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358:, saw a beast "like a wolf, yet not a wolf" come at her. However, the bulls in the herd charged the beast, keeping it at bay. They then drove it off after it attacked a second time. Shortly afterwards, on 30 June, the beast's first official victim was recorded: 14-year-old Jeanne Boulet was killed near the village of Les Hubacs near Langogne. On 1 July, this victim was buried "without sacraments" because she could not confess before her death. However, the burial certificate specifies that she was killed by "the ferocious beast" (French: la bette féroce), which suggests that she is not the first victim but only the first declared. A second victim was reported on 8 August. Aged 14, she lived in the hamlet of Masméjean, in the parish of
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756:, in spite of the dilapidation to which the worms had reduced it and the fall of all the hairs, following the heat of the end of July and the beginning of August, in spite of still the bad odor which it gave off, after a serious examination, judged that it was only a big wolf (...) As soon as Mr. de Buffon had made the examination of this animal, Gibert hastened to have it buried because of its great stench and he said he had been so inconvenienced by it that he was sick and bedridden for more than 15 days in Paris. He suffered from this disease for more than 6 years and he even attributed to this bad smell that he breathed for so long the poor health he has always been burdened with since that time.
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839:'s departure, it did not seem to fear man. When it encountered resistance, it would move "40 paces" away, sometimes sitting on its hindquarters for a few moments and, if not pursued, would come back to the charge. Then it would move away at a walk or a short trot. Several victims were attacked in the middle of villages and most of the testimonies related to attacks during the day. Finally, by showing a relentlessness that did not always seem dictated by hunger, the beast showed an astonishing aggressiveness. In addition, its unusual agility allowed it to jump over walls that a dog could not cross.
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The women took a few steps back but the beast threw itself on Marie-Jeanne. The latter managed to plant her spear into its chest. The beast dropped into the river and disappeared into the woods. The story quickly reached
Antoine, who went to the scene. He found that the spear was indeed covered in blood and that the traces found were similar to those of the beast. In a letter to Saint-Florentin, Minister of the King's House, comparing Marie-Jeanne to
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as they tended livestock in the forests around Gévaudan. Reports note that the beast seemed only to target the victim's head or neck regions. Some witnesses claimed the beast had supernatural abilities. They believed it could walk on its hind legs and feet like humans. They believed the beast performed astounding leaps. They also believed the beast could repel bullets and come back from the dead after being struck and wounded.
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622:. On 2 December, two boys aged 6 and 12 were further attacked, suggesting that the beast was still alive. The beast tried to capture the youngest, but it was successfully fought off by the older boy. Soon after, successful attacks followed and some of the shepherds witnessed that the beast showed no fear around cattle at all. A dozen more deaths are reported to have followed attacks near
823:, with a flattened snout, pointed ears, and a wide mouth sitting atop a broad chest. The beast's tail was also reported to have been notably longer than a wolf's, with a prominent tuft at the end. The beast's fur was described as tawny or russet in colour but its back was streaked with black, and a white heart-shaped pattern was noted on its underbelly.
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Boulanger acquired them, precluding conclusive identification of the animal. The beast was then exhibited at the château, where the
Marquis d'Apcher lavishly received crowds, which thronged to see the remains. Numerous testimonies from victims of attacks enriched the Marin Report. The beast stayed in Besque for a dozen days.
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49 injuries; 98 of the victims killed were partly eaten. Other sources claim the animal or animals killed between 60 and 100 adults and children and injured more than 30. Victims were often killed by having their throats torn out. The beast was reported killed several times before the attacks finally stopped.
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The
Marquis d'Apcher instructed a servant named Gibert to take the beast to Versailles to show it to the king. According to an oral tradition reported by Abbot Pourcher and repeated by several authors, Jean Chastel would have been on the trip, but Louis XV would have disdainfully rejected him because
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At the beginning of 1767, the attacks experienced a slight lull, but they resumed in the spring. The populace no longer knew what to do, except to pray. Pilgrimages were increasing, mainly to Notre-Dame-de-Beaulieu and Notre-Dame-d'Estours. On 18 June, it was reported to the
Marquis d'Apcher that the
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From the end of August and in
September, other victims were recorded in the Mercoire Forest or its surroundings. Throughout the remainder of 1764, more attacks were reported in the region. Very soon, terror gripped the populace because the beast was repeatedly preying on lone men, women, and children
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was responsible, since some sightings were of an animal that looked similar to a wolf, but was not one. In a 2021 talk by François-Louis
Pelissier, based on the described appearance of the animal and specific details of behaviour and what can be inferred about historical distribution, he argued that
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by Dr. Boulanger, a surgeon at
Saugues. Dr. Boulanger's post-mortem report was transcribed by the royal notary Roch Étienne Marin and is known as the "Marin Report" on the beast; the results of the examination were consistent with a large wolf or wolf-dog, but the remains were incomplete by the time
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woods to chase down the beast's female partner and her two grown pups, which had been reported near the Abbey of Chazes. On 19 October, Antoine succeeded in killing the female wolf and a pup, which seemed already larger than its mother. At the examination of the pup, it appeared to have a double set
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On 11 August, Antoine organised a great hunt. That day saw the feat of the "Maid of Gévaudan". Marie-Jeanne Vallet, about 20 years old, was the servant of the parish priest of
Paulhac. In the company of other peasant women, she was taking a footbridge to cross a small stream when the beast appeared.
