Jesuits - Knowledge

5684: 13163: 3247:, the total number of Jesuit Missions were reduced to 40 by 1744. The Jesuit missions offered the Indigenous people Christianity, iron tools, and a small degree of protection from the slavers and the colonists. In exchange, the Indigenous had to submit to Jesuit discipline and adopt, at least superficially, a lifestyle foreign to their experience. The population of the missions was only sustained by frequent expeditions into the jungle by Jesuits, soldiers, and Christian Indians to capture Indigenous people and force them to return or to settle in the missions. At the time when the Jesuits were expelled from Spanish America in 1767, the Jesuits registered 36 missions run by 25 Jesuits in the Audiencia of Quito – 6 in the Napo and Aguarico Missions and 19 in the Pastaza and Iquitos Missions, with a population at 20,000 inhabitants. 1161:

chastity, poverty and obedience, keep what follows in mind. He is a member of a Society founded chiefly for this purpose: to strive especially for the defence and propagation of the faith and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine, by means of public preaching, lectures and any other ministration whatsoever of the Word of God, and further by means of retreats, the education of children and unlettered persons in Christianity, and the spiritual consolation of Christ's faithful through hearing confessions and administering the other sacraments. Moreover, he should show himself ready to reconcile the estranged, compassionately assist and serve those who are in prisons or hospitals, and indeed, to perform any other works of charity, according to what will seem expedient for the glory of God and the common good.

3218: 1705: 5725: 5794: 5947: 2034: 5830: 5858: 2801: 5755: 847:" ("as if he was a lifeless body") and to accept orders to go anywhere in the world, even if required to live in extreme conditions. This was so because Ignatius, its leading founder, was a nobleman who had a military background. Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for "whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God, to strive especially for the defense and propagation of the faith, and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine". Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as "God's soldiers", "God's marines", or "the Company". The society participated in the 16972: 5881: 5929: 5660: 5842: 5740: 5897: 5818: 2436:

Drogheda, as well as Dublin and Galway. At Limerick there appears to have been a long hiatus following the defeat of the Jacobite forces and Begley states that Fr. Thomas O'Gorman was the first Jesuit to return to Limerick after the siege, arriving in 1728 and he took up residence in Jail Lane, near the Castle in the Englishtown. There he opened a school to "impart the rudiments of the classics to the better class youth of the city." O'Gorman left in 1737 and was succeeded by Fr. John McGrath. Next came Fr. James McMahon, who was a nephew of the Primate of Armagh,

5806: 2432:, the school moved back to Castle Lane, and remained largely undisturbed for the next 40 years, until the surrender of the city to Williamite forces in 1692. In 1671, Dr. James Douley was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Limerick and during his visitation to the diocese reported to the Holy See that the Jesuits had a house and "taught schools with great fruit, instructing the youth in the articles of faith and good morals." Douley also noted that this and other Catholic schools operating in the Diocese were also attended by local Protestants. 6053: 1166: 5782: 5767: 3405: 14968: 2611:, the Jesuits undertook the task of converting the Iroquois, something they had attempted in 1642 with little success. In 1653 the Iroquois nation had a fallout with the Dutch. They then signed a peace treaty with the French and a mission was established. The Iroquois soon turned on the French again. In 1658, the Jesuits were having little success and were under constant threat of being tortured or killed, but continued their effort until 1687 when they abandoned their permanent posts in the Iroquois homeland. 5913: 1144: 2824: 2412:. Nevertheless, in spite of this occasional persecution, the Jesuits were able to exert a degree of discreet influence within the province and in Limerick. For instance in 1606, largely through their efforts, a Catholic named Christopher Holywood was elected Mayor of the city. Four years earlier the resident Jesuit had raised a sum of "200 cruzados" for the purpose of founding a hospital in the city, though the project was disrupted by a severe outbreak of plague and repression by the Lord President 2011: 2396:- at Limerick, ordered all Jesuits from the city and Province, and offered £7 to anyone willing to betray a Jesuit priest to the authorities, and £5 for a seminarian. Jesuit houses and schools throughout the province, in the years thereafter, were subject to periodic crackdown and the occasional destruction of schools, imprisonment of teachers and the levying of heavy money penalties on parents are recorded in publications of the time. In 1615-17 the Royal Visitation Books, written up by 6313:

Congregation specified that "The impediment of origin extends to all who are descended from the Jewish race, unless it is clear that their father, grandfather, and great grandfather have belonged to the Catholic Church." In 1946, the 29th General Congregation dropped the requirement but still called for "cautions to be exercised before admitting a candidate about whom there is some doubt as to the character of his hereditary background". Robert Aleksander Maryks interprets the 1593

17085: 4155: 3275: 2330:'s Commentarli grammatici, and read a few letters of Cicero or the dialogues of Frusius (André des Freux, SJ). The second class committed Donatus' texts in Latin to memory and read dialogues as well as works by Ēvaldus Gallus. Students in the third class learned Donatus by heart, though translated into English rather than through Latin. Young boys in the fourth class were taught to read. Progress was slow because there were too few teachers to conduct classes simultaneously. 5709: 14719: 4009: 1598: 1471:. Today, Jesuit colleges and universities are located in over one hundred nations around the world. Under the notion that God can be encountered through created things and especially art, they encouraged the use of ceremony and decoration in Catholic ritual and devotion. Perhaps as a result of this appreciation for art, coupled with their spiritual practice of "finding God in all things", many early Jesuits distinguished themselves in the visual and 3572: 2813: 17362: 16984: 15709: 14733: 6173: 5341: 2992: 1785: 1305: 636: 13747: 1987: 1285: 2486: 13735: 2389:

impossible for a time. It was not until the early 1600s that the Jesuit mission could again re-establish itself in the city, though the Jesuits kept a low profile existence in lodgings here and there. For instance a mission led by Fr. Nicholas Leinagh re-established itself at Limerick in 1601, though the Jesuit presence in the city numbered no more than 1 or 2 at a time in the years immediately following.

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certain knowledge, and the fulness of our apostolical power, suppress and abolish the said company: we deprive it of all activity whatever. ...And to this end a member of the regular clergy, recommendable for his prudence and sound morals, shall be chosen to preside over and govern the said houses; so that the name of the Company shall be, and is, for ever extinguished and suppressed.

3045: 2573:, which was meant to be a replica of European society. It became the Jesuit headquarters and an important part of Canadian history. Throughout most of the 1640s the Jesuits had modest success, establishing five chapels in Huronia and baptising more than one thousand Huron out of a population which may have exceeded 20,000 before the epidemics of the 1630s. However, the 3127:, later canonized, met slave transport ships in the harbour, went below decks where 300–600 slaves were chained, and gave physical aid with water, while introducing the Africans to Christianity. In his treatise, he did not condemn slavery or the ill-treatment of slaves, but sought to instruct fellow Jesuits to this ministry and describe how he catechized the slaves. 4170:, while biographers characterised him as working to save the lives of other Jesuits. As a Jesuit pope, he has stressed discernment over following rules, changing the culture of the clergy to steer away from clericalism and to move toward an ethic of service, i.e. to have the "smell of sheep," staying close to the people. After his papal election, Superior General 2926:

order holding real estate, surpassing the Dominicans and Augustinians who had accumulated significant property, this was no small matter. They argued that they were exempt, due to special pontifical privileges. Bishop De Palafox took on the Jesuits over this matter and was so soundly defeated that he was recalled to Spain, where he became the bishop of the minor

3836:, originally read: "The Evangelical-Lutheran religion remains the public religion of the State. Those inhabitants, who confess thereto, are bound to raise their children to the same. Jesuits and monastic orders are not permitted. Jews are still prohibited from entry to the Realm." Jews were first allowed into the realm in 1851 after the famous Norwegian poet 2581:, rivals of the Hurons, grew jealous of the Hurons' wealth and control of the fur trade system and attacked Huron villages in 1648. They killed missionaries and burned villages, and the Hurons scattered. Both de Brébeuf and Gabriel Lalemant were tortured and killed in the Iroquois raids; for this, they have been canonized as martyrs in the Catholic Church. 3648:

natural defenses. Slave labor and trade were essential for the economy of Brazil and other American colonies, and the Jesuits usually did object to the enslavement of African peoples, criticized the conditions of slavery. In cases where individual Jesuit priests criticized the institution of African slavery, they were censored and sent back to Europe.

5314:(1889–1964) of Belgium, Alphonse Lambrette (1884–1970) of Belgium, Emile Planckaert (1906–2006) of France, Jacob Raile (1894–1949) of Hungary, Henri Revol (1904–1992) of France, Adam Sztark (1907–1942) of Poland, Henri Van Oostayen (1906–1945) of Belgium, Ioannes Marangas (1901–1989) of Greece, and Raffaele de Chantuz Cubbe (1904–1983) of Italy. 3092:, wanting to put them in charge of parishes, but Acosta adhered to the Jesuit position that they were not subject to the jurisdiction of bishops and to catechize in Indigenous parishes would bring them into conflict with the bishops. For that reason, the Jesuits in Peru focused on education of elite men rather than the indigenous populations. 1376:, and spiritual lassitude within the Catholic Church. Ignatius insisted on a high level of academic preparation for the clergy in contrast to the relatively poor education of much of the clergy of his time. The Jesuit vow against "ambitioning prelacies" can be seen as an effort to counteract another problem evidenced in the preceding century. 2425:

Lenihan records that the Limerick Crescent College in 1656 moved to a hut in the middle of a bog which was difficult for the authorities to find. This foundation was headed up by Fr. Nicholas Punch who was aided by Frs. Maurice Patrick, Piers Creagh and James Forde and the school attracted a large number of students from around the locality.

3517:, by reverting Jose Rizal from Freemasonry back to Catholicism. They argued that since the Philippine Revolution was inspired by the allegedly Masonic ideals behind the French and American revolutions, the French and American Freemasons themselves betrayed their own founding ideals when the American Freemasons annexed the Philippines in the 5082:(1593) which proclaimed that either Jewish or Muslim ancestry, no matter how distant, was an insurmountable impediment for admission to the Society of Jesus. This new rule was contrary to the original wishes of Ignatius who "said that he would take it as a special grace from our Lord to come from Jewish lineage". The 16th-century 2369:, Daniel persuaded the Portuguese Province to agree a surety for the ransom of Wolfe, who was quickly banished on release. Daniel returned to Ireland the following year, but was immediately captured and incriminating documents were found on his person, which were taken as proof of his involvement with the rebellious cousin of the 2440:. McMahon lived at Limerick for thirteen years until his death in 1751. In 1746 Fr Joseph Morony was sent from Bordeaux to join McMahon and the others. Morony remained at the Jail Lane site teaching at what Begley states was a "high class school" until 1773 when he was ordered to close the school and oratory following the 4456:, estimated that by 2034 the number would decrease to about 10,000 Jesuits, with a much younger average age than in 2019, and with a shift away from Europe and into Latin America, Africa, and India. In 2008, their average age was 57.3 years: 63.4 years for priests, 29.9 years for scholastics, and 65.5 years for brothers. 3306:

Bandeirantes and ended the worst of the slave trade in their region. From this point on the Jesuit missions enjoyed growth and prosperity, punctuated by epidemics. At the peak of their importance in 1732, the Jesuits presided over 141,000 Guaraní (including a sprinkling of other peoples) who lived in about 30 missions.

