20:
214:
90:), which was evaded by the clergy and most of the nobility, and substituted a tax of one-twentieth (in French "vingtième") that would have been levied on all. The inclusion of the church made this bill popular with the larger public, in addition to the
179:, where he voted consistently against every reform. He emigrated in 1791, which provoked the arrest of the members of his family still in France in 1793, when his father and his brothers Charles and Armand were arrested as parents and relatives of an
118:'s court. The clergy stood by their historical privileges, and the outcry of the nobility was virulent, and the proposal was rejected. Despite this, Machault managed to retain his office until July 1754, when he exchanged the controllership for the
821:
229:
82:
In 1749, he attempted a reform in the levying of direct taxes, which, if carried out, would have done much to prevent the later
Revolutionary movement. He proposed to abolish the old tax of a tenth or
725:
731:
653:
635:
791:
761:
623:
827:
803:
1283:
647:
1364:
1346:
1328:
404:
2063:
587:
521:
323:
420:
374:
1748:
398:
2285:
749:
1958:
617:
1502:
137:, whose personal ill-will he had gained. On 1 February 1757 Louis XV acquiesced in her demand for his removal. Machault retired to his estate at
60:
1867:
593:
234:
79:
had been exhausted, and he was forced to develop the system of borrowing which was bringing French finances to the verge of bankruptcy.
767:
316:
860:
2265:
701:
1085:
1214:
465:
779:
695:
2280:
309:
641:
797:
332:
107:
1022:
525:
677:
293:
283:
260:
1016:
1610:
1592:
1178:
878:
743:
1253:
353:
72:
68:
2093:
2069:
1196:
1160:
707:
38:, 12 July 1794), He was a French statesman, son of Louis Charles Machault d'Arnouville, lieutenant of police.
1061:
1049:
1028:
992:
974:
964:
932:
922:
499:
410:
119:
1406:
953:
911:
890:
755:
543:
531:
1115:
1682:
1544:
884:
1982:
1004:
671:
51:, and ten years later was made president of the Great Council; although he had opposed the court in the
1382:
872:
719:
611:
347:
2081:
1850:
1790:
489:
2087:
1700:
416:
1322:
126:
47:
689:
432:
276:
183:. Upon his return to France in 1802, he resigned his bishopric in order not to be an obstacle to
980:
559:
483:
176:
1856:
2165:
1906:
1562:
1144:
103:
2135:
2123:
2047:
1300:
854:
844:
833:
809:
581:
392:
151:
219:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2275:
2270:
2099:
1736:
1724:
1706:
1694:
1604:
1231:
1133:
1127:
1097:
629:
19:
2147:
1616:
1103:
1091:
8:
1241:
901:
713:
537:
134:
2129:
1670:
1508:
1460:
553:
1586:
1538:
1526:
683:
515:
509:
493:
477:
42:
2219:
1358:
459:
438:
426:
2213:
2207:
2171:
1664:
1622:
815:
605:
599:
505:
256:
184:
142:
130:
56:
2018:
1844:
2225:
1946:
1811:
1778:
1766:
1730:
1172:
1154:
1055:
547:
449:
168:
2195:
1634:
1265:
59:
in 1743. From this position, through the influence at court of his old friend the
2189:
2024:
2000:
1742:
1658:
1628:
1574:
1568:
1550:
1532:
1520:
1514:
1496:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1436:
1418:
1400:
1208:
1184:
1166:
1109:
1073:
575:
569:
380:
364:
145:
broke out in 1789, when, after a period of hiding, he was apprehended in 1794 at
76:
2075:
1922:
1889:
1877:
1712:
1676:
1556:
187:, and he retired to the ancestral château of Arnouville, where he died in 1820.
