600:, a teaching approach in which each subject or skill area is revisited at intervals, at a more sophisticated level each time. First there is basic knowledge of a subject, then more sophistication is added, reinforcing principles that were first discussed. This system is used in China and India. Bruner's spiral curriculum, however, draws heavily from evolution to explain how to learn better and thus it drew criticism from conservatives. In the United States classes are split by grade—life sciences in 9th grade, chemistry in 10th, physics in 11th. The spiral teaches life sciences, chemistry, physics all in one year, then two subjects, then one, then all three again to understand how they mold together. Bruner also believed learning should be spurred by interest in the material rather than tests or punishment, since one learns best when one finds the acquired knowledge appealing.
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the student progresses through task learning. Bruner suggested that students may experience, or "represent" tasks in three ways: enactive representation (action-based), iconic representation (image-based), and symbolic representation (language-based). Rather than neatly delineated stages, the modes of representation are integrated and only loosely sequential as they "translate" into each other. Symbolic representation remains the ultimate mode, and it "is clearly the most mysterious of the three."
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740:, Kathy Sylva and many others. Much emphasis was placed on employing the then-revolutionary method of videotaped home-observations, Bruner showing the way to a new wave of researchers to get out of the laboratory and take on the complexities of naturally occurring events in a child's life. This work was published in a large number of journal articles, and in 1983 Bruner published a summary in the book
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This decade of research established Bruner at the helm of the interactionist approach to language development, exploring such themes as the acquisition of communicative intents and the development of their linguistic expression, the interactive context of language use in early childhood, and the role
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the
Russian theoretician of socio-cultural development, Bruner proposed that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition in general and of language in particular. He emphasized that children learn language in order to communicate, and, at the same time, they also learn
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Beginning around 1967, Bruner turned his attention to the subject of developmental psychology and studied the way children learn. He coined the term "scaffolding" to describe an instructional process in which the instructor provides carefully programmed guidance, reducing the amount of assistance as
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which has been cited by over 18,000 scholarly publications, making them two of the most influential works of the 20th century. In these books, Bruner argued that there are two forms of thinking: the paradigmatic and the narrative. The former is the method of science and is based upon classification
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theory of meaning according to which meaningful participation in the social life of a group as well as meaningful use of language involve an interpersonal, intersubjective, collaborative process of creating shared meaning. The elucidation of this process became the focus of Bruner's next period of
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immigrants. An operation at age 2 restored his vision. He received a bachelor's of arts degree in psychology, in 1937 from Duke
University, and went on to earn a master's degree in psychology in 1939 and then a doctorate in psychology in 1941 from Harvard University. In 1939, Bruner published his
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issued in what some called the 'New Look' psychology, which challenged psychologists to study not just an organism's response to a stimulus, but also its internal interpretation. After these experiments on perception, Bruner turned his attention to the actual cognitions that he had indirectly
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and has established a collaborative relationship with them to improve educational systems internationally. Equally important was the relationship with the
Italian Ministry of Education which officially recognized the value of this innovative experience.
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629:. Bruner wanted to create an educational environment that would focus on (1) what was uniquely human about human beings, (2) how humans got that way and (3) how humans could become more so. In 1966, Bruner published another book relevant to education,
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that "knowing how something is put together is worth a thousand facts about it." From 1964 to 1996 Bruner sought to develop a complete curriculum for the educational system that would meet the needs of students in three main areas which he called
507:. The results showed that the value and need the poor and rich children associated with coins caused them to significantly overestimate the size of the coins, especially when compared to their more accurate estimations of the same size disks.
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Bruner's learning theory suggests that it is efficacious, when faced with new material, to follow a progression from enactive to iconic to symbolic representation; this holds true even for adult learners. A true
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411:. He returned to the United States in 1980, to continue his research in developmental psychology. In 1991, Bruner joined the faculty at New York University (NYU), where he taught primarily in the School of Law.
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and categorization. The alternative narrative approach organizes everyday interpretations of the world in storied form. The challenge of contemporary psychology is to understand this everyday form of thinking.
