53:
615:"Hundreds of white men" came to Carswell Grove under the false impression that Joe Ruffin had been the one to fire the lethal shots, despite having been rendered unconscious by a nonlethal blow to the head. "Many of these remained out all night." They burned the church and Ruffin's car and lynched two of Ruffin's sons, either burning them to death or throwing their bodies into the fire after they had been killed. The three black Masonic lodges in Millen were burned. White mobs roamed the county for days. The
659:. He was first tried for killing Stevens, convicted, and sentenced to be hanged. A motion for a new trial was successful, and he was acquitted. He was then tried for the killing of Brown and was again acquitted. "So strong was the sentiment in Jenkins county that an indictment was found charging him with the murder of his friend Scott." He was tried for the killing of Scott, was found guilty of
607:
Ruffin pulled out a checkbook to cover Scott's $ 400 bail, but Brown, "who the white papers said had a bad temper," said that cash was needed. That much cash was not available on a Sunday, and Brown said that he was taking Scott in. Ruffin reached into the car to pull Scott out, but Brown took out
663:
and sentenced to 15 years prison. The
Georgia Supreme Court set that aside and ordered a new trial, which was never held. Because of public sentiment he could not be totally exonerated, so he was charged, convicted, and fined $ 500 for embezzlement, for although he never wrote a check, he had
624:
The six fatalities included two white lawmen and four black men: Scott, two sons of Ruffin, Henry and John, and Joe's friend Willie
Williams, who had been at the scene and was also lynched. Joe's son Louis fled and despite a bounty having been issued, was never apprehended.
648:, where he remained for two weeks, registered under a false name. A mob of some 30 Georgians came to Aiken but accepted the jailer's statement that Ruffin was not there. He was indicted for the murders of the two officers; charges were not filed against any whites.
664:
displayed the checkbook of a church of which he was treasurer. After friends paid the fine, by 1923 he was a free man. Impoverished after his legal expenses, he lived out his days in South
Carolina, since he would not have been safe in Georgia.
612:, thought that his father had been killed. Louis Ruffin consequently shot and killed Brown in retaliation. Louis then shot Stevens, wounding him, and subsequently beat him to death. Scott, in the middle of the gunfire, was killed accidentally.
556:
took place on Sunday, April 13, 1919, a black man killed two white police officers in an altercation during a traffic stop. In response, a white mob burned several buildings in the black community and killed four black men.
637:, and news accounts confirm that he would have been. (Georgia led the nation in lynchings in 1918.) He hid, then surrendered to Sheriff M. G. Johnston, who had arrived. Johnston drove him to the nearest large city,
608:
his gun. He struck Ruffin in the face with his pistol, and the gun went off and struck Ruffin on the head, knocking him unconscious but not seriously injuring him. Joe's son Louis, just discharged from the
1277:
30:
573:
were present in uniform, the choir was giving a special performance, and a cookout would follow. More than 3,000 were expected; it was one of the largest gatherings in east
Georgia.
1933:
600:
police marshal, whose presence outside his jurisdiction is unexplained, and Joe's friend Edmund Scott, in handcuffs. They were there in search of alcohol; Georgia had been a
4451:
3937:
4481:
4431:
4421:
1270:
592:
Ruffin was driving to the church celebration when he had to stop because of the congestion of people. A car pulled alongside Ruffin, containing W. Clifford Brown, a
4154:
1970:
4361:
4211:
4205:
1923:
570:
1680:
1560:
1421:
408:
300:
200:
1263:
4446:
4436:
1928:
3786:
621:
reported that seven black churches had been burned down. The
Tribune also reported that a seventh man was pulled from the Millen prison and lynched.