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By late
December 1764, rumors had begun circulating that there might be a pair of animals behind the killings. This was because there had been such a high number of attacks in such a short space of time and because many of the attacks appeared to have occurred or were reported nearly simultaneously.
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used a considerable amount of wealth and manpower to hunt the animals responsible, including the resources of several nobles, soldiers, royal huntsmen, and civilians. The number of victims differs according to the source. A 1987 study estimated there had been 210 attacks, resulting in 113 deaths and
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The measures taken proved ineffective. Small hunts were organised in vain. The beast continued its attacks throughout 1766. But its mode of operation had changed: it seemed less enterprising and much more cautious, as revealed by various correspondence, including that of Canon Ollier, parish priest
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featured La Bete du Gévaudan as the primary antagonist in the second part of its fifth season, with the episode 'Maid of
Gevaudan' retelling the original legend. It was first mentioned in the season 1 episode 'Magic Bullet' linking the legend to the Argent family, which is later explained in the
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The Marin Report describes the creature as a wolf of unusually large proportions: "This animal which seemed to us to be a wolf; But extraordinary and very different by its figure and its proportions from the wolves that one sees in this country. This is what we have certified by more than three
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The killing of the creature that eventually marked the end of the attacks is credited to a local hunter named Jean Chastel, who shot it at the slopes of Mont Mouchet (now called la Sogne d'Auvers) during a hunt organised by the Marquis d'Apchier on 19 June 1767. In 1889, Abbot Pourcher told the
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after the nearby Abbaye des Chazes, was said to have been quite large for a wolf. Antoine officially stated: "We declare by the present report signed from our hand, we never saw a big wolf that could be compared to this one. Hence, we believe this could be the fearsome beast that caused so much
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and his troops were soon sent to Gévaudan. Although extremely zealous in his efforts, non-cooperation on the part of the local herders and farmers stalled Duhamel's efforts. On several occasions he almost shot the beast, but was hampered by the incompetence of his guards. When the village of Le
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The attacks, which covered an area spanning 90 by 80 kilometres (56 by 50 mi), were said to have been committed by one or more beasts of a tawny/russet colour with dark streaks/stripes and a dark stripe down its back, a tail "longer than a wolf's" ending in a tuft according to contemporary
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Until the beginning of 1766, these facts remained episodic and no one knew if they were attributable to the beast or to wolves. However, in a letter he wrote to the intendant of Auvergne on 1 January 1766, Monsieur de Montluc seemed convinced that the beast had indeed reappeared. The intendant
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and English journalists made fun of the impotence of royal power in the face of a simple animal. Meanwhile, the local bishop and the intendants had to deal with an influx of mail; people from all over France suggesting more or less eccentric methods to overcome the beast. The court also issued
819:, although none of the killed animals have been preserved, the beast was generally described as a wolf-like canine with a tall, lean frame capable of taking great strides. It was said to be the size of a calf, a cow, or, in some cases, a horse. It had an elongated head similar to that of a
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edifying oral tradition which said that the pious hero Chastel shot the creature after reciting his prayers but the historical accounts do not report any such thing. The story about the large-caliber bullets, home-made with Virgin Mary's medals, is a literary invention by the French writer
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were a very serious problem during the era, not only in France but throughout Europe, with thousands of deaths attributed to wolves in the 18th century alone. In the spring of 1765, in the midst of the Gévaudan hysteria, an unrelated series of attacks occurred near the commune of
394:. This appeal has remained in history under the name of "commandment of the Bishop of Mende". All the priests of the diocese had to announce it to their faithful. In this long text, the bishop described the beast as a scourge sent by God to punish men for their sins. He quoted
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The attacks in Gévaudan ceased definitively. The authorities of the diocese granted rewards to the hunters: Jean Chastel received 72 livres on 9 September; Jean Terrisse received 78 livres on 17 September; the hunters who accompanied them shared 312 livres on 3 May 1768.
859:, this memoir was discovered in 1952 by the historian Élise Seguin. It provides precise information on "This animal which seemed to us to be a wolf; But extraordinary and very different by its figure and its proportions from the wolves that one sees in this country."