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In 1945, Bruner returned to
Harvard as a psychology professor and was heavily involved in research relating to cognitive psychology and educational psychology. In 1972, Bruner left Harvard to teach at the
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the linguistic code. Meaningful language is acquired in the context of meaningful parent-infant interaction, learning "scaffolded" or supported by the child's language acquisition support system (LASS).
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in 1981. For the next decade, he worked on the development of a theory of the narrative construction of reality, culminating in several seminal publications which contributed to the development of
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Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell, John L. III; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle (2002).
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At Oxford Bruner worked with a large group of graduate students and post-doctoral fellows to understand how young children manage to crack the linguistic code, among them Alison Garton,
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While Bruner was at
Harvard he published a series of works about his assessment of current educational systems and ways that education could be improved. In 1961, he published the book
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Michael Murray. Narrative
Psychology; In Jonathan Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Third edition (pp. 85-107). (London, UK, 2015, Sage)
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As an adjunct professor at NYU School of Law, Bruner studied how psychology affects legal practice. During his career, Bruner was awarded honorary doctorates from
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Bruner reassessed the state of educational practices three decades after he had begun his educational research. Bruner was also credited with helping found the
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of language development. In this approach, the social and interpersonal nature of language was emphasized, appealing to the work of philosophers such as
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1169:, 5, 1–15. Reprinted in M. B. Franklin and S. S. Barten (eds.), "Child Language: A Reader" (pp. 36–49). New York: Oxford University Press (1988).
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Bruner, J. S., and
Sherwood, V. (1976). "Early rule structure: The case of peekaboo". In J. S. Bruner, A. Jolly, and K. Sylva (Eds.),
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In 1991, Bruner arrived at NYU as a visiting professor to do research and to found the
Colloquium on the Theory of Legal Practice.
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Bruner, J. S. (1978). "The role of dialogue in language acquisition". In A. Sinclair, R. J. Jarvella, and W. J. M. Levelt (Eds.),
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of parental input and scaffolding behavior in the acquisition of linguistic forms. This work rests on the assumptions of a
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CIBA Gold Medal for
Distinguished Research Distinguished Scientific Award of the American Psychological Association
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in 1941. He taught and did research at
Harvard University, the University of Oxford, and New York University. A
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arrangement of related categories. Each successively higher level of categories becomes more specific, echoing
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Bruner, J. S. (1978). "On prelinguistic prerequisites of speech". In R. N. Campbell and P. T. Smith, (eds.),
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Bruner, J. S. & Postman, L. (1947). "Tension and tension-release as organizing factors in perception".
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Bruner, J. (1995). "From joint attention to the meeting of minds". In C. Moore & P. Dunham (eds.),
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Bruner, J. S. (1978). "Learning how to do things with words". In J. S. Bruner and R. A. Garton, (eds),
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Bruner, J. S., Roy, C., and Ratner, N. (1982). "The beginnings of request". In K. E. Nelson, (Ed.),
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Bruner, J. S. (1977). "Early social interaction and language acquisition". In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.),
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1512:"Jerome Bruner (1915–2016) Psychologist who shaped ideas about perception, cognition and education"
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Bruner, J. S., Caudill, E. and Ninio, A. (1977). "Language and experience". In R. S. Peters (Ed.),
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Bruner, J. S. (1976). "Prelinguistic prerequisites of speech". In R. Campbell and P. Smith (Eds.),
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survey, published in 2002, ranked Bruner as the 28th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
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Ratner, N. and Bruner, J. S. (1978). "Games, social exchange and the acquisition of language".
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Bruner, Jerome; Goodman, Cecile (1947). "Value and Need as Organizing Factors in Perception".
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Shore, Bradd (March 1997). "Keeping the Conversation Going: An Interview with Jerome Bruner".
430:, the ISPA Instituto Universitário, as well as colleges and universities in such locations as
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APA Distinguished Scientific Award for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology recipients
1800:"Pioneering Psychologist Jerome Bruner on the Act of Discovery and the Key to True Learning"
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Bruner, J. S. (1983). "The acquisition of pragmatic commitments". In R. Golinkoff, (Ed.),
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In 1980, Bruner returned to the United States, taking up the position of professor at the
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Bruner, J. S. (1975/76). "From communication to language: A psychological perspective".