2243:
2237:
2201:
2177:
2117:
2006:
1952:
1928:
1916:
1895:
1817:
1760:
1754:
1718:
1640:
1580:
1412:
1121:
1079:
1067:
785:
773:
737:
659:
471:
386:
64:
2111:
1883:
1838:
1652:
301:
2259:
2153:
2105:
2057:
2036:
2012:
1976:
1442:
1424:
1394:
1376:
1310:
1259:
1220:
1202:
1190:
1039:
225:
220:
1964:
1934:
2231:
2159:
2141:
1994:
1940:
1801:
1784:
1688:
1484:
1448:
1430:
1340:
1316:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1247:
943:
565:
172:
71:
in
December 1745. On taking office, he found that in the four years of the
1772:
2183:
2030:
1988:
1970:
1828:
1646:
1598:
1472:
1010:
998:
986:
99:
91:
1388:
1370:
1352:
1334:
238:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 233.
138:
52:
171:
from 1774 until the
Revolution. He was one of the most uncompromising
95:
111:
102:. However, there were loud remonstrances from bishops (particularly
115:
336:
155:, where he died after a few weeks at the age of ninety-three.
146:
83:
35:
31:
149:
and brought to Paris as a suspect. He was imprisoned in the
133:, he was drawn to oppose more decidedly the schemes of
2257:
331:
317:
28:Jean-Baptiste de Machault, comte d'Arnouville
324:
310:
2286:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
255:, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1989,
125:Foreseeing the disastrous results of the
224:
207:
205:
203:
201:
199:
18:
230:Machault d'Arnouville, Jean Baptiste de
55:dispute, he was appointed intendant of
2258:
165:Louis Charles de Machault d'Arnouville
23:Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville
305:
196:
30:, seigneur de Garge et de Gonesse (
13:
245:
14:
2297:
1313:(September 1870–19 February 1871)
995:(December 29, 1818–November 1819)
284:Secretaries of State for the Navy
212:
2266:18th-century French politicians
1949:(5 September–11 September 1948)
294:François Marie Peyrenc de Moras
288:24 July 1754 – 1 February 1757
41:In 1721, he was counsel to the
1859:(November 1943–September 1944)
1319:(19 February–25 February 1871)
1076:(10 November–18 November 1834)
983:(September 1815–December 1818)
354:Controller-General of Finances
73:War of the Austrian Succession
69:Controller-General of Finances
1:
2009:(1 February–14 February 1956)
2003:(February 1955–February 1956)
1955:(September 1948–January 1949)
1409:(16 April 1885–December 1886)
989:(7 December–29 December 1818)
836:(10 August–21 September 1792)
624:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
190:
16:French politician (1701–1794)
1925:(December 1946–January 1947)
1886:(November 1944–January 1946)
1733:(4 February–9 February 1934)
1715:(December 1932–January 1933)
1697:(December 1930–January 1931)
1223:(December 1851–January 1852)
1187:(December 1848–October 1849)
7:
2281:Finance ministers of France
1721:(January 1933–January 1934)
1193:(October 1849–January 1851)
63:, he was called to succeed
10:
2302:
1787:(November 1938–March 1940)
1649:(December 1925–March 1926)
1553:(December 1913–March 1914)
1427:(December 1887–April 1888)
1397:(August 1882–6 April 1885)
348:Superintendent of Finances
2046:
2015:(February 1956–June 1957)
1979:(March 1952–January 1953)