835:. In a very short interval of time, it would have been seen in places several kilometres away. However, in many cases, these distances could be covered by a single animal. Two of the beast's most singular traits were its familiarity and his boldness. At least until
637:. Étienne Lafont and the young Marquis d'Apcher, a local nobleman, recommend poisoning the corpses of dogs and carrying them to the usual passages of the beast. But the latter did not seem to cover as much ground as before; it settled in the Trois Monts region—
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who had contented himself with replacing the entrails with straw, gave off a stench that the heat made even more unbearable. However, this version is called into question by the testimony of the servant of the Marquis d'Apcher, collected in 1809:
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eyewitnesses. It was said to attack with formidable teeth and claws, and appeared to be the size of a calf or cow and seemed to fly or bound across fields towards its victims. These descriptions from the period could identify the beast as a young
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It emerges that Jean Chastel did not accompany Gibert to Paris. Likewise, the servant never presented the remains of the beast to the court of Louis XV. Finally, Buffon left no document on this subject. Neither kept in the collections of the
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dog breed. The other pup was shot and hit and was believed to have died while retreating between the rocks. Antoine returned to Paris on 3 November and received a large sum of money (over 9,000 livres) as well as fame, titles, and awards.
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alerted the king, but Louis XV no longer wanted to hear about a ferocious beast that his arquebus bearer had overcome. From then on, newspapers no longer reported any of the attacks that occurred in Gévaudan or in the south of Auvergne.
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depictions of the beast in Gévaudan so that "everyone less terrified at his approach and less likely to be mistaken" and so that the packs of hunting dogs could be trained to chase the beast thanks to an effigy "executed in cardboard".
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Various questions about the nature of the Beast of Gévaudan have aroused interest and contributed to the enthusiasm for its history. Descriptions of the time vary, and reports may have been greatly exaggerated, owing to public
78:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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The month of November passed without any attack being reported. The populace dared to believe that Antoine had indeed killed the beast. In a letter from 26 November, the syndic Étienne Lafont affirmed to the intendant of
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damage." The animal was further identified as the culprit by several attack survivors, who recognised the scars on its body inflicted by victims defending themselves. Among them were Marie-Jeanne Vallet and her sister.
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When Louis XV agreed to send two professional wolf hunters, Jean Charles Marc Antoine Vaumesle d'Enneval and his son Jean-François, Captain Duhamel was forced to stand down and return to his headquarters in
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Several tales spoke of the beast's invulnerability. Indeed, hit by the bullets of reputedly skilled shooters, the beast would have risen each time. Testimonies attributed to the beast a gift of
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parties while d'Enneval and his son believed the beast could only be shot using stealthy techniques. Father and son D'Enneval arrived in Clermont-Ferrand on 17 February 1765, bringing eight
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of Mr. de la Rochefoucault to whom he at the same time gave a letter in which Mr. d'Apchier begged the lord to inform the king of the happy deliverance of the monster (...) The king was at
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Portrait of the Hyena, ferocious Beast that desolates the Gevaudan, seen by Mr. Duhamel Officer of the Dragoons volunteers of Clermont, detached to the pursuit of this dangerous animal.
433:, was buried a little girl "about twelve years old who had been partly devoured on the present day by a man-eating beast that has been ravaging this country for nearly three months".
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In March 1766, the attacks multiplied. The local gentlemen now knew that their salvation would not come from the court. On 24 March, the Particular Estates of Gévaudan were held at
1394:(in French), Mémoire de Master, Études européennes et américaines, filière France. Université d'Oslo, Institut de littérature, civilisation et langues européennes, 2016, p. 166–173
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killed at least four people over a period of two days before being tracked and killed by a man armed with a pitchfork. Such incidents were fairly typical in rural parts of both
2039:(in French), Mémoire de Master, Études européennes et américaines, filière France. Université d'Oslo, Institut de littérature, civilisation et langues européennes, 2016, p. 153
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The Beast of Gévaudan committed its first recorded attack in the early summer of 1764. A young woman, who was tending cattle in the Mercoire Forest near the town of
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An 18th-century print of the fight of Jacques Portefaix and his companions against the beast. One of the children holds his cheek, partly torn off by the animal.
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In spite of these divine pleas, the massacre continued. On 12 January 1765, Jacques Portefaix and seven children from the village of Villaret, in the parish of
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on 1 October, where he was hailed as a hero. The beast was exhibited in the Jardins du Roi. Meanwhile, François Antoine and his gamekeepers stayed in the
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The year 1764 and 1 July was buried Jeane Boulet without sacraments, having been killed by the ferocious beast present Joseph Vigi(er) and Jean Rebour.