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Ninio, A. and Bruner, J. S. (1978). "The achievement and antecedents of labelling".
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A psychological analysis of international radio broadcasts of belligerent nations
1274:"Bruner's Search for Meaning: A Conversation between Psychology and Anthropology"
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A psychological analysis of international radio broadcasts of belligerent nations
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In 1972, Bruner was appointed Watts Professor of Experimental Psychology at the
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1112:, Bruner, J. S. (1975). "Capacity for joint visual attention in the infant".
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668:, where he remained until 1980. In his Oxford years, Bruner focused on early
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symbol for some cards (e.g. red spades and black hearts). These series of
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Jerome S. Bruner, Who Shaped Understanding of the Young Mind, Dies at 100
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589:'s understanding of knowledge acquisition as well as the related idea of
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In accordance with this understanding of learning, Bruner proposed the
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The development of non-nominal expressions in 12-24-month-old children
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Jerome S. Bruner, influential psychologist of perception, dies at 100
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Lurii͡a, Aleksandr Romanovich; Bruner, Jerome S. (1987). "Foreword".
645:. Bruner was deeply impressed by his 1995 visit to the preschools of
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Bruner, Jerome Seymour; Bruner, University Professor Jerome (1966).
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in the United States, which began through his own early research on
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Beyond the Information Given: Studies in the Psychology of Knowing
1557:"NYU Psychology, Jerome Bruner, Research Professor of Psychology"
1146:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
733:
447:
258:
542:. In these lectures, Bruner contested the computer model of the
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431:
375:
197:
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Fifty Modern Thinkers on Education: From Piaget to the Present
1211:(pp. 27 42). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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1399:
1209:
The Transition from Prelinguistic to Linguistic Communication
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1972:"Faculty Database – David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA"
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581:, Bruner suggests a system of coding in which people form a
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Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni
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2001:. New York: New York University School of Law. June 6, 2016
1204:(Vol. 3. pp. 91–138). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
543:
435:
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The Mind of a Mnemonist: A Little Book about a Vast Memory
379:
340:
1580:"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"
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Bruner, J. S. (1975). "The ontogenesis of speech acts".
1724:"A Short History of Psychological Theories of Learning"
1272:
Mattingly, C; Lutkehaus, N. C.; Throop, C. J. (2008).
1839:
4669:
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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1223:
Joint Attention: Its Origins And Role In Development
1183:(Vol. 4a. pp. 194–214). New York: Plenum Press.
756:
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Harvard University Department of Psychology faculty
4639:
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1947:"Department of Psychology / Princeton University /"
1391:
The development of negation in early child language
1676:
1488:. The Department of Psychology, Harvard University
1071:Value and need as organizing factors in perception
982:
903:
880:
850:
684:, Bruner offered an alternative in the form of an
485:Value and Need as Organizing Factors in Perception
2057:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1551:
1549:
1484:President and Fellows of Harvard College (2007).
1023:Amsterdam, Anthony G.; Bruner, Jerome S. (2000).
510:Similarly, another study conducted by Bruner and
308:(October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American
4545:
1228:"The Narrative Construction of Reality" (1991).
480:as being active, rather than passive processes.
1214:Bruner, J. S. (1985). "Models of the Learner".
1022:
388:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
1627:
1625:
1623:
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1197:(pp. 241–256). New York: Springer-Verlag.
1140:Wood, D., Bruner, J., & Ross, G. (1976). "
394:, researching social psychological phenomena.
4654:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3559:
2977:
2078:
1181:Recent Advances in the Psychology of Language
1128:Recent Advances in the Psychology of Language
961:
777:has been cited over 20,000 times followed by
382:. During World War II, Bruner served on the
378:extract on the sexual behavior of the female
374:first psychological article on the effect of
327:. Bruner was a senior research fellow at the
4679:United States Army personnel of World War II
4614:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
1884:On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm
1505:
1503:
1410:
1089:On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm
1069:Bruner, J. S. & Goodman, C. C. (1947). "
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312:who made significant contributions to human
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1155:(pp. 271–289). London: Academic Press.