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Assistancy) or an area of ministry (for instance higher education). The assistants normally reside with Father General in Rome and along with others form an advisory council to the General. A vicar general and secretary of the society run day-to-day administration. The General is also required to have an

7808:"Entry from Irish Jesuit Archives website by Vera Orschel (archivist & editor) entitled 4 / 2015 Irish Jesuit Documents in Rome: Part 17 (1 April 2015) 'Not giving the Jesuit martyr Edmund Daniel (O'Donnell) a bad name'. This document contains some scanned copies of Good's original correspondence" 3846:

in the 1930s passed laws banning the Jesuits on grounds that they were obedient to a power different from the state. Pope Pius XI wrote about this: "It was an expression of a soul deeply hostile to God and the Catholic religion, to have disbanded the Religious Orders that had taken a vow of obedience

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Detractors say that "the Jesuits took away the Indians' freedom, forced them to radically change their lifestyle, physically abused them, and subjected them to disease." Moreover, the missions were inefficient and their economic success "depended on subsidies from the Jesuit order, special protection

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in 1759 and New France came under British control. The British barred the immigration of more Jesuits to New France, and by 1763, only 21 Jesuits were stationed in New France. By 1773 only 11 Jesuits remained. During the same year the British crown declared that the Society of Jesus in New France was

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For much of the 17th century, the Limerick Jesuit foundation established a more permanent and stable presence and the Jesuit Annals record a 'flourishing' school at Limerick in the 1640s. During the Confederacy the Jesuits had been able to go about their business unhindered and were invited to preach

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in December 1565 under the protection of the Earl of Desmond, where they lived in more comfort than the primitive conditions they experienced in the city. However they were unable to support themselves at Kilmallock and three months later they returned to the city in Easter 1566, and strangely set up

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who acts as a sort of secretary and chief of staff. With the approval of the Superior General, the Provincial Superior appoints a novice master and a master of tertians to oversee formation, and rectors of local communities of Jesuits. For better cooperation and apostolic efficacy in each continent,

4141:"Wherever in the Church, even in the most difficult and extreme fields, at the crossroads of ideologies, in the social trenches, there has been and there is confrontation between the burning exigencies of man and the perennial message of the Gospel, here also there have been, and there are, Jesuits". 3784:

The period following the Restoration of the Jesuits in 1814 was marked by tremendous growth, as evidenced by the large number of Jesuit colleges and universities established during the 19th century. During this time in the United States, 22 of the society's 28 universities were founded or taken over

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Having further considered that the said Company of Jesus can no longer produce those abundant fruits, ... in the present case, we are determining upon the fate of a society classed among the mendicant orders, both by its institute and by its privileges; after a mature deliberation, we do, out of our

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The Jesuits had frequent disputes with other colonists who wanted to enslave the natives. The action of the Jesuits saved many natives from being enslaved by Europeans, but also disturbed their ancestral way of life and inadvertently helped spread infectious diseases against which the natives had no

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founded 14 years before, no fee was requested from pupils, though as a result the two Jesuits lived in very poor conditions and were very overworked with teaching and administering the sacraments to the public. In late 1568 the Castle Lane School, in the presence of Daniel and Good, was attacked and

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Ignatius laid out his original vision for the new order in the "Formula of the Institute of the Society of Jesus", which is "the fundamental charter of the order, of which all subsequent official documents were elaborations and to which they had to conform". He ensured that his formula was contained

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Although the work of the Jesuits today embraces a wide variety of apostolates, ministries, and civil occupations, they are probably most well known for their educational work, on all continents. Since the inception of the order, Jesuits have been teachers. Besides serving on the faculty of Catholic

4981:. The Jesuits were accused of inspiring Châtel's attack. Two of his former teachers were exiled and a third was hanged. The Collège de Clermont was closed, and the building was confiscated. The Jesuits were banned from France, although this ban was quickly lifted and the school eventually reopened. 4189:

The General Congregation that elected Arturo Sosa in 2016 asked him to bring to completion the process of discerning Jesuit priorities for the time ahead. Sosa devised a plan that enlisted all Jesuits and their lay collaborators in the process of discernment over a 16-month period. Then in February

3329:(1721 to 1735) was a serious protest by Spanish and mestizo Paraguayans against the Jesuit missions. The residents of Paraguay violently protested the pro-Jesuit government of Paraguay, Jesuit control of Guaraní labor, and what they regarded as unfair competition for the market for products such as 3309:

The opinions of historians differ with regard to the Jesuit missions. The missions are much-romanticized with the Guaraní portrayed as innocent children of nature and the Jesuits as their wise and benevolent guides to an earthly utopia. "Proponents...highlight that the Jesuits protected the Indians

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With Daniel dead and Wolfe dismissed, the Irish Jesuit foundation suffered a severe setback. Good is recorded as resident at Rome by 1577 and in 1586 the seizure of Earl of Desmond's estates resulted in a new permanent Protestant plantation in Munster, making the continuation of the Limerick school

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were significant in their roles both as a missionary order and as the first religious order to operate colleges and universities as a principal and distinct ministry. By the time of Ignatius' death in 1556, the Jesuits were already operating a network of 74 colleges on three continents. A precursor

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available to all people in active life. Further, he used it as a means of rebuilding the spiritual life of the church. The Exercises became both the basis for the training of Jesuits and one of the essential ministries of the order: giving the exercises to others in what became known as "retreats".

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of a conversation with the Archbishop of Santo Domingo. In the words of one historian: "The use of the name Jesus gave great offense. Both on the Continent and in England, it was denounced as blasphemous; petitions were sent to kings and to civil and ecclesiastical tribunals to have it changed; and

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or "Friends in the Lord", because they felt "they were placed together by Christ." The name "company" had echoes of the military (reflecting perhaps Ignatius' background as Captain in the Spanish army) as well as of discipleship (the "companions" of Jesus). The Spanish "company" would be translated

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of priests and brothers in the Catholic Church. The Jesuits have experienced a decline in numbers in recent decades. As of 2022, the society had 14,439 members (10,432 priests, 837 brothers, 2,587 scholastics, and 583 novices). This represents a 59% percent decline since the Second Vatican Council

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The General Congregation is a meeting of all of the assistants, provincials, and additional representatives who are elected by the professed Jesuits of each province. It meets irregularly and rarely, normally to elect a new superior general and/or to take up some major policy issues for the order.

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As my Predecessors have said to you on various occasions, the Church needs you, relies on you and continues to turn to you with trust, particularly to reach those physical and spiritual places which others do not reach or have difficulty in reaching. Paul VI's words remain engraved on your hearts:

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The Guaraní people of eastern Paraguay and neighboring Brazil and Argentina were in crisis in the early 17th century. Recurrent epidemics of European diseases had reduced their population by up 50 percent and the forced labor of the encomiendas by the Spanish and mestizo colonists had made virtual

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wrote to the Jesuit general in Rome praising the work of the Rector of the Limerick College, Fr. William O'Hurley, who was aided by Fr. Thomas Burke. However just a few years later, during the Protectorate era, only 18 of the Jesuits resident in Ireland managed to avoid capture by the authorities.

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Whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God beneath the banner of the Cross in our Society, which we desire to be designated by the Name of Jesus, and to serve the Lord alone and the Church, his spouse, under the Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth, should, after a solemn vow of perpetual

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Jesuits have become increasingly involved in works directed primarily toward social and economic development for the poor and marginalized. Included in this would be research, training, advocacy, and action for human development, as well as direct services. Most Jesuit schools have an office that

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The Father General is assisted by "assistants", four of whom are "assistants for provident care" and serve as general advisors and a sort of inner council, and several other regional assistants, each of whom heads an "assistancy", which is either a geographic area (for instance the North American

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In the immense territory of Maynas, the Jesuits of Quito made contact with a number of indigenous tribes which spoke 40 different languages, and founded a total of 173 Jesuit missions encompassing 150,000 inhabitants. Because of the constant epidemics (smallpox and measles) and warfare with other

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The principal activities of the order within the city at this time were devoted to preaching, administration of the sacraments and teaching. The school opened and closed intermittently in or around the area of Castle Lane, near Lahiffy's lane. During demolition work stones marked I.H.S., 1642 and

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They established contact with Wolfe, but were only able to meet with him at night, as the English authorities were attempting to arrest the legate. Wolfe charged them initially with teaching to the boys of Limerick, with an emphasis on religious instruction, and Good translated the catechism from

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province (present day Brazil and Paraguay), about 500 km (310 mi) southwest to the three borders region of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil. About 10,000 of 30,000 Guaraní in the missions chose to accompany the Jesuits. In 1641 and 1642, armed by the Jesuits, Guaraní armies defeated the

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The Jesuits engaged in conflict with the episcopal hierarchy over the question of payment of tithes, the ten percent tax on agriculture levied on landed estates for support of the church hierarchy from bishops and cathedral chapters to parish priests. Since the Jesuits were the largest religious

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Many of Jesuit haciendas were huge, with Palafox asserting that just two colleges owned 300,000 head of sheep, whose wool was transformed locally in Puebla to cloth; six sugar plantations worth a million pesos and generating an income of 100,000 pesos. The immense Jesuit hacienda of Santa Lucía

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The number of scholars in their care was very small. An early example of a school play in Ireland is sent in one of Good's reports, which was performed on the Feast of St. John in 1566. The school was conducted in one large aula, but the students were divided into distinct classes. Good gives a

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The Jesuit presence in Ireland, in the so-called Penal era after the Battle of the Boyne, ebbed and flowed. By 1700 they were only 6 or 7, recovering to 25 by 1750. Small Jesuit houses and schools existed at Athlone, Carrick-on-Suir, Cashel, Clonmel, Kilkenny, Waterford, New Ross, Wexford, and

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sent a detailed report to Rome of his activities via the Portuguese Jesuits. He informed the Jesuit superior general that he and Edmund Daniel had arrived at Limerick city two years beforehand and their situation there had been perilous. Both had arrived in the city in very bad health, but had

1269:(of 15th-century origin, meaning "one who used too frequently or appropriated the name of Jesus") was first applied to the society in reproach (1544–1552). The term was never used by Ignatius of Loyola, but over time, members and friends of the society adopted the name with a positive meaning. 2082:

made efforts to translate western mathematical and astronomical works into Chinese and aroused the interest of Chinese scholars in these sciences. They made very extensive astronomical observation and carried out the first modern cartographic work in China. They also learned to appreciate the

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notes that in every country under German occupation, priests played a major part in rescuing Jews, and that the Jesuits were one of the Catholic Orders that hid Jewish children in monasteries and schools to protect them from the Nazis. Fourteen Jesuit priests have been formally recognized by