417:, were attacked by the beast. After several attacks, they drove it away by staying grouped together. The encounter eventually came to the attention of
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Some contemporary accounts suggest the creature was seen with another such animal, while others report that the beast was accompanied by its young.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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measuring 80 cm (31 in) high, 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) long and weighing 60 kg (130 lb). The wolf, which was named
495:, believing that one or more of these animals was the beast. However, when the attacks continued, the D'Ennevals were replaced in June 1765 by
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878:. The document also describes the animal's wounds and scars. Finally, it includes the testimonies of several people who recognised it.
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to Portefaix and another 350 livres to be shared among his companions. The king also rewarded Portefaix with an education at the
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beasts roamed Gévaudan, but deaths attributed to a beast were more likely the work of a number of wolves or packs of wolves.
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Archives départementales de l'Ardèche, commune de Saint-Étienne-de-Lugdares, Baptêmes, mariages et sépultures de 1757 à 1780
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On 20 June 1767, the day after the death of the animal killed by Jean Chastel, the royal notary Roch Étienne Marin wrote an
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Despite the widely held interpretation based on most of the historical research that the beast was a wolf or another wild
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On 31 December, the Bishop of Mende Gabriel-Florent de Choiseul-Beaupré, also Count of Gévaudan, called for prayers and
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1029:, is an action film based on the legend. In the film, the Beast is a lion dressed up in armor to mask its identity.
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The body was then loaded onto a horse and brought to the Château de Besque of the Marquis d'Apchier, located in
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After the report was written, François Antoine's son loaded the animal onto his horse and set off for Paris. At
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1047:, a 2022 movie set in late-19th-century France, features the beast as a gypsy curse placed on a French village.
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429:. He then decreed that the French state would help find and kill the beast. On 11 February, in the parish of
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614:: "We no longer hear of anything relating to the beast". But quickly, rumors spread of new attacks, towards
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2161:"Carnivore Attacks on Humans in Historic France and Germany: To Which Species Did the Attackers Belong?"
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Report of the examination of the animal's body addressed to the intendant of Auvergne on 20 June 1767.
2178:"Cronch Cats, Beasts of Gévaudan, Dinosauroids, Mesozoic Art and Much More: TetZooMCon 2021 in Review"
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718:(1739). The remains of the beast killed by Jean Chastel were probably buried in the garden of this
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1418:"1 MI EC 090/4 - Baptêmes, mariages, sépultures - 1719-1772 Archives départementales de la Lozère"
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2225:"'Sons Of Anarchy's Kurt Sutter Makes Film Helming Debut On 'This Beast' For Blumhouse, Netflix"
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1507:"C 44-1 - Estampe représentant la chasse de la bête du Gévaudan (avril 1765). C 44-1 - 1765"
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La Bête du Gévaudan. Les auteurs du XVIIIe, XIXe, XXe siècle: historiens ou conteurs ?
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Artist's conception of one of the Beasts of Gévaudan, 18th-century engraving by A.F. of
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According to Michel Louis, 22% of the victims were attacked in the middle of villages.
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that had been trained in wolf hunting. Over the next four months, the pair hunted for
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Histoire du méchant loup : 3000 attaques sur l'homme en France (XVe–XXe siècle)
1337:"12 Facts About The Beast, Of Gevaudan, The Wolflike Creature Who Terrorized France"
1533:"C 44-2 - Représentation de la bête du Gévaudan sous forme de hyène. C 44-2 - 1765"
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499:(sometimes wrongly identified with his son, Antoine de Beauterne), the king's sole
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The report also details the dental formula. The upper jaw consists of 20 teeth: 6
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1674:"How An Ancient Volcano Helped A Man-Eating Wolf Terrorize 18th Century France"
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Wolf-Hunting in France in the Reign of Louis XV: The Beast of the Gévaudan
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bearer and lieutenant of the Hunt, who arrived in Le Malzieu on 22 June.
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By April 1765, the story of the beast had spread throughout Europe. The
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2316:(in French). Mende: Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de la Lozère.
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459:(also known as the "Maid of Gévaudan") defending herself from the beast
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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at the time and, according to the news he was told, he gave orders to
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beast had been seen the day before in the parishes of Nozeyrolles and
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1470:(in French), Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux, Pierre Pourcher, 1889, chap. 17
1407:(in French), Saint-Martin-de-Boubaux, Pierre Pourcher, 1889, chap. 10
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2131:"Solving the Mystery of the 18th-Century Killer 'Beast of Gévaudan'"
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Fabre, François (2006). "Appendix: table of victims of the Beast".