1135:Play: Its Role in Evolution and Development
553:
356:
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2055:Biographical Memoir by Howard Gardner for
1705:Bruner in Inside the Psychologist's Studio
1509:
1190:(pp. 62–84). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1102:, 2, 1–19. (The most cited article in the
934:In Search of Mind: Essays in Autobiography
454:in October 2015 and died on June 5, 2016.
4664:New York University School of Law faculty
1842:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
1788:
1739:
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1529:
1500:
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1087:Bruner, J. S. & Postman, L. (1949). "
1075:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
603:
518:and less accurate answers when a deck of
4604:American people of Polish-Jewish descent
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1999:"In Memoriam: Jerome Bruner, 1915-2016"
1886:" by Jerome S. Bruner and Leo Postman.
1439:"In Memoriam: Jerome Bruner, 1915–2016"
1235:"The Autobiographical Process" (1995).
1142:The role of tutoring in problem solving
653:
457:
446:. Bruner was a distinguished member of
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1830:, June 8, 2016. Accessed June 9, 2016.
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1398:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.
1130:, 4a, 199–214. New York: Plenum Press.
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940:
926:Child's Talk: Learning to Use Language
901:
873:Processes of Cognitive Growth: Infancy
819:
742:Child's talk: Learning to Use Language
550:understanding of cognitive processes.
397:
369:, to Herman and Rose Bruner, who were
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2066:
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1563:. New York University. Archived from
1454:
1452:
1427:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford.
1242:
1044:Making Stories: Law, Literature, Life
704:for theoretical grounding. Following
440:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
4594:American developmental psychologists
1153:Studies in Mother-infant Interaction
1062:
906:On Knowing: Essays for the Left Hand
887:. W. W. Norton & Company. 1973.
483:In 1947, Bruner published his study
39:1936, as a junior at Duke University
4579:21st-century American psychologists
4569:20th-century American psychologists
1662:. The Washington Post, June 7, 2016
1510:Greenfield, Patricia Marks (2016).
1387:
785:
534:In 1956, Bruner published the book
531:studied in his perception studies.
13:
4634:Fellows of Wolfson College, Oxford
4599:American educational psychologists
2095:American Psychological Association
2037:50th anniversary event of Bruner's
1923:
1465:(PhD thesis). Harvard University.
1449:
1195:The Child's Conception of Language
736:, Susan Sugarman, Michael Scaife,
643:Head Start early childcare program
14:
4715:
4649:Jewish American social scientists
4609:Cognitive development researchers
2016:
757:Narrative construction of reality
468:Bruner is one of the pioneers of
329:New York University School of Law
16:American psychologist and scholar
4589:American cognitive psychologists
3775:
1632:Bourgoin, Suzan Michele (1997).
1290:10.1111/j.1548-1352.2008.00001.x
633:and then in 1973, another book,
631:Towards a Theory of Instruction,
577:and other stage theorists. Like
29:
2028:Works by or about Jerome Bruner
1991:
1982:
1964:
1939:
1917:
1893:
1876:
1833:
1816:
1764:
1715:
1697:
1635:Encyclopedia of World Biography
1459:Bruner, Jerome Seymour (1941).
1042:Bruner, Jerome Seymour (2003).
1004:Bruner, Jerome Seymour (1996).
902:Bruner, Jerome Seymour (1979).
799:
3573:
1722:Bruner, Jerome (Winter 2004).
1571:
1477:
853:Toward a Theory of Instruction
763:New School for Social Research
444:American Philosophical Society
384:Psychological Warfare Division
361:Bruner was born blind (due to
1:
4674:Scientists from New York City
3871:Industrial and organizational
1375:
1344:Cognitivism (learning theory)
1162:. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
944:Actual Minds, Possible Worlds
779:Actual Minds, Possible Worlds
4112:Human factors and ergonomics
1683:. Taylor & Francis Inc.
1584:Review of General Psychology
1188:Human Growth and Development
690:social interactionist theory
350:Review of General Psychology
7:
4659:New York University faculty
1316:
1225:. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
842:Studies in Cognitive Growth
635:The Relevance of Education.