722:
4411:
148:
2622:
1045:
981:
881:
830:
798:
4456:
3604:
3568:
3503:
1992:
946:
1083:
1013:
1150:
1115:
4028:
1963:
1783:
1754:
1715:
1602:
1439:
1409:
1333:
478:
472:
433:
342:
218:
194:
4307:
566:
74:
4386:
3917:
3826:
1742:
1368:
913:
460:
176:
4466:
4401:
3768:
2331:
4149:
2870:
4426:
4356:
3538:
1956:
1883:
532:
4396:
4476:
1795:
1451:
490:
230:
141:
4134:
4022:
3622:
2470:
2430:
3668:
2590:
1836:
1709:
508:
427:
3922:
2099:
769:
2726:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2614:
2582:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
4416:
3889:
3592:
4320:
3974:
3616:
3233:
3161:
1415:
134:
2838:
2323:
3645:
3456:
3353:
2558:
2478:
2414:
2259:
1662:
1644:
396:
378:
2598:
1215:
4391:
3657:
3651:
3598:
2958:
2910:
2299:
2203:
2107:
1979:
1566:
1513:
1492:
634:
306:
269:
248:
4291:
4015:
1172:
4461:
4250:
4181:
4033:
3947:
3774:
3762:
3491:
3462:
3415:
2694:
2686:
2606:
2510:
2363:
2315:
2267:
2011:
1608:
348:
3820:
569:, a black church, which was celebrating its anniversary. Preachers from several counties were coming, the
4471:
4159:
3780:
3110:
3014:
2998:
2990:
2974:
2702:
2678:
2566:
2387:
2347:
2339:
2307:
2283:
2131:
1730:
1632:
1614:
712:
448:
372:
354:
52:
4406:
3894:
3792:
3674:
3640:
3514:
3409:
3329:
3305:
3281:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3006:
2782:
2462:
2275:
2211:
1877:
1590:
526:
330:
2918:
1035:
971:
871:
820:
788:
3899:
3834:
3804:
3586:
3574:
3421:
3030:
2966:
2766:
2502:
2371:
2291:
2243:
2139:
2043:
1889:
1656:
538:
390:
3046:
3509:
3427:
3345:
3297:
3225:
3185:
3094:
3062:
3054:
3022:
2942:
2902:
2886:
2710:
2574:
2446:
1519:
1501:
1457:
275:
257:
236:
936:
4192:
4187:
4175:
4008:
3716:
3361:
3337:
3313:
3289:
3153:
3102:
2950:
2934:
2862:
2798:
2734:
2718:
2454:
2422:
2195:
2179:
2115:
1830:
1789:
1736:
1584:
1427:
1068:
1003:
825:
717:
593:
502:
484:
454:
324:
206:
78:
2790:
2227:
1140:
1105:
4326:
4078:
3909:
3721:
3692:
3680:
3257:
3193:
2662:
2486:
2355:
2235:
1865:
1748:
1620:
1507:
1180:
761:
514:
466:
360:
263:
25:
1255:
4297:
4244:
4198:
4139:
4068:
3844:
3634:
3610:
3580:
3526:
3450:
3438:
3395:
3249:
2982:
2926:
2894:
2822:
2019:
1674:
1596:
1077:
645:
414:
336:
4332:
4314:
3952:
3686:
2379:
1554:
1145:
1040:
976:
941:
908:
876:
793:
294:
903:
8:
4441:
4340:
4257:
4237:
4088:
3744:
2518:
2251:
2123:
1918:
4271:
4083:
3927:
3874:
3704:
3556:
3497:
3217:
2758:
2750:
2438:
1578:
609:
318:
4231:
4144:
4113:
4053:
3932:
3838:
3756:
1237:
1229:
1192:
1184:
1073:
765:
656:
4263:
4225:
4216:
4118:
4108:
4073:
3732:
3710:
3562:
3550:
3473:
3321:
3177:
2830:
2494:
2091:
1801:
1650:
1638:
1445:
1220:
1211:
638:
617:
384:
224:
1721:
1668:
1626:
1572:
1463:
1433:
1339:
1306:
439:
402:
366:
312:
242:
212:
4281:
3814:
3750:
3520:
3118:
3038:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2067:
652:
597:
496:
1948:
4103:
4093:
4063:
4058:
3942:
3810:
3798:
3738:
3432:
3145:
2814:
2806:
2774:
2027:
1871:
1110:
1008:
520:
4380:
4286:
3985:
3957:
3879:
3662:
3544:
3444:
3273:
3201:
2742:
2406:
2051:
2035:
1233:
1225:
1188:
21:
1196:
644:
A mob headed to
Augusta to lynch Ruffin. He was moved for safety to jail in
580:, "one of the wealthiest negros of Jenkins County." He was to have been the
4303:
3991:
3979:
3884:
3830:
3485:
3399:
2854:
2219:
2083:
1241:
660:
604:
since 1907. Not having found any, they arrested Scott for having a pistol.
581:
4098:
3963:
3403:
3241:
3209:
3169:
2059:
1548:
1380:
577:
288:
188:
4276:
3726:
3479:
3265:
3137:
2878:
2846:
2187:
2075:
1286:
755:
158:
44:
3628:
3532:
3467:
2670:
651:
Ruffin hired "the best white lawyer he could find." He was granted a
601:
3869:
1991:
972:"Trial of Joe Ruffin, Negro, Facing Murder Charge, for Savannah"
789:"Six Persons Dead of Race Clash at Negro Church near Millen, Ga"
681:
679:
677:
1285:
121:
reported that a seventh man was pulled from the Millen prison.