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The suppression of the Jesuits alienated the colonial empires from the natives they governed in the Americas and Asia, as the Jesuits were active protectors of native rights against the colonial empires. With the supression of the Order, the profitable Jesuit reductions which gave wealth and

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Jesuit scholar John Padberg states that the restriction on Jewish/Muslim converts was limited only to the degree of parentage. Fourteen years later this was extended back to the fifth degree. Over time the restriction relating to Muslim ancestry was dropped. In 1923, the 27th Jesuit General

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They recommenced teaching at Castle Lane, and imparting the sacraments, though their activities were restricted by the arrival of Royal Commissioners. Good reported that as he was an Englishman, English officials in the city cultivated him and he was invited to dine with them on a number of

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and members of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits acquired landed estates that were run with the best-practices for generating income in that era. A number of these haciendas were donated by wealthy elites. The donation of a hacienda to the Jesuits was the spark igniting a conflict between

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structure of Catholic thought. This method of teaching was important in the context of the Scientific Revolution, as these universities were open to teaching new scientific and mathematical methodology. Further, many important thinkers of the Scientific Revolution were educated by Jesuit

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Châtel fut écartelé, le jésuite Guignard fut pendu; et ce qui est bien étrange, Jouvency, dans son Histoire des Jésuites, le regarde comme un martyr et le compare à Jésus-Christ. Le régent de Châtel, nommé Guéret, et un autre jésuite, nommé Hay, ne furent condamnés qu'à un bannissement

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The 20th century witnessed both growth and decline of the order. Following a trend within the Catholic priesthood at large, Jesuit numbers peaked in the 1950s and have declined steadily since. Meanwhile, the number of Jesuit institutions has grown considerably, due in large part to a

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and the preferential option for the poor emerged as dominant themes of the work of the Jesuits. When Arrupe was paralyzed by a stroke in 1981, Pope John Paul II, not entirely pleased with the progressive turn of the Jesuits, took the unusual step of appointing the venerable and aged

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1609 were, in the 19th century, found inserted in a wall behind a tan yard near St Mary's Chapel which, according to Lenihan, were thought to mark the site of an early Jesuit school and oratory. This building, at other times, had also functioned as a dance house and candle factory.

4301:, Latin for "provost-general", more commonly called Father General. He is elected by the General Congregation for life or until he resigns; he is confirmed by the pope and has absolute authority in running the Society. The current Superior General of the Jesuits is the Venezuelan 2513:, a reform branch of the Franciscans in France, to convert the native inhabitants. In 1624 the French Recollects realized the magnitude of their task and sent a delegate to France to invite the Society of Jesus to help with this mission. The invitation was accepted, and Jesuits 866:

the native peoples. The Jesuits have always been controversial within the Catholic Church and have frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. Beginning in 1759, the Catholic Church expelled Jesuits from most countries in Europe and from European colonies.

4501:. A typical conception of the mission of a Jesuit school will often contain such concepts as proposing Christ as the model of human life, the pursuit of excellence in teaching and learning, lifelong spiritual and intellectual growth, and training men and women for others. 794:. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote 5169:

and had particular disdain for the Jesuits. According to John Pollard, the Jesuits' "ethos represented the most intransigent opposition to the philosophy of Nazism", and so the Nazis considered them as one of their most dangerous enemies. A Jesuit college in the city of

4106:". He said "St Ignatius of Loyola was above all a man of God, who gave the first place of his life to God, to his greater glory and his greater service. He was a man of profound prayer, which found its center and its culmination in the daily Eucharistic Celebration." 2896:

sap whose main consumers were the lower classes and Indigenous peoples in Spanish cities. Although most haciendas had a free work force of permanent or seasonal labourers, the Jesuit haciendas in Mexico had a significant number of enslaved people of African descent.

1781:, and education of indigenous nations. They also built schools, organized people into villages, and created a writing system for the local languages of Brazil. José de Anchieta and Manuel da Nóbrega were the first Jesuits that Ignacio de Loyola sent to the Americas. 2466:

Following the restoration of the Society of Jesus in 1814, the Jesuits gradually re-established a number of their schools throughout the country, starting with foundations at Kildare and Dublin. They returned to Limerick at the invitation of the Bishop of Limerick,

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16th and 17th-century Jesuit institutions intended to train priests were hotbeds for the persecution of Catholics in Britain, where men suspected of being Catholic priests were routinely imprisoned, tortured, and executed. Jesuits were among those killed, including

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in 1580. This was removed in 1587 due to fears over their growing influence. Jesuits did, however, have much success in Latin America. Their ascendancy in societies in the Americas accelerated during the seventeenth century, wherein Jesuits created new missions in

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The society is divided into geographic areas called provinces, each of which is headed by a Provincial Superior, formally called Father Provincial, chosen by the Superior General. He has authority over all Jesuits and ministries in his area, and is assisted by a

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fosters social awareness and social service in the classroom and through extracurricular programs, usually detailed on their websites. The Jesuits also run over 500 notable or stand-alone social or economic development centres in 56 countries around the world.

4632:, the fifth general of the society, but was probably written by former Jesuit Jerome Zahorowski. It purports to describe the methods to be adopted by Jesuits for the acquisition of greater power and influence for the society and for the Catholic Church. The 4166:. Before he became pope, he had been appointed a bishop when he was in "virtual estrangement from the Jesuits" since he was seen as "an enemy of liberation theology" and viewed by others as "still far too orthodox". He was criticised for colluding with the 6088:, a periodical produced in Rome by the Jesuits, has often been used as a semi-official platform for popes and officials of the Roman Curia to float ideas for discussion or hint at future statements or positions, though authorship is limited to Jesuits. 4442:(1965), when the society had a total membership of 36,038, of which 20,301 were priests. This decline is most pronounced in Europe and the Americas, with relatively modest membership gains occurring in Asia and Africa. According to Patrick Reilly of the 4553:

Jesuit scholar Andrew Dial has calculated that the Jesuits owned more than 20,000 slaves worldwide in 1760, the great majority of them in the Americas. The Jesuits in some places protected the indigenous people of the Americas from slavers, notably the

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in 1717. In 1602, Ferrer began to explore the Aguarico, Napo, and Marañon rivers (Sucumbios region, in what is today Ecuador and Peru), and between 1604 and 1605 set up missions among the Cofane natives. He was martyred by an apostate native in 1610.

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Ignatius and the Jesuits who followed him believed that the reform of the church had to begin with the conversion of an individual's heart. One of the main tools the Jesuits have used to bring about this conversion is the Ignatian retreat, called the

13524: 3853:– with the hope, perhaps, of then being able with less difficulty to overthrow in the near future, the Christian faith and morale in the heart of the Spanish nation, which gave to the Church of God the grand and glorious figure of Ignatius Loyola." 4513:

gives the following instructions: "The clothing too should have three characteristics: first, it should be proper; second, conformed to the usage of the country of residence; and third, not contradictory to the poverty we profess." (Const. 577)

1247:("For the greater glory of God"). This phrase is designed to reflect the idea that any work that is not evil can be meritorious for the spiritual life if it is performed with this intention, even things normally considered of little importance. 17344: 3270:

in 1609. The objectives of the Jesuits were to make Christians of the Guaraní, impose European values and customs (which were regarded as essential to a Christian life), and isolate and protect the Guaraní from European colonists and slavers.

838:

Members of the Society of Jesus make profession of "perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience" and "promise a special obedience to the sovereign pontiff in regard to the missions" to the effect that a Jesuit is expected to be directed by the

4951: 1139:

signed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and by Pope Julius III in 1550. The formula expressed the nature, spirituality, community life, and apostolate of the new religious order. Its famous opening statement echoed Ignatius' military background:

2354:, was sent to Limerick charged with a Royal Commission to seek out and expel the Jesuits. Daniel was immediately ordered to quit the city and went to Lisbon, where he resumed his studies with the Portuguese Jesuits. Good moved on to 4284:

normally takes between eight and fourteen years, depending on the man's background and previous education, and final vows are taken several years after that, making Jesuit formation among the longest of any of the religious orders.

2596:(Isle de Saint-Joseph). However, facing starvation, lack of supplies, and constant threats of Iroquois attack, the small Sainte-Marie II was abandoned in June 1650; the remaining Christian Hurons and Jesuits departed for Quebec and 3314:, "the Jesuits established a monarchical authority in Paraguay, founded solely on their powers of persuasion and on their lenient methods of government. Masters of the country, they rendered happy the people under their sway." 2839:

distinguished themselves in several ways. They had high standards for acceptance to the order and many years of training. They attracted the patronage of elite families whose sons they educated in rigorous newly founded Jesuit

2698:

Provinces. At their height, there were ten provinces. Though there had been mergers in the past, a major reorganization of the provinces began in early 21st century, with the aim of consolidating into four provinces by 2020.

5317:

Several other Jesuits are known to have rescued or given refuge to Jews during that period. A plaque commemorating the 152 Jesuit priests who gave their lives during the Holocaust was installed in April 2007 at the Jesuits'

4491:. The degree to which the Jesuits are involved in the administration of each institution varies. As of September 2018, 15 of the 27 Jesuit universities in the US had non-Jesuit lay presidents. According to a 2014 article in 2504:

established the foundations of the French colony at Québec in 1608. The native tribes that inhabited modern day Ontario, Québec, and the areas around Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay were the Montagnais, the Algonquins, and the

5275:. As his health declined, the Nazis feared the creation of a martyr and sent him to the Abbey of Ettal in 1940. There he continued to give sermons and lectures against the evils of the Nazi régime, until his death in 1945. 1732:

became controversial in Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal where they were seen as interfering with the proper colonial enterprises of the royal governments. The Jesuits were often the only force standing between the

4101:

to Rome, and took the opportunity to thank God "for having granted to your Company the gift of men of extraordinary sanctity and of exceptional apostolic zeal such as St Ignatius of Loyola, St Francis Xavier, and Blessed

5841: 2273:

Reforms and finding suitable men to fill vacant sees. He established a house of religious women in Limerick known as the Menabochta ("poor women" ) and in 1565 preparations began for establishing a school at Limerick.

15341: 5182:. Vincent Lapomarda lists some 30 Jesuits as having died at Dachau. Of the total of 152 Jesuits murdered by the Nazis across Europe, 43 died in the death camps and an additional 27 died from captivity or its results. 1183:

In fulfilling the mission of the "Formula of the Institute of the Society", the first Jesuits concentrated on a few key activities. First, they founded schools throughout Europe. Jesuit teachers were trained in both

5197:

to carry on its campaign against the Nazis in Poland. Vatican Radio was run by the Jesuit Filippo Soccorsi and spoke out against Nazi oppression, particularly with regard to Poland and to Vichy-French antisemitism.