10:
4720:
4684:Writers from New York City
4574:21st-century American Jews
4564:20th-century American Jews
2993:E. L. Thorndike Award
1741:10.1162/001152604772746657
981:Bruner, Jerome S. (1990).
941:Bruner, Jerome S. (1985).
820:Bruner, Jerome S. (1960).
789:
657:
607:
557:
522:reversed the color of the
461:
4584:American men centenarians
4498:
4435:
4142:
4052:
3964:
3801:Applied behavior analysis
3784:
3773:
3609:
3581:
3514:
3423:
3332:
3241:
3150:
3059:
3000:
2810:
2649:
2488:
2327:
2166:
2101:
1890:, 18, pp. 206–223. 1949.
1712:(interview March 2, 2013)
1606:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139
1174:Journal of Child Language
1167:Journal of Child Language
1104:Journal of Child Language
1100:Journal of Child Language
639:The Culture of Education,
591:instructional scaffolding
365:) on October 1, 1915, in
281:
277:
226:
214:
196:
170:
160:
153:
131:
110:
89:
70:
44:
28:
21:
2920:Jessica Henderson Daniel
2045:Bruner's talk at 1:54:00
2040:The Process of Education
1137:. London: Penguin Books.
1006:The Culture of Education
823:The Process of Education
804:
560:Developmental psychology
554:Developmental psychology
390:committee under General
357:Education and early life
82:Manhattan, New York City
4077:Behavioral neuroscience
3641:Behavioral neuroscience
2884:Suzanne Bennett Johnson
2496:Robert Richardson Sears
2341:Harry Levi Hollingworth
2228:Walter Bowers Pillsbury
2133:George Stuart Fullerton
1901:"The Spiral Curriculum"
1417:Gopnik, Alison (1980).
1257:10.1525/eth.1997.25.1.7
1160:John Dewey Reconsidered
63:New York City, New York
35:Bruner pictured in the
4127:Psychology of religion
4067:Behavioral engineering
4004:Human subject research
3660:Cognitive neuroscience
3626:Affective neuroscience
2604:George Armitage Miller
2294:Margaret Floy Washburn
2210:Henry Rutgers Marshall
1888:Journal of Personality
1658:Schudel, Matt (2016).
1486:"About the Department"
1216:Educational Researcher
1093:Journal of Personality
1082:Journal of Personality
626:Man: A Course of Study
610:Educational psychology
604:Educational psychology
571:instructional designer
442:, and a member of the
438:, was a Fellow of the
325:educational psychology
120:educational psychology
4503:Wiktionary definition
4039:Self-report inventory
4034:Quantitative research
1349:Cognitive linguistics
750:social constructivist
637:Finally, in 1996, in
306:Jerome Seymour Bruner
136:E. L. Thorndike Award
49:Jerome Seymour Bruner
4699:Jewish psychologists
4029:Qualitative research
3984:Behavior epigenetics
3224:Wilbert J. McKeachie
3069:John Bissell Carroll
3050:Robert J. Havighurst
2926:Rosie Phillips Davis
2657:Wilbert J. McKeachie
2437:John Edward Anderson
2377:Louis Leon Thurstone
2371:Walter Richard Miles
2365:Walter Samuel Hunter
2288:Shepherd Ivory Franz
2222:Charles Hubbard Judd
2204:James Rowland Angell
2127:James McKeen Cattell
2115:George Trumbull Ladd
1776:search.amphilsoc.org
1772:"APS Member History"
1675:Palmer, Joy (2001).
1388:Pea, Roy D. (1978).