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Solving the Mystery of the 18th-Century Killer "Beast of Gévaudan"
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beast encounters could most likely be blamed on the Italian wolf
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at the time of the attacks contributed to widespread myths that
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The wolf shot by François Antoine displayed at the court of
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La bête des Cévennes et la bête du Gévaudan en 50 questions
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Sur les traces de la bête du Gévaudan et de ses victimes
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Histoire de la bête du Gévaudan, véritable fléau de Dieu
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Histoire de la bête du Gévaudan, véritable fléau de Dieu
1211:"The Fear of Wolves: A Review of Wolf Attacks on Humans"
2252:"The Cursed [Original title: Eight for Silver]"
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La Bête du Gévaudan : l'animal pluriel (1764-1767)
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La Bête du Gévaudan : l'animal pluriel (1764-1767)
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La Bête du Gévaudan, édition complétée par Jean Richard
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La Bête du Gévaudan, édition complétée par Jean Richard
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Pourcher, Pierre (1889). Translated by Brockis, Derek
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report at the Marquis d'Apcher's Château de Besque in
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Gibert finally arrived in Paris, went to stay at the
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hundred people from all around who came to see it."
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2487:(in French). Bouillon: De l'Imprimerie du Journal.
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2582:Monsters of the Gévaudan: The Making of a Beast
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529:slaying the wolf of Chazes on 21 September 1765
2604:"Skeptoid #732: Hunting the Beast of Gevausan"
2594:Beast of Gévaudan web site (various languages)
2426:La bête du Gévaudan à travers 250 ans d'images
1281:"When the Beast of Gévaudan Terrorized France"
555:On 20 or 21 September, Antoine killed a large
113:accompanying your translation by providing an
62:Click for important translation instructions.
49:expand this article with text translated from
2323:La bête du Gévaudan: une énigme de l'histoire
2295:Gévaudan: petites histoires de la grande bête
2014:(in French), edition 2006, part II, chapter 2
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
410:were observed for three consecutive Sundays.
265:animal or animals that terrorized the former
2657:History of Occitania (administrative region)
1704:(in French), edition 2006, part I, chapter 8
1625:(in French), edition 2006, part I, chapter 7
1573:(in French), edition 2006, part I, chapter 6
1278:
155:
2500:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2423:
2023:
1606:
1594:
511:, he nicknamed her the "Maid of Gévaudan".
2407:La bête du Gévaudan: l'innocence des loups
1265:
664:
2424:Mazel, Éric; Garcin, Pierre-Yves (2008).
1315:
1313:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
261:) is the historic name associated with a
2533:
2482:
2463:
2442:
2320:
2311:
2293:Baud'huin, Benoît; Bonet, Alain (2018).
2088:
2076:
2048:
1929:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1797:
1737:
1696:
1694:
1659:
1582:
1454:
1365:(in French). Clermont-Ferrand: De Borée.
1324:(in French). Clermont-Ferrand: De Borée.
982:(namely a subadult male) escaped from a
921:
793:
709:
673:Stele erected in July 1995 in honour of
668:
600:
450:
377:
337:
2598:
2514:
2379:La Bête du Gévaudan: légende et réalité
2348:
2329:
2222:
2129:Taake, Karl-Haans (27 September 2016).
2116:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1671:
1279:Boissoneault, Lorraine (26 June 2017).
926:Depiction of a hyena and a bear in the
752:to visit and examine this animal. This
649:—about 15 km (9.3 mi) apart.
362:. These two victims were killed in the
342:Burial certificate of Jeanne Boulet in
14:
2619:
2395:
1749:
1334:
1310:
1194:
705:
373:
2491:
2409:. Tempus (in French). Paris: Perrin.
2404:
2376:
2372:(in French). Paris: Librairie Floury.
2367:
2128:
2104:
2060:
1965:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1848:
1725:
1713:
1691:
1557:
1537:Archives départementales de l'Hérault
1511:Archives départementales de l'Hérault
1485:Archives départementales de l'Hérault
1442:
1422:Archives départementales de la Lozère
1378:
1360:
1319:
1035:will make a feature film produced by
936:According to modern scholars, public
729:the remains, summarily stuffed by an
446:
248:
2466:La bête du Gévaudan : 1764-1767
1244:
31:
2159:Taake, Karl-Haans (February 2020).
1335:Nelson, January (28 January 2019).
1175:
1161:
1154:Located in today's municipality of
1148:
1141:Located in today's municipality of
1135:
771:Louis Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld
24:
2223:Fleming, Mike Jr. (8 March 2021).
1121:
1014:
681:. Sculpture by Philippe Kaeppelin.
475:river, Duhamel became frustrated.
402:and the divine threats uttered by
125:{{Translated|fr|Bête du Gévaudan}}
25:
2718:
2554:
1636:"Beauceron Dog Breed Information"
1054:released in 2022 a single titled
653:of Lorcières, to Étienne Lafont.
2560:
2519:(in French). Éditions du Signe.