1937:(November 1947–July 1948)
1905:
1880:(September–November 1944)
1866:
1827:
1800:
1739:(February 1934–June 1935)
1299:
1230:
1143:
1118:(March 1840–October 1840)
1038:
963:
942:
921:
900:
843:
448:
363:
343:
290:
281:
273:
268:
158:
2027:(November 1957–May 1958)
1643:(November–December 1925)
1619:(June 1924–3 April 1925)
1457:(December 1893–May 1894)
1415:(December 1886–May 1887)
1367:(November–December 1877)
1361:(May 1877–November 1877)
1217:(November–December 1851)
1088:(January–September 1836)
857:(21 September 1792–1793)
830:(29 July–10 August 1792)
152:Prison des Madelonnettes
1997:(January–February 1955)
1931:(January–November 1947)
1919:(October–December 1946)
1727:(January–February 1934)
1637:(October–November 1925)
1625:(3 April–17 April 1925)
1469:(January–November 1895)
1463:(May 1894–January 1895)
1403:(6 April–16 April 1885)
1292:(August–September 1870)
1268:(January–November 1867)
1211:(October–November 1851)
1181:(October–December 1848)
1082:(18 November 1834–1836)
1070:(1832–10 November 1834)
235:Encyclopædia Britannica
177:Estates-General of 1789
1868:Provisional Government
1667:(19 July–23 July 1926)
1583:(March–September 1917)
1541:(June 1911–March 1913)
1052:(August–November 1830)
824:(18 June–29 July 1792)
818:(13 June–18 June 1792)
104:Christophe de Beaumont
24:
2192:(March–November 2004)
2090:(July 1968–June 1969)
1943:(July–September 1948)
1781:(April–November 1938)
1691:(March–December 1930)
1685:(February–March 1930)
1565:(9 June–13 June 1914)
1547:(March–December 1913)
1451:(April–December 1893)
1391:(January–August 1882)
1331:(April–December 1872)
1157:(February–March 1848)
1112:(May 1839–March 1840)
977:(July–September 1815)
277:Antoine Louis Rouillé
34:, 13 December 1701 –
22:
2198:(November 2004–2005)
2021:(June–November 1957)
1973:(January–March 1952)
1853:(June–November 1943)
1769:(January–March 1938)
1745:(1 June–7 June 1935)
1709:(June–December 1932)
1679:(1928–February 1930)
1631:(April–October 1925)
1511:(March–October 1906)
1475:(November 1895–1896)
1337:(December 1872–1873)
1280:(January–April 1870)
1205:(April–October 1851)
1199:(January–April 1851)
1136:(1847–February 1848)
887:(July–November 1799)
812:(March–13 June 1792)
644:(December 1720–1722)
2060:(October 1958–1960)
2039:(June–October 1958)
1985:(January–June 1953)
1967:(1951–January 1952)
1898:(June–October 1946)
1892:(January–June 1946)
1763:(1937–January 1938)
1703:(January 1931–1932)
1517:(October 1906–1909)
1421:(May–December 1887)
1286:(April–August 1870)
1274:(1867–January 1870)
1244:(January 1852–1855)
1175:(June–October 1848)
1124:(October 1840–1842)
638:(May–December 1720)
626:(1718–January 1720)
620:(1718–January 1720)
135:Madame de Pompadour
108:Archbishop of Paris
48:maître des requêtes
2162:(August 1995–1997)
1775:(March–April 1938)
1577:(August 1914–1917)
1571:(June–August 1914)
1232:House of Bonaparte
1031:(July–August 1830)
944:House of Bonaparte
902:House of Bonaparte
632:(January–May 1720)
269:Political offices
61:marquis d'Argenson
43:Parlement of Paris
25:
2253:
2252:
2156:(May–August 1995)
2094:Giscard d'Estaing
2082:Couve de Murville
2070:Giscard d'Estaing
