazon Corretto, Zulu, AdoptOpenJDK, and Liberica. Regarding Oracle, it distributes Java 8, and also makes available e.g. Java 11, both also currently supported LTS versions. Oracle (and others) "highly recommend that you uninstall older versions of Java" than Java 8, because of serious risks due to unresolved security issues. Since Java 9 (as well as versions 10, and 12–16, and 18–20) are no longer supported, Oracle advises its users to "immediately transition" to a supported version. Oracle released the last free-for-commercial-use public update for the 6036: 2518: 6414: 6426: 2941: 1722: 2908:

from end-user systems worldwide." "Once promising, it has outlived its usefulness in the browser, and has become a nightmare that delights cyber-criminals at the expense of computer users." "I think everyone should uninstall Java from all their PCs and Macs, and then think carefully about whether they need to add it back. If you are a typical home user, you can probably do without it. If you are a business user, you may not have a choice."

2604: 387: 5887: 2420: 6909: 1192:, appearing since 2002, which incorporates many of the successful aspects of Java. .NET was built from the ground-up to support multiple programming languages, while the Java platform was initially built to support only the Java language, although many other languages have been made for JVM since. Like Java, .NET languages compile to byte code and are executed by the 1882: 2921:" that will redirect browser searches to ads and "McAfee Security Scan Plus". These offers can be blocked through a setting in the Java Control Panel, although this is not obvious. This setting is located under the "Advanced" tab in the Java Control Panel, under the "Miscellaneous" heading, where the option is labelled as an option to suppress "sponsor offers". 1757:; McNealy asked him to pretend he was God and send him an e-mail explaining how to fix the company. Naughton envisioned the creation of a small team that could work autonomously without the bureaucracy that was stalling other Sun projects. McNealy forwarded the message to other important people at Sun, and the 2834:

can either be interpreted at run time by a virtual machine, or it can be compiled at load time or runtime into native code which runs directly on the computer's hardware. Interpretation is slower than native execution, and compilation at load time or runtime has an initial performance penalty for the

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The source code for Sun's implementations of Java (i.e. the de facto reference implementation) has been available for some time, but until recently, the license terms severely restricted what could be done with it without signing (and generally paying for) a contract with Sun. As such these terms did

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that applications can call at runtime. Because the Java platform is not dependent on any specific operating system, applications cannot rely on any of the pre-existing OS libraries. Instead, the Java platform provides a comprehensive set of its own standard class libraries containing many of the same

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The use of bytecode as an intermediate language permits Java programs to run on any platform that has a virtual machine available. The use of a JIT compiler means that Java applications, after a short delay during loading and once they have "warmed up" by being all or mostly JIT-compiled, tend to run

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has called for users to remove at least the Java browser plugin and also the entire software. "I look forward to a world without the Java plugin (and to not having to remind readers about quarterly patch updates) but it will probably be years before various versions of this plugin are mostly removed

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model was adopted starting with version 9. For the first time, OpenJDK 11 represents the complete source code for the Java platform under the GNU General Public License, and while Oracle still dual-licenses it with an optional proprietary license, there are no code differences nor modules unique to

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platform, but is known to work there. Thus, due to the end of Java 7's lifecycle it is the recommended version for XP users. Previously, only an unofficial manual installation method had been described for Windows XP SP3. It refers to JDK8, the developing platform for Java that also includes a

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on May 8, 2007, except some limited parts that were licensed by Sun from third parties who did not want their code to be released under a free software and open-source license. Some of the encumbered parts turned out to be fairly key parts of the platform such as font rendering and 2D rasterising,

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and the lack of these types prevents direct data interchange between C and Java. Unsigned large numbers are also used in many numeric processing fields, including cryptography, which can make Java less convenient to use for these tasks. Although it is possible to partially circumvent this problem

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While the so-called Java applets for web browsers no longer are the most popular use of Java (with it e.g. more used server-side) or the most popular way to run code client-side (JavaScript took over as more popular), it still is possible to run Java (or other JVM languages such as Kotlin) in web

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libraries implement an abstraction layer in native OS code, then provide a standard interface for the Java applications to perform those tasks. Finally, when some underlying platform does not support all of the features a Java application expects, the class libraries work to gracefully handle the

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bytecode, which is the native input format for the virtual machine on Android devices.) The last Critical Path Update version of JRE with an Oracle BCL Agreement was 8u201 and, the last Patch Set Update version with the same license was 8u202. The last Oracle JRE implementation, regardless of its

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In recent years, researchers have discovered numerous security flaws in some widely used Java implementations, including Oracle's, which allow untrusted code to bypass the sandboxing mechanism, exposing users to malicious attacks. These flaws affect only Java applications which execute arbitrary

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Because OpenJDK is under the GPL, it is possible to redistribute a custom version of the JRE directly with software applications, rather than requiring the enduser (or their sysadmin) to download and install the correct version of the proprietary Oracle JRE onto each of their systems themselves.

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The Java class libraries serve three purposes within the Java platform. First, like other standard code libraries, the Java libraries provide the programmer a well-known set of functions to perform common tasks, such as maintaining lists of items or performing complex string parsing. Second, the

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In most cases, Java support is unnecessary in Web browsers, and security experts recommend that it not be run in a browser unless absolutely necessary. It was suggested that, if Java is required by a few Web sites, users should have a separate browser installation specifically for those sites.

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Java 7. The language and runtime were therefore commonly considered a single unit. However, an effort was made with the Java 7 specification to more clearly treat the Java language and the Java Virtual Machine as separate entities, so that they are no longer considered a single unit.

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The Java platform provides a security architecture which is designed to allow the user to run untrusted bytecode in a "sandboxed" manner to protect against malicious or poorly written software. This "sandboxing" feature is intended to protect the user by restricting access to certain platform

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The word "Java", alone, usually refers to Java programming language that was designed for use with the Java platform. Programming languages are typically outside of the scope of the phrase "platform", although the Java programming language was listed as a core part of the Java platform before

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Oracle releases the current version of the software under the Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) license. Oracle releases binaries for the x86-64 architecture for Windows, macOS, and Linux based operating systems, and for the aarch64 architecture for macOS and Linux. Previous versions

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to malicious web sites. In 2013 Kaspersky Labs reported that the Java plug-in was the method of choice for computer criminals. Java exploits are included in many exploit packs that hackers deploy onto hacked web sites. Java applets were removed in Java 11, released on September 25, 2018.

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The Java JRE is installed on a large number of computers. End users with an out-of-date version of JRE therefore are vulnerable to many known attacks. This led to the widely shared belief that Java is inherently insecure. Since Java 1.7, Oracle's JRE for Windows includes automatic update

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Current Java is supported on 64-bit Windows 10 (and Server 2016) and later, 64-bit macOS 13.x and later, and 64-bit Linux (e.g. Oracle Enterprise Linux). Others are not supported by Oracle (for building, but may be by IBM, SAP etc.), though are known to work e.g. AIX, Ubuntu, RHEL, and

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Originally there was no permanent generation, and objects and classes were stored together in the same area. But as class unloading occurs much more rarely than objects are collected, moving class structures to a specific area allowed significant performance improvements.

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which Oracle stewards. It provides software for working with Java applications. Examples of included software are the Java virtual machine, a compiler, performance monitoring tools, a debugger, and other utilities that Oracle considers useful for Java programmers.

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on November 13, 2006, with a promise that the rest of the JDK (that includes the JRE) would be placed under the GPL by March 2007 ("except for a few components that Sun does not have the right to publish in distributable source form under the GPL"). According to

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class libraries provide an abstract interface to tasks that would normally depend heavily on the hardware and operating system. Tasks such as network access and file access are often heavily intertwined with the distinctive implementations of each platform. The

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modifier, such as Exception Flags and Directed Roundings – capabilities mandated by IEEE Standard 754. Additionally, the extended-precision floating-point types permitted in 754 and present in many processors are not permitted in Java.

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for generic instance creation. The JVM was extended with support for dynamic languages, while the class library was extended among others with a join/fork framework, an improved new file I/O library and support for new network protocols such as

1942:. Sun priced Java licenses below cost to gain market share. Although Java 1.0a became available for download in 1994, the first public release of Java, Java 1.0a2 with the HotJava browser, came on May 23, 1995, announced by Gage at the 991:. The modularization of Java SE implementations allows developers to bundle their applications together with all the modules used by them, instead of solely relying on the presence of a suitable Java SE implementation in the user device. 843:

programs. This bytecode is the same no matter what hardware or operating system the program is running under. However, new versions, such as for Java 10 (and earlier), have made small changes, meaning the bytecode is in general only

896:. It implements the Java Language Specification (JLS) and the Java Virtual Machine Specification (JVMS) and provides the Standard Edition (SE) of the Java Application Programming Interface (API). It is derivative of the community driven 2390:

In addition to language changes, significant changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as

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meant that their implementations of the Java libraries (the compiler and VM are comparatively small and well defined) were incomplete and not fully compatible. These implementations also tended to be far less optimized than Sun's.

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The essential components in the platform are the Java language compiler, the libraries, and the runtime environment in which Java intermediate bytecode executes according to the rules laid out in the virtual machine specification.

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Oracle plans to first deprecate the separately installable Java browser plugin from the Java Runtime Environment in JDK 9 then remove it completely from a future release, forcing web developers to use an alternative technology.

5115: 679:(Micro Edition): Specifies several different sets of libraries (known as profiles) for devices with limited storage, display, and power capacities. It is often used to develop applications for mobile devices, PDAs, TV 2679:

Sun's goal was to replace the parts that remain proprietary and closed-source with alternative implementations and make the class library completely free and open source. In the meantime, a third-party project called

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environment based on C++. Initially, Gosling attempted to modify and extend C++ (a proposed development that he referred to as "C++ ++ --") but soon abandoned that in favor of creating a new language, which he called

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The Oracle-distributed Java runtime environment has a history of bundling sponsored software to be installed by default during installation and during the updates which roll out every month or so. This includes the

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untrusted bytecode, such as web browser plug-ins that run Java applets downloaded from public websites. Applications where the user trusts, and has full control over, all code that is being executed are unaffected.

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The JVM specification gives a lot of leeway to implementors regarding the implementation details. Since Java 1.3, JRE from Oracle contains a JVM called HotSpot. It has been designed to be a high-performance JVM.