1247:"What was the Beast of Gévaudan"
908:
899:
890:
596:
534:
518:
36:
2285:
2264:
2244:
2216:
2196:
2170:
2153:
2122:
2029:
2004:
1991:
1971:
1814:"Hunting the Beast of Gevaudan"
1672:Bressan, David (28 June 2017).
1665:
1628:
1563:
1525:
1499:
1473:
1460:
1410:
1397:
1384:
777:, would be demolished in 1825.
2334:(in French). Alcide Éditions.
1354:
1328:
1298:
1127:The burial certificate reads:
784:
455:An 18th-century print showing
273:(consisting of the modern-day
123:You may also add the template
27:Man-eating animal in the 1760s
13:
1:
2534:Thompson, Richard H. (1991).
1109:
917:
789:
525:An 18th-century engraving of
463:First Captain Duhamel of the
333:
2682:Individual animals in France
2578:The New York Review of Books
2464:Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2008).
2443:Moriceau, Jean-Marc (2007).
2325:(in French). Félix Buffière.
1114:
826:
7:
2652:Events of the Ancien Régime
2330:Chabrol, Jean-Paul (2018).
2135:National Geographic Society
1072:
955:, northeast of Paris, when
95:will aid in categorization.
10:
2723:
2677:French legendary creatures
2647:Deaths due to wolf attacks
2580:, June 9, 2011; review of
2396:Gibert, Jean-Marc (1993).
2353:(in French). Guy Crouzet.
2351:La grande peur du Gévaudan
1954:Baud'huin & Bonet 2018
1942:Baud'huin & Bonet 2018
1064:Teen Wolf (2011 TV series)
804:National Library of France
328:
70:Machine translation, like
2515:Soulier, Bernard (2016).
2483:Rousseau, Pierre (1765).
2381:(in French). Debaisieux.
2377:Favre, Jean-Paul (2017).
2001:(in French), edition 2006
1981:AuthorHokuse, 2006, p. 5
344:Saint-Étienne-de-Lugdarès
211:
203:
179:
171:
154:
51:the corresponding article
2496:Monsters of the Gévaudan
2368:Fabre, François (1930).
2321:Buffière, Félix (1994).
2312:Buffière, Félix (1985).
1188:
884:French National Archives
857:French National Archives
765:in Paris, nor buried in
250:[labɛtdyʒevodɑ̃]
2687:Individual wild animals
2314:"Ce tant rude" Gévaudan
2024:Mazel & Garcin 2008
1607:Mazel & Garcin 2008
1595:Mazel & Garcin 2008
1167:The description reads:
1022:Brotherhood of the Wolf
665:Killing by Jean Chastel
354:in the eastern part of
293:between 1764 and 1767.
134:For more guidance, see
2574:The Wolf Man's Revenge
2492:Smith, Jay M. (2011).
2485:Journal encyclopédique
2405:Louis, Michel (2003).
1172:
1132:
933:
807:
758:
725:
682:
679:La Besseyre-Saint-Mary
624:La Besseyre-Saint-Mary
606:
460:
383:
347:
346:(Ardèche), 1 July 1764
258:
241:
160:
2590:(National Geographic)
2449:(in French). Fayard.
2349:Crouzet, Guy (2001).
2279:Accessed June 6, 2024
1979:The Beast of Gevaudan
1168:
1128:
1037:Blumhouse Productions
925:
797:
736:
713:
672:
604:
454:
408:Forty Hours' Devotion
381:
341:
259:La Bèstia de Gavaudan
193:La Bèstia de Gavaudan
159:
136:Knowledge:Translation
107:copyright attribution
2569:at Wikimedia Commons
1752:, p. 24–25; 64.
1640:American Kennel Club
1143:Paulhac-en-Margeride
1084:List of wolf attacks
1025:(2001), directed by
802:. Collection of the
2538:. E. Mellen Press.
2370:La Bête du Gévaudan
2206:(Director) (2001).
2012:La Bête du Gévaudan
1999:La Bête du Gévaudan
1702:La Bête du Gévaudan
1623:La Bête du Gévaudan
1571:La Bête du Gévaudan
1307:(in French), p. 113
1050:German power metal
855:. Preserved in the
706:Fate of the remains
457:Marie Jeanne Vallet
374:Increased attention
287:Margeride Mountains
242:La Bête du Gévaudan
184:La bête du Gévaudan
151:
2637:1767 animal deaths
2230:Deadline Hollywood
2209:Le Pacte des Loups
2184:. 9 September 2021
2141:on 4 February 2021
1968:, p. 159–160.
1956:, p. 210–211.
1920:, p. 178–179.
1896:, p. 157–158.
1875:on 19 January 2021
1863:"Le rapport Marin"
1788:, p. 156–158.