1851:Couve de Murville
1793:(March–June 1940)
1655:(March–June 1926)
1613:(March–June 1924)
1559:(March–June 1914)
1535:(March–June 1911)
1529:(1910–March 1911)
1505:(1905–March 1906)
1445:(1892–April 1893)
1433:(April 1888–1889)
1100:(1837–March 1839)
956:(March–July 1815)
828:Delaville-Leroulx
806:(1791–March 1792)
333:Finance ministers
300:
299:
291:Succeeded by
251:Antoine, Michel,
185:Concordat of 1801
167:(1737–1820), was
75:the economies of
45:, in 1728 he was
2293:
2216:(June 2007–2011)
1983:Bourgès-Maunoury
1847:(1942–June 1943)
1751:(June 1935–1936)
1673:(July 1926–1928)
1661:(June–July 1926)
1163:(March–May 1848)
1106:(March–May 1839)
1040:House of Orléans
965:House of Bourbon
923:House of Bourbon
881:(1796–July 1799)
450:House of Bourbon
417:de Cossé-Brissac
326:
319:
312:
303:
302:
274:Preceded by
266:
265:
240:
239:
218:
216:
215:
209:
169:bishop of Amiens
163:His eldest son,
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2210:(May–June 2007)
2204:(2005–May 2007)
2150:(1993–May 1995)
2084:(May–July 1968)
2078:(1966–May 1968)
2050:
2042:
2033:(May–June 1958)
1909:
1907:Fourth Republic
1901:
1870:
1862:
1831:
1823:
1804:
1796:
1611:François-Marsal
1593:François-Marsal
1355:(1875–May 1877)
1323:Pouyer-Quertier
1303:
1295:
1234:
1226:
1169:(May–June 1848)
1147:
1145:Second Republic
1139:
1128:Lacave-Laplagne
1098:Lacave-Laplagne
1042:
1034:
1025:(May–July 1830)
1019:(1829–May 1830)
967:
959:
946:
938:
925:
917:
904:
896:
847:
839:
560:de La Vieuville
484:de La Vieuville
452:
444:
367:
365:House of Valois
359:
339:
330:
296:
287:
279:
248:
246:Further reading
243:
228:, ed. (1911). "
213:
211:
210:
197:
193:
161:
77:Cardinal Fleury
17:
12:
11:
5:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:(2024–present)
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2051:(1958–present)
2048:Fifth Republic
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1737:Germain-Martin
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1707:Germain-Martin
1704:
1698:
1695:Germain-Martin
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1301:Third Republic
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1179:Trouvé-Chauvel
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
971:
969:
961:
960:
958:
957:
950:
948:
940:
939:
937:
936:
929:
927:
919:
918:
916:
915:
908:
906:
898:
897:
895:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
851:
849:
845:First Republic
841:
840:
838:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
642:de La Houssaye
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
563:
557:
551:
541:
535:
529:
519:
513:
503:
497:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
456:
454:
446:
445:
443:
442:
436:
430:
424:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
371:
369:
361:
360:
358:
357:
351:
344:
341:
340:
329:
328:
321:
314:
306:
298:
297:
292:
289:
280:
275:
271:
270:
264:
263:
247:
244:
242:
241:
226:Chisholm, Hugh
194:
192:
189:
160:
157:
120:Naval Ministry
65:Philibert Orry
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2298:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