4173:'The lawyers had told us that we couldn't use the name "OAK" because Oak Technologies,' said Frank Yellin, a senior engineer at Sun. 'So a brainstorming session was held to come up with ideas for a new name.' 2880:

that it was not secure and that people should disable Java. Jaime Blasco, Labs Manager with AlienVault Labs, stated that "Java is a mess. It's not secure. You have to disable it." This vulnerability affects

5572: 1196:(CLR), which is similar in purpose to the JVM. Like the JVM, the CLR provides memory management through automatic garbage collection, and allows .NET byte code to run on multiple operating systems. 5875: 5546: 591:

Java 8 LTS in January 2019, and will continue to support Java 8 with public updates for personal use indefinitely. Oracle extended support for Java 6 ended in December 2018.

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and re-use of these existing classes. This limited the features that could be provided by this addition as compared to some other languages. The addition of type wildcards made Java unsound.

571:(LTS) version is Java 21 released in September 2023, which is one of a few LTS versions still supported, down to Java 8 LTS. As an open source platform, Java has many distributors, including 2271:) and default methods, the Project Nashorn JavaScript runtime, a new Date and Time API inspired by Joda Time, and the removal of PermGen. This version is not officially supported on the 1913:

the Internet could evolve into the same highly interactive medium that they had envisioned for cable TV. As a prototype, Naughton wrote a small browser, WebRunner (named after the movie

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meant that programmers had to manually manage system memory, a challenging and error-prone task. The team also worried about the C++ language's lack of portable facilities for security,

2165:. It was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. Developed under JSR 176, Tiger added several significant new language features including the 5876: 5624: 7372: 5452: 2317:

the proprietary-licensed version. Java 11 features include two new garbage collector implementations, Flight Recorder to debug deep issues, a new HTTP client including

2688:. However OpenJDK has since become buildable without the encumbered parts (from OpenJDK 6 b10) and has become the default runtime environment for most Linux distributions. 5519: 4003: 8878: 5213: 1954:, unexpectedly announced that Netscape browsers would include Java support. On January 9, 1996, Sun Microsystems formed the JavaSoft group to develop the technology. 2835:

compilation. Modern performant JVM implementations all use the compilation approach, so after the initial startup time the performance is equivalent to native code.

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since Sun Microsystems sued Microsoft for adding Windows-specific classes to the bundled Java runtime environment, and for making the new classes available through

5673: 4204:'It's priced below our cost,' Schmidt says. 'This loses money in the licensing business for the foreseeable future. It's a strategic investment in market share.' 5576: 5430: 3907: 2552:

at the same time. A new Duke personality is created every year. For example, in July 2011 "Future Tech Duke" included a bigger nose, a jetpack, and blue wings.

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To speed-up code execution, HotSpot relies on just-in-time compilation. To speed-up object allocation and garbage collection, HotSpot uses generational heap.

852:, or JVM. The JIT compiler translates the Java bytecode into native processor instructions at run-time and caches the native code in memory during execution. 6479: 867:

or platform independent, the code of the Java Virtual Machines (JVM) that execute these programs is not. Every supported operating platform has its own JVM.

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absent components, either by emulation to provide a substitute, or at least by providing a consistent way to check for the presence of a specific feature.

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library paints the user interface and handles the events itself, eliminating many subtle differences between how different platforms handle components.

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Java has yet to release an automatic updater that does not require user intervention and administrative rights unlike Google Chrome and Flash player.

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that had a graphical interface and a smart agent called "Duke" to assist the user. In November of that year, the Green Project was spun off to become

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On January 14, 2013, security experts said that the update still failed to protect PCs from attack. This exploit hole prompted a response from the

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Before the discontinuation of the Java browser plug-in, any web page might have potentially run a Java applet, which provided an easily accessible

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The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) released by Oracle is a freely available software distribution containing a stand-alone JVM (HotSpot), the Java

2280:. Java 8 is supported on Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows Vista SP2 and Windows 7 SP1, Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and higher (and some other OSes). 5288: 3636: 1873:

for a set-top box also failed to materialize. Unable to generate interest within the television industry, the company was rolled back into Sun.

8045: 1780:. They aimed to develop new technology for programming next-generation smart appliances, which Sun expected to offer major new opportunities. 1149:

interoperability (Google's preferred language for Android, its JVM, over Java, which is also still supported there and it previously promoted)

2893: 2889:, so it is suggested that consumers disable it. Security alerts from Oracle announce schedules of critical security-related patches to Java. 1787:

with limited resources, they decided that C++ needed too much memory and that its complexity led to developer errors. The language's lack of

796:, formerly Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) and Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), is a set of specifications, extending 8851: 7358: 1271:). This memory is subdivided into (two) Survivors spaces where the objects that survived the first and next garbage collections are stored. 5777: 207: 188: 170: 152: 129: 7171: 4957: 2106: 1710:

First version of Java programming language, introduced object-oriented programming and bytecode in Java, which made Java cross-platform

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Java runs on more than 850 million personal computers worldwide, and on billions of devices worldwide, including mobile and TV devices.

3746: 3706: 3594: 3285: 2127:. This became the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included 942:), a configuration tool, and—until its discontinuation in JDK 9—a browser plug-in. It is the most common Java environment installed on 8668: 8040: 5628: 3255: 2237:. This version developed under JSR 336. It added many small language changes including strings in switch, try-with-resources and 1115:– a fully Java-interoperable, Java-syntax-compatible, static and dynamic language with features from Python, Ruby, Perl, and Smalltalk 8811: 3452: 2984: 1175: 1014:

reusable functions commonly found in modern operating systems. Most of the system library is also written in Java. For instance, the

642:, converts intermediate bytecode into native machine code on the fly. The Java platform also includes an extensive set of libraries. 8080: 8075: 8070: 8060: 8055: 8050: 7638: 5157: 4531: 1061:

that target the JVM. Some of these are for existing languages, while others are for extensions to the Java language. These include:

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and as part of the core system. Java provides cross platform user interface for some high end collaborative applications such as

1837: 5523: 4495: 4066: 4007: 5962: 2463:, but the system prompts the user to download and install it the first time an application requiring the JRE is launched. Many 1009:(OSs), a large body of reusable code is provided to simplify the programmer's job. This code is typically provided as a set of 626:

The Java platform consists of several programs, each of which provides a portion of its overall capabilities. For example, the

5217: 4765: 8885: 5756: 5496: 2815: 1788: 1283:) was used for class definitions and associated metadata prior to Java 8. Permanent generation was not part of the heap. The 552: 5241:""Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it", DHS-sponsored CERT team says – Naked Security" 4234: 3354: 1831:, the Oak language, the libraries, and the hardware. Their first demonstration, on September 3, 1992, focused on building a 6418: 5892: 4923: 4156: 2224: 2114: 2110: 1951: 3188: 630:, which converts Java source code into Java bytecode (an intermediate language for the JVM), is provided as part of the 9110: 7381: 7216: 5803: 5262: 5240: 3060: 2482: 2068: 1044: 1010: 765: 2896:

encouraging users to disable or uninstall Java. Apple blacklisted Java in limited order for all computers running its

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and alternative libraries that depend on the requirements. Java platforms have been implemented for a wide variety of

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have higher system requirements, i.e. Windows 7 or Server 2012 (and web browser minimum certified is upped to

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programming language and is part of the Java software-platform family. Java SE defines a range of general-purpose

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desktop (supported by Java 8, but not officially by later versions, such as Java 11) desktop computer

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The team originally considered using C++, but rejected it for several reasons. Because they were developing an

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that was incompatible with the Java specification. It was discontinued 2007, and support for it ended in 2015.

1179: 821: 524: 520: 4253: 3764: 2191:. It was bundled with a database manager and facilitates the use of scripting languages with the JVM (such as 8897: 8372: 8232: 7206: 6366: 6276: 6261: 4813: 1138: 1132: 1112: 1075: 540: 492: 480: 476: 5738: 4433: 2684:

created a completely free and highly usable JDK by replacing encumbered code with either stubs or code from

9131: 7146: 7007: 6291: 5997: 5719: 4220: 3018: 2854:, such as accessing the local filesystem, running arbitrary commands, or accessing communication networks. 2700: 2313: 2056: 1162: 1089: 963: 544: 496: 4130: 3232: 1861:, Firstperson changed their target and responded with a proposal for a set-top box platform. However, the 9023: 8939: 7602: 7325: 6933: 6430: 6246: 6126: 5359:"Java and unsigned int, unsigned short, unsigned byte, unsigned long, etc. (Or rather, the lack thereof)" 4690: 4513: 3162: 2946: 2866: 2696: 2250: 2148: 2002: 1814: 1806: 1146: 1122: 1106: 1100: 988: 889: 761: 745: 600: 484: 452: 441: 222: 111: 31: 5839: 5650: 5094: 4852: 2740:

were added to Java 5.0, there was already a large framework of classes (many of which were already

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and Mike Sheridan joining Naughton. Together with other engineers, they began work in a small office on

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The Java platform is a suite of programs that facilitate developing and running programs written in the

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On November 13, 2006, Sun Microsystems made the bulk of its implementation of Java available under the

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industry felt that their platform gave too much control to the user, so Firstperson lost their bid to

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typically reported Java as being about 50% slower than C (a language which compiles to native code).

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By the summer of 1992, the team could demonstrate portions of the new platform, including the Green

9090: 8209: 7389: 7330: 7089: 7084: 6874: 3494:"Differences between Java EE and Java SE - Your First Cup: An Introduction to the Java EE Platform" 2765: 2566: 2277: 2088: 1734: 1185: 1165:– a multi-paradigm programming language with non-Java compatible syntax designed as a "better Java" 978:, which includes an open source virtual machine incompatible with the JVM specification. (Instead, 857: 809: 773: 639: 635: 620: 504: 230: 2569:

to be considered open source or free software, and Sun Java was therefore a proprietary platform.

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runtime as the default virtual machine, negating the need to download the proprietary Oracle JRE.

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This article is about a software platform. For the software package downloaded from java.com, see

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about as fast as native programs. Since JRE version 1.2, Sun's JVM implementation has included a

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and dropped the ".0" from the version number. Other major changes include support for pluggable

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licensing scheme, was 9.0.4. Since Java Platform SE 9, the whole platform also was grouped into

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In 2014 and responding to then-recent Java security and vulnerability issues, security blogger

2562: 2060: 1997: 1777: 1093: 702: 8863: 5292: 4965: 4740: 4393:"The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 336" 4345:"The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 176" 1078:– an object-oriented, strongly- and statically-typed programming language with an emphasis on 8970: 8521: 8009: 7803: 7607: 7130: 7048: 6238: 6167: 5331: 4938: 4301:"The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 59" 4279:"The Java Community Process(SM) Program - JSRs: Java Specification Requests - detail JSR# 63" 2989: 2541: 2439:

According to Oracle in 2010, the Java Runtime Environment was found on over 850 million PCs.