4944: 3988:

initiated the Church in the 21st Century program as a means of moving the church "from crisis to renewal". The initiative has provided the society with a platform for examining issues brought about by the worldwide

3973:, Avery Dulles was long known for his carefully reasoned argumentation and fidelity to the teaching office of the church. An author of 22 books and over 700 theological articles, Dulles died on 12 December 2008 at 17212: 13816: 5880: 4177:

On 2 October 2016, General Congregation 36 convened in Rome, convoked by Nicolás, who had announced his intention to resign at age 80. On 14 October, the 36th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus elected

1046:(Augustinians). Ignatius of Loyola and his followers appropriated the name of Jesus for their new order, provoking resentment by other orders who considered it presumptuous. The resentment was recorded by Jesuit 14916: 6079:

Jesuits are also known for their involvement in publications. Most Jesuit colleges and universities have their own presses which produce a variety of books, book series, textbooks, and academic publications.

4275:

The formation (training) of Jesuits seeks to prepare men spiritually, academically, and practically for the ministries they will be called to offer the church and world. Ignatius was strongly influenced by the

5817: 11286: 4452:" in counteracting the fall of vocations among the Jesuits. Twenty-eight novices took first vows in the Jesuits in the United States and Haiti in 2019. In September 2019, the superior general of the Jesuits, 13519: 9907: 3337:. In 1756, the Guaraní protested the relocation of seven missions, fighting (and losing) a brief war with both the Spanish and Portuguese. The Jesuits were accused of inciting the Guaraní to rebel. In 1767, 5390:, the latter of which has been described as "the Jesuit science". The Jesuits have been described as "the single most important contributor to experimental physics in the seventeenth century". According to 8891: 4937: 9997: 3847:

to an authority different from the legitimate authority of the State. In this way it was sought to do away with the Society of Jesus – which can well glory in being one of the soundest auxiliaries of the

15544: 13637:

Desideri, Ippolito. "Mission to Tibet: The Extraordinary Eighteenth-Century Account of Father Ippolito Desideri." Translated by Michael J. Sweet. Edited by Leonard Zwilling. Boston: Wisdom Publications,

10417: 5829: 7125: 5793: 17207: 13787: 9697: 8843:

Image–Object–Performance: Mediality and Communication in Cultural Contact Zones of Colonial Latin America and the Philippines, ed. Astrid Windus and Eberhard Crailsheim (Munster: Waxmann Verlag, 2013)

8252: 4846: 4333:

Each Jesuit community within a province is normally headed by a rector who is assisted by a "minister", from the Latin word for "servant", a priest who helps oversee the community's day-to-day needs.

5683: 9663: 8330:

Los tres siglos de México durante el gobierno español, hasta la entrada del ejército trigarante. Obra escrita en Roma por el P. Andrés Cavo, de la Compañía de Jesús; publicada con notas y suplemento

5857: 5465:, "a substantial body of scientific knowledge and a vast array of mental tools for understanding the physical universe, including the Euclidean geometry that made planetary motion comprehensible". 2538:

in 1626 and lived among the Huron peoples. Brébeuf learned the native language and created the first Huron language dictionary. Outside conflict forced the Jesuits to leave New France in 1629 when

17197: 4280:, and he wanted Jesuits to be able to offer whatever ministries were most needed at any given moment and, especially, to be ready to respond to missions (assignments) from the pope. Formation for 2385:. His execution was carried out on 25 October 1572 and a report of it was sent by Fitzmaurice to the Jesuit Superior General in 1576, where he said that Daniel was "cruelly killed because of me". 1486:. They were an important force in the Counter-Reformation and in the Catholic missions, in part because their relatively loose structure (without the requirements of living and celebration of the 1108:("To the Government of the Church Militant"), on 27 September 1540. This is the founding document of the Society of Jesus as an official Catholic religious order. Ignatius was chosen as the first 13775: 9629: 5146:

Goa is sadly famous for its inquisition, equally contrary to humanity and commerce. The Portuguese monks made us believe that the people worshipped the devil, and it is they who have served him.

17324: 9728: 5268:

has been beatified. Mayer was a Bavarian Jesuit who clashed with the Nazis as early as 1923. Continuing his critique following Hitler's rise to power, Mayer was imprisoned in 1939 and sent to

3239:

beginning in the year 1705. In 1768, the only Omagua mission that was left was San Joaquin de Omaguas, since it had been moved to a new location on the Napo river away from the Bandeirantes.

2558:. After a series of epidemics of European-introduced diseases beginning in 1634, some Huron began to mistrust the Jesuits and accused them of being sorcerers casting spells from their books. 2884:

in that city. Since the Jesuits resisted paying the tithe on their estates, this donation effectively took revenue out of the church hierarchy's pockets by removing it from the tithe rolls.

1569:

After much training and experience in theology, Jesuits went across the globe in search of converts to Christianity. Despite their dedication, they had little success in Asia, except in the

9136: 6806: 4748: 4497:, "the number of Jesuit priests who are active in everyday operations at the schools isn't nearly as high as it once was". Worldwide it runs 322 secondary schools and 172 colleges and 3235:

founded 38 missions along the length of the Amazon river, between the Napo and Negro rivers, that were called the Omagua Missions. These missions were continually attacked by the Brazilian

1239:, adopted in 1553, which created a centralised organization and stressed acceptance of any mission to which the pope might call them. His main principle became the unofficial Jesuit motto: 5754: 17312: 15454: 9453: 3954:, El Salvador, because they had been labeled as subversives by the government. The assassinations galvanized the society's peace and justice movements, including annual protests at the 3322:

and privileges from the Crown, and the lack of competition" The Jesuits are portrayed as "exploiters" who "sought to create a kingdom independent of the Spanish and Portuguese Crowns."

1630:, Jesuits thrived in Goa and until 1759 successfully expanded their activities to education and healthcare. In 1594 they founded the first Roman-style academic institution in the East, 10027: 7676: 5111: 17418: 9854: 7562: 3663:

protection to natives were sequestered by royal authorities and the natives enslaved. Faced with this supression; the natives, mestizos, and creoles were galvinized into starting the

2083:

scientific achievements of this ancient culture and made them known in Europe. Through their correspondence, European scientists first learned about the Chinese science and culture.

3632:

The success of the Jesuits in converting the Indigenous peoples is linked to their efforts to understand the native cultures, especially their languages. The first grammar of the

3096: 2377:

and a Spanish plot. He was removed from Limerick, taken to Cork "just as if he were a thief or noted evildoer". After being court-martialled by the Lord President of Munster, Sir

9166: 5805: 3977:, where he had taught for twenty years as the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society. He was, at his passing, one of ten Jesuit cardinals in the Catholic Church. 16760: 15596: 10443: 2641:

The Jesuit mission in Quebec was re-established in 1842. There were a number of Jesuit colleges founded in the decades following; one of these colleges evolved into present-day

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The Jesuits, nevertheless, have made numerous significant contributions to the development of science. For example, the Jesuits have dedicated significant study to fields from

4213:

Pope Francis gave his approval to these priorities, saying that they were in harmony with the church's present priorities and with the programmatic letter of his pontificate,

9815: 3557: 1655: 13920: 11186: 5457:. One modern historian writes that in late Ming courts, the Jesuits were "regarded as impressive especially for their knowledge of astronomy, calendar-making, mathematics, 17267: 17064: 3298:, they discovered the richly populated Jesuit missions. Initially, the missions had few defenses against the slavers and thousands of Guaraní were captured and enslaved. 2978:

was once more president of Mexico. Their re-introduction to Mexico was "to assist in the education of the poorer classes and much of their property was restored to them".

2206:, displayed such extreme ignorance that the emperor mandated the expulsion of Christian missionaries unable to abide by the terms of Ricci's Chinese catechism. Tournon's 15353: 15143: 4902: 4076: 3486:

The eventual temporary suppression of the Jesuits due their role in anti-colonial and anti-slavery revolts among the Paraguay reductions, alongside cooperation with the

1372:

Ignatius and the early Jesuits did recognize, though, that the hierarchical church was in dire need of reform. Some of their greatest struggles were against corruption,

1192:, and their schools reflected this. These schools taught with a balance of Aristotelian methods with mathematics. Second, they sent out missionaries across the globe to 13210: 5302:

Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem, for risking their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust of World War II: Roger Braun (1910–1981) of France,

3545: 11871: 11278: 11124: 4558:

in South America, but in other places they enslaved indigenous people after "just wars" in which indigenous people who resisted European colonization were defeated.

3969:, an internationally known author, lecturer, and theologian, was created a cardinal of the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II. The son of former Secretary of State 3789:

among the Jesuits. While this claim is debatable, Jesuits were generally supportive of papal authority within the church, and some members became associated with the

3471:

in the Philippines. The Jesuits were instrumental in the sciences of medicine, botany, zoology, astronomy and seismology. They trained the Philippines' second saint,

1463:

The Jesuit schools played an important part in winning back to Catholicism a number of European countries which had for a time been predominantly Protestant, notably

17413: 17036: 16649: 13075:

Warren, J. Benedict (1973). "An Introductory Survey of Secular Writings in the European Tradition on Colonial Middle America, 1503–1818". In Cline, Howard F. (ed.).

4033:, resigned at the request of the society. The move was widely published in the media as the result of pressure from the Vatican, following years of criticism by the 9899: 4777: 15746: 15565: 6004:, Jesuit schools had become a very controversial place of instruction as they abandoned teaching traditional Catholic education with things such as the mastery of 3490:, allowed their vacated parishes to be put under control by the local nationalistic diocesan clergy; the martyrdom of three of them, the diocesan priests known as 1055:

had signed a Brief to do away with it." But nothing came of all the opposition; there were already congregations named after the Trinity and as "God's daughters".

9422: 8883: 14770: 13367: 10178: 9989: 8980: 8452:

Cipolletti, Maria Susana; Magnin, Juan (2008). "'Nostalgia del monte'. Indigenas del Oriente peruano segun un manuscripto del jesuita Juan Magnin (Borja 1743)".

11944: 10407: 9959: 4253:, whose purpose is "to conquer oneself and to regulate one's life in such a way that no decision is made under the influence of any inordinate attachment". The 2906:. Jesuits did significantly expand missions to the Indigenous in the northern frontier area and a number were martyred, but the crown supported those missions. 1761:

to protect the natives from enslavement by Spanish and Portuguese colonizers would contribute to the call for the society's suppression. Jesuit priests such as

17192: 16956: 16951: 7117: 13784: 11841: 10582: 10498: 10299: 9689: 2877: 1452:, classical literature, poetry, and philosophy as well as non-European languages, sciences, and the arts. Furthermore, Jesuit schools encouraged the study of 8242: 5659: 3955: 1642:, it had a great influence on the learning of Eastern languages (Chinese and Japanese) and culture by missionary Jesuits, becoming home to the first western 9655: 1697:

language and culture, writing a long and very detailed account of the country and its religion as well as treatises in Tibetan that attempted to refute key

15499: 9336:"Votation No 236 Tableau récapitulatif: Arrêté fédéral abrogeant les articles de la constitution fédérale sur les jésuites et les couvents (art. 51 et 52)" 8574: 7776: 7738: 7639: 3310:

from exploitation and preserved the Guaraní language and other aspects of indigenous culture." "By means of religion," wrote the 18th century philosopher

3169:, Brazil, on the banks of the Amazon river on 12 December 1639. In 1641, Acuña published in Madrid a memoir of his expedition to the Amazon river entitled 11673: 3777:, who had been elected as superior in Russia in 1805, acquired universal jurisdiction. On his death in 1820 the Jesuits were expelled from Russia by tsar 15221: 14868: 12432:

The Age of Reason Begins: A History of European Civilization in the Period of Shakespeare, Bacon, Montaigne, Rembrandt, Galileo, and Descartes, 1558–1648

10539: 10112: 9793: 9762: 4663: 3345:

to assert more Spanish control over its American colonies. In total, 78 Jesuits departed from the missions leaving behind 89,000 Guaraní in 30 missions.