3969:
674:
126:
3938:
Association of
Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
576:
Joe Ruffin was a prosperous farmer and distinguished black
845:
4155:
National Museum of
African American History and Culture
758:. The Summer of 1919 and the Awakening of Black America
1934:
Racially motivated violence against
African Americans
4452:
Crimes against police officers in the United States
1978:
57:Census Enumeration District Map Of Jenkins County
4482:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1910s
4432:Riots and civil disorder in Georgia (U.S. state)
4422:African-American history of Georgia (U.S. state)
4378:
3599:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
1210:
685:
1216:"Seven killed and churches burned in race war"
1993:List of lynching victims in the United States
1964:
1924:Riots and civil disorder in the United States
1271:
1170:
851:
142:
4029:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
1287:Racial Incidents during the 1919 Red Summer
966:
964:
866:
864:
862:
860:
99:W. Clifford Brown, a white sheriff's deputy
4000:
3845:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
3575:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
1971:
1957:
1278:
1264:
1069:"Color Line Is Not Drawn in Georgia Court"
937:"Gives Millen Account of Recent Disorders"
149:
135:
75:Carswell Grove Baptist Church and Cemetery
4447:Anti-black racism in Georgia (U.S. state)
4437:White American riots in the United States
4321:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
3781:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
2559:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
1929:White American riots in the United States
752:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
641:, for safety; he was placed in the jail.
1727:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
1135:
1133:
961:
872:"Trial of Joe Ruffin Is Again Postponed"
857:
445:Texarkana, Texas riot of 1919 (August 6)
4412:Lynching deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
4150:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
1066:
934:
904:"Louis Ruffin Sought in Three Counties"
710:
4379:
1036:"Joe Ruffin Trial to be Heard Oct. 26"
821:"Six Persons Killed in a Pistol Fight"
691:
102:Thomas Stevens, a white police marshal
3787:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
3693:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
3384:
1990:
1952:
1907:
1854:
1819:
1772:
1698:
1537:
1481:
1398:
1357:
1322:
1297:
1259:
1153:from the original on January 25, 2019
1130:
1118:from the original on January 25, 2019
1086:from the original on January 26, 2019
1048:from the original on January 25, 2019
1016:from the original on January 25, 2019
984:from the original on January 25, 2019
949:from the original on January 26, 2019
916:from the original on January 25, 2019
884:from the original on January 25, 2019
833:from the original on January 25, 2019
801:from the original on January 25, 2019
783:
781:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
725:from the original on January 26, 2019
130:
88:White mobs attack the black community
16:Race riot and lynchings, Georgia, USA
4457:Attacks on African-American churches
4362:Lynching deaths in the United States
3492:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
3385:
628:
596:sheriff's deputy, Thomas Stevens, a
4023:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
3799:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
3581:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
711:Pickens, William (April 24, 1919).
13:
980:. September 28, 1919. p. 13.
778:
737:
14:
4493:
3923:American Crusade Against Lynching
3569:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
935:Ellison, J. G. (April 17, 1919).
4387:1919 crimes in the United States
4135:America's Black Holocaust Museum
3918:American anti-lynching activists
3890:Nadir of American race relations
3480:Steve Long and two half-brothers
3416:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
1171:Dillon Herald (April 17, 1919).
1067:Sutlive, W. G. (June 19, 1923).
1012:. September 7, 1921. p. 4.
880:. November 12, 1919. p. 6.
51:
4467:1919 fires in the United States
4402:1919 riots in the United States
4341:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
3975:National Conference on Lynching
3533:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
3410:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
2751:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
1416:National Conference on Lynching
1098:
1060:
1028:
996:
3457:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
1908:
1114:. January 4, 1922. p. 1.
928:
896:
813:
156:
1:
4427:Arson in Georgia (U.S. state)
4357:Lynching in the United States
3658:Springfield race riot of 1908
2076:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
1980:Lynching in the United States
1773:
1183:: A.B. Jordan. pp. 1–8.
1044:. June 22, 1920. p. 13.
912:. April 15, 1919. p. 6.
829:. April 14, 1919. p. 2.
797:. April 14, 1919. p. 1.
667:
567:Carswell Grove Baptist Church
560:
4397:1919 in Georgia (U.S. state)
4251:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
4182:And you are lynching Negroes
4034:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
3769:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
3675:Harris County, GA, lynchings
3617:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
3463:New Orleans massacre of 1866
1855:
1498:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
1369:Morgan County, West Virginia
1298:
633:Ruffin was sure he would be
254:Memphis, Tennessee (June 13)
7:
4477:Churches destroyed by arson
4160:Southern Poverty Law Center
3805:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
3433:? Lachenais and four others
2871:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
2188:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
1820:
1149:. May 31, 1923. p. 2.
