427:
1384:
1305:
1313:
stories were often dismissed as fantasy. Serious debate concerning the unusual rocks began in 1794 when Ernst
Chladni published a book claiming that such rocks had an extraterrestrial origin (Westrum). Only after Biot was able to analyse the rocks at l'Aigle was it commonly accepted that the fireballs seen in the sky were meteors falling through the atmosphere. Since Biot's time, analysis of meteorites has resulted in accurate measurements of the chemical composition of the solar system. The composition and position of meteors in the solar system have also given astronomers clues as to how the solar system formed.
200:
454:
42:
1356:(LCDs), such as television and computer screens, use light that is polarized by a filter as it enters the liquid crystal, to allow the liquid crystal to modulate the intensity of the transmitted light. This happens as the liquid crystal's polarisation varies in response to an electric control signal applied across it.
351:
for the first scientific hot-air balloon ride to measure how the Earth's magnetic field varies with elevation (NNDB 2009, Reese 2004, O'Connor and
Robertson 1997). They reached a height of 4000 metres (13,100 feet) (NNDB 2009, Reese 2004). Later, in Sept. 1804, a solo flight took Gay-Lussac up to
1312:
Prior to Biot's thorough investigation of the meteorites that fell near l'Aigle, France in 1803, very few truly believed that rocks found on Earth could have extraterrestrial origins. There were anecdotal tales of unusual rocks found on the ground after fireballs had been seen in the sky, but such
1268:
for their work in 1820. In their experiment they showed a connection between electricity and magnetism by "starting with a long vertical wire and a magnetic needle some horizontal distance apart that running a current through the wire caused the needle to move" (Parsley).
406:, he himself visited many workshops and questioned artisans and craftsmen about their methods and vocabulary in order to verify his son's work. Biot's translation remains to this day the only translation into a Western language of this book.
1664:
1344:
In 1815 he demonstrated that "polarized light, when passing through an organic substance, could be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, dependent upon the optical axis of the material." His work in chromatic polarization and
392:, an engineer and Sinologist, born in 1803. Edouard died in 1850 and his father made extraordinary efforts to ready for publication the second half of Edouard's last book, a reference translation of the Chinese classic
1803:, in order to ascertain the reality of a meteor observed in l'Aigle on the 26th of Floréal in the year 11 [Note: The date "26 floréal" on the title page is a typographical error; the meteor shower actually occurred on
1931:
Gounelle, Matthieu (2006). "The meteorite fall at L 'Aigle and the Biot report: exploring the cradle of meteoritics". In Gerald Joseph Home McCall; A. J. Bowden; Richard John
Howarth (eds.).
2320:
1672:
130:
1371:
was first discovered inside a wine container in Iran. The modern application of the substance began in 1768, and in 1832, Jean
Baptiste Biot discovered the physical properties of
2315:
426:
375:
in 1840, awarded by the Royal
Society in the field of thermal or optical properties of matter. (OâConnor and Robertson 1997). In 1850 Jean-Baptiste Biot published in the
2345:
2335:
2064:
2036:
1584:
1807:
floréal (i.e., April 26, 1803) and everywhere else in the text the date "6 floréal" is given as the date of the meteor shower. (Paris, France: Baudouin, 1803).
1011:
144:
1383:
984:
2325:
996:
2330:
1818:Ăber den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen und anderer ihr Ă€hnlicher Eisenmassen und ĂŒber einige damit in Verbindung stehende Naturerscheinungen
1569:
1932:
2076:
1297:). He found that the meteorites, called "stones" at the time, were from outer space. With his report, Biot helped support the German physicist
1260:
Jean-Baptiste Biot made many contributions to the scientific community in his lifetime â most notably in optics, magnetism, and astronomy. The
2340:
2057:
1895:
Parsley, Robert J. "THE BIOT-SAVART OPERATOR AND ELECTRODYNAMICS ON BOUNDED SUBDOMAINS OF THE THREE-SPHERE". University of
Pennsylvania. <
1349:
greatly advanced the field of optics, although it was later shown that his findings could also be obtained using the wave theory of light.
2265:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2021:
1247:
1016:
1800:
Relation d'un voyage fait dans le département de l'Orne, pour constater la réalité d'un météore observé à l'Aigle le 26 floréal an 11
1341:. Biot began his work on polarization to show that the results he was obtaining could appear only if light were made of corpuscles.
2050:
1026:
2360:
2355:
1547:
851:
2260:
1956:
Levitt, Theresa (Sep 2003). "Biot's paper and Arago's plates. Photographic practice and the transparency of representation".