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partial Java implementations, the large size of the Sun libraries combined with the use of

2444: 2291: 2264: 2246:. Java 7 Update 76 was released in January 2015, with expiration date April 14, 2015. 1989: 1983: 1910: 1854: 1344:

A Long Term Support (LTS) release, has several enhancements, provides pattern matching for

1317: 947: 885: 877: 834: 631: 460: 409: 335: 5573:"Why and How to Disable Java on Your Computer Now - Technology & science - Innovation" 3493: 962:

that ship with a JVM are most likely to include a JVM meant to run applications targeting

487:. In addition, several languages have been designed to run natively on the JVM, including 8: 9075: 8102: 6977: 6945: 6908: 4455: 3878:"Frequently Asked Questions about Garbage Collection in the Hotspot Java Virtual Machine" 3814: 3332: 2918: 2828:

relative to native compilers has in some optimized tests been shown to be quite similar.

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English, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish

5474: 5358: 3546: 1849:. The Firstperson team had an interest in building highly interactive devices, and when 1109:– a general-purpose JVM-based programming language released under the Apache License 2.0 689:(Standard Edition): For general-purpose use on desktop PCs, servers and similar devices. 440:, which are less common than standalone Java applications, were commonly run in secure, 9085: 8894: 8710: 8704: 8579: 8400: 8348: 8310: 7981: 7958: 7912: 7907: 7845: 7708: 7550: 7522: 7517: 7430: 7094: 6357: 6347: 6157: 6147: 5821: 4831: 4593: 4567: 4257: 3959: 3519: 3431: 3406: 3115: 3088: 3042: 2979: 2861:

On August 31, 2012, Java 6 and 7 (both supported back then) on Microsoft Windows,

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environments to provide many features of native applications through being embedded in

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Sun released the Java HotSpot virtual machine and compiler as free software under the

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environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE).

8699: 8449: 8305: 8285: 7902: 7484: 7294: 7274: 7229: 4980:"Oracle OpenWorld: UnBreakable Linux / 5015.2 not on the horizon | Formtek Blog" 4109: 4074: 4042: 3740: 3700: 3056: 2954: 2716: 2649: 2585: 2309: 2178: 983: 943: 753: 699: 568: 548: 429: 405: 401: 318: 296: 246: 234: 136: 5045: 3877: 2399:, have evolved, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been 8783: 8480: 8110: 7480: 7309: 7279: 7259: 7053: 6818: 6693: 6565: 6560: 6470: 6397: 6362: 6223: 6182: 4856: 4191: 4134: 4070: 3881: 2964: 2821: 2805: 2731: 2645: 2613: 2448: 2299: 2105:

JVM (the HotSpot JVM was first released in April, 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM),

1866: 1828: 1738: 1730: 1216: 1079: 1006: 935: 735: 572: 325: 292: 241: 70: 5384: 5191: 5001: 4769: 4238: 1799:. Finally, they wanted a platform that would port easily to all types of devices. 8738: 8589: 8441: 8259: 7991: 7774: 7653: 7537: 7264: 7002: 6575: 6570: 6555: 6550: 6387: 6096: 3786: 3598: 2502: 2406:

At least one very rarely-used API (for threading) has been removed from Java 22.

2208: 2010:(JLS) specifies the language; changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901. 1947: 1870: 1784: 967: 604: 588: 536: 421: 299: – while no longer supported freely by Oracle for commercial use) 5023: 4473: 2876:

On January 10, 2013, three computer specialists spoke out against Java, telling

2814:

was implemented in Java 1.3 in 2000) there were some criticisms of performance.

8918: 8470: 8343: 8025: 7729: 7596: 7489: 7186: 6928: 6879: 6775: 6686: 6681: 6639: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6192: 6162: 6142: 6116: 3210: 2673: 2577: 2498: 2238: 2219:

improvements, including native UI enhancements to support the look and feel of

2152: 1935: 1902: 1889:

In June and July 1994 – after three days of brainstorming with

1773: 1304: 1189: 906: 864: 456: 413: 7851: 4715: 4366: 2006:(JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The 9125: 8768: 8617: 8597: 8475: 8413: 8377: 8320: 7999: 7963: 7922: 7793: 7741: 7723: 7579: 7568: 7507: 7445: 7234: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6759: 6676: 6382: 6187: 6152: 6111: 5930: 4100:

High Noon: the inside story of Scott McNealy and the rise of Sun Microsystems

4033:

High Noon: the inside story of Scott McNealy and the rise of Sun Microsystems

3828: 3044:

Mobile Information Device Profile for Java 2 Micro Edition: Developer's Guide

2844: 2831: 2685: 2653: 2621: 2581: 2573: 2460: 2424: 2220: 2166: 2017:

on February 19, 1997. Major additions included an extensive retooling of the

1769: 1750: 955: 840: 813: 627: 603:

programming language. A Java platform includes an execution engine (called a

535:(while some implementations e.g. all currently supported by Oracle, may use 433: 66: 8746: 6392: 6035: 5599:"US Department of Homeland Security Calls On Computer Users To Disable Java" 5266: 5024:"Free but Shackled – The Java Trap – GNU Project – Free Software Foundation" 4665: 4640: 4615: 4589: 2517: 9059: 8778: 8658: 8465: 8035: 8004: 7861: 7648: 7545: 7475: 7415: 7239: 6859: 6671: 6666: 6582: 6525: 5947: 5761: 4186: 3427: 3137: 2825: 2549: 2474:

Some Java applications are in fairly widespread desktop use, including the

2452: 2392: 2227:(JPDA) & JVM Tool Interface for better monitoring and troubleshooting. 2084: 2080: 1915: 1898: 1894: 1845:, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sun Microsystems, and the team relocated to 1200: 1015: 951: 584: 580: 425: 5895:

was created from a revision of this article dated 19 August 2013

5778:"A close look at how Oracle installs deceptive software with Java updates" 4415: 4392: 4344: 4278: 1988:

The Java language has undergone several changes since the release of JDK (

695:(Enterprise Edition): Java SE plus various APIs which are useful for 9054: 8955: 8825: 8643: 8638: 8564: 8394: 8290: 8195: 8175: 8147: 8094: 8030: 7820: 7657: 7643: 7556: 7410: 7191: 7115: 6972: 6869: 6713: 6698: 6091: 5176: 5002:"Oracle and Sun Microsystems | Strategic Acquisitions | Oracle" 4300: 2904: 2741: 2703:

tests and can claim to be a fully compatible Java 6 implementation.

2660: 2400: 2022: 1906: 1858: 1850: 971: 805: 680: 516: 500: 437: 4827: 1958:

browsers, even after JVM support has been dropped from them, using e.g.

8923: 8830: 8820: 8728: 8648: 8405: 8295: 8152: 7885: 7764: 7470: 7304: 7063: 7027: 6992: 6950: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6718: 6612: 6607: 6281: 6009: 5332:"Java libraries should provide support for unsigned integer arithmetic" 2272: 2192: 2174: 1156: 959: 793: 787: 692: 670: 472: 77: 61: 35: 5674:"Emergency patch for Java fails to fix cybercrime holes, warn experts" 2865:, and Linux were found to have a serious security flaw that allowed a 2403:(thereof some "terminally deprecated"), e.g. related to finalization. 839:

The heart of the Java platform is the "virtual machine" that executes

8993: 8607: 8574: 8541: 8511: 8353: 8269: 8190: 7841: 7798: 7790: 7785: 7718: 7633: 7612: 7574: 7561: 7425: 7196: 7079: 7022: 6849: 6651: 6592: 6587: 6251: 6015: 5941: 5475:"C++ vs Java performance; It's a tie! | Blog of Christian Felde" 5129: 4979: 4161: 4004:"Is there any protection against Java exploits? | Kaspersky Lab" 2440: 2318: 1931: 1890: 1741:

had become increasingly frustrated with the state of Sun's C++ and C

1721: 1544:, included expanded exception handling, new file I/O library (NIO.2) 1065: 662: 512: 390: 6425: 3453:

Moving to OpenJDK as the official Java SE 7 Reference Implementation

2940: 2824:

has improved substantially since the early versions. Performance of

2603: 2043:. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded 2000:(JCP) has governed the evolution of the Java Language. The JCP uses 982:'s Android development tools take Java programs as input and output 9038: 9028: 8720: 8602: 8556: 8536: 8526: 8423: 8358: 8300: 8180: 8157: 8142: 7973: 7870: 7855: 7835: 7826: 7751: 7736: 7499: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7420: 7284: 7269: 7224: 7181: 7120: 6884: 6854: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6661: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6439: 4416:"JSRs: Java Specification Requests: JSR 166: Concurrency Utilities" 3955: 3479: 3463: 2791: 2782: 2486: 2475: 2026: 1943: 1862: 1802: 1054: 974:

that run Java apps are most likely to do so through support of the

464: 386: 2764:

types. Unsigned data are often generated from programs written in

2632:

said that the company was set to announce the release of the core

2419: 9033: 8773: 8612: 8338: 8217: 8185: 7584: 7450: 7201: 7017: 6997: 6962: 6739: 6708: 6602: 6597: 6515: 6321: 6256: 6197: 6177: 6172: 6121: 6060: 6025: 5697:"Oracle issues fix for Java exploit after DHS warns of its holes" 4794: 4219:(Press release). Sun Microsystems. 9 January 1996. Archived from 3615: 3567: 3163:"Oracle JDK 8 and JRE 8 Certified System Configurations Contents" 2974: 2877: 2851: 2692: 2681: 2652:

called the initial press announcement, "A real milestone for the

2617: 2598: 2537: 2533: 2468: 2396: 2212: 2196: 1920: 1204: 1085: 897: 797: 769: 731: 686: 676: 488: 3611: 1483:(var), allows declaring local variables without specifying type 50: 8988: 8960: 8893: 8801: 8793: 8653: 8569: 8531: 8315: 8249: 8137: 7759: 7703: 7693: 7662: 7628: 7299: 6326: 6271: 6101: 6070: 5143: 3308:"Why should I uninstall older versions of Java from my system?" 3278:"Why should I uninstall older versions of Java from my system?" 2969: 2628:, and on October 25, 2006, at the Oracle OpenWorld conference, 2526: 2494: 2295: 2203:

engine). As of this version, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with