1776:, p. 193–195.
1716:, p. 129–138.
1381:, p. 111–116.
1245:Williams, Joseph.
1223:on 9 December 2008
1156:Monistrol-d'Allier
957:an individual wolf
934:
843:The "Marin Report"
808:
726:
683:
677:in the village of
607:
461:
447:Royal intervention
439:Courrier d'Avignon
421:, who awarded 300
384:
348:
161:
149:
115:interlanguage link
2692:Individual wolves
2627:Beast of Gévaudan
2567:Beast of Gévaudan
2565:Media related to
2526:978-2-7468-2573-4
2507:978-0-674-04716-7
2475:978-2-0358-4173-5
2456:978-2-2136-2880-6
2435:978-2-3569-8003-8
2416:978-2-7028-4485-4
2388:978-2-9133-8196-4
2360:978-2-9516-7190-4
2341:978-2-3759-1028-3
2304:978-2-3787-3070-3
2272:Beast of Gévaudan
2212:(Motion picture).
2035:Laurent Mourlat,
1466:Pierre Pourcher,
1403:Pierre Pourcher,
1390:Laurent Mourlat,
1253:. History Channel
1251:historyhannel.com
948:Attacks by wolves
741:hôtel particulier
721:hôtel particulier
561:Le Loup de Chazes
322:Kingdom of France
289:of south-central
234:Beast of Gévaudan
230:
229:
150:Beast of Gévaudan
147:
146:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
2714:
2613:
2602:(16 June 2020).
2572:Robert Darnton,
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2191:
2189:
2182:Tetrapod Zoology
2174:
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2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2137:. Archived from
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2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
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2058:
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1989:
1975:
1969:
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1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
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1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1868:. Archived from
1867:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1829:
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1604:
1598:
1597:, p. 48–49.
1592:
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1222:
1215:
1207:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1056:Bete de Gevaudan
912:
903:
894:
837:François Antoine
538:
527:François Antoine
522:
497:François Antoine
481:Clermont-Ferrand
252:
247:
152:
148:
126:
120:
94:
93:|topic=
91:, and specifying
76:Google Translate
61:
57:
40:
39:
32:
21:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2672:French folklore
2617:
2616:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2527:
2508:
2476:
2457:
2436:
2417:
2389:
2361:
2342:
2305:
2288:
2283:
2269:
2265:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2221:
2217:
2204:Christophe Gans
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1992:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
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1876:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1800:, p. 1172.
1796:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
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1756:
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1736:
1732:
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1699:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1670:
1666:
1662:, p. 1167.
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1585:, p. 1163.
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1531:
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1516:
1514:
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1389:
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1355:
1345:
1343:
1341:Thought Catalog
1333:
1329:
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1311:
1303:
1299:
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1266:
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1176:
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1153:
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1140:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1089:Wolf of Ansbach
1075:
1027:Christophe Gans
1017:
1015:Cultural legacy
920:
913:
904:
895:
845:
829:
792:
787:
708:
697:, where it was
667:
599:
553:
552:
551:
550:
549:
539:
531:
530:
523:
493:Eurasian wolves
465:Clermont Prince
449:
427:state's expense
396:Saint Augustine
376:
336:
331:
245:
191:
167:
143:
142:
141:
124:
118:
92:
64:
41:
37:
28:
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5:
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2649:
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2639:
2634:
2632:1764 in France
2629:
2615:
2614:
2600:Dunning, Brian
2596:
2591:
2585:
2570:
2556:
2555:External links
2553:
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2119:, p. 111.
2109:
2107:, p. 159.
2097:
2081:
2079:, p. 463.
2069:
2053:
2051:, p. 367.
2041:
2028:
2016:
2010:Michel Louis,
2003:
1997:Michel Louis,
1990:
1987:978-1467014632
1970:
1958:
1946:
1944:, p. 208.
1934:
1932:, p. 246.
1922:
1910:
1908:, p. 148.
1898:
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1847:
1845:, p. 238.
1830:
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1790:
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1764:, p. 109.
1754:
1742:
1730:
1728:, p. 149.
1718:
1706:
1700:Michel Louis,
1690:
1664:
1652:
1627:
1621:Michel Louis,
1611:
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1569:Michel Louis,
1562:
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1457:, p. 124.
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1079:List of wolves
1074:
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965:Central Europe
961:Western Europe
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815:. In terms of
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172:First attested
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2089:Rousseau 1765
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2077:Moriceau 2007
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2049:Thompson 1991
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2013:
2007:
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1994:
1988:
1984:
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1967:
1962:
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1930:Moriceau 2008
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1660:Buffière 1985
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1609:, p. 65.