13772: 9621: 9557: 6950:

through the agency of the superior as if he were a lifeless body which allows itself to be carried to any place and to be treated in any manner desired.

5946: 3942:, Joaquin López y López, Juan Ramon Moreno, and Amado López), Elba Ramos their housekeeper, and Celia Marisela Ramos her daughter, were murdered by the 3424:

In addition to missionary work, the Jesuits compiled artifacts and chronicled the precolonial history and culture of the Philippines. Jesuit chronicler

3080:(1590) introduced Europeans to Spain's American empire via fluid prose and keen observation and explanation, based on 15 years in Peru and some time in 2862:

to the priesthood would be accepted as a Jesuit. Jesuits were also zealous in evangelization of the indigenous, particularly on the northern frontiers.

17069: 16300: 15780: 15460: 14820: 11654: 11605: 11521: 11217: 10261: 5781: 5739: 5193:

was particularly severe. Lapomarda wrote that Ledóchowski helped "stiffen the general attitude of the Jesuits against the Nazis" and that he permitted

4313:, a confidential advisor whose task is to warn the General honestly and confidentially when he might be acting imprudently or contrary to the church's 2957:

published in the early 19th century. An earlier Jesuit who wrote about the history of Mexico was Diego Luis de Motezuma (1619–99), a descendant of the

12959: 11711: 9720: 5896: 2600:. As a result of the Iroquois raids and outbreak of disease, many missionaries, traders, and soldiers died. Today, the Huron tribe, also known as the 17074: 16675: 15606: 8995: 8134: 5912: 5190: 2631: 2592:

instead of allowing the Iroquois the satisfaction of destroying it. By late June 1649, the French and some Christian Hurons built Sainte-Marie II on

9491: 5118:. At the same time, Jesuits have been appointed to prominent doctrinal and theological positions in the church; under Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop 16750: 15623: 15510: 14651: 12924: 5284: 4475:

and, most notably, higher education. It operates colleges and universities in various countries around the world and is particularly active in the

4235:

The spirituality practiced by the Jesuits, called Ignatian spirituality, ultimately based on the Catholic faith and the gospels, is drawn from the

10955: 10700: 9128: 6814: 2463:. It was finally forced to close, not for religious or confessional reasons, but due to the political difficulties of the Jesuit Order elsewhere. 15471: 15014: 14945: 11090: 11056: 5724: 4484: 2847: 2664: 11547: 11155: 11020: 10989: 9063:

Bullock, Steven C. Revolutionary brotherhood: Freemasonry and the transformation of the American social order, 1730–1840 (UNC Press Books, 2011)

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The dissolution of the order left in place substantial estates and investments, amounting to an income of approximately £5,000 a year, and the

1062:. Pope Paul III gave them a commendation, and permitted them to be ordained priests. These initial steps led to the official founding in 1540. 8999: 6107:, founded by a Jesuit, is an independent publisher of Catholic books, most of which are of the popular academic or lay-intellectual variety. 17029: 16060: 15787: 15079: 15067: 13456: 12708:

Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology, and the Social Sciences: An Analysis of the Contradictions of Modernity at the Turn of the Millennium

12703: 11914: 10295: 10019: 9376: 7671: 6157:, edited by the Newman Institute, covers a broad spectrum of issues concerning faith, culture, research, and society. The printed version of 3397:

in particular was run like the Jesuit reductions in Paraguay and housed a large population of Peruvian and Latin American immigrants whereas

2910:

that had real estate were less economically integrated, so that some individual houses were wealthy while others struggled economically. The

1834: 230: 13162: 10349: 10322: 9929: 9846: 9587: 9229: 6549: 5766: 3161:

In 1639, the Audiencia of Quito organized an expedition to renew its exploration of the Amazon river and the Quito Jesuit (Jesuita Quiteño)

2708: 1913:

in the Elizabethan times, an English province was only established in 1623. The first pressing issue for early Jesuits in what today is the

15739: 12476: 6267: 5730: 5179: 4121:, because the Jesuits have always been "extremely active in the promotion of this essential devotion". In his 3 November 2006 visit to the 13886: 9526: 8861: 8822: 6900: 6769: 3333:. Although the revolt ultimately failed and the missions remained intact, the Jesuits were expelled from institutions they had created in 1929:

in Seville (1592), which culminated in a place of study in Louvain (1614). This was the earliest foundation of what would later be called

17297: 16333: 15826: 15586: 15487: 15103: 14763: 8943:

2007 Institutional Brochure, Ateneo de Manila University. Published by the Office of International Programs, Ateneo de Manila University.

6628: 6425: 16715: 16014: 15191: 10880: 10384: 9158: 8219: 5994: 5123: 4034: 3947: 1212:. One of the original seven arrived in India already in 1541. Finally, though not initially formed for the purpose, they aimed to stop 664: 10439: 5178:

persecution, and many Jesuit priests were deported to death camps. Jesuits made up the largest contingent of clergy imprisoned in the

4125:, Benedict XVI cited the university as "one of the greatest services that the Society of Jesus carries out for the universal Church". 17099: 15633: 15591: 14898: 12976: 11194: 10466: 9292: 8922: 7572: 6579: 6207: 4880: 4249: 4196: 3871: 3441: 2971:

was completed in 1696. He "aimed to show that Mexican emperors were a legitimate dynasty in the 17th-century in the European sense".

2804:

Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó in the 18th century, the first permanent Jesuit mission in Baja California, established by

2350:, which resulted in a new wave of repression of Catholicism in England and Ireland. At the end of 1568 the Anglican Bishop of Meath, 2322:

with his students and congregation, and that his sermons should emphasize obedience to secular princes if he wished to avoid arrest.

1381: 915: 11248: 10781: 6601: 6035:. This is a Jesuit tradition that focuses on cultivating a person as a whole, as one learns to speak and write for the common good. 4202:

To walk with the poor, the outcasts of the world, those whose dignity has been violated, in a mission of reconciliation and justice;

3737:, the Society was able to maintain its continuity and carry on its work all through the stormy period of suppression. Subsequently, 3217: 2900:

The Jesuits operated their properties as an integrated unit with the larger Jesuit order; thus revenues from haciendas funded their

17022: 16468: 15683: 15660: 15648: 14602: 13803: 11737: 9823: 9343: 7475: 6473: 5823:

St. Francis Xavier Church, a Jesuit parish church across the street from the Rockhurst University campus, Kansas City, Missouri, US

4460: 4294: 3456:, its re-establishment in Mindanao and its alliance against the Sultanates of Ternate and Lanao as vassals under Christian Spain. 2401: 1109: 910: 909:

area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the

814: 473: 305: 12867:. Maury A. Bromsen Lecture in Humanistic Bibliography. Vol. 5. Boston: Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Boston. 7270: 6368: 4109:

In May 2006, Benedict XVI also wrote a letter to Kolvenbach on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Pope Pius XII's encyclical

3467:, to convert it to Christianity. The Jesuits also founded many towns, farms, haciendas, educational institutes, libraries, and an 15732: 15601: 14644: 13917: 13079:. Vol. 13: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part Two. Austin: University of Texas Press (published 2015). pp. 42–137. 12034: 5978: 5971: 5162: 3498:(also Jesuit-educated upon the restoration of the order), who became the Philippines' national hero. He successfully started the 1273: 521: 7599: 1799:

Jesuit scholars working in foreign missions were very dedicated in studying the local languages and strove to produce Latinized

1704: 17403: 16162: 16104: 15581: 15549: 15466: 15396: 14756: 14071: 13668: 10219: 7149:

Portuguese Pioneers of Vietnamese Linguistics Prior to 1650 – Pionniers Portugais de la Linguistique Vietnamienne Jusqu'en 1650

6242: 4488: 2623: 2551: 1930: 1910: 614: 6846: 6503: 5928: 5134:

In the quest to evangelize, Jesuits persecuted people of other religions, including Hindus, Muslims and other Christians. The

3610: 30:

This article is about the Society of Jesus, also known as Jesuit Order. For philosophy concerning the teachings of Jesus, see

17302: 17292: 15226: 15055: 13664: 13141: 13115: 13084: 13046: 13015: 12910: 12872: 12833: 12814: 12787: 12737: 12715: 12683: 12664: 12645: 12618: 12590: 12568: 12544: 12486: 12462: 12440: 12390: 12362: 12343: 12296: 12230: 10052: 8768: 6864: 6065: 5863: 3369:, who evangelized the Philippines in support of Spanish colonization. The Jesuits worked particularly hard in converting the 2306:

their house in accommodation owned by the Lord Deputy of Ireland, which was conveyed to them by certain influential friends.

2224: – led to the swift collapse of all the missions in China; the last Jesuits were finally expelled after 1721. 1865: 927: 13828: 13207: 9106: 5708: 5596: 4890: 3840:

had campaigned for this permission. Monastic orders were permitted in 1897, but the ban on Jesuits was only lifted in 1956.

3765:

to restore the Jesuits universally, and on his return to Rome he did so without much delay. On 7 August 1814, with the bull

3165:

was a part of this expedition. The expedition disembarked from the Napo river 16 February 1639 and arrived in what is today

2269:

Wolfe's mission in Ireland initially concentrated on setting the sclerotic Irish Church on a sound footing, introducing the

17059: 15972: 15868: 15416: 15256: 15203: 14910: 13065: 11879: 11484: 11132: 7446: 2933:

As elsewhere in the Spanish empire, the Jesuits were expelled from Mexico in 1767. Their haciendas were sold off and their

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The Jesuit Order As a Synagogue of Jews: Jesuits of Jewish Ancestry and Purity-of-Blood Laws in the Early Society of Jesus

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2019 he presented the results of the discernment, a list of four priorities for Jesuit ministries for the next ten years.