1946:
1921:
1701:
866:
861:
488:
368:
1489:
2144:
876:
398:. It had been left in manuscript, unfinished. To publish it in correct form, Jean-Baptiste Biot wrote, he had to consult
1404:
Récherches expérimentales et mathématiques sur les mouvemens des molécules de la lumiÚre autour de leur centre de gravité
1912:
1873:
Frankel, Eugene. "Corpuscular Optics and the Wave Theory of Light: The
Science and Politics of Revolution in Physics."
1607:
17:
381:
a 7-page memoir from his recollections of the period of the late 1790s and early 1800s concerning his encounters with
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478:
364:
746:
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2255:
661:
2285:
2112:
1771:
1601:
1240:
1006:
483:
1722:
1021:
726:
2192:
1749:
1938:
886:
626:
493:
1632:
616:
359:; he was elected chevalier in 1814 and commander in 1849. In 1815, he was elected a Foreign Member of the
2295:
1179:
1054:
951:
926:
846:
2136:
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1593:
679:
344:
2128:
1375:. The item gained most of its popularity when the French began using it frequently in their cooking.
1233:
1194:
721:
711:
651:
646:
586:
1470:
Précis de l'histoire de l'astronomie planétaire écrit à l'occasion de la découverte de M. Le
Verrier
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2015:
1834:
1638:
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1552:
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1438:
1428:
1418:
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1896:
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666:
402:, the famous Sinologist, but also, especially for the translation of the most difficult part, the
2073:
1495:
1402:
1353:
1278:
1044:
571:
561:
556:
348:
1694:
1169:
1139:
1850:
1352:
Biot's work on the polarization of light has led to many breakthroughs in the field of optics.
1294:
991:
761:
536:
1542:
1360:
are used extensively in photography to cut out unwanted reflections or to enhance reflection.
1329:
of light. Prior to the 19th century, light was believed to consist of discrete packets called
328:
98:
2001:
1995:
1765:
1089:
776:
766:
716:
706:
1798:
1784:
A joint Biot-Savart paper "Note sur le magnétisme de la pile de Volta" was published in the
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1513:
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1214:
1114:
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286:
2176:
1821:
453:
352:
7010 metres (23,000 ft) (quite dangerous without supplementary oxygen (Reese 2004)).
340:
8:
2104:
1884:
Westrum, Ron. "Science and Social
Intelligence about Anomalies: The Case of Meteorites."
1538:
1346:
1261:
1174:
1154:
1149:
956:
941:
826:
796:
691:
621:
377:
274:
112:
2224:
1981:
1334:
789:
591:
551:
116:
1652:
871:
2200:
1985:
1973:
1942:
1917:
1597:
1109:
2160:
1965:
1518:
1209:
1124:
1084:
1074:
961:
916:
899:
816:
751:
521:
445:
399:
356:
214:
120:
199:
1372:
1144:
1069:
1064:
931:
806:
771:
631:
531:
254:
1634:
Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862
1265:
1184:
389:
278:
2232:
2120:
2088:
1483:
1477:
1453:(in Italian). Vol. 5. Napoli: Tipografia del Giornale Enciclopedico. 1818.
1443:(in Italian). Vol. 4. Napoli: Tipografia del Giornale Enciclopedico. 1818.
1433:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Napoli: Tipografia del Giornale Enciclopedico. 1818.
1423:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Napoli: Tipografia del Giornale Enciclopedico. 1818.
1411:
1395:
1104:
1099:
921:
811:
736:
686:
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609:
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541:
511:
504:
1330:
2249:
2216:
2168:
2096:
2042:
2010:
1668:
1298:
1219:
1204:
1189:
1129:
841:
756:
741:
656:
641:
546:
393:
372:
360:
270:
259:
182:
137:
2208:
2184:
1977:
1835:"Phenomene de polarisation successive, observés dans des fluides homogenes"
1199:
1094:
1059:
1001:
936:
856:
821:
701:
576:
2014:
1994:
1837:(Phenomenon of successive polarization, observed in homogeneous fluids),
1820:(Riga, Latvia: Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1794). Available on-line at:
1586:
Former
Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783â2002: Part 1 (AâJ)
1119:
971:
801:
463:
293:
172:
108:
1333:. During the early 19th century, many scientists began to disregard the
1301:'s argument, published in 1794, that meteorites were debris from space.
1286:
1282:
836:
266:
1889:
1878:
1357:
1159:
1134:
946:
468:
403:
332:
309:
305:
282:
262:
168:
41:
1916:. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 133â140.