753:McWhirter, Cameron (2011).
587:
554:Jenkins County riot of 1919
96:Official death toll was 6:
38:Jenkins County riot of 1919
10:
4498:
3641:1906 Atlanta race massacre
3611:Phoenix, SC, election riot
3587:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
3539:Benjamin and Mollie French
1699:
1681:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1591:Garfield Park riot of 1919
1561:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1428:Charleston, South Carolina
1106:"Ruffin To Be Tried Again"
713:"Race riots at Millen, Ga"
4349:
4168:
4127:
4046:
3948:William O'Connell Bradley
3908:
3862:
3858:
3687:East St. Louis, IL, riots
3439:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
3422:New York City draft riots
3391:
3380:
3129:
2398:
2003:
1999:
1986:
1914:
1903:
1861:
1850:
1826:
1815:
1779:
1768:
1705:
1694:
1567:Coatesville, Pennsylvania
1544:
1533:
1488:
1477:
1405:
1394:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1304:
1293:
1173:"Race Clash Ends Fatally"
166:
92:
84:
70:
62:
50:
42:
4212:Deaths in police custody
3699:Jenkins County, GA, riot
3510:Chinese massacre of 1871
3428:Detroit race riot (1863)
3063:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
2855:Dick Rowland (attempted)
1804:(September 30–October 1)
1722:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
1663:Newberry, South Carolina
1538:
1482:
499:(September 30–October 1)
440:Hattiesburg, Mississippi
397:Newberry, South Carolina
4417:Jenkins County, Georgia
4193:Battle of Liberty Place
4188:Attack on John Shillady
4176:James Allen (collector)
4009:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
3793:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
3717:Omaha race riot of 1919
3705:Longview, TX, race riot
3681:Newberry, FL, lynchings
3623:Julia and Frazier Baker
3605:Porter and Spencer (MS)
3557:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
3515:Meridian, MS, race riot
3498:Opelousas, LA, massacre
2471:Paul Reed and Will Cato
2156:Big Nose George Parrott
1784:Clarksdale, Mississippi
1731:New York City, New York
1615:New York City, New York
1464:Monticello, Mississippi
1458:New London, Connecticut
1399:
1375:Jenkins County, Georgia
826:Wilmington Morning Star
718:Buffalo Morning Express
479:Clarksdale, Mississippi
243:Monticello, Mississippi
79:Jenkins County, Georgia
18:
4327:United States v. Shipp
4079:Rebecca Latimer Felton
3910:Anti-lynching movement
3827:Freedom Summer Murders
3757:Rosewood, FL, massacre
3722:Knoxville riot of 1919
2591:Laura and L. D. Nelson
1627:New Orleans, Louisiana
1181:Dillon, South Carolina
367:New Orleans, Louisiana
31:considered for merging
4298:Summer in Mississippi
4245:Mississippi Cold Case
4199:The Birth of a Nation
4140:Civil Rights Memorial
4069:Sidney Johnston Catts
4047:Defenders of lynching
3733:Duluth, MN, lynchings
3711:Elaine, AR, race riot
3669:Laura and L.D. Nelson
3635:Watkinsville lynching
3593:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
3551:Hamburg, SC, massacre
3527:Election riot of 1874
3474:Camilla, GA, massacre
3396:Death of Joseph Smith
2020:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1669:Bloomington, Illinois
1141:"Joe Ruffin Is Freed"
1078:Rock Island, Illinois
686:New-York Tribune 1919
646:Aiken, South Carolina
403:Bloomington, Illinois
4392:1919 in Christianity
4016:Costigan-Wagner Bill
3953:Ella Barksdale Brown
3751:Perry, FL, race riot
3663:Slocum, TX, massacre
3563:Mart and Tom Horrell
3521:Colfax, LA, massacre
3504:Bear River City riot
3354:James Craig Anderson
3154:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
2759:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
1884:Wilmington, Delaware
1749:Knoxville, Tennessee
1651:Hobson City, Alabama
1502:Bibb County, Alabama
1410:Pickens, Mississippi
1146:Atlanta Constitution
1041:Atlanta Constitution
977:Atlanta Constitution
942:Atlanta Constitution
909:Atlanta Constitution
877:Atlanta Constitution
794:Atlanta Constitution
385:Hobson City, Alabama
295:Dublin, Georgia riot
258:Bibb County, Alabama
195:Pickens, Mississippi
4462:History of Baptists
4258:The Ox-Bow Incident
4238:Mississippi Burning
4089:John Trotwood Moore
3745:Tulsa race massacre
3739:Ocoee, FL, massacre
3234:Mack Charles Parker
3162:Willie James Howard
1831:Baltimore, Maryland
1796:Montgomery, Alabama
1755:Bogalusa, Louisiana
1633:Darby, Pennsylvania
1603:Louise, Mississippi
1585:Baltimore, Maryland
1573:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
1508:Annapolis, Maryland
1440:El Dorado, Arkansas
565:The event began at
491:Montgomery, Alabama
473:Bogalusa, Louisiana
343:Louise, Mississippi
313:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
219:El Dorado, Arkansas
39:
4472:Arson in the 1910s
4272:Reconstruction era
4084:John Temple Graves
3928:Jessie Daniel Ames
3875:Indiana White Caps
3545:Ellenton, SC, riot
3468:Reno Brothers Gang
3218:Judge Edward Aaron
2415:Ballie Crutchfield
1878:Magnolia, Arkansas
1675:Syracuse, New York
1597:Port Arthur, Texas
1514:Macon, Mississippi
1434:Sylvester, Georgia
1381:Sylvester, Georgia
1340:Memphis, Tennessee
1214:(April 15, 1919).