3256: 17115: 16834: 16732: 16619: 15369: 14044: 12064: 8954: 6257: 5553: 3664: 3657: 2938: 2441: 1651: 872: 452: 12120: 9414: 7240: 7091: 5379:("The Official Plan of studies for the Society of Jesus") of 1599, was almost entirely based on the works of Aristotle. 4606:

The Jesuits justified their ownership of slaves and participation in the slave trade as a means of converting slaves to

4258: 16872: 16174: 15925: 15643: 15037: 13546: 12317: 9048: 8605: 8436: 7173: 5990: 5887: 5258: 3326: 3206:

rivers. Jesuit de la Cueva and Raimundo de Santacruz opened up two new routes of communication with Quito, through the

2199: 1954: 1734: 1225: 13847: 13364: 11602: 10174: 7702:"Life in Tudor Limerick: William Good's 'Annual Letter' of 1566". By Thomas M. McCoog SJ & Victor Houliston. From 6692: 4918: 3536:, the Jesuits relocated their organization's nexus in Asia from China to the Philippines and brought along a sizeable 2033: 16004: 15671: 15654: 15347: 15026: 13952: 13739: 13279: 12274: 12252: 11936: 11577: 10867: 10569: 9967: 9276: 9082: 8724: 8525: 7545: 7489: 7414: 7207: 7156: 6939: 5986: 5690: 4897: 4675: 4046: 3031: 2535: 2319: 2233: 1544: 1344: 754: 17: 14248: 13406:

The Jesuits in Latin America: 1549–2000:: 450 Years of Inculturation, Defense of Human Rights, and Prophetic Witness

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Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTESarreal20146–7" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

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Seah, Audrey (2017), "The 1670 Chinese Missal: A Struggle for Indigenization amidst the Chinese Rites Controversy",

5564:). He founded numerous missions and served as the peace-bringer between the tribes and the government of New Spain. 5044:

lists "equivocating" as a secondary denotation of the word "Jesuit". Modern critics of the Society of Jesus include

2674:

The Society of Jesus, in the United States, is organized into geographic provinces, each of which being headed by a

2342:

during the pacification of Munster. The political and religious climate had become more uncertain in the lead up to

1622:) in 1541 to carry out evangelical service in the Indies. In a 1545 letter to John III of Portugal, he requested an 16775: 16255: 16145: 15555: 15534: 15448: 15215: 15109: 15097: 15073: 14862: 14637: 13058:

Come Le Armadure e L'Armi. Per una storia delle antiche biblioteche della Compagnia di Gesù. Con il caso di Perugia

11849: 10743: 10590: 10287: 7506: 7329: 7118:"24 de abril de 2014: Santa Misa de acción de gracias por la canonización de San José de Anchieta | Francisco" 5622: 5446:), the theoretical possibility of flight, the way the moon affected the tides, and the wave-like nature of light." 5269: 2660: 2480: 11903:"The 'New' Jesuits: The Response to the Society of Jesus to Vatican II, 1962–2012: Some Alacrity, Some Resistance" 10506: 9656:"Letter to the Superior General of the Society of Jesus on the 50th anniversary of the Encyclical Haurietis Aquas" 4860: 4656: 16270: 16194: 15814: 15792: 15391: 15320: 15238: 15120: 15043: 14892: 14808: 14609: 13704: 12920: 10082: 7566: 6986: 5625:

was a Jesuit priest and psychotherapist who became widely known for his books which introduced Westerners to the

5307: 4826: 4577:, accumulated large debts which he was unable to pay which led to the banning of the Jesuits in France in 1764. 4167: 4122: 4017: 3279: 2589: 2452: 2167: 2108: 1891:, considered the most extensive among works of the missionaries. Extensive documentation was left in the form of 1631: 11974: 11438:

Anton Gill; An Honourable Defeat; A History of the German Resistance to Hitler; Heinemann; London; 1994; p. 264.

9040:

The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

6451: 5174:

served as a center for anti-Nazi resistance and was closed down by the Nazis in 1938. Jesuits were a target for

4923: 2447:

Despite the efforts of the Castle authorities and English government the Limerick school managed to survive the

2381:, he was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason and refused pardon in return for swearing the 17339: 17168: 17131: 16509: 16128: 15775: 15767: 15755: 15314: 15291: 15031: 14967: 13291: 13060:. Biblioteca di bibliografia – Documents and Studies in Book and Library History, vol. 205. Florence: Olschki. 11651: 10612: 8550: 7049: 5952: 5919: 5375:

Between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, the teaching of science in Jesuit schools, as laid down in the

4763: 3768: 3013: 2635: 1326: 1112:. Paul III's bull had limited the number of its members to sixty. This limitation was removed through the bull 862:

established missions around the world from the 16th to the 18th century and had both successes and failures in

657: 13751: 11630: 10120: 9754: 5848: 3266:

in the 1580s. The first Jesuits arrived in Asunción in 1588 and founded their first mission (or reduction) of

2975: 2444:, 208 years after its foundation by Wolfe. Morony then went to live in Dublin and worked as a secular priest. 1573:. For instance, early missions in Japan resulted in the government granting the Jesuits the feudal fiefdom of 16804: 16383: 16358: 15967: 15406: 14658: 14623: 14616: 14018: 13557: 12336:

The Renewed, The Destroyed, and the Remade: The Three Thought Worlds of the Iroquois and the Huron, 1609–1650

10529: 9785: 6654: 6629:"Documents of the Jesuits and of Michael de Villanueva (Servetus) in the register of the University of Paris" 3583: 2855: 2817: 2566: 2266:. He was charged with setting up grammar schools "as a remedy against the profound ignorance of the people". 1926: 1678: 1103: 1082: 439: 11513: 11225: 10246: 7811: 3919:

for an interim to oversee "the authentic renewal of the Church", instead of the progressive American priest

2954: 2800: 17408: 16844: 16363: 16353: 15809: 15522: 15493: 15477: 15385: 15374: 15274: 15155: 14234: 12939: 11715: 8192: 6227: 4566: 4062: 3962:, Georgia, United States, where several of the assassins had been trained under US government sponsorship. 2756: 2654: 2374: 2060: 1078: 624: 8126: 3625:

natives, who had previously fought the Portuguese. The Jesuits took part in the foundation of the city of

2805: 17398: 17233: 16809: 16179: 15952: 15628: 15516: 15482: 15431: 14339: 14213: 13125: 12986:. Area Handbook Series (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 1–49. 10639: 9565: 9475: 8355:

Corona mexicana, o historia de los Motezumas, por el Padre Diego Luis de Motezuma de la Compañía de Jesús

5867: 5391: 5218: 5068:

Although in the first 30 years of the existence of the Society of Jesus there were many Jesuits who were

4756: 3587: 2421: 2393: 2339: 2315: 1922: 1031:, a partner or comrade. From this came "Society of Jesus" (SJ) by which they would be known more widely. 14451: 12004: 7294:"Global Science and Comparative History: Jesuits, Science, and Philology in China and Europe, 1550–1850" 5745: 2326:

highly detailed report of the curriculum taught and the top class studied the first and second parts of

16818: 15843: 15426: 15401: 15331: 15285: 15232: 15197: 15167: 15114: 14694: 14561: 14526: 14482: 10670: 10354: 6421: 6212: 6025: 5715: 5545: 5493:, educators, scientists, artists, philosophers, and a pope. Among many distinguished early Jesuits was 5480: 4444: 4438: 4067: 3805: 3464: 3417: 3311: 3154: 3089: 2942: 2828: 2158:

and other monastic orders, Jesuit accommodation of Chinese culture and rituals led to the long-running

2112: 1627: 1395:

The retreat follows a "Purgative-Illuminative-Unitive" pattern in the tradition of the spirituality of

1259: 1100:

reported favourably upon the Constitution presented, and Paul III confirmed the order through the bull

951: 771: 619: 11098: 11064: 10963: 10881:"El Estatuto de Limpieza de Sangre de la Compañía de Jesús (1593) y su influencia en el Perú Colonial" 5186: 4812: 3812:

Catholic defence alliance. The ban was lifted on 20 May 1973, when 54.9 per cent of voters accepted a

17393: 17045: 16877: 16579: 15890: 15665: 15576: 15326: 15161: 15008: 14723: 14423: 14171: 12657:

Catholic Higher Education in Protestant America: The Jesuits and Harvard in the Age of the University

11543: 11163: 11030: 11025: 10997: 8633: 6272: 6099: 6094:

is an international journal of contemporary Christian spirituality published by the British Jesuits.

5871: 5772: 5484: 5335: 5098:

Within the Catholic Church, there has existed a sometimes tense relationship between Jesuits and the

5049: 5041: 4540:

and black clothing of diocesan priests while most Jesuits in Europe are dressed in civilian clothes.

4029: 3899:, a movement that was controversial in the Catholic community after the negative assessment of it by 3730: 3514: 3480: 2873: 2456: 2159: 1276:, favored the order and she is reputed to have been admitted surreptitiously under a male pseudonym. 650: 401: 13535: 12094: 8955:"A Catechetical Primer on the Life, Martyrdom and Glorification of Blessed Pedro Calungsod – Part 1" 5993:.) They also run elementary schools at which they are less likely to teach. Many of the schools are 2604:, have a First Nations reserve in Quebec, Canada, and three major settlements in the United States. 16710: 16285: 15802: 15560: 15442: 15437: 15359: 15209: 15138: 14939: 14630: 13723: 10142: 8984: 6115: 5156: 4885: 4638:

states the book is a forgery, fabricated to ascribe a sinister reputation to the Society of Jesus.

3990: 3939: 3009: 2691: 2067: 1981: 1792: 1666: 1522: 1322: 124: 13908: 13465: 11743:. Translated by Allan P. Farrell. Conference of Major Supporters of Jesuits. 1970 . Archived from 9365: 6537: 4337:

The Superior General meets more regularly with smaller councils composed of just the provincials.

2301:

Latin into English for this purpose. They remained in the city for eight months, before moving to

1475:

as well as in music. The theater was a form of expression especially prominent in Jesuit schools.

1392:

who guides their choice of exercises and helps them to develop a more discerning love for Christ.

1147:

A fresco depicting Ignatius receiving the papal bull from Pope Paul III was created after 1743 by

1096:

Again in 1540, they presented the project to Paul III. After months of dispute, a congregation of

17005: 16328: 16184: 15911: 15421: 15173: 14904: 14814: 13307: 13297: 13265: 12802: 12309:

The Jesuits, 1534–1921: A History of the Society of Jesus from Its Foundation to the Present Time

12262: 12240: 11902: 10326: 9937: 9595: 9201: 5811:

The Church of the Gesu in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US, is the school church of Marquette University.