1729:

The Java platform and language began as an internal project at

1128: 1069: 979: 696: 666: 9080: 8965: 8494: 8274: 7866: 7713: 7698: 7589: 7527: 7440: 7435: 7393: 7151: 7012: 6955: 6938: 6923: 6839: 6734: 6520: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6266: 5933:

about the origins of Java, from the JVM Languages Summit 2008

4860: 3476:"Java Platform, Standard Edition 8 Reference Implementations" 3110: 3083: 2897: 2862: 2076: 1959: 1901: – the team re-targeted the platform for the 1118: 910: 619:

and operating systems with a view to enable Java programs to

508: 286: 282: 278: 274: 254: 250: 226: 5804:"windows 7 - How do I update Java from a non-admin account?" 3860: 3355:"Homeland Security warns to disable Java amid zero-day flaw" 2497:

mathematics programming environment, both for rendering the

2249:

In June 2016, after the last public update of Java 7, "

1881: 915:

Oracle's primary implementation of the JVMS is known as the

455:

is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed as

8760: 8622: 8546: 8254: 7940: 7289: 6967: 6844: 6823: 4496:"java - installing JDK8 on Windows XP - advapi32.dll error" 3464:

Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 Reference Implementations

2490: 2456: 2433: 2243: 2144: 2132: 2051:) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE ( 1893:(the Director of Science for Sun), Gosling, Joy, Naughton, 1754: 1749:

project was handled by the organization. Naughton informed

1746: 654:

Different platforms target different classes of device and

445: 2789:), certain features are not supported even when using the 1813:, he proposed to Sun that its engineers should produce an 966:

of the Java platform. Meanwhile, most modern smartphones,

665:: A technology that allows small Java-based applications ( 350: 8516: 8120: 7058: 5520:"Java security flaw: yada yada yada | Computerworld" 2672:

but these were released as open-source later by Sun (see

2253:" security bugs in Java 6, 7, and 8 were announced. 2216: 2140: 1393:

as preview features, enhancing string and class handling

1142: 749: 576: 416:

computing environment. Java is used in a wide variety of

270: 4514:"Oracle JDK 8 and JRE 8 Certified System Configurations" 1620:, new set of I/O APIs named NIO (New Input/Output), new 7380: 3157: 3155: 2636:

as free and open source software within 30 to 60 days.

5822:"Update Google Chrome - Computer - Google Chrome Help" 2869:

to take place by simply loading a malicious web page.

1733:

in December 1990, providing an alternative to the C++/

1188:

concept has led to other similar efforts, notably the

1068:– a lightweight scripting language for Java (see also 5385:"How Java's Floating-Point Hurts Everyone Everywhere" 4237:. Sun Microsystems. November 13, 2006. Archived from 2900:

operating system through a virus protection program.

2298:

compatibility for all platforms, i.e. only Oracle's "

2263:. Notable changes include language-level support for 1824:, after the tree that stood just outside his office. 4434:"Java™ SE Development Kit 7 Update 76 Release Notes" 3982:"What Is Java, Is It Insecure, and Should I Use It?" 3348: 3346: 3152: 2936: 848:. There is a JIT (Just In Time) compiler within the 824:

and management of the components they are deploying.

820:, which handle transactions, security, scalability, 800:

with specifications for enterprise features such as

2744:), so generics were chosen to be implemented using 1260:

that are created and immediately garbage collected.