852:Dillon Herald 1919
610:United States Army
571:Knights of Pythias
527:Magnolia, Arkansas
461:Laurens County, GA
393:(July 27–August 3)
270:Macon, Mississippi
213:Sylvester, Georgia
189:Sylvester, Georgia
37:
4407:April 1919 events
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4315:They Won't Forget
4232:Lynching postcard
4145:The Legacy Museum
4114:James K. Vardaman
4054:Theodore G. Bilbo
4042:
4041:
3933:Martin C. Ansorge
3854:
3853:
3839:Michael Schwerner
3646:Kemper County, MS
3486:Pulaski, TN, riot
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3079:Shedrick Thompson
2959:Bernice Raspberry
2679:Name unknown (MS)
2583:Name unknown (TX)
2204:Joseph Vermillion
2172:John Wesley Heath
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1899:
1898:
1846:
1845:
1811:
1810:
1792:(September 28–29)
1764:
1763:
1743:Ocmulgee, Georgia
1716:Lincoln, Arkansas
1690:
1689:
1657:Chicago, Illinois
1621:Norfolk, Virginia
1529:
1528:
1473:
1472:
1452:Putnam County, GA
1390:
1389:
1349:
1348:
1314:
1313:
1307:Blakeley, Georgia
1228:. pp. 1–24.
1074:Rock Island Argus
1004:"A Parallel Case"
629:Joe Ruffin's fate
549:
548:
487:(September 28–29)
434:Lincoln, Arkansas
422:August – November
331:Garfield Park, IN
231:Putnam County, GA
177:Morgan County, WV
125:
124:
4489:
4169:Related articles
4119:Thomas E. Watson
4109:Benjamin Tillman
4074:Thomas Dixon Jr.
3998:
3997:
3860:
3859:
3763:Jim and Mark Fox
3451:Memphis massacre
3386:Multiple victims
3382:
3381:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3282:Wharlest Jackson
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3178:John Cecil Jones
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3074:
3071:Matthew Williams
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2834:
2831:Berry Washington
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2695:Anthony Crawford
2690:
2687:Jesse Washington
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2607:Zachariah Walker
2602:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2567:Grant Richardson
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2511:Earnest Williams
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2364:John Henry James
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2327:
2319:
2316:Stephen Williams
2311:
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2268:Ephraim Grizzard
2263:
2255:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2228:Brown Washington
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2132:Arthur St. Clair
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2092:John W. Stephens
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2012:Francis McIntosh
2001:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1905:
1904:
1852:
1851:
1837:Corbin, Kentucky
1817:
1816:
1802:Elaine, Arkansas
1770:
1769:
1710:Whatley, Alabama
1696:
1695:
1609:Washington, D.C.