1364:Narrative psychology
1359:Cognitive revolution
1354:Cognitive psychology
771:narrative psychology
678:language acquisition
670:language development
666:University of Oxford
660:Language development
654:Language development
620:Process of Education
616:Process of Education
546:, advocating a more
470:cognitive psychology
464:Cognitive psychology
458:Cognitive psychology
405:University of Oxford
392:Dwight D. Eisenhower
314:cognitive psychology
188:University of Oxford
116:cognitive psychology
4689:Jewish centenarians
4508:Wiktionary category
4072:Behavioral genetics
4044:Statistical surveys
3901:Occupational health
3636:Behavioral genetics
3374:G. Michael Pressley
3307:Richard C. Anderson
3160:Richard C. Atkinson
3109:J. P. Guilford
3077:Robert L. Thorndike
2878:Melba J. T. Vasquez
2747:Charles Spielberger
2705:Janet Taylor Spence
2514:Orval Hobart Mowrer
2508:Laurance F. Shaffer
2389:Albert Poffenberger
2252:Robert S. Woodworth
2198:Mary Whiton Calkins
1202:Children's Language
813:A Study of Thinking
694:Ludwig Wittgenstein
536:A Study of Thinking
420:Columbia University
398:Career and research
183:New York University
4624:Enactive cognition
4480:Schools of thought
4383:Richard E. Nisbett
4263:Donald T. Campbell
3941:Sport and exercise
3532:Daniel L. Schwartz
3497:Joanna P. Williams
3390:Patricia Alexander
3382:Jacquelynne Eccles
3259:Herbert Klausmeier
3026:B. F. Skinner
2872:Carol D. Goodheart
2640:Donald T. Campbell
2431:Calvin Perry Stone
2419:Leonard Carmichael
2318:I. Madison Bentley
2276:John Wallace Baird
2216:George M. Stratton
2186:William Lowe Bryan
2139:James Mark Baldwin
2093:Presidents of the
2042:. April 27, 2011.
1926:"NYU Faculty Page"
1828:The New York Times
1404:uk.bl.ethos.468493
345:Harvard University
264:Andrew N. Meltzoff
178:Harvard University
123:Coining the term "
102:Harvard University
4694:Jewish scientists
4541:
4540:
4518:Wikimedia Commons
4445:Counseling topics
4408:Ronald C. Kessler
4398:Shelley E. Taylor
4323:Lawrence Kohlberg
4298:Stanley Schachter
4097:Consumer behavior
3979:Archival research
3747:Psycholinguistics
3631:Affective science
3541:
3540:
3433:Richard Shavelson
3350:John D. Bransford
3010:Sidney L. Pressey
2959:
2958:
2938:Jennifer F. Kelly
2908:Susan H. McDaniel
2890:Donald N. Bersoff
2818:Norine G. Johnson
2801:Patrick H. DeLeon
2771:Robert J. Resnick
2729:Raymond D. Fowler
2723:Bonnie Strickland
2675:Nicholas Cummings
2669:M. Brewster Smith
2568:Charles E. Osgood
2449:Edwin Ray Guthrie
2282:Walter Dill Scott
1822:Benedict Carey. "
1804:BrainPickings.org
1690:978-0-415-22409-3
1645:978-0-7876-2549-8
1369:Narrative therapy
1237:Current Sociology
1218:, June/July, 5–8.
1063:Selected articles
1053:978-0-674-01099-4
1034:978-0-674-00816-8
1015:978-0-674-17953-0
996:978-0-674-00361-3
973:978-0-674-57622-3
954:978-0-674-00366-8
917:978-0-674-63525-8
894:978-0-393-09363-6
864:978-0-674-89701-4
833:978-0-674-71001-6
598:spiral curriculum
303:
302:
227:Doctoral students
155:Scientific career
114:Contributions to
4711:
4475:Research methods
4418:Richard Davidson
4413:Joseph E. LeDoux
4288:George A. Miller
4278:David McClelland
4273:Herbert A. Simon
4173:Edward Thorndike
3994:Content analysis
3779:
3752:Psychophysiology
3568:
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3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3366:Robert Sternberg
3360:
3352:
3344:
3342:Richard E. Mayer
3325:
3317:
3309:
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3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
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3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
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3119:
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3095:
3087:
3085:John C. Flanagan
3079:
3071:
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3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3018:William Brownell
3012:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2944:Frank C. Worrell
2842:Ronald F. Levant
2836:Diane F. Halpern
2830:Robert Sternberg
2753:Jack Wiggins Jr.
2735:Joseph Matarazzo
2681:Florence Denmark
2663:Theodore H. Blau
2616:Kenneth B. Clark
2526:Theodore Newcomb
2502:J. McVicker Hunt
2401:Edward C. Tolman
2359:Herbert Langfeld
2246:Howard C. Warren
2240:Edward Thorndike
2145:Hugo MĂĽnsterberg
2087:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2046:
2032:Internet Archive
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1974:. Archived from
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1949:. Archived from
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1924:Bruner, Jerome.