1145:(and non-JVM, for e.g. desktop and iOS) with full 4254:"OpenJDK7 and OpenJDK6 Binary Plugs Logic Removed" 4217:"Sun Microsystems announces formation of JavaSoft" 4097: 4030: 4006:. Kaspersky.com. September 9, 2013. Archived from 3076: 3041: 2548:), they released the Duke graphics under the free 467:are also available for other languages, including 372: 363: 3343: 3327: 3325: 3103: 511:, but object-oriented features are modeled after 9123: 2087:was released, and Sun's JVM was equipped with a 4939:"The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time" 4766:"What is Java technology and why do I need it?" 4532:"Oracle JDK 10 Certified System Configurations" 4060: 4058: 3540: 3538: 3536: 2455:. Apple no longer includes a Java runtime with 2101:. Notable changes included the bundling of the 1199:.NET included a Java-like language first named 543:instead) and all variables of object types are 5192:"Bundling a jre · libgdx/libgdx Wiki · GitHub" 3829:"A Guide to Java 9 Modularity | Baeldung" 3801:"Java 9 Structural Changes in the JDK and JRE" 3322: 2850:features and APIs which could be exploited by 2079:interoperability), and the integration of the 1946:conference. Accompanying Gage's announcement, 1905:. They felt that with the advent of graphical 1745:(APIs) and tools, as well as with the way the 8879: 7366: 6455: 5963: 5383:Kahan, W.; Darcy, Joseph D. (March 1, 1998). 3256:"Java Was Strongly Influenced by Objective-C" 2894:United States Department of Homeland Security 2787:Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic 2648:, this would mean an end to the "Java trap". 2302:Java virtual machines (JVMs) are certified". 1965: 1263:Objects that persist longer are moved to the 5977: 5739:"Java Is No Longer Needed. Pull The Plug-In" 5651:"Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts" 5575:. NBC News. January 12, 2013. Archived from 4055: 3533: 3039: 2772: 2259:(March 18, 2014) – Codename 1764:The Stealth Project was soon renamed to the 1753:about his plan of leaving Sun and moving to 7172:Common Development and Distribution License 5315:"Java and Scala's Type Systems are Unsound" 4924:"Oracle JDK Releases for Java 11 and Later" 2561:not satisfy the requirements of either the 2308:LTS was released September 2018, the first 2294:or other web browsers), and Oracle dropped 923: 16:Set of computer software and specifications 8886: 8872: 7893: 7373: 7359: 6907: 6462: 6448: 5970: 5956: 5769: 5431:"Which programming languages are fastest?" 5382: 4251: 3956:"JEP 122: Remove the Permanent Generation" 3901: 3899: 3870: 3333:"Oracle Critical Patch Update - July 2016" 3033: 1237:is the area of memory used by the JVM for 334:version 2 with classpath exception, and a 5736: 5522:. Blogs.computerworld.com. Archived from 5423: 4157:"So why did they decide to call it Java?" 4095: 4028: 3905: 3601:, Willie Walker, Paul Lamere, Philip Kwok 3549:. Graphics and Immersive Technology Lab, 3352: 3040:Ortiz, C. Enrique; Giguère, Éric (2001). 2985:Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms 2755: 2695:6 (as the packaged version of OpenJDK on 2572:While several third-party projects (e.g. 1563:, provided JDBC 4.0 with SQL XML support 1176:Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms 5903:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5886: 5517: 5214:"Question about bundling custom OpenJDK" 5170: 5092: 4936: 3544: 2602: 2516: 2418: 1880: 1805:had envisioned a new language combining 1720: 1082:(and is no longer maintained since 2023) 551:is handled through integrated automatic 385: 8056:Visual Studio Express for Windows Phone 5737:Gonsalves, Antone (September 5, 2012). 5720:"Good Riddance to Oracle's Java Plugin" 5265:. Object Computing, Inc. Archived from 4128: 3896: 2083:graphical API into the core classes. A 870: 828: 567:released in March 2024, and the latest 479:(Google's preferred Android language), 9124: 5671: 5497:"Java Security Architecture: Contents" 5289:"What's Wrong With Java: Type Erasure" 5238: 5189: 4154: 3933:Nutter, Charles (September 11, 2008). 3932: 3745:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3705:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 3288:from the original on February 12, 2018 3211:"OpenJDK: GPLv2 + Classpath Exception" 2873:was later found to be flawed as well. 2810:In the early days of Java (before the 1498:(JPMS) for modularizing applications, 1374:for enhanced data modelling abilities 649: 8867: 7354: 6443: 5951: 5717: 5694: 5518:Horowitz, Michael (August 31, 2012). 5356: 4921: 4811: 4064: 3908:"Presenting the Permanent Generation" 3663:"Java CPU and PSU Releases Explained" 3587: 3585: 3562: 3560: 3375: 1876: 808:. Jakarta EE applications are run on 715:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 8898:free and open-source software (FOSS) 6469: 4955: 4922:Smith, Donald (September 11, 2018). 4897:"Future Tech Duke (The Java Source)" 4456:"Java 7 and Java 8 Releases by Date" 4184: 4129:Walrath, Kathy (December 21, 2001). 3906:Masamitsu, Jon (November 28, 2006). 3568:"The Java Faster than C++ Benchmark" 3353:Whittaker, Zack (January 11, 2013). 3253: 2691:In June 2008, it was announced that 1663:Java String memory map for constants 1468:, removed Java EE and CORBA modules 1244:In HotSpot the heap is divided into 1228: 1169: 638:(JRE), complementing the JVM with a 7382:Integrated development environments 5929: – Presentation by 5357:Owens, Sean R. (November 5, 2009). 5336:Bug Database, Sun Developer Network 5239:Cluley, Graham (January 15, 2013). 4812:Topic, Dalibor (January 27, 2016). 4413: 3007: 2485:, and file sharing clients such as 2483:integrated development environments 2225:Java Platform Debugger Architecture 2115:Java Platform Debugger Architecture 2111:Java Naming and Directory Interface 2053:Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition 1952:Netscape Communications Corporation 1644:Java Platform Debugger Architecture 1640:Java Naming and Directory Interface 404:and specifications that provides a 13: 9111:Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. 5873: 5718:Krebs, Brian (February 16, 2016). 5695:Kelly, Meghan (January 14, 2013). 5625:"The first stop for security news" 5547:"The first stop for security news" 5499:. Docs.oracle.com. October 2, 1998 5291:. December 6, 2006. Archived from 5046:"Sun 'releases' Java to the World" 4964:. Sun Microsystems. Archived from 4937:Stallman, Richard (May 24, 2006). 4067:"Java Technology: The Early Years" 3984:. Lifehacker.com. January 14, 2013 3592:FreeTTS – A Performance Case Study 3582: 3557: 1977: 1743:application programming interfaces 994: 786:This paragraph is an excerpt from 766:Java Virtual Machine Specification 730:for development and deployment of 175:11.0.17 LTS (October 18, 2022 157:17.0.6 LTS (February 18, 2023 14: 9153: 5854: 5622: 5544: 5457:Computer Language Benchmarks Game 5435:Computer Language Benchmarks Game 5216:. Java-Gaming.org. Archived from 4155:Murphy, Kieron (4 October 1996). 3551:University of Southern California 3213:. Openjdk.java.net. April 1, 1989 2381:LTS was released September 2023. 2357:LTS was released September 2021. 2049:Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 1053:Third parties have produced many 673:and similar small-memory devices. 558: 6424: 6413: 6412: 6034: 5885: 5832: 5814: 5796: 5775: 5749: 5730: 5711: 5688: 5672:Finkle, Jim (January 14, 2013). 5665: 5643: 5616: 5591: 5565: 5538: 5511: 5489: 5477:. Blog.cfelde.com. June 27, 2010 5467: 5445: 5401: 5376: 5350: 5324: 5307: 5171:Sharples, Rich (June 19, 2008). 4716:"Remove Thread.countStackFrames" 4564:"Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap" 4414:Lea, Doug (September 13, 2004). 4185:Bank, David (December 1, 1995). 3935:"A First Taste of InvokeDynamic" 3547:"Performance of Java versus C++" 3496:. Docs.oracle.com. April 1, 2012 2939: 2924: 2885:and it is unclear if it affects 2799: 2592: 2161:(September 30, 2004) – Codename 1926:Sun renamed the Oak language to 1737:programming languages. Engineer 1311: 876:This section is an excerpt from 539:optimization to allocate on the 194:8u401 LTS (January 16, 2024 49: 6431:Computer programming portal 5281: 5255: 5232: 5206: 5183: 5173:"Java is finally Free and Open" 5164: 5150: 5136: 5122: 5108: 5093:Wielaard, Mark (May 30, 2007). 5086: 5074:. Sun Microsystems. May 8, 2007 5064: 5038: 5016: 4994: 4982:. Formtek.com. October 26, 2006 4972: 4949: 4930: 4915: 4889: 4875: 4845: 4820: 4805: 4787: 4758: 4733: 4708: 4683: 4658: 4633: 4608: 4582: 4556: 4524: 4506: 4488: 4466: 4448: 4426: 4407: 4385: 4359: 4337: 4315: 4293: 4271: 4252:O'Hair, Kelly (December 2010). 4245: 4227: 4209: 4178: 4148: 4122: 4089: 4022: 3996: 3974: 3948: 3926: 3853: 3835: 3821: 3807: 3793: 3779: 3753: 3713: 3673: 3655: 3629: 3604: 3545:Lewis, J. P.; Neumann, Ulrich. 3508: 3486: 3468: 3457: 3446: 3420: 3395: 3369: 3300: 3270: 3247: 3017:(Press release). Archived from 2187:(December 11, 2006) – Codename 1464:An LTS release, introduced new 1141:– a programming language for a 724:Java Platform, Standard Edition 717:Java Platform, Standard Edition 611:; there may also be additional 21:Java Platform, Standard Edition 6136:Major third-party technologies 5409:"Types, Values, and Variables" 4691:"Deprecated List (Java SE 22)" 3761:"Understanding Java 9 Modules" 3225: 3203: 3181: 3130: 2414: 2123:(February 6, 2002) – Codename 2073:interface description language 2057:Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition 2039:(December 8, 1998) – Codename 1950:, Executive Vice President of 1574:Significant release, included 1210: 1011:dynamically loadable libraries 1: 7854:(aka Espresso, superseded by 7207:Open Source University Meetup 7116:Sun Microsystems Laboratories 6367:Sun Microsystems Laboratories 5921:"How The JVM Spec Came To Be" 5757:"Java: should you remove it?" 4899:. Tori Wieldt. Archived from 4814:"Moving to a plugin-free web" 4037:. New York : Wiley. pp. 3570:. Kano.net. November 14, 2003 3189:"Java SE 7 Supported Locales" 3000: 2838: 2633: 2369:was released September 2022. 2345:was released September 2020. 2333:was released September 2019. 2047:and the version name "J2SE" ( 1481:Local-Variable Type Inference 1431:, reimplementation of legacy 780: 8046:Visual Web Developer Express 5627:. Threatpost. Archived from 5549:. Threatpost. Archived from 5095:"OpenJDK6 b10 source posted" 4795:"Java - Fedora Project Wiki" 4104:. New York : Wiley. p. 3428:"Java SE 6 Release Contents" 2710: 2701:Technology Compatibility Kit 2620:2006 that Java would become 2555: 2423:A Java program running on a 2059:). Major additions included 1184:The success of Java and its 1034: 7: 7603:Rational Software Architect 7326:The Network is the Computer 5944:, May 14, 2014, Java77 Blog 5453:"speed ÷ C++ GNU g++ speed" 5190:libgdx (December 9, 2013). 4547:Only X.org Mode supported. 3235:. Oracle.com. April 2, 2013 2947:Computer programming portal 2932: 2725: 2493:. Java is also used in the 2233:(July 28, 2011) – Codename 2008:Java Language Specification 2003:Java Specification Requests 1667:Just In Time (JIT) compiler 1634:Included new Sun JVM named 1496:Java Platform Module System 1294: 888:(JDK) is a distribution of 863:Although Java programs are 860:instead of an interpreter. 762:Java Language Specification 640:just-in-time (JIT) compiler 607:), a compiler and a set of 594: 116:22.0.1 (April 19, 2024 32:Java (programming language) 10: 9158: 6526:SPARCstation/server/center 6343:Apache Software Foundation 5243:. Nakedsecurity.sophos.com 2842: 2803: 2729: 2714: 2641:GNU General Public License 2596: 2546:GNU General Public License 2540:would be released under a 2223:, and improvements to the 2031:Java Database Connectivity 1996:. Since J2SE 1.4 the 1981: 1972:GNU General Public License 1966:GNU General Public License 1869:. An additional deal with 1833:personal digital assistant 1716: 1557:Scripting Language Support 1513:Major release, introduced 1315: 1214: 1173: 1038: 998: 946:in the laptop and desktop 927: 875: 832: 785: 714: 709: 332:GNU General Public License 29: 18: 9103: 9068: 9047: 8979: 8948: 8932: 8911: 8904: 8839: 8810: 8792: 8759: 8737: 8719: 8690: 8681: 8631: 8588: 8555: 8502: 8493: 8458: 8440: 8422: 8385: 8371: 8329: 8240: 8231: 8223:R Tools for Visual Studio 8208: 8166: 8128: 8119: 8093: 8018: 7990: 7972: 7949: 7935: 7884: 7812: 7773: 7750: 7684: 7675: 7621: 7536: 7498: 7401: 7388: 7339: 7318: 7252: 7215: 7167: 7160: 7139: 7108: 7072: 7036: 7008:Sun Secure Global Desktop 6916: 6905: 6832: 6727: 6493: 6486: 6477: 6410: 6375: 6335: 6312: 6305: 6237: 6229:Free Java implementations 6206: 6135: 6084: 6043: 6032: 5985: 5840:"Adobe Security Bulletin" 5026:. Gnu.org. April 12, 2004 4853:"duke: Project Home Page" 4476:. Java.com. April 8, 2014 4096:Southwick, Karen (1999). 4065:Byous, Jon (April 2003). 4029:Southwick, Karen (1999). 3843:"Chapter 1. Introduction" 3015:"JavaSoft ships Java 1.0" 2995:List of computing mascots 2911: 2779:floating-point arithmetic 2773:Floating-point arithmetic 2512: 2387:was released March 2024. 2375:was released March 2023. 2363:was released March 2022. 2351:was released March 2021. 2339:was released March 2020. 2327:was released March 2019. 