1535:
1534:
1479:
1478:
1396:
1395:
1355:
1354:
1320:
1319:
1295:
1294:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1221:New-York Tribune
1212:New-York Tribune
1207:
1205:
1203:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
968:
959:
958:
956:
954:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
868:
855:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
785:
776:
775:
750:
735:
734:
732:
730:
708:
689:
683:
618:New-York Tribune
161:
151:
144:
137:
128:
127:
119:New York Tribune
55:
40:
36:
34:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4366:
4345:
4282:Scottsboro Boys
4164:
4123:
4038:
3996:
3904:
3850:
3815:Harriette Moore
3775:Tate County, MS
3387:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3322:Arthur McDuffie
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3125:
3119:Elbert Williams
3117:
3111:Austin Callaway
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3015:Thomas Williams
3013:
3005:
2999:Thomas Bradshaw
2997:
2991:Albert Williams
2989:
2981:
2975:Joseph Upchurch
2973:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2631:George Saunders
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2479:Bunk Richardson
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2394:
2388:Benjamin Thomas
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2348:Joseph H. McCoy
2346:
2340:William Andrews
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2308:Richard Puryear
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2164:Charles Thurber
2162:
2154:
2148:Joseph Standing
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2068:Clubfoot George
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
1995:
1982:
1977:
1947:
1938:
1910:
1895:
1857:
1842:
1822:
1807:
1790:Omaha, Nebraska
1775:
1760:
1701:
1686:
1659:(July 27–Aug 3)
1579:Longview, Texas
1555:Dublin, Georgia
1549:Bisbee, Arizona
1540:
1525:
1484:
1469:
1401:
1386:
1360:
1345:
1325:
1310:
1300:
1289:
1284:
1246:
1244:
1201:
1199:
1167:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
970:
969:
962:
952:
950:
933:
929:
919:
917:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
870:
869:
858:
850:
846:
836:
834:
819:
818:
814:
804:
802:
787:
786:
779:
772:
751:
738:
728:
726:
709:
692:
684:
675:
670:
653:change of venue
631:
598:Millen, Georgia
590:
563:
550:
545:
544:
349:Washington D.C.
337:Port Arthur, TX
307:Coatesville, PA
162:
157:
155:
114:Willie Williams
58:
35:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4495:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4311:
4301:
4294:
4292:Stone Mountain
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4261:
4254:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Goodloe Sutton
4101:
4096:
4094:John T. Morgan
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Julian S. Carr
4061:
4059:Cole L. Blease
4056:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Flossie Bailey
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3835:Andrew Goodman
3824:
3818:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3629:Pana, IL, riot
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3346:James Byrd Jr.
3342:
3334:
3330:Michael Donald
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3226:Willie Edwards
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3146:Johannes Kunze
3142:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3087:George Armwood
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3007:Winston Pounds
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2815:John Hartfield
2811:
2807:Wesley Everest
2803:
2795:
2791:Wallace Baynes
2787:
2783:Olli Kinkkonen
2779:
2775:Jim McIlherron
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2655:Charles Fisher
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2463:Marie Thompson
2459:
2451:
2443:
2439:J. D. Mayfield
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2276:Samuel J. Bush
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2212:George Meadows
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2112:
2104:
2100:Alexander Boyd
2096:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2028:Josefa Segovia
2024:
2016:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1874:(November 2–3)
1869:
1866:Macon, Georgia
1862:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1798:(September 29)
1793:
1787:
1786:(September 10)
1780:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1751:(August 30–31)
1746:
1745:(August 27–29)
1740:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1520:New London, CT
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1446:Milan, Georgia
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1208:
1165:
1164:
1129:
1111:Aiken Standard
1097:
1059:
1027:
1009:Aiken Standard
995:
960:
927:
895:
856:
844:
812:
777:
770:
736:
690:
672:
671:
669:
666:
630:
627:
594:Jenkins County
589:
586:
584:of the event.
562:
559:
547:
546:
543:
542:
536:
533:Wilmington, DE
530:
524:
523:(November 2–3)
518:
515:Macon, Georgia
512:
506:
500:
494:
493:(September 29)
488:
482:
481:(September 10)
476:
470:
469:(August 30–31)
464:
463:(August 27–29)
458:
452:
446:
443:
437:
431:
424:
423:
419:
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
304:
298:
292:
285:
284:
280:
279:
276:New London, CT
273:
267:
261:
255:
252:
246:
240:
237:New London, CT
234:
228:
225:Milan, Georgia
222:
216:
210:
207:Charleston, SC
204:
198:
192:
186:
180:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
154:
153:
146:
139:
131:
123:
122:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
66:April 13, 1919
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4494:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4287:Silent Parade
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:Hang 'Em High
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
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4018:
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4013:
4011:
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3999:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3986:Strange Fruit
3983:
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3971:
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3965:
3961:
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3958:Father Divine
3956:
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3883:
3881:
3880:Jim Crow laws
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
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3659:
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3652:Walker family
3650:
3647:
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3627:
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3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3363:
3362:Ahmaud Arbery
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:Yusef Hawkins
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:Betty Gardner
3311:
3307:
3306:Marian Pyszko
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:Carol Jenkins
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:Vernon Dahmer
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:George W. Lee
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
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3128:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3055:James Cameron
3052:
3048:
3047:George Hughes
3044:
3040:
3039:J. C. Collins
3036:
3032:
3031:Leonard Woods
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:Owen Flemming
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:Fred N. Selak
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2767:George Taylor
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:Robert Prager
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:Charles Jones
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:"Mose" Creole
2540:
2536:
2535:Matthew Chase
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:William Burns
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2407:Fred Rochelle
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:F. W. Stewart
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:John Anderson
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:Alfred Blount
2289:
2285:
2284:John Peterson
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Michael Green
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:Henry Plummer
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2036:Pancho Daniel
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1892:(November 22)
1891:
1888:
1886:(November 13)
1885:
1882:
1880:(November 11)
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1838:
1835:
1833:(October 1–2)
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1818:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
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1778:
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1714:
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1708:
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1704:
1697:
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1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:Gilmer, Texas
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
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1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
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1550:
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1543:
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1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
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1491:
1490:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
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1432:
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1426:
1423:
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1404:
1397:
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1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:Pace, Florida
1332:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1274:
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1267:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1243:
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1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:Dillon Herald
1174:
1169:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1085:
1082:. p. 2.