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1583:Buffière 1985
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2286:Bibliography
2270:
2266:
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2228:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2186:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2165:ResearchGate
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2139:the original
2124:
2117:Chabrol 2018
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2100:
2084:
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2056:
2044:
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2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1978:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1870:the original
1821:. Retrieved
1817:
1793:
1786:Crouzet 2001
1781:
1774:Soulier 2016
1769:
1762:Crouzet 2001
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1701:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1655:
1645:21 September
1643:. Retrieved
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1541:. Retrieved
1536:
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1510:
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1489:. Retrieved
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1344:. Retrieved
1340:
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1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1284:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1225:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1177:
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1129:
1123:
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946:
942:supernatural
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830:
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775:Rue de Seine
759:
739:
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719:
692:
684:
675:Jean Chastel
655:
651:
639:Mont Mouchet
632:
628:
608:
566:
560:
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485:wolf hunting
477:
462:
437:
435:
415:Chanaleilles
412:
389:
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368:
349:
319:
295:
281:and part of
233:
231:
222:and part of
218:(modern-day
192:
183:
111:edit summary
102:
82:
56:
48:
29:
18:Jean Chastel
2188:18 November
2145:20 February
1823:28 February
1750:Gibert 1993
1539:(in French)
1513:(in French)
1487:(in French)
1424:(in French)
1285:Smithsonian
1061:MTV series
785:Description
647:Montchauvet
569:Saint-Flour
509:Joan of Arc
489:bloodhounds
360:Puy-Laurent
283:Haute-Loire
224:Haute-Loire
58:(July 2024)
2702:Werewolves
2697:Man-eaters
2621:Categories
2105:Favre 2017
2091:, p.
2063:, p.
2061:Smith 2011
1966:Fabre 1930
1918:Louis 2003
1906:Favre 2017
1894:Fabre 1930
1726:Fabre 1930
1714:Fabre 1930
1558:Fabre 1930
1443:Fabre 1930
1379:Fabre 1930
1110:References
1044:The Cursed
918:Hypotheses
817:morphology
790:Morphology
754:naturalist
731:apothecary
716:Turgot map
699:necropsied
643:Mont Grand
577:Versailles
547:Versailles
431:Le Malzieu
334:Beginnings
309:, a large
305:, a large
285:), in the
275:department
263:man-eating
2667:Occitania
1543:30 August
1517:30 August
1491:30 August
1428:30 August
1115:Footnotes
1094:Hellhound
1052:Powerwolf
992:feral dog
984:menagerie
827:Behaviour
821:greyhound
746:Compiègne
635:Marvejols
620:Lorcières
612:Languedoc
590:Beauceron
557:grey wolf
129:talk page
81:Consider
53:in French
2707:Gévaudan
2609:Skeptoid
1818:Skeptoid
1683:19 March
1346:9 August
1290:19 March
1145:, Lozère
1104:Barghest
1099:Cerberus
1073:See also
1008:italicus
953:Soissons
938:hysteria
864:incisors
853:Charraix
833:ubiquity
813:hysteria
695:Charraix
586:dewclaws
581:Auvergne
501:arquebus
468:dragoons
366:valley.
356:Gévaudan
352:Langogne
271:Gévaudan
267:province
216:Gévaudan
105:provide
2277:Discogs
1257:7 March
1227:26 June
1033:Netflix
996:wolfdog
870:and 12
868:canines
849:autopsy
616:Saugues
573:stuffed
473:Truyère
392:penance
329:History
315:wolfdog
313:, or a
255:Occitan
204:Country
197:Occitan
165:Alençon
127:to the
109:in the
55:.
2662:Lozère
2542:
2523:
2504:
2472:
2453:
2432:
2413:
2385:
2357:
2338:
2301:
2236:22 May
1985:
1879:18 May
1678:Forbes
932:, 1754
872:molars
806:(BnF).
659:Desges
423:livres
364:Allier
291:France
279:Lozère
238:French
220:Lozère
212:Region
207:France
188:French
1873:(PDF)
1866:(PDF)
1221:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
1189:Notes
1005:lupus
1002:Canis
976:canid
876:canid
800:hyena
767:Marly
404:Moses
400:Bible
72:DeepL
2540:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2430:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2257:IMDb
2238:2021
2190:2021
2147:2022
1983:ISBN
1881:2020
1825:2023
1685:2018
1647:2018
1545:2023
1519:2023
1493:2023
1430:2023
1348:2023
1292:2018
1259:2021
1229:2008
980:lion
963:and
866:, 2
645:and
618:and
320:The
307:wolf
301:, a
299:lion
246:IPA:
232:The
175:1764
103:must
101:You
2275:at
2093:173
994:or
584:of
545:in
311:dog
277:of
269:of
74:or
2623::
2606:.
2576:,
2254:.
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1850:^
1833:^
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20:)
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