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2166:Strauss-Kahn
1802:Vichy France
1605:de Lasteyrie
1383:Allain-Targé
1116:de la Lozère
866:
762:de Fourqueux
672:de SĂ©chelles
666:d'Arnouville
665:
588:Le Pelletier
490:de Champigny
478:de Schomberg
433:de Bellièvre
282:
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87:
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40:
27:
26:
2276:1794 deaths
2271:1701 births
2240:(2017–2024)
2234:(2014–2017)
2228:(2012–2014)
2222:(2011–2012)
2186:(2002–2004)
2180:(2000–2002)
2174:(1999–2000)
2168:(1997–1999)
2144:(1992–1993)
2138:(1988–1992)
2132:(1986–1988)
2126:(1984–1986)
2120:(1981–1984)
2114:(1978–1981)
2108:(1976–1978)
2102:(1974–1976)
2096:(1969–1974)
2072:(1962–1966)
2066:(1960–1962)
2064:Baumgartner
1991:(1953–1955)
1961:(1949–1951)
1910:(1946–1958)
1871:(1944–1946)
1841:(1941–1942)
1832:(1941–1944)
1829:Free France
1820:(1942–1944)
1814:(1940–1942)
1812:Bouthillier
1805:(1940–1944)
1779:Marchandeau
1767:Marchandeau
1757:(1936–1937)
1731:Marchandeau
1607:(1922–1924)
1601:(1921–1922)
1595:(1920–1921)
1589:(1917–1920)
1523:(1909–1910)
1499:(1902–1905)
1493:(1899–1902)
1487:(1898–1899)
1481:(1896–1898)
1439:(1889–1892)
1385:(1881–1882)
1379:(1879–1881)
1373:(1877–1879)
1349:(1874–1875)
1343:(1873–1874)
1325:(1871–1872)
1304:(1870–1940)
1262:(1861–1867)
1256:(1860–1861)
1254:La Roquette
1250:(1855–1860)
1235:(1852–1870)
1148:(1848–1852)
1130:(1842–1847)
1094:(1836–1837)
1064:(1831–1832)
1058:(1830–1831)
1043:(1830–1848)
1013:(1828–1829)
1007:(1821–1828)
1001:(1819–1821)
968:(1815–1830)
935:(1814–1815)
926:(1814–1815)
914:(1804–1814)
905:(1804–1814)
893:(1799–1804)
875:(1795–1796)
869:(1794–1795)
863:(1793–1794)
848:(1792–1804)
822:de Beaulieu
800:(1790–1791)
788:(1789–1790)
780:de Breteuil
776:(1788–1789)
770:(1787–1788)
758:(1783–1787)
746:(1781–1783)
740:(1777–1781)
734:(1776–1777)
722:(1774–1776)
716:(1769–1774)
710:(1768–1769)
704:(1763–1768)
698:(1759–1763)
686:(1757–1759)
680:(1756–1757)
674:(1754–1756)
668:(1745–1754)
662:(1730–1745)
656:(1726–1730)
650:(1722–1726)
614:(1715–1718)
612:de Noailles
608:(1708–1715)
602:(1699–1708)
596:(1689–1699)
590:(1683–1689)
584:(1661–1683)
578:(1659–1661)
572:(1653–1659)
562:(1651–1653)
556:(1650–1651)
554:de Longueil
550:(1649–1650)
540:(1648–1649)
538:de La Porte
534:(1647–1648)
528:(1643–1647)
522:de Bailleul
518:(1640–1643)
516:Bouthillier
512:(1632–1640)
510:Bouthillier
502:(1626–1632)
496:(1624–1626)
494:de Marillac
486:(1623–1624)
480:(1619–1622)
474:(1614–1619)
468:(1598–1611)
462:(1589–1594)
453:(1589–1792)
441:(1588–1589)
435:(1574–1588)
429:(1568–1570)
423:(1561–1567)
413:(1559–1560)
411:de Lorraine
407:(1556–1559)
401:(1552–1556)
395:(1546–1552)
393:d'Annebault
389:(1544–1546)
383:(1524–1544)
377:(1518–1524)
368:(1518–1589)
356:(1661–1791)
350:(1561–1661)
92:Philosophes
86:(in French
2260:Categories
2148:Alphandéry
1401:Clamageran
1329:de Goulard
1197:de Germiny
1023:de Montbel
1017:de Crouzol
1005:de Villèle
798:de Lessart
768:de Brienne
756:de Calonne
750:d'Ormesson
702:de Laverdy
618:de Caumont
600:Chamillart
594:Phélypeaux
506:de Bullion
466:de BĂ©thune