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
999:
983:
979:
978:
973:
967:
965:
948:
945:. p. 5.
944:
943:
938:
931:
915:
911:
910:
905:
899:
883:
879:
878:
873:
867:
865:
863:
861:
853:
848:
832:
828:
827:
822:
816:
800:
796:
795:
790:
784:
782:
773:
771:9780805089066
767:
763:
759:
757:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
724:
721:. p. 9.
720:
719:
714:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
688:, p. 10.
687:
682:
680:
678:
673:
665:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
636:
626:
622:
620:
619:
613:
611:
605:
603:
599:
595:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
558:
555:
541:(November 22)
540:
537:
535:(November 13)
534:
531:
529:(November 11)
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
505:(October 1–2)
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
449:New York City
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
421:
420:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:New York City
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
277:
274:
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268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
165:
160:
152:
147:
145:
140:
138:
133:
132:
129:
120:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
46:
41:
32:
28:
27:
26:Infobox event
23:
4333:
4325:
4313:
4304:Sundown town
4296:
4264:
4256:
4243:
4236:
4224:
4217:
4206:The Clansman
4204:
4197:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3992:Ida B. Wells
3980:Paul Robeson
3885:Ku Klux Klan
3831:James Chaney
3821:Anniston, AL
3698:
3445:Plummer Gang
3400:Joseph Smith
3298:Henry Marrow
3258:Frank Morris
3186:Willie Earle
3095:Cordie Cheek
3023:Henry Choate
2943:Dan Anderson
2903:Raymond Byrd
2887:Samuel Smith
2839:Willie Baird
2719:Frank Little
2711:Paulo Boleta
2639:Robert Perry
2615:Mary Jackson
2575:King Johnson
2527:James Hodges
2447:George White
2431:Walker Davis
2332:Jacob Henson
2260:Robert Lewis
2220:Ellen Watson
2108:Jim Williams
2084:Wyatt Outlaw
1890:Bogalusa, LA
1868:(November 2)
1839:(October 31)
1645:Newberry, SC
1611:(July 19–24)
1581:(July 10–12)
1422:Philadelphia
1374:
1309:(February 8)
1245:. Retrieved
1219:
1200:. Retrieved
1176:
1155:. Retrieved
1144:
1120:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1072:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1039:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
986:. Retrieved
975:
951:. Retrieved
940:
930:
918:. Retrieved
907:
898:
886:. Retrieved
875:
854:, p. 1.
847:
835:. Retrieved
824:
815:
803:. Retrieved
792:
754:
727:. Retrieved
716:
661:manslaughter
650:
643:
632:
623:
616:
614:
606:
591:
575:
564:
553:
551:
539:Bogalusa, LA
517:(November 2)
511:(October 31)
415:Syracuse, NY
409:Philadelphia
379:Newberry, SC
351:(July 19–24)
321:(July 10–12)
319:Longview, TX
301:Philadelphia
201:Philadelphia
182:
171:April – June
118:
108:Henry Ruffin
105:Edmund Scott
85:Participants
43:Part of the
24:
4336:(1999 film)
4220:(1936 film)
4099:James Rolph
4001:Legislation
3964:Flag Salute
3404:Hyrum Smith
3250:Lemuel Penn
3242:Louis Allen
3210:Emmett Till
3194:Lamar Smith
3170:Recy Taylor
3103:Claude Neal
2951:Will Sherod
2935:John Carter
2911:James Clark
2863:Henry Lowry
2735:Ell Persons
2623:Rob Edwards
2599:Will Porter
2455:David Wyatt
2423:George Ward
2300:Henry Smith
2196:Amos Miller
2180:Eliza Woods
2116:David Jones
2060:Bill Sketoe
2044:Joshua Boyd
2004:Before 1900
1757:(August 31)
1739:(August 22)
1733:(August 21)
1454:(May 27–28)
1157:January 25,
1122:January 25,
1090:January 25,
1052:January 25,
1020:January 25,
988:January 25,
953:January 25,
920:January 25,
888:January 25,
837:January 25,
805:January 25,
729:January 25,
475:(August 31)
457:(August 22)
451:(August 21)
428:Whatley, AL
361:Norfolk, VA
233:(May 27–28)
183:Jenkins, GA
111:John Ruffin
20:‹ The
4442:Red Summer
4381:Categories
4350:Categories
4277:Red Summer
3970:N.A.A.C.P.