2097:(May 8, 2000) – Codename 1809:and C. In a paper called 1287:was removed from Java 8. 1239:dynamic memory allocation 1235:Java virtual machine heap 1180:Comparison of C# and Java 1101:Lisp programming language 1045:JVM programming languages 930:HotSpot (virtual machine) 917:HotSpot (virtual machine) 453:Java programming language 342: 324: 312: 304: 264: 240: 218: 214: 110: 106: 88: 76: 60: 48: 9091:Oracle VM Server for x86 9009:Java (software platform) 7331:Write once, run anywhere 6875:System Service Processor 5979:Java (software platform) 5937:Java forums organization 4962:Jonathan Schwartz's Blog 3376:Alexander, Christopher. 2567:Free Software Foundation 2532:When Sun announced that 2445:Java Runtime Environment 2409: 2278:Java Runtime Environment 1561:Web Service Enhancements 1521:for better productivity 1404:Introduced new features 1186:write once, run anywhere 976:Android operating system 924:Java Runtime Environment 774:reference implementation 669:) to be run securely on 636:Java Runtime Environment 393:, a Java-powered program 277:, and for old versions: 257:, and for old versions: 139:(September 19, 2023 55:The Java technology logo 44:Java (software platform) 30:Not to be confused with 9137:Cross-platform software 8580:Visual Studio Community 8542:VisualFBEditor / WinFBE 7982:Visual Studio Community 7832:Sun Java Studio Creator 7523:Visual Studio Community 7513:Oracle Developer Studio 6890:Ultra Port Architecture 4883:"Duke, the Java Mascot" 4828:"Duke, the Java Mascot" 4741:"Java SE 22 ( JSR 397)" 4323:"Version 1.5.0 or 5.0?" 2750:migration compatibility 2025:added to the language, 2019:Abstract Window Toolkit 1793:distributed programming 1427:Included enhancements, 1194:Common Language Runtime 760:—and also includes the 703:enterprise applications 519:. Java eschews certain 177:; 23 months ago 159:; 19 months ago 141:; 12 months ago 9014:Maxine Virtual Machine 9004:Image Packaging System 7177:Java Community Process 7044:StorageTek 5800 System 6895:Visual Instruction Set 6353:Java Community Process 6219:Java Community Process 5881: 5861:Listen to this article 5463:on September 26, 2011. 4420:Java Community Process 2960:Java logging framework 2756:Unsigned integer types 2610: 2563:Open Source Initiative 2522: 2428: 1998:Java Community Process 1886: 1778:Menlo Park, California 1726: 1502:interactive Java REPL 744:The platform uses the 563:The latest version is 555:performed by the JVM. 527:and has a very simple 412:and deploying it in a 394: 291:(Java 8 includes 196:; 8 months ago 118:; 5 months ago 94:; 28 years ago 23:. For other uses, see 8971:Oracle NoSQL Database 8933:Programming languages 8522:Microsoft Small Basic 7131:Project Looking Glass 6085:Platform technologies 5880: 4772:on September 25, 2010 4474:"Windows XP and Java" 3482:on November 21, 2015. 3434:and/or its affiliates 3053:John Wiley & Sons 2990:List of JVM languages 2843:Further information: 2804:Further information: 2730:Further information: 2674:OpenJDK Class library 2606: 2542:free software license 2520: 2422: 1934:search revealed that 1884: 1847:Palo Alto, California 1724: 1659:Collections Framework 1041:List of JVM languages 909:operating system and 858:just-in-time compiler 802:distributed computing 533:allocated on the heap 503:borrows heavily from 389: 92:January 23, 1996 25:Java (disambiguation) 8669:Visual Basic Express 8041:Visual Basic Express 7090:Visualization System 7085:Constellation System 6214:Java version history 6066:Java virtual machine 6056:Java Development Kit 5912:More spoken articles 5579:on February 21, 2014 4956:Schwartz, Jonathan. 4596:. September 25, 2018 4570:. September 25, 2018 4551:mode is unsupported. 3669:on November 3, 2014. 3378:"Java SE 6 Advanced" 2781:is largely based on 2630:Jonathan I. Schwartz 2626:open-source software 2608:Jonathan I. Schwartz 2292:Internet Explorer 11 2251:remotely exploitable 2091:for the first time. 1990:Java Development Kit 1984:Java version history 1855:request for proposal 1699:for database access 1416:as preview features 1318:Java version history 1285:permanent generation 1277:permanent generation 1103:on the Java platform 886:Java Development Kit 878:Java Development Kit 871:Java Development Kit 850:Java Virtual Machine 835:Java virtual machine 829:Java virtual machine 632:Java Development Kit 461:Java virtual machine 410:application software 9132:Computing platforms 9076:Java Desktop System 8103:Adobe Flash Builder 8081:Express for Windows 8071:Express for Desktop 6978:Java Desktop System 6044:Oracle technologies 5765:. February 8, 2013. 5441:on August 14, 2011. 5072:"Open JDK is here!" 5052:. November 13, 2006 3803:. October 30, 2017. 3266:on August 13, 2012. 3254:Naughton, Patrick. 3021:on February 5, 2008 2465:Linux distributions 2129:regular expressions 2075:implementation for 2021:(AWT) event model, 1835:(PDA) device named 1614:Regular Expressions 1584:Autoboxing/Unboxing 1256:stores short-lived 818:application servers 656:application domains 650:Application domains 523:constructs such as 418:computing platforms 45: 9086:Oracle Grid Engine 8705:Visual Studio Code 8349:Visual Studio Code 8311:Visual Studio Code 8061:Visual C++ Express 7959:Visual Studio Code 7908:Visual Studio Code 7726:Community Edition 7639:Visual C++ Express 7518:Visual Studio Code 6865:Modular Datacenter 6480:Acquired by Oracle 6358:Oracle Corporation 6348:Eclipse Foundation 5882: 5826:support.google.com 5411:. Sun Microsystems 5269:on January 2, 2007 5263:"Generics in Java" 4903:on August 20, 2011 4594:Oracle Corporation 4568:Oracle Corporation 4258:Oracle Corporation 3962:. December 4, 2012 3960:Oracle Corporation 3914:on August 25, 2016 3884:. February 6, 2003 3767:on August 14, 2022 3727:on August 10, 2022 3687:on August 14, 2022 3643:on August 14, 2022 3597:2009-03-25 at the 3520:Oracle Corporation 3516:"Java EE Overview" 3432:Oracle Corporation 3407:Oracle Corporation 3403:"Java SE Overview" 3140:. Openjdk.java.net 3116:Oracle Corporation 3089:Oracle Corporation 2980:Java ConcurrentMap 2822:Java's performance 2760:Java lacks native 2611: 2586:clean room methods 2523: 2443:has not bundled a 2429: 2312:release since the 2276:fully functioning 2265:lambda expressions 2137:exception chaining 1887: 1877:Java meets the Web 1789:garbage collection 1727: 1671:Swing API for GUIs 1618:Exception Chaining 1534:try-with-resources 1515:Lambda Expressions 1453:garbage collector 1447:switch expressions 1269:tenured generation 1001:Java Class Library 944:personal computers 940:Java Class Library 894:Oracle Corporation 846:forward compatible 810:reference runtimes 758:Java Class Library 728:computing platform 553:garbage collection 531:where objects are 430:enterprise servers 395: 83:Oracle Corporation 62:Original author(s) 43: 9119: 9118: 9099: 9098: 9048:Operating systems 8982:development tools 8861: 8860: 8755: 8754: 8677: 8676: 8489: 8488: 8367: 8366: 8204: 8203: 8089: 8088: 8066:Visual C# Express 8051:Visual J# Express 7931: 7930: 7880: 7879: 7671: 7670: 7348: 7347: 7295:Procom Technology 7275:Lighthouse Design 7248: 7247: 7230:Andy Bechtolsheim 7049:StorageTek SL8500 6903: 6902: 6780:UltraSPARC III Cu 6657:Blade workstation 6437: 6436: 6406: 6405: 5942:Java Introduction 5878: 5745:. Wearable World. 5179:on June 20, 2008. 4968:on July 15, 2006. 4799:fedoraproject.org 3831:. April 18, 2018. 3637:"BCL for Java SE" 3233:"BCL For Java SE" 2955:List of Java APIs 2717:Criticism of Java 2699:) has passed the 2659:Sun released the 2650:Mark Shuttleworth 2449:operating systems 1714: 1713: 1580:Enhanced for Loop 1519:Date and Time API 1267:(also called the 1229:Generational heap 1170:Similar platforms 1007:operating systems 569:long-term support 549:Memory management 463:(JVM); byte code 406:software platform 402:computer software 384: 383: 319:Software platform 300: 247:Microsoft Windows 235:assembly language 9149: 8909: 8908: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8865: 8864: 8784:Powerflasher FDT 8688: 8687: 8500: 8499: 8432:Delphi Community 8383: 8382: 8238: 8237: 8126: 8125: 8111:Powerflasher FDT 7947: 7946: 7891: 7890: 7682: 7681: 7399: 7398: 7375: 7368: 7361: 7352: 7351: 7280:Montalvo Systems 7260:Afara Websystems 7165: 7164: 6911: 6704:Java Workstation 6694:SPARC Enterprise 6491: 6490: 6471:Sun Microsystems 6464: 6457: 6450: 6441: 6440: 6429: 6428: 6416: 6415: 6398:Patrick Naughton 6363:Sun Microsystems 6310: 6309: 6224:Sun Microsystems 6117:Web Start (JNLP) 6038: 5972: 5965: 5958: 5949: 5948: 5928: 5902: 5900: 5889: 5888: 5879: 5869: 5867: 5862: 5848: 5847: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5676:. Independent.ie 5669: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5631:on April 9, 2013 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5553:on March 8, 2013 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5526:on July 24, 2014 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5459:. Archived from 5449: 5443: 5442: 5437:. Archived from 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5295:on July 22, 2012 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5220:on March 4, 2016 5210: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5175:. Archived from 5168: 5162: 5161: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4863:on June 18, 2007 4859:. Archived from 4857:Sun Microsystems 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4777: 4768:. Archived from 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4720:bugs.openjdk.org 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4544: 4542: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4241:on May 13, 2008. 4235:"Sun Opens Java" 4231: 4225: 4224: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4199: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4135:Sun Microsystems 4126: 4120: 4119: 4103: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4073:. Archived from 4071:Sun Microsystems 4062: 4053: 4052: 4036: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4010:on April 4, 2015 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3910:. Archived from 3903: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3882:Sun Microsystems 3874: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3763:. Archived from 3757: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3723:. Archived from 3717: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3683:. Archived from 3677: 3671: 3670: 3665:. Archived from 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3639:. Archived from 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3608: 3602: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3542: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3478:. Archived from 3472: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3329: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3262:. Archived from 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3050: 3047: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011: 2965:Java performance 2949: 2944: 2943: 2888: 2884: 2872: 2806:Java performance 2794: 2762:unsigned integer 2732:Generics in Java 2646:Richard Stallman 2139:, an integrated 1739:Patrick Naughton 1731:Sun Microsystems 1542:Diamond Operator 1538:Switch on String 1410:pattern matching 1368:pattern matching 1322: 1321: 1254:young generation 1217:Java performance 1029: 1025: 968:tablet computers 936:standard library 776:since version 7. 772:is the official 623:on all of them. 422:embedded devices 377: 374: 368: 365: 359: 356: 354: 352: 290: 289:(up to Java 14) 242:Operating system 210: 204: 202: 197: 191: 185: 183: 178: 173: 167: 165: 160: 155: 149: 147: 142: 132: 126: 124: 119: 102: 100: 95: 71:Sun Microsystems 53: 46: 42: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9095: 9064: 9043: 8981: 8975: 8944: 8928: 8900: 8892: 8862: 8857: 8835: 8806: 8788: 8751: 8733: 8715: 8673: 8627: 8584: 8551: 8485: 8454: 8436: 8418: 8376: 8363: 8325: 8227: 8200: 8162: 8115: 8085: 8076:Express for Web 8014: 7986: 7968: 7927: 7876: 7844:(superseded by 7834:(superseded by 7808: 7769: 7746: 7667: 7654:Borland Turbo C 7617: 7532: 7494: 7384: 7379: 7349: 7344: 7335: 7314: 7265:Cobalt Networks 7244: 7211: 7156: 7135: 7104: 7068: 7032: 6912: 6899: 6828: 6783:UltraSPARC IIIi 6723: 6482: 6473: 6468: 6438: 6433: 6423: 6402: 6388:Arthur van Hoff 6371: 6331: 6301: 6233: 6202: 6131: 6080: 6039: 6030: 5981: 5976: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5904: 5898: 5896: 5893:This audio file 5890: 5883: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5851: 5844:helpx.adobe.com 5838: 5837: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5774: 5770: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5735: 5731: 5724:KrebsOnSecurity 5716: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5670: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5554: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5272: 5270: 5261: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5188: 5184: 5169: 5165: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4954: 4950: 4935: 4931: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4866: 4864: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4810: 4806: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4775: 4773: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4412: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4250: 4246: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4197: 4195: 4187:"The Java Saga" 4183: 4179: 4167: 4165: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4077:on May 30, 2008 4063: 4056: 4049: 4027: 4023: 4013: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3904: 3897: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3847:docs.oracle.com 3841: 3840: 3836: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3815:"IBM Developer" 3813: 3812: 3808: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3728: 3721:"Archived copy" 3719: 3718: 3714: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3688: 3681:"Archived copy" 3679: 3678: 3674: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3599:Wayback Machine 3590: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3565: 3558: 3543: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3169:. April 8, 2014 3161: 3160: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3138:"HotSpot Group" 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3048: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3003: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2927: 2919:Ask.com toolbar 2914: 2886: 2882: 2870: 2847: 2841: 2808: 2802: 2790: 2775: 2758: 2734: 2728: 2719: 2713: 2601: 2595: 2558: 2525:Duke is Java's 2515: 2447:(JRE) with its 2417: 2412: 1986: 1980: 1978:Version history 1968: 1948:Marc Andreessen 1879: 1871:The 3DO Company 1815:object-oriented 1785:embedded system 1759:Stealth Project 1719: 1348:statements and 1326: 1320: 1314: 1300:functionality. 