1969:
1508:
1290:
911:
906:
526:
336:
343:
around 1800, and three years later was elected as a member of the
339:
in 1797. He later went on to become a professor of physics at the
1888:
vol. 8, no.4 Nov. 1978. Sage Publications, Ltd. 15 June 2009 <
1877:
vol. 6, no 2. May 1976. Sage Publications, Ltd. 15 June 2009 <
881:
382:
301:
164:
1582:
1897:
http://users.wfu.edu/parslerj/research/dissertation.parsley.pdf
1322:
966:
473:
324:
on 21 April 1774 the son of Joseph Biot, a treasury official.
223:
1484:Ătudes sur l'astronomie indienne et sur l'astronomie chinoise
410:
321:
1651:
K. M. Reese, Chemical & Engineering News, Vol 82 (2004)
1839:
Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris
241:
226:
2321:
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
2025:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1496:
Recherches sur plusieurs points de l'astronomie Ă©gyptienne
1463:(in French). Paris: Charles Louis Ătienne Bachelier. 1829.
297:
238:
1934:
The History of Meteoritics and Key Meteorite Collections
1822:
Saxon State and University Library at Dresden, Germany
2316:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
335:
before he was appointed professor of mathematics at
235:
220:
1910:Crosland, M.P. (1970â1980). "Biot, Jean-Baptiste".
1653:
https://cen.acs.org/articles/82/i25/Newscripts.html
1321:In 1812, Biot turned his attention to the study of
1264:in magnetism is named after Biot and his colleague
232:
217:
2005:. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1536:
2336:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2247:
1583:C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006).
1412:Traité de physique expérimentale et mathématique
285:, made an early balloon flight, and studied the
2346:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
2072:
2058:
1909:
1851:Jean-Baptiste Biot â Florida State University
1478:Précis de l'histoire de l'astronomie chinoise
1473:(in Italian). Parma: Pietro Fiaccadori. 1854.
1241:
327:He was educated at Lyceum Louis-le-Grand and
1570:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1450:Précis élémentaire de physique expérimentale
1440:Précis élémentaire de physique expérimentale
1430:Précis élémentaire de physique expérimentale
1420:Précis élémentaire de physique expérimentale
367:, and 1822 a Foreign Honorary Member of the
1747:
2065:
2051:
1248:
1234:
452:
40:
2326:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
300:unit of electrical current), the mineral
258:; 21 April 1774 â 3 February 1862) was a
2009:
1930:
1396:Traité élémentaire d'astronomie physique
1382:
1303:
425:
1695:"Book of Members, 1780â2010: Chapter B"
1548:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1407:(in French). Paris: Firmin Didot. 1814.
997:Electromagnetism and special relativity
14:
2248:
1955:
2046:
1702:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1490:Mélanges scientifiques et littéraires
1017:Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
388:Jean-Baptiste Biot had a single son,
369:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
253:
2341:Foreign members of the Royal Society
2145:Jean Charles Dominique de Lacretelle
1378:
1992:
1890:https://www.jstor.org/stable/284819
1879:https://www.jstor.org/stable/284930
1687:
421:
363:of London, in 1816 a member of the
24:
2311:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
2306:19th-century French mathematicians
2301:18th-century French mathematicians
1913:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1903:
1816:Chladni, Ernst Florens Friedrich,
1363:
1316:
25:
2377:
2331:Members of the Académie Française
2030:
1752:Anecdote relative Ă M. de Laplace
1725:Anecdote relative Ă M. de Laplace
371:. In addition, Biot received the
365:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2266:Ăcole des Ponts ParisTech alumni
1999:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1786:Annales de chemie et de physique
1460:Notions élémentaires de statique
1388:Notions élémentaires de statique
213:
198:
1855:
1844:
1827:
1810:
1791:
1778:
320:Jean-Baptiste Biot was born in
2361:French aviation record holders
2356:Flight altitude record holders
2113:Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau
1741:
1715:
1657:
1645:
1625:
1576:
1558:
1530:
355:Biot was also a member of the
13:
1:
1867:
1277:In 1803 Biot was sent by the
1272:
1022:Relativistic electromagnetism
431:Essai de géométrie analytique
281:, established the reality of
1939:Geological Society of London
347:. In July 1804, Biot joined
331:in 1794. Biot served in the
315:
7:
2016:"Biot, Jean Baptiste"
1502:
10:
2382:
2261:Ăcole Polytechnique alumni
2193:François, Vicomte de Curel
1996:"Jean-Baptiste Biot"
1770:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1594:Royal Society of Edinburgh
747:LiĂ©nardâWiechert potential
345:French Academy of Sciences
312:were named in his honour.