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1906:. Archived from
1905:
1897:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1854:10.1037/h0058484
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1414:
1408:
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1301:
1268:
1239:. 43.2, 161–177.
1230:Critical Inquiry
1116:, 253, 265–266.
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1000:
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937:
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837:
816:
792:Legal psychology
786:Legal psychology
716:, Magda Kalmar (
672:. Rejecting the
579:Bloom's Taxonomy
331:. He received a
299:
296:
294:
292:
290:
288:
216:Doctoral advisor
210:
147:
140:
84:, New York, U.S.
77:
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33:
19:
18:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4494:
4470:Psychotherapies
4431:
4388:Martin Seligman
4353:Daniel Kahneman
4293:Richard Lazarus
4243:Raymond Cattell
4147:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4048:
3960:
3787:
3780:
3771:
3732:Neuropsychology
3612:
3605:
3577:
3572:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3465:Stephen J. Ceci
3462:
3454:
3449:Keith Stanovich
3446:
3441:Barry Zimmerman
3438:
3430:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
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3347:
3339:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3251:Richard E. Snow
3248:
3237:
3232:Frank H. Farley
3229:
3221:
3216:Merlin Wittrock
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3101:Robert M. Gagné
3098:
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3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
3007:
2996:
2990:
2960:
2955:
2932:Sandra Shullman
2824:Philip Zimbardo
2806:
2789:Martin Seligman
2759:Frank H. Farley
2645:
2592:Gardner Lindzey
2544:Wolfgang Köhler
2520:E. Lowell Kelly
2484:
2425:Herbert Woodrow
2383:Joseph Peterson
2323:
2312:G. Stanley Hall
2162:
2109:G. Stanley Hall
2097:
2091:
2044:
2023:Video interview
2019:
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1597:10.1.1.586.1913
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1531:10.1038/535232a
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1329:Constructionism
1319:
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1025:Minding the Law
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985:Acts of Meaning
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775:Acts of Meaning
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726:Andrew Meltzoff
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540:Acts of Meaning
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416:Yale University
400:
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337:Duke University
321:learning theory
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244:Edward E. Jones
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97:Duke University
90:Alma mater
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78:(aged 100)
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59:October 1, 1915
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4428:Roy Baumeister
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4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4363:Michael Posner
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4348:Elliot Aronson
4345:
4343:Walter Mischel
4340:
4335:
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4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:Albert Bandura
4305:
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4295:
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4285:
4283:Leon Festinger
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4255:
4253:Neal E. Miller
4250:
4248:Abraham Maslow
4245:
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4233:Ernest Hilgard
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4228:Donald O. Hebb
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4208:J. P. Guilford
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3677:Cross-cultural
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3481:Edward Haertel
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3406:Bernard Weiner
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3334:
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3329:
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3323:Albert Bandura
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3315:Lauren Resnick
3310:
3302:
3299:David Berliner
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3275:Samuel Messick
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3133:Julian Stanley
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3093:Benjamin Bloom
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2914:Antonio Puente
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2902:Barry S. Anton
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2777:Dorothy Cantor
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2741:Stanley Graham
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2711:Robert Perloff
2708:
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2687:John J. Conger
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2634:Albert Bandura
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2598:Abraham Maslow
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2018:
2017:External links
2015:
2013:
2012:
1990:
1981:
1978:on 2012-12-15.
1963:
1938:
1916:
1913:on 2014-02-21.
1892:
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1798:(2015-10-01).
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1590:(2): 139–152.
1570:
1567:on 2016-03-05.