5565: 5310:(1896–1968) of Belgium, Jean Fleury (1905–1982) of France, Emile Gessler (1891–1958) of Belgium, 4855: 4807: 4727: 3586:, brought the first group of Jesuits to the colony. The Jesuits were officially supported by the 3533: 3518: 3162: 3002: 1884: 1861: 1758: 1315: 1148: 446: 14587: 14192: 13866: 12150: 8597: 6084: 4978: 4698: 3785:

by the Jesuits. It has been suggested that the experience of suppression had served to heighten

3729:

had forbidden its promulgation. Because millions of Catholics (including many Jesuits) lived in

1127:

entered the Company. Ignatius sent him to Messina, where he founded the first Jesuit college in

16799: 16685: 16398: 15528: 15279: 15091: 14374: 14346: 14206: 14087: 14000: 13882: 12450: 11341: 11335: 9534: 8792: 6766: 6232: 6187: 6001: 5835:

St. Francis Xavier College Church in the Saint Louis University campus, St. Louis, Missouri, US

5799:

Holy Name of Jesus Church in the Loyola University New Orleans campus, New Orleans Louisiana US

5311: 4708: 4703: 4603:. In other parts of Europe, slaves were probably employed in Jesuit schools and institutions. 4593: 4521:, called a "soutane" is similar to a robe which is wrapped around the body and was tied with a 4054: 3881: 3825: 3742: 3522: 3487: 3366: 3130: 2687: 2078:

brought by the Jesuits coincided with a time when scientific innovation had declined in China:

1366: 1242: 1097: 852: 497: 292: 13576:

Making the New World their own: Chinese encounters with Jesuit science in the age of discovery

11318: 11312: 11279:"Pope Francis names Luis Ladaria as new prefect of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith" 9900:"Dominican Master urges Jesuits to adopt 'audacity and humility' in electing Superior General" 9038: 8853: 8760: 8754: 7406: 7392: 6262: 5579: 4670: 4136:

as the new superior general on 19 January 2008. In a letter to the order, Benedict XVI wrote:

2525:

arrived in Quebec in 1625. Lalemant is considered to have been the first author of one of the

17176: 16695: 16680: 16393: 16250: 16157: 15957: 15940: 15853: 15797: 15638: 15571: 15244: 15132: 15126: 14985: 14416: 13945: 13759: 13252:

Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond, 1540–1750

12929: 12678:. Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions. Vol. 146. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. 12502: 12353:

Cline, Sarah L. (1997). "Church and State: Habsburg New Spain". In Werner, Michael S. (ed.).

11314:

Oeuvres completes de Voltaire, avec des notes et une notice historique sur la vie de Voltaire

11252: 6856: 6410: 6318: 6192: 5618: 5450: 5344: 5323: 5025: 5005: 4989: 4634: 4589: 4230: 4083: 3924: 3778: 3499: 3341:(1759–88) expelled the Jesuits from the Americas. The expulsion was part of an effort in the 3267: 2914:, who were founded as an order embracing poverty, did not accumulate real estate, unlike the 2851: 2695: 2683: 2679: 2429: 2397: 2327: 2293: 2075: 2071: 1918: 1479: 1453: 16745: 14676: 10896: 10376: 8211: 5666: 1846: 1662: 1388:

on the purpose of life and contemplations on the life of Christ. They meet regularly with a

954:, to pronounce promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Ignatius' six companions were: 828: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16854: 16781: 16624: 16584: 16403: 16305: 16280: 16219: 16024: 15999: 15935: 15085: 14874: 14684: 14595: 14540: 14367: 11256: 11052: 10985: 6415: 6237: 5651: 5612: 5578:

was a 17th-century Spanish Jesuit and baroque prose writer and philosopher. He was born in

5560:

is renowned in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico (an area then called the

5544:

was notable for his mission to African slaves, building on the work of Alonso de Sandoval.

5502: 5411: 5356: 5319: 5031: 4693: 4562: 4129: 4098: 4049:, and the right of life for the unborn. Following his resignation, Reese spent a year-long 3877: 3849: 3693: 3453: 3429: 3409: 3338: 2788:

characterizes much of the ornate decoration, especially in the interior walls; finally the

2781: 2526: 2460: 2255: 2140: 2003: 1934: 1893: 1778: 1639: 1487: 1421: 947: 806: 468: 337: 13902:

Archives of Jezuïeten – Belgische (1832–1935) En Vlaamse (1935–) Provincie. 16de Eeuw–2012

12511: 11671:

yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4042826 Fleury Jean (1905–1982)

9622:"Address of his Holiness Benedict XVI to the Fathers and Brothers of the Society of Jesus" 9300: 9255:

The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867

8914: 8417:"The Western Margins of Amazonia from the Early Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century" 6571: 5510: 3931: 3598: 3560: 3178:

In 1637, the Jesuits Gaspar Cugia and Lucas de la Cueva from Quito began establishing the

1762: 1717: 8: 16976: 16700: 16690: 16639: 16497: 16483: 16343: 16085: 15848: 14927: 14779: 14409: 14297: 14269: 14255: 13991: 13983: 10859: 10789: 9930:"The first session in the aula and Father Nicolás' resignation – General Congregation 36" 6605: 6057: 6032: 6009: 5605: 5601: 5119: 5115: 4798: 4449: 4042: 3896: 3794: 3741:

granted formal permission for the continuation of the society in Russia and Poland, with

3726: 3510: 3449: 3187: 3150: 3114: 3103: 3085: 3059: 2675: 2668: 2619: 2543: 2501: 2351: 2070:

of the 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and astronomy, then undergoing

2026: 2022: 1876: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821:, "Vocabulary of the Japanese Language", a Japanese–Portuguese dictionary written 1603); 1725: 1514: 1483: 1460:, and thereby became important centres for the training of lawyers and public officials. 1362: 939: 931: 848: 810: 599: 584: 490: 333: 213: 14505: 14430: 13600: 11744: 9335: 9202:"Silencing Genocide: The Jesuit Ministry in Colonial Cartagena de Indias and its Legacy" 6477: 5851:

is at the heart of Santa Clara University's historic campus Santa Clara, California, US.

5575: 5506: 5497:, a missionary to Asia who converted more people to Catholicism than anyone before, and 5102:, due to questioning of official church teaching and papal directives, such as those on 4525:, rather than the customary buttoned front cassock worn by diocesan priests. A tuftless 3445: 2642: 2565:

decided that the missionaries among the Hurons needed a local residence and established

1766: 1713: 926:

On 15 August 1534, Ignatius of Loyola (born Íñigo López de Loyola), a Spaniard from the

564: 17366: 16988: 16765: 16534: 16458: 16426: 16245: 16214: 16051: 16039: 15900: 15838: 15713: 15539: 14991: 14921: 14737: 14402: 14395: 14290: 14080: 13608: 13604: 13420: 13416: 12760: 12637: 12633: 12430: 12411: 11698: 11694: 10735: 10692: 9221: 8590: 8477: 7770: 7732: 7321: 7262: 7196:

Các nhà truyền giáo Bồ Đào Nha và thời kỳ đầu của Giáo hội Công giáo Việt Nam (Quyển 1)

6360: 6178: 6073: 5982: 5360: 5272: 5250: 5087: 4974: 4770: 3974: 3970: 3920: 3887: 3829: 3774: 3746: 3734: 3618: 3602: 3468: 3195: 3183: 3110: 2789: 2742: 2547: 2518: 2468: 2124: 1853: 1611: 1574: 1389: 1043: 975: 959: 898: 892: 787: 640: 539: 141: 43: 16554: 14136: 13813: 13513:

Missio Moscovitica: The Role of the Jesuits in the Westernization of Russia, 1582–1689

13183: 12732:. Monumenta Serica Monograph Series. Vol. 33. Nettetal, Germany: Steyler Verlag. 12289:

The First America: Spanish Monarchs, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867

12026: 10408:"Father Sosa: Attacks against Pope Francis are aimed at influencing the next conclave" 5760:

Christ the King Church in the Ateneo de Naga University campus, Naga City, Philippines

5518: 2514: 2490: 1626:

to be installed in Goa to combat heresies like crypto-Judaism and crypto-Islam. Under

995: 151: 16934: 16839: 16614: 16600: 16574: 16559: 16463: 16448: 16378: 16368: 16237: 16169: 16070: 16034: 15930: 15411: 15336: 15297: 15049: 14701: 14381: 14318: 14101: 14094: 13693:

Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 5: Quellen, Glossar, Biogramme, Gesamtregister

13660: 13618: 13287: 13275: 13137: 13111: 13080: 13061: 13042: 13025: 13011: 12951: 12906: 12868: 12862: 12829: 12810: 12783: 12749: 12733: 12725: 12711: 12679: 12660: 12641: 12614: 12586: 12564: 12558: 12540: 12482: 12458: 12436: 12386: 12358: 12339: 12313: 12307: 12292: 12270: 12248: 12226: 12214: 12201: 11573: 11517: 10888: 10863: 10696: 10565: 9483: 9272: 9225: 9078: 9044: 9034: 8884:"Today in Philippine history: 16 September 1635, Father Pedro Chirino died in Manila" 8764: 8720: 8601: 8546: 8521: 8469: 8432: 8247: 7606: 7541: 7485: 7410: 7313: 7203: 7200:

Les missionnaires portugais et les débuts de l'Eglise catholique au Viêt-nam (Tome 1)

7152: 7055: 7045: 6947: 6935: 6860: 6648: 6361:"Society of Jesus (Institute of Consecrated Life – Men) [Catholic-Hierarchy]" 6247: 6052: 5934: 5498: 4977:. Under questioning, Châtel revealed that he had been educated by the Jesuits of the 4629: 4600: 4599:

In the 16th century, Jesuits were also complicit in the Portuguese trade in enslaved

4570: 4327: 4216: 4094: 4087: 4013: 3923:

whom Arrupe had preferred. In 1983 John Paul gave leave for the Jesuits to appoint a

3900: 3884:" and drafted what eventually became the council's endorsement of religious freedom, 3680: 3286:

In addition to recurrent epidemics, the Guaraní were threatened by the slave-raiding

2247: 2048: 1938: 1880: 1694: 1682: 1165: 1059: 1035: 569: 17272: 13010:. Translated by von Germeten, Nicole. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Co. 10223: 9990:"How the Jesuits' four new universal apostolic priorities support social enterprise" 5529: 5226: 4555: 4171: 4133: 3071: 2638:, assumed the task of allocating the funds to suitable recipients, chiefly schools. 1047: 16824: 16629: 16609: 16529: 16514: 16413: 16315: 16189: 16029: 15987: 15982: 15962: 15945: 15858: 15617: 15379: 15342:

Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

14554: 14388: 14332: 14241: 14143: 14115: 14027: 13938: 13814:

Letter of the Jesuit Social Justice Secretariat to the leaders of the G8, July 2005

13235:

God's Soldiers: Adventure, Politics, Intrigue & Power: A History of the Jesuits

12223:

God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science

12193: 10682: 10534: 10412: 9213: 8812: 8804: 8676: 8461: 8424: 7781: 7743: 7644: 7305: 6852: 6499: 6292: 5903: 5569: 5435: 4802: 4581: 4270: 4090:, he intended to step down as superior general in 2008, the year he would turn 80. 3985: 3843: 3837: 3773:, he reversed the suppression of the society, and therewith another Polish Jesuit, 3750: 3633: 3537: 3413: 3404: 2907: 2593: 2578: 2570: 2555: 2522: 2382: 2311: 2289: 2270: 2207: 2186: 2155: 2120: 2100: 2096: 2088: 2052: 2018: 1750: 1619: 1490:

in common) allowed them to be flexible and meet diverse needs arising at the time.