427:de Birague
191:References
143:Revolution
141:until the
139:Arnouville
110:) and the
98:, and the
96:Jansenists
53:Unigenitus
2226:Moscovici
2136:Bérégovoy
2124:Bérégovoy
1791:Lamoureux
1665:de Monzie
1623:de Monzie
1617:Clementel
1563:Clémentel
1365:Dutilleul
1173:Goudchaux
1155:Goudchaux
1062:Dominique
1050:Dominique
1029:Dominique
993:Dominique
975:Dominique
933:Dominique
816:Duranthon
744:de Fleury
732:des RĂ©aux
726:de Clugny
708:d'Invault
654:des Forts
636:des Forts
606:Desmarets
548:de Mesmes
526:de Mesmes
421:d'Ongnyes
405:d'Avançon
387:du Thiers
375:de Beaune
114:party at
100:Gallicans
2238:Le Maire
2130:Balladur
2100:Fourcade
2025:Pflimlin
2019:Gaillard
2013:Ramadier
2001:Pflimlin
1953:Queuille
1845:Diethelm
1743:Caillaux
1671:Poincaré
1659:Caillaux
1641:Loucheur
1635:Painlevé
1629:Caillaux
1569:Noullens
1551:Caillaux
1533:Caillaux
1515:Caillaux
1509:Poincaré
1491:Caillaux
1461:Poincaré
1359:Caillaux
1092:Duchâtel
1086:d'Argout
1056:Laffitte
981:Corvetto
873:Faipoult
855:Clavière
834:Clavière
810:Clavière
678:de Moras
399:Guillart
253:Louis XV
127:alliance
116:Louis XV
2214:Lagarde
2196:Gaymard
2190:Sarkozy
2172:Sautter
2160:Arthuis
2154:Madelin
2007:Lacoste
1959:Petsche
1941:Reynaud
1929:Schuman
1917:Schuman
1896:Schuman
1878:Lepercq
1818:Cathala
1785:Reynaud
1749:RĂ©gnier
1701:Flandin
1689:Reynaud
1581:Thierry
1557:Renoult
1521:Cochery
1497:Rouvier
1485:Peytral
1479:Cochery
1455:Burdeau
1449:Peytral
1437:Rouvier
1431:Peytral
1419:Rouvier
1413:Dauphin
1209:Blondel
1167:Duclerc
1104:Gautier
792:Lambert
582:Colbert
576:Fouquet
570:Fouquet
566:Servien
544:d'Emery
532:d'Emery
500:de Ruzé
472:Jeannin
223::
175:at the
131:Austria
57:Hainaut
2244:Armand
2220:Baroin
2208:Borloo
2202:Breton
2178:Fabius
2118:Delors
2112:Monory
2088:Ortoli
1947:Pineau
1923:Philip
1890:Philip
1884:Pleven
1857:France
1839:Pleven
1761:Bonnet
1755:Auriol
1725:Piétri
1719:Bonnet
1713:Chéron
1683:Dumont
1677:Chéron
1647:Doumer
1599:Doumer
1545:Dumont
1503:Merlou
1473:Doumer
1443:Tirard
1425:Tirard
1407:Carnot
1395:Tirard
1377:Magnin
1317:Buffet
1311:Picard
1284:Segris
1278:Buffet
1266:Rouher
1242:Bineau
1122:Humann
1080:Humann
1068:Humann
954:Gaudin
947:(1815)
912:Gaudin
891:Gaudin
885:Lindet
867:Vacant
794:(1790)
786:Necker
782:(1789)
774:Necker
764:(1787)
752:(1783)
738:Necker
728:(1776)
720:Turgot
714:Terray
696:Bertin
692:(1759)
337:France
259:
217:
181:émigré
159:Family
106:, the
94:, the
2232:Sapin
2142:Sapin
2106:Barre
2076:Debré
2058:Pinay
2037:Pinay
2031:Faure
1995:Buron
1989:Faure
1977:Pinay
1971:Faure
1965:Mayer
1935:Mayer
1653:PĂ©ret
1587:Klotz
1575:Ribot
1539:Klotz
1527:Klotz
1467:Ribot
1341:Magne
1290:Magne
1272:Magne
1260:Fould
1248:Magne
1221:Fould
1203:Fould
1191:Fould
1185:Passy
1134:Dumon
1110:Passy
1074:Passy
804:Tarbé
648:Dodun
381:Babou
147:Rouen
129:with
112:DĂ©vot
84:tithe
36:Paris
32:Paris
1773:Blum
660:Orry
257:ISBN
88:dîme
2184:Mer
1389:Say
1371:Say
1353:Say
1335:Say
1011:Roy
999:Roy
987:Roy
630:Law
460:d'O
439:d'O
335:of
232:".
67:as
2262::
198:^
122:.
568:/
546:/
524:/
508:/
492:/
419:/
325:e
318:t
311:v
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