2129:Claude de Thiard de Bissy
2083:
1886:Social Studies of Science
1875:Social Studies of Science
1639:D. Appleton & Company
1012:Mathematical descriptions
722:Electromagnetic radiation
712:Electromagnetic induction
652:Magnetic vector potential
647:Magnetic scalar potential
197:
192:
188:
178:
160:
153:
126:
104:
94:
86:
70:
51:
39:
32:
2366:French fluid dynamicists
2137:Joseph-Alphonse Esménard
1553:University of St Andrews
1524:
1398:(Klostermann, 1810â1811)
2022:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1727:par Jean Baptiste Biot"
1480:(impr. impériale, 1861)
1354:Liquid crystal displays
1281:to report back on 3000
562:Electrostatic induction
557:Electrostatic discharge
416:
349:Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
277:of magnetostatics with
2351:French Roman Catholics
2256:French civil engineers
1391:
1309:
992:Electromagnetic tensor
434:
273:who co-discovered the
2286:Scientists from Paris
2002:Catholic Encyclopedia
1993:Fox, William (1907).
1760:: 65â71. FĂ©vrier 1850
1737:: 115â118. June 1850.
1386:
1307:
985:Covariant formulation
777:Synchrotron radiation
717:Electromagnetic pulse
707:Electromagnetic field
429:
390:Ădouard Constant Biot
287:polarization of light
1748:Biot, J. B. (1816).
1731:The Quarterly Review
1641:. 1863. p. 683.
1543:"Jean-Baptiste Biot"
1539:Robertson, Edmund F.
1514:History of the metre
1369:Potassium bitartrate
1339:wave theory of light
1027:Stressâenergy tensor
952:Reluctance (complex)
697:Displacement current
413:on 3 February 1862.
2105:Louis de Courcillon
1833:Biot, J. B. (1815)
1758:Journal des savants
1537:O'Connor, John J.;
1492:(LĂ©vy frĂšres, 1858)
1486:(LĂ©vy frĂšres, 1862)
1414:( Deterville, 1816)
1347:rotary polarization
1325:, particularly the
1295:L'Aigle (meteorite)
942:Magnetomotive force
827:Electromotive force
797:Alternating current
732:Jefimenko equations
692:Cyclotron radiation
378:Journal des savants
329:Ăcole Polytechnique
99:Ăcole Polytechnique
2296:Optical physicists
2153:Jean-Baptiste Biot
2074:Académie française
2039:at Pasteur Brewing
1941:. pp. 73â89.
1675:on 5 November 2018
1613:on 24 January 2013
1392:
1358:Polarizing filters
1335:corpuscular theory
1310:
1279:Académie française
790:Electrical network
627:Gauss magnetic law
592:Static electricity
552:Electric potential
435:
209:Jean-Baptiste Biot
117:Circular dichroism
46:Jean-Baptiste Biot
34:Jean-Baptiste Biot
18:Jean Baptiste Biot
2291:French physicists
2243:
2242:
2201:Charles Le Goffic
2177:Ădouard Pailleron
1948:978-1-86239-194-9
1923:978-0-684-10114-9
1797:J.B. Biot (1803)
1565:"Biot-Savart law"
1379:Selected writings
1258:
1257:
957:Reluctance (real)
927:Gyratorâcapacitor
872:Resonant cavities
762:Maxwell equations
341:CollĂšge de France
206:
205:
179:Academic advisors
155:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
2373:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
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2156:
2148:
2140:
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2100:
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2067:
2060:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2026:
2018:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1952:
1927:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1831:
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1814:
1808:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1671:. Archived from
1665:"Fellow details"
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1606:. Archived from
1591:
1580:
1574:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1534:
1519:Seconds pendulum
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1424:
1408:
1337:in favor of the
1250:
1243:
1236:
917:Electric machine
900:Magnetic circuit
862:Parallel circuit
852:Network analysis
817:Electric current
752:London equations
597:Triboelectricity
587:Potential energy
456:
446:Electromagnetism
437:
436:
422:Electromagnetism
400:Stanislas Julien
357:Legion of Honour
257:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
202:
149:
142:
135:
121:Optical rotation
77:
62:
60:
44:
30:
29:
27:French physicist
21:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2271:Corps des ponts
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2225:Jean d'Ormesson
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2037:Short biography
2033:
1949:
1924:
1906:
1904:Further reading
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1832:
1828:
1815:
1811:
1796:
1792:
1783:
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1746:
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1716:
1706:
1704:
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1663:
1662:
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1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1563:
1559:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1505:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1417:
1401:
1381:
1373:cream of tartar
1366:
1364:Cream of Tartar
1319:
1317:Polarized light
1275:
1262:BiotâSavart law
1254:
1225:
1224:
1040:
1032:
1031:
987:
977:
976:
932:Induction motor
902:
892:
891:
807:Current density
792:
782:
781:
772:Poynting vector
682:
680:Electrodynamics
672:
671:
667:Right-hand rule
632:Magnetic dipole
622:BiotâSavart law
612:
602:
601:
537:Electric dipole
532:Electric charge
507:
424:
419:
318:
275:BiotâSavart law
250:
231:
216:
212:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
119:
115:
113:BiotâSavart law
111:
95:Alma mater
82:
79:
75:
74:3 February 1862
66:
63:
58:
56:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
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2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
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2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:Chantal Thomas
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
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1705:. Retrieved
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1308:Biot in 1851
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1266:FĂ©lix Savart
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1002:Four-current
937:Linear motor
822:Electrolysis
702:Eddy current
662:Permeability
582:Polarization
577:Permittivity
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279:FĂ©lix Savart
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76:(1862-02-03)
2281:1862 deaths
2276:1774 births
1723:"Review of
1707:8 September
972:Transformer
802:Capacitance
727:Faraday law
522:Coulomb law
464:Electricity
409:He died in
308:in eastern
173:mathematics
109:Biot number
87:Nationality
2250:Categories
1868:References
1841:, 190â192.
1603:090219884X
1331:corpuscles
1283:meteorites
1273:Meteorites
1039:Scientists
887:Waveguides
867:Resistance
837:Inductance
617:AmpĂšre law
283:meteorites
267:astronomer
59:1774-04-21
1986:143943335
1195:Steinmetz
1125:Kirchhoff
1110:Jefimenko
1105:Hopkinson
1090:Helmholtz
1085:Heaviside
947:Permeance
832:Impedance
572:Insulator
567:Gauss law
517:Conductor
494:Phenomena
489:Textbooks
469:Magnetism
404:Kaogongji
395:Tcheou-li
333:artillery
316:Biography
310:Greenland
306:Cape Biot
263:physicist
193:Signature
169:astronomy
1978:14626764
1788:in 1820.
1509:Abampere
1503:See also
1291:Normandy
1220:Wiechert
1175:Poynting
1065:Einstein
912:DC motor
907:AC motor
742:Lenz law
527:Electret
337:Beauvais
145:ForMemRS
2077:seat 12
1287:L'Aigle
1205:Thomson
1180:Ritchie
1170:Poisson
1155:Neumann
1150:Maxwell
1145:Lorentz
1140:Liénard
1070:Faraday
1055:Coulomb
882:Voltage
857:Ohm law
479:History
383:Laplace
302:biotite
251:French:
165:Physics
57: (
2235:(2021)
2227:(1973)
2219:(1946)
2211:(1932)
2203:(1930)
2195:(1918)
2187:(1900)
2179:(1882)
2171:(1876)
2163:(1863)
2155:(1856)
2147:(1811)
2139:(1810)
2131:(1750)
2123:(1732)
2115:(1723)
2107:(1682)
2099:(1655)
2091:(1634)
1984:
1976:
1945:
1920:
1679:19 May
1600:
1390:, 1829
1323:optics
1190:Singer
1185:Savart
1165:Ărsted
1130:Larmor
1120:Kelvin
1075:Fizeau
1045:AmpĂšre
967:Stator
474:Optics
433:, 1826
304:, and
269:, and
260:French
161:Fields
148:(1815)
141:(1840)
134:(1850)
127:Awards
90:French
1982:S2CID
1892:>.
1881:>.
1698:(PDF)
1611:(PDF)
1590:(PDF)
1525:Notes
1289:, in
1215:Weber
1210:Volta
1200:Tesla
1115:Joule
1100:Hertz
1095:Henry
1080:Gauss
962:Rotor
411:Paris
322:Paris
1974:PMID
1958:Isis
1943:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1899:>
1772:link
1709:2016
1681:2016
1619:2015
1598:ISBN
1135:Lenz
1060:Davy
1050:Biot
417:Work
294:biot
292:The
171:and
71:Died
52:Born
1966:doi
1160:Ohm
298:CGS
296:(a
2252::
2019:.
1980:.
1972:.
1962:94
1960:.
1937:.
1768:}}
1764:{{
1756:.
1735:87
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239:j
236:b
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230:,
221:b
218:Ë
215:/
211:(
61:)
20:)
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