1297: 1231: 1219: 1213: 1182: 1172: 1047: 1037: 1027: 1023: 1005:In most modern 1003: 997: 995:Class libraries 932: 926: 921: 920: 881: 873: 837: 831: 826: 825: 812:, which can be 791: 783: 778: 777: 726:(Java SE) is a 720: 712: 683:, and printers. 652: 621:run identically 605:virtual machine 597: 561: 537:escape analysis 451:Writing in the 408:for developing 380: 371: 362: 349: 206: 200: 198: 195: 192: 187: 181: 179: 176: 174: 169: 163: 161: 158: 156: 151: 145: 143: 140: 133: 128: 122: 120: 117: 98: 96: 93: 89:Initial release 56: 39: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9155: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9107: 9105: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9062: 9057: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8985: 8983: 8980:Frameworks and 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8952: 8950: 8946: 8945: 8943: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8926: 8921: 8919:OpenOffice.org 8915: 8913: 8906: 8902: 8901: 8891: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8848: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8816: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8798: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8765: 8763: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8749: 8743: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8731: 8725: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8713: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8635: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8594: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8559: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8471:Virtual Pascal 8468: 8462: 8460: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8452: 8446: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8391: 8389: 8380: 8369: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8344:PythonAnywhere 8341: 8335: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8246: 8244: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8225: 8220: 8214: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8132: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8105: 8099: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8026:Xamarin Studio 8022: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7996: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7966: 7961: 7955: 7953: 7944: 7933: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7899: 7897: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7864: 7859: 7849: 7839: 7829: 7824: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7788: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7730:Android Studio 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7618: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7597:LabWindows/CVI 7594: 7593: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7571: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7548: 7542: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7504: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7407: 7405: 7396: 7386: 7385: 7378: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7355: 7346: 7345: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7328: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7187:OpenOffice.org 7184: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6913: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6880:SPARC T series 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6776:UltraSPARC III 6773: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6767:UltraSPARC IIi 6765: 6764:UltraSPARC IIe 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6648: 6647: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6495: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6467: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6444: 6435: 6434: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6243: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5975: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5939: 5934: 5905: 5891: 5884: 5872: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855:External links 5853: 5850: 5849: 5831: 5813: 5795: 5768: 5748: 5729: 5710: 5687: 5664: 5642: 5623:Brook, Chris. 5615: 5590: 5564: 5545:Brook, Chris. 5537: 5510: 5488: 5466: 5444: 5422: 5400: 5375: 5349: 5323: 5306: 5280: 5254: 5231: 5205: 5182: 5163: 5149: 5135: 5121: 5107: 5085: 5063: 5037: 5015: 4993: 4971: 4948: 4929: 4914: 4888: 4874: 4844: 4819: 4804: 4786: 4757: 4745:cr.openjdk.org 4732: 4707: 4695:cr.openjdk.org 4682: 4657: 4632: 4607: 4581: 4555: 4536:www.oracle.com 4523: 4518:www.oracle.com 4505: 4500:Stack Overflow 4487: 4465: 4447: 4425: 4422:. Oracle Corp. 4406: 4384: 4358: 4336: 4325:. Java.sun.com 4314: 4292: 4270: 4244: 4226: 4223:on 2008-02-10. 4208: 4177: 4147: 4121: 4114: 4088: 4054: 4047: 4021: 3995: 3973: 3947: 3925: 3895: 3869: 3852: 3834: 3820: 3806: 3792: 3787:"Java Modules" 3778: 3752: 3712: 3672: 3654: 3628: 3603: 3581: 3556: 3532: 3507: 3485: 3467: 3456: 3445: 3419: 3394: 3382:www.oracle.com 3368: 3342: 3337:www.oracle.com 3321: 3299: 3269: 3260:Virtual School 3246: 3224: 3202: 3180: 3151: 3129: 3111:"JDK Releases" 3102: 3084:"JDK Releases" 3075: 3062:978-0471034650 3061: 3032: 3005: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2934: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2913: 2910: 2867:remote exploit 2840: 2837: 2801: 2798: 2774: 2771: 2757: 2754: 2727: 2724: 2715:Main article: 2712: 2709: 2594: 2591: 2578:Apache Harmony 2557: 2554: 2521:Plain ol' Duke 2514: 2511: 2499:user interface 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2239:type inference 2153:Java Web Start 2131:modeled after 1982:Main article: 1979: 1976: 1967: 1964: 1938:used the name 1936:Oak Technology 1903:World Wide Web 1878: 1875: 1774:Sand Hill Road 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1406:record classes 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1391:sealed classes 1383: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372:sealed classes 1364:record classes 1360: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1350:sealed classes 1342: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1316:Main article: 1313: 1310: 1305:attack surface 1296: 1293: 1273: 1272: 1265:old generation 1261: 1230: 1227: 1215:Main article: 1212: 1209: 1203:, then called 1190:.NET Framework 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1150: 1136: 1126: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1083: 1073: 1036: 1033: 999:Main article: 996: 993: 956:feature phones 928:Main article: 925: 922: 913:architecture. 907:Oracle Solaris 905:supported the 892:technology by 882: 874: 872: 869: 865:cross-platform 833:Main article: 830: 827: 792: 784: 782: 779: 721: 713: 711: 708: 707: 706: 690: 684: 674: 651: 648: 596: 593: 560: 559:Latest version 557: 434:supercomputers 414:cross-platform 382: 381: 379: 378: 369: 360: 346: 344: 340: 339: 330:Dual-license: 328: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 268: 262: 261: 244: 238: 237: 220: 216: 215: 212: 211: 114: 112:Stable release 108: 107: 104: 103: 90: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 64: 58: 57: 54: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9154: 9143: 9142:Java platform 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8978: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8931: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8914: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8882: 8877: 8875: 8870: 8869: 8866: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8769:IntelliJ IDEA 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8718: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8630: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8618:Liberty BASIC 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8598:Visual Studio 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8476:Borland Kylix 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8439: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8421: 8415: 8414:PascalABC.NET 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8378:Object Pascal 8374: 8370: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8322: 8321:DevEco Studio 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8243: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8230: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 8000:Visual Studio 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7975: 7971: 7965: 7964:PascalABC.NET 7962: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7924: 7923:DevEco Studio 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7872: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7794:IntelliJ IDEA 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7743: 7742:DevEco Studio 7740: 7738: 7735: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7724:IntelliJ IDEA 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7674: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7620: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7580:IntelliJ IDEA 7578: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7570: 7569:Visual Studio 7567: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7508:DevEco Studio 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7446:GNOME Builder 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7371: 7369: 7364: 7362: 7357: 7356: 7353: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7235:Scott McNealy 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6940: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6915: 6910: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6799:UltraSPARC T2 6797: 6795: 6794:UltraSPARC T1 6792: 6790: 6789:UltraSPARC IV 6787: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6760:UltraSPARC II 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6453: 6451: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6409: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6383:James Gosling 6381: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336:Organizations 6334: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6239:JVM languages 6236: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153:GNU Classpath 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5968: 5966: 5961: 5959: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5931:James Gosling 5926: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5894: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5752: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5714: 5699:. VentureBeat 5698: 5691: 5675: 5668: 5652: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5552: 5548: 5541: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5498: 5492: 5476: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5410: 5404: 5386: 5379: 5364: 5363:darksleep.com 5360: 5353: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5316: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5268: 5264: 5258: 5242: 5235: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5193: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5167: 5159: 5158:"Ubuntu Java" 5153: 5145: 5144:"Debian Java" 5139: 5131: 5130:"Fedora Java" 5125: 5117: 5116:"Redhat Java" 5111: 5096: 5089: 5073: 5067: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5019: 5003: 4997: 4981: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4952: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4925: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4884: 