3895:Red Shirts
3727:Red Summer
3266:James Reeb
3138:Felix Hall
3130:After 1940
2879:Joe Pullen
2847:Roy Belton
2799:Will Brown
2703:Jeff Brown
2663:John Evans
2647:? Anderson
2551:"Pie" Hill
2519:Jim Miller
2495:Slab Pitts
2487:Ed Johnson
2324:Amos Hicks
2244:Dick Lundy
2236:Jim Taylor
1919:Red Summer
1909:Categories
1737:Austin, TX
1724:(August 4)
1718:(August 3)
1712:(August 1)
1383:(April 14)
1377:(April 13)
1371:(April 10)
1342:(March 14)
1336:(March 12)
762:Henry Holt
756:Red Summer
668:References
561:Background
509:Corbin, KY
497:Elaine, AR
455:Austin, TX
442:(August 4)
436:(August 3)
430:(August 1)
289:Bisbee, AZ
191:(April 14)
185:(April 13)
179:(April 10)
159:Red Summer
45:Red Summer
4267:(musical)
2983:Joe Smith
2927:Tom Payne
2895:L. Q. Ivy
2823:Jay Lynch
2671:Leo Frank
2399:1900–1940
1872:Ocoee, FL
1774:September
1683:(July 31)
1677:(July 31)
1671:(July 31)
1665:(July 28)
1653:(July 26)
1647:(July 24)
1641:(July 24)
1635:(July 23)
1629:(July 23)
1623:(July 21)
1617:(July 20)
1605:(July 15)
1599:(July 15)
1593:(July 14)
1587:(July 11)
1522:(June 29)
1516:(June 27)
1510:(June 27)
1504:(June 18)
1493:Macon, MS
1418:(May 5–6)
1234:1941-0646
1189:2471-0431
602:dry state
521:Ocoee, FL
503:Baltimore
467:Knoxville
417:(July 31)
411:(July 31)
405:(July 31)
399:(July 28)
387:(July 26)
381:(July 24)
375:(July 23)
373:Darby, PA
369:(July 23)
363:(July 21)
357:(July 20)
345:(July 15)
339:(July 15)
333:(July 14)
327:(July 11)
325:Baltimore
278:(June 29)
272:(June 27)
266:(June 27)
264:Annapolis
260:(June 18)
249:Macon, MS
29:is being
4334:Vendetta
3870:Lynching
3841:) (1964)
3406:) (1844)
2380:Sam Hose
1856:November
1575:(July 9)
1569:(July 8)
1563:(July 7)
1557:(July 6)
1551:(July 3)
1495:(June 7)
1466:(May 31)
1460:(May 30)
1448:(May 26)
1442:(May 21)
1436:(May 10)
1430:(May 10)
1299:February
1247:July 20,
1226:New York
1202:July 24,
1197:13622262
1151:Archived
1116:Archived
1084:Archived
1046:Archived
1014:Archived
982:Archived
947:Archived
914:Archived
882:Archived
831:Archived
799:Archived
723:Archived
657:Savannah
588:The riot
315:(July 9)
309:(July 8)
303:(July 7)
297:(July 6)
291:(July 3)
251:(June 7)
245:(May 31)
239:(May 30)
227:(May 26)
221:(May 21)
215:(May 10)
209:(May 10)
71:Location
33:. ›
22:template
3863:General
2252:Joe Coe
2124:Jo Reed
1821:October
1424:(May 9)
1412:(May 5)
1242:9405688
639:Augusta
635:lynched
582:marshal
391:Chicago
203:(May 9)
197:(May 5)
4265:Parade
4253:(1965)
4128:Memory
3847:(1964)
3823:(1961)
3817:(1952)
3807:(1946)
3801:(1945)
3795:(1943)
3789:(1937)
3783:(1933)
3777:(1932)
3771:(1930)
3765:(1927)
3759:(1923)
3753:(1922)
3747:(1921)
3741:(1920)
3735:(1920)
3729:(1919)
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