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686:interactionist
658:Main article:
655:
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608:Main article:
605:
602:
587:Benjamin Bloom
558:Main article:
555:
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516:reaction times
514:showed slower
462:Main article:
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424:The New School
409:United Kingdom
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4168:Sigmund Freud
4166:
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4158:William James
4156:
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4153:Wilhelm Wundt
4151:
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4145:Psychologists
4141:
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4132:Psychometrics
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4118:
4115:
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4092:Consciousness
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3489:Robert Slavin
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3457:Sandra Graham
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3192:Anne Anastasi
3188:
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3180:
3177:
3176:Robert Glaser
3172:
3169:
3168:Jerome Bruner
3164:
3161:
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2896:Nadine Kaslow
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2795:Richard Suinn
2793:
2790:
2787:
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2783:Norman Abeles
2781:
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2765:Ronald E. Fox
2763:
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2757:
2754:
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2733:
2730:
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2724:
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2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:William Bevan
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:Anne Anastasi
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:Jerome Bruner
2578:
2575:
2574:Quinn McNemar
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2562:Paul E. Meehl
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
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2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
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2462:
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2455:Henry Garrett
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2405:
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2326:
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2316:
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2304:
2301:
2300:Knight Dunlap
2298:
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2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:Robert Yerkes
2268:
2265:
2264:Raymond Dodge
2262:
2259:
2256:
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2250:
2247:
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2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:Carl Seashore
2232:
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2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
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2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:William James
2190:
2187:
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2175:
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2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:William James
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:
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2047:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1953:on 2013-01-07
1952:
1948:
1942:
1927:
1920:
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1825:
1819:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:Popova, Maria
1791:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1734:(1): 13–20S.
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1686:
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1671:
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1524:(7611): 232.
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1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1232:, 18:1, 1–21.
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1176:, 5, 391–401.
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1148:, 17, 89–100.
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1123:, 3, 255–287.
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
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1101:
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809:
797:
793:
783:
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772:
768:
767:New York City
764:
754:
751:
745:
743:
739:
738:Marian Sigman
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
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714:Alison Gopnik
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4218:Erik Erikson
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3757:Quantitative
3722:Mathematical
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3601:Psychologist
3505:Steve Graham
3283:James Greeno
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2347:Edwin Boring
2306:Lewis Terman
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171:Institutions
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143:Balzan Prize
76:(2016-06-05)
74:June 5, 2016
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4559:2016 deaths
4554:1915 births
4450:Disciplines
4423:Susan Fiske
4313:Roger Brown
4213:Carl Rogers
4198:Jean Piaget
4163:Ivan Pavlov
4019:Observation
3999:Experiments
3946:Suicidology
3841:Educational
3796:Anomalistic
3767:Theoretical
3742:Personality
3672:Comparative
3655:Cognitivism
3646:Behaviorism
3414:Carol Dweck
3398:Jere Brophy
3291:Lee Shulman
3117:Jean Piaget
2461:Carl Rogers
1492:15 December
1339:Cognitivism
1324:Bradd Shore
1284:(1): 1–28.
1251:(1): 7–62.
773:. His book
722:Alan Leslie
702:John Searle
676:account of
528:experiments
512:Leo Postman
234:Susan Carey
125:scaffolding
37:Chanticleer
4548:Categories
4513:Wikisource
4358:Paul Ekman
4193:Kurt Lewin
4087:Competence
4009:Interviews
3989:Case study
3866:Humanistic
3846:Ergonomics
3831:Counseling
3806:Assessment
3788:psychology
3737:Perception
3697:Ecological
3613:psychology
3591:Philosophy
3575:Psychology
3358:Joel Levin
3042:Cyril Burt
2995:recipients
2699:Max Siegel
2151:John Dewey
1957:2012-07-12
1931:2 December
1809:2015-10-03
1781:2022-06-06
1376:References
1110:Scaife, M.
730:Anat Ninio
478:perception
452:turned 100
254:Dan Slobin
165:Psychology
55:1915-10-01
4533:Wikibooks
4523:Wikiquote
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4178:Carl Jung
4082:Cognition
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3821:Community
3651:Cognitive
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2328:1926–1950
2167:1901–1925
2102:1892–1900
2005:April 23,
1614:145668721
1592:CiteSeerX
1121:Cognition
474:sensation
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318:cognitive
4528:Wikinews
4485:Timeline
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4102:Emotions
4062:Behavior
4053:Concepts
3931:Religion
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2030:at the
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489:pennies
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386:of the
295:/bruner
282:Website
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