4878: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4783: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4650:September 17, 4646: 4642: 4636: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4600:September 26, 4595: 4591: 4585: 4574:September 25, 4569: 4565: 4559: 4552: 4550: 4537: 4533: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4475: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4435: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4394: 4388: 4372: 4368: 4367:"Java Naming" 4362: 4346: 4340: 4324: 4318: 4302: 4296: 4280: 4274: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4205: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4092: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4061: 4059: 4050: 4044: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4025: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3983: 3977: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3936: 3929: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3830: 3824: 3816: 3810: 3802: 3796: 3788: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3748: 3742: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3708: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3617: 3613: 3612:"OpenJDK FAQ" 3607: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3588: 3586: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3495: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3460: 3454: 3449: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3326: 3309: 3303: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3250: 3234: 3228: 3212: 3206: 3190: 3184: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3156: 3139: 3133: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3106: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3045: 3036: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2937: 2930: 2925:Update system 2922: 2920: 2909: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2879: 2874: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2846: 2845:Java security 2836: 2833: 2832:Java bytecode 2829: 2827: 2826:JIT compilers 2823: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2807: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777:While Java's 2770: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2748:to allow for 2747: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2723: 2718: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2686:GNU Classpath 2683: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2665:Class library 2662: 2657: 2655: 2654:free software 2651: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2634:Java Platform 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2616:announced in 2615: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2593:Free software 2590: 2587: 2583: 2582:free software 2579: 2575: 2574:GNU Classpath 2570: 2568: 2564: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2426: 2425:Windows Vista 2421: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2314:rapid release 2311: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2221:Windows Vista 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:for-each loop 2164: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2023:inner classes 2020: 2016: 2013:Sun released 2011: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770:James Gosling 1767: 1766:Green Project 1762: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1751:Scott McNealy 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1725:James Gosling 1723: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685:Inner Classes 1682: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638:, introduced 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1588:Static Import 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1312:Java versions 1309: 1306: 1301: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1177: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1032: 1019: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1002: 992: 990: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 964:Micro Edition 961: 957: 953: 952:Mobile phones 949: 945: 941: 937: 931: 918: 914: 912: 908: 902: 899: 895: 891: 887: 879: 868: 866: 861: 859: 853: 851: 847: 842: 841:Java bytecode 836: 823: 819: 815: 814:microservices 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 789: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 741: 737: 733: 732:portable code 729: 725: 718: 704: 701: 700:client–server 698: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 681:set-top boxes 678: 675: 672: 668: 664: 661: 660: 659: 657: 647: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 628:Java compiler 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 592: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 426:mobile phones 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 392: 388: 376: 370: 367: 361: 358: 348: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 327: 323: 320: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 294: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 269: 267: 263: 260: 256: 252: 248: 245: 243: 239: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 193: 190: 172: 154: 138: 131: 115: 113: 109: 105: 91: 87: 84: 81: 79: 75: 72: 68: 67:James Gosling 65: 63: 59: 52: 47: 41: 37: 33: 26: 22: 9060:Oracle Linux 9008: 8912:Applications 8850: 8843: 8779:Sublime Text 8664:Visual Basic 8659:SharpDevelop 8632:Discontinued 8466:Turbo Pascal 8459:Discontinued 8107:FlashDevelop 8036:SharpDevelop 8019:Discontinued 7823:Pro for Java 7813:Discontinued 7676: 7649:SharpDevelop 7622:Discontinued 7416:Code::Blocks 7253:Acquisitions 7240:Vinod Khosla 7054:Open Storage 6987: 6652:Blade server 6583:SPARCclassic 6417: 6012:(Enterprise) 5978: 5924: 5843: 5834: 5825: 5816: 5807: 5798: 5788:December 14, 5786:. Retrieved 5781: 5771: 5762:The Guardian 5760: 5751: 5742: 5732: 5723: 5713: 5701:. Retrieved 5690: 5678:. Retrieved 5667: 5655:. Retrieved 5653:. Oracle.com 5645: 5633:. Retrieved 5629:the original 5618: 5606:. Retrieved 5602: 5593: 5581:. Retrieved 5577:the original 5567: 5555:. Retrieved 5551:the original 5540: 5528:. Retrieved 5524:the original 5513: 5501:. Retrieved 5491: 5479:. Retrieved 5469: 5461:the original 5456: 5447: 5439:the original 5434: 5425: 5413:. Retrieved 5403: 5391:. Retrieved 5378: 5366:. Retrieved 5362: 5352: 5340:. Retrieved 5335: 5326: 5309: 5297:. Retrieved 5293:the original 5283: 5271:. Retrieved 5267:the original 5257: 5245:. Retrieved 5234: 5222:. Retrieved 5218:the original 5208: 5196:. Retrieved 5194:. Github.com 5185: 5177:the original 5166: 5152: 5138: 5124: 5110: 5098:. Retrieved 5088: 5076:. Retrieved 5066: 5054:. Retrieved 5049: 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5018: 5006:. Retrieved 4996: 4984:. 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Retrieved 3019:the original 3009: 2928: 2915: 2902: 2891: 2875: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2830: 2820: 2809: 2786: 2776: 2759: 2749: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2690: 2678: 2658: 2656:community". 2638: 2612: 2571: 2559: 2531: 2524: 2507: 2473: 2467:include the 2461:version 10.7 2438: 2430: 2405: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2305: 2304: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2213:JSR 269 2205:Java SE 2204: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2089:JIT compiler 2085:Java Plug-in 2055:) and J2ME ( 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2014: 2012: 2007: 2001: 1987: 1969: 1956: 1939: 1927: 1925: 1916:Blade Runner 1914: 1907:web browsers 1899:Eric Schmidt 1895:Wayne Rosing 1888: 1857:(RFP) for a 1842: 1836: 1826: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1782: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1728: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1599: 1596:Enumerations 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1560: 1556: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1518: 1514: 1499: 1495: 1480: 1465: 1450: 1446: 1432: 1428: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1390: 1386: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1349: 1345: 1302: 1298: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1268: 1264: 1253: 1245: 1243: 1234: 1232: 1224: 1220: 1198: 1183: 1088:– a modern, 1080:immutability 1059:interpreters 1052: 1048: 1020: 1004: 972:handheld PCs 970:, and other 933: 903: 883: 862: 854: 849: 838: 806:web services 722: 653: 644: 625: 598: 585:AdoptOpenJDK 581:Azul Systems 565:Java 22 562: 529:memory model 450: 438:Java applets 400:is a set of 397: 396: 305:Available in 295:support for 134: 78:Developer(s) 40: 9055:OpenSolaris 8956:Berkeley DB 8826:Eclipse Che 8692:Open source 8644:MonoDevelop 8639:CA-Realizer 8565:FutureBASIC 8504:Open source 8481:QuickPascal 8395:Free Pascal 8387:Open source 8331:Proprietary 8291:Komodo Edit 8265:Light Table 8242:Open source 8196:Zend Studio 8176:Codelobster 8168:Proprietary 8148:Komodo Edit 8130:Open source 8031:MonoDevelop 7951:Open source 7895:Open source 7852:Visual Café 7821:CodeWarrior 7819:Metrowerks 7686:Open source 7644:MonoDevelop 7557:CodeWarrior 7411:Arduino IDE 7403:Open source 7192:OpenSolaris 7095:Grid Engine 7073:Performance 7003:Java System 6973:OpenWindows 6714:Cobalt Qube 6699:JavaStation 6314:Conferences 6021:Android SDK 5703:February 9, 5680:February 9, 5657:February 9, 5635:February 9, 5608:February 9, 5583:February 9, 5557:February 9, 5530:February 9, 5503:February 9, 5481:February 9, 5415:December 9, 5393:December 9, 5342:January 18, 5299:December 9, 5273:December 9, 5247:February 9, 5224:February 9, 5198:February 9, 5030:February 9, 5008:February 9, 4986:February 9, 4480:February 9, 4440:February 9, 4399:February 9, 4351:February 9, 4329:February 9, 4307:February 9, 4285:February 9, 3940:February 7, 3918:February 7, 3888:February 7, 3621:October 23, 3574:February 9, 3361:February 9, 3292:February 6, 3239:February 9, 3217:February 9, 3195:February 9, 3173:February 9, 3144:February 9, 3122:January 17, 3095:December 9, 3025:February 9, 2905:Brian Krebs 2800:Performance 2661:source code 2550:BSD license 2503:Lotus Notes 2415:Desktop use 2209:annotations 2147:processor ( 2143:parser and 2113:(JNDI) and 2067:framework, 2065:collections 1919:), renamed 1859:set-top box 1851:Time Warner 1843:Firstperson 1683:Introduced 1657:Introduced 1622:Logging API 1612:Introduced 1600:Annotations 1559:(JSR 223), 1555:Introduced 1532:Introduced 1494:Introduced 1479:Introduced 1466:HTTP Client 1445:Introduced 1429:text blocks 1387:text blocks 1385:Introduced 1362:Introduced 1246:generations 1211:Performance 1159:interpreter 1135:interpreter 1125:interpreter 960:smartphones 948:form factor 822:concurrency 671:smart cards 634:(JDK). The 517:Objective-C 501:Java syntax 336:proprietary 208:[±] 189:[±] 171:[±] 153:[±] 130:[±] 9126:Categories 8924:VirtualBox 8845:Comparison 8831:SourceLair 8821:Cloud9 IDE 8729:Cloud9 IDE 8649:QuickBASIC 8406:Dev-Pascal 8296:Komodo IDE 8279:PyScripter 8153:Komodo IDE 8010:Understand 7886:JavaScript 7862:Visual J++ 7804:Understand 7765:JDeveloper 7608:Understand 7546:C++Builder 7490:OpenWatcom 7471:Qt Creator 7310:Tarantella 7305:StorageTek 7028:VirtualBox 6993:StarOffice 6755:UltraSPARC 6750:SuperSPARC 6745:microSPARC 6728:Processors 6719:Cobalt RaQ 6640:Enterprise 6393:Urs Hölzle 6282:Processing 6010:Jakarta EE 6006:(Standard) 5908:Audio help 5899:2013-08-19 5808:Super User 5776:Bott, Ed. 5603:Forbes.com 5368:October 9, 4907:August 17, 4377:August 25, 4198:October 4, 4168:2020-07-15 4131:"Foreword" 4115:0471297135 4048:0471297135 3863:.beanshell 3771:August 14, 3731:August 14, 3691:August 14, 3647:August 14, 3438:January 1, 3167:Oracle.com 3001:References 2816:Benchmarks 2812:HotSpot VM 2742:deprecated 2597:See also: 2580:) created 2453:Visual J++ 2401:deprecated 2385:Java SE 22 2379:Java SE 21 2373:Java SE 20 2367:Java SE 19 2361:Java SE 18 2355:Java SE 17 2349:Java SE 16 2343:Java SE 15 2337:Java SE 14 2331:Java SE 13 2325:Java SE 12 2306:Java SE 11 2273:Windows XP 2193:JavaScript 2175:autoboxing 2061:reflection 2041:Playground 1693:Java Beans 1689:Reflection 1451:Shenandoah 1433:Socket API 1414:instanceof 1174:See also: 1157:JavaScript 1094:functional 1039:See also: 958:and early 954:including 794:Jakarta EE 788:Jakarta EE 781:Jakarta EE 697:multi-tier 693:Jakarta EE 545:references 473:JavaScript 219:Written in 201:2024-01-16 182:2022-10-18 164:2023-02-18 146:2023-09-19 123:2024-04-19 99:1996-01-23 36:JavaScript 8994:GlassFish 8949:Databases 8608:PureBasic 8512:Basic-256 8354:SlickEdit 8270:Ninja-IDE 8191:SlickEdit 7842:VisualAge 7799:SlickEdit 7791:JetBrains 7786:MyEclipse 7719:Greenfoot 7634:VisualAge 7613:SlickEdit 7575:JetBrains 7562:MyEclipse 7197:OpenSPARC 7161:Community 7140:Education 7023:GlassFish 6850:Fireplane 6306:Community 6252:BeanShell 6168:Hibernate 6143:Blackdown 6076:Maxine VM 6016:Java Card 5986:Platforms 5925:infoq.com 5782:ZDNet.com 5743:ReadWrite 5004:. Sun.com 4867:March 18, 4837:March 18, 4816:. Oracle. 4750:April 16, 4725:April 16, 4700:April 16, 4675:March 25, 4625:March 22, 4541:March 27, 4395:. Jcp.org 4347:. Jcp.org 4303:. Jcp.org 4281:. 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