1358: 1115: 979: 967: 935: 868: 779: 704: 594: 589: 197: 156: 14512: 14178: 13132:

God's Soldiers: Adventure, Politics, Intrigue, and Power: A History of the Jesuits

10640:"Antoine Lavalette, Slave Murderer: A Forgotten Scandal of the French West Indies" 10113:"The Jesuit Community at JST – Jesuit School of Theology – Santa Clara University" 10060: 8428: 7793: 7755: 7656: 7174:"Bồ Đào Nha và công trình sáng chế chữ quốc ngữ: Phải chăng cần viết lại lịch sử?" 3617:. Nóbrega and Anchieta were instrumental in the defeat of the French colonists of 3591: 3579: 3563:

on a commemorative Portuguese stamp of the 400th anniversary of the foundation of

3353:

The Jesuits were among the original five Catholic religious orders, alongside the

2509:. Champlain believed that these had souls to be saved, so in 1614 he obtained the 1034:

Religious orders established in the medieval era were named after particular men:

17243: 17156: 17141: 16882: 16849: 16793: 16787: 16644: 16549: 16453: 16265: 15759: 15724: 15611: 15179: 14880: 14547: 14325: 14283: 14276: 14051: 14036: 13924: 13912: 13851: 13832: 13825: 13820: 13791: 13779: 13561: 13550: 13539: 13528: 13371: 13269: 13238: 13214: 13130: 12898: 12776: 12695:

Church and State in Latin America: A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical Relations

12578: 11677: 11658: 11609: 11120: 8465: 7535: 7479: 7396: 6925: 6908: 6773: 6147: 6137: 5474: 5303: 5135: 5009: 4537: 4112: 4024: 3998: 3606: 3541: 3472: 3362: 3342: 3294:

or as concubines and household servants. Having depleted native populations near

3179: 3066:, with not only dense indigenous populations but also huge deposits of silver at 2919: 2785: 2746: 2678:. Today, there are four Jesuit provinces operating in the United States: the USA 2562: 2370: 2210: 2202:

and Bishop Charles Maigrot of Fujian, tasked with presenting this finding to the

2176: 2148: 2116: 1869: 1674: 1623: 1472: 1439: 1384:. During a four-week period of silence, individuals undergo a series of directed 1290: 783: 775: 530: 373: 193: 14917:

Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno

14748: 13854:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Nigel Aston, Simon Ditchfield & Olwen Hutton ( 13166:

History of the Jesuit missions in India, China and Japan (Luis de Guzmán, 1601).

9098: 8416: 8199:. Montreal: Stewart Derbishire & George Desbarats. 1847. pp. 1483–1484. 7434: 7398:

The History of the Relations between the Low Countries and China in the Qing Era

5561: 5521:, a French missionary who was martyred during the 17th century in what was once 5234: 2667:, and (in Europe before 1773) its politically conservative role in the Catholic 1143: 146: 17151: 16945: 16770: 16564: 16539: 16503: 16443: 16436: 16431: 16421: 16275: 16260: 16199: 16075: 16065: 15821: 15701: 15354:

Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception

14802: 14533: 14498: 14444: 14199: 14164: 14157: 14150: 14129: 14108: 13204:

To Overcome Oneself: The Jesuit Ethic and Spirit of Global Expansion, 1520–1767

12523: 12472: 12218: 12177: 10856:

The Jesuits: The Society of Jesus and the Betrayal of the Roman Catholic Church

9876: 8197:

The provincial statutes of Canada: anno undecimo et duodecimo Victoriae Reginae

7785: 7747: 7648: 6777: 6395: 6104: 6013: 5494: 5443: 5399: 5398:, by the eighteenth century the Jesuits had "contributed to the development of 5290: 5238: 5222: 5210: 5058:

The Jesuits: The Society of Jesus and the Betrayal of the Roman Catholic Church

5053: 5045: 4997: 4993: 4821: 4734: 4620: 4472: 3981: 3935: 3911: 3790: 3754: 3676: 3672: 3626: 3394: 3386: 3199: 3146: 3063: 2946: 2608: 2601: 2585: 2506: 2278: 2203: 2163: 2015:

Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese, or, Chinese Knowledge Explained in Latin

1946: 1914: 1774: 1670: 1607: 1601: 1449: 1400: 1251: 1124: 1086: 1070: 955: 863: 682: 579: 574: 559: 544: 287: 130: 58: 16138: 14262: 13718: 13413:

The Catholic Bishops of Europe and the Nazi Persecutions of Catholics and Jews

12950:(4). St. Louis, Missouri: American Assistancy Seminar on Jesuit Spirituality. 12056: 10687: 9527:"CGU Student Josh Harris to Spend Two Months in Federal Prison for Protesting" 8958: 8808: 8681: 7633: 7309: 5442:'s rings. They theorized about the circulation of the blood (independently of 5245:

to overthrow Hitler. Another non-military German Resistance group, dubbed the

4970: 3895:

In Latin America, the Jesuits had significant influence in the development of

2950: 2823: 2010: 17387: 16829: 16755: 16721: 16705: 16665: 16348: 16323: 16099: 16009: 15994: 15916: 15262: 14933: 14437: 14227: 14122: 12955: 12284: 12205: 12116: 10892: 9487: 9410: 9250: 9217: 8473: 7317: 7232: 7059: 5674: 5254: 5194: 5107: 5037: 5001: 3833: 3758: 3717:

The suppression was carried out on political grounds in all countries except

3425: 3207: 3203: 3142: 2760: 2437: 2366: 2334: 2310:

occasions, though he was warned to exercise prudence and avoid promoting the

1906: 1838: 1425: 1213: 1052: 1039: 832: 791: 245: 232: 35: 17014: 15545:

Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)

13844: 13785:

Benedict XVI's Visit to the Pontifical Gregorian University, 3 November 2006

13773:

Benedict XVI's Address to the Members of the Society of Jesus, 22 April 2006

13615:

Men astutely trained : a history of the Jesuits in the American century

13567:

Wright, Jonathan. "From Immolation to Restoration: The Jesuits, 1773–1814."

13543: 13390:

Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. "Jesuit Foreign Missions. A Historiographical Essay."

13385:

Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus & the State, c. 1540–1640

12847:. International Education Series. Vol. 2. New York: D. Appleton and Co. 7202:

2004 (in Vietnamese & French). Reichstett, France: Định Hướng Tùng Thư.

7181: 5556:

in 1767 and wrote an important history of Mexico during his exile in Italy.

4969:

The Jesuits were temporarily banished from France in 1594 after a man named

3808:

was modified and Jesuits were banished in 1848, following the defeat of the

3594:

to give them all the support needed to Christianize the indigenous peoples.

3571: 3495: 2725:. It is among the best-known churches in Quito because of its large central 2143:

thinkers, some of whom were intrigued by the Jesuits' attempts to reconcile

1365:

that would introduce reforms within the Catholic Church, and so counter the

1224:. The zeal of the Jesuits overcame the movement toward Protestantism in the 17146: 16939: 16814: 16670: 16634: 16373: 16295: 16139: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15863: 15268: 15185: 14996: 14956: 14832: 14826: 14491: 14471: 14304: 14185: 13103: 12826:

For Matters of Greater Moment:The First Thirty Jesuit General Congregations

12426: 12197: 11086: 10471: 9685: 9651: 9617: 7430: 6700: 6390: 6252: 6012:. Jesuit schools replaced classic theological instruction from people like 5977:

and secular schools, the Jesuits are the Catholic religious order with the

5636: 5557: 5541: 5490: 5462: 5352: 5265: 5166: 4985: 4741: 4493: 4163: 4154: 4118: 4072: 3966: 3951: 3907: 3738: 3668: 3354: 3290:

from Brazil, who captured natives and sold them as slaves to work in sugar

3287: 3274: 3262:

slaves of many. Franciscan missionaries began establishing missions called

3244: 3236: 3232: 3221: 3175:, which for academics became a fundamental reference on the Amazon region. 3138: 3124: 3099: 2962: 2915: 2263: 2259: 2196: 2181: 2171: 2144: 2092: 2037:

A map of the 200-odd Jesuit churches and missions established across China

1990: 1950: 1860:

in North America, many of them compiling dictionaries or glossaries of the

1647: 1526: 1417: 1396: 971: 920: 859: 802: 609: 554: 328: 17084: 13319:

The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context: Causes, Events, and Consequences

12537:

Jesuit Political Thought: The Society of Jesus and the State, c. 1540–1630

12435:. The Story of Civilization. Vol. 7. New York: Simon & Schuster. 10208:

Canada and the United States only; not including Mexico and the Caribbean.

10090: 9847:"Five Years Later Changes under Pope Francis are Revealing his Jesuit DNA" 5514: 3614: 3564: 3295: 2420:

publicly from the pulpit of St. Mary's Cathedral on 4 occasions. Cardinal

2281:, a priest of the Diocese of Limerick, was persuaded to accept the vacant 2213:

for any violators of Clement's decree – upheld by the 1715

1788: 1770: 17136: 16740: 16569: 16544: 16519: 16492: 16479: 16388: 16290: 15977: 15697: 15504: 15250: 14886: 14856: 14850: 14519: 14360: 14311: 14220: 13976: 13399:

Inside the Jesuits: How Pope Francis is Changing the Church and the World

13359:

Grendler, Paul F. "Jesuit Schools and Universities in Europe 1548–1773."

12554: 12422: 6626: 6197: 6110:

Manresa is a review of Ignatian spirituality published in Madrid, Spain.

6103:

magazine has long had a prominent place in Catholic intellectual circles

6021: 6017: 5642:

The Feast of All Jesuit Saints and Blesseds is celebrated on 5 November.

5427: 5246: 5230: 5206: 4817: 4607: 4476: 4464: 4453: 4314: 4302: 4277: 4183: 4179: 4103: 4093:

On 22 April 2006, the Feast of Our Lady, Mother of the Society of Jesus,

3943: 3916: 3801: 3688: 3684: 3622: 3506: 3385:

to Christianity, in which case, they were successful among the cities of

3358: 3291: 3191: 2911: 2448: 2378: 2347: 2343: 2219: 2104: 1810: 1570: 1412: 987: 604: 549: 422: 312: 136: 76: 13039:

Searching the Heavens and the Earth: The History of Jesuit Observatories

12213:

Ashworth, William B. (1986). "Catholicism and Early Modern Science". In

11491:; 3rd ed. (1st English ed.); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p. 160 11463:; 3rd ed. (1st English ed.); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p. 33. 10739: 10723: 9506: 8817: 8756:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor

8481: 7540:, Studies in Christian Mission, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, p. 115, 7325: 7293: 5430:. They observed, in some cases before anyone else, the colored bands on 3334: 16524: 16109: 15061: 15020: 15002: 14844: 14838: 14579: 14062: 13755: 10613:"The Society of Jesus in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions" 7512: 6217: 6202: 5626: 5522: 5458: 5415: 5403: 5387: 5364: 5295: 5201: 4624:(Secret Instructions of the Jesuits), published in 1612 and in 1614 in 4574: 4498: 4468: 4281: 4050: 4008: 3994: 3959: 3867: 3863: 3813: 3809: 3641: 3548:

and educational institutes training the country's intellectual elites.

3330: 3263: 3211: 3016: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2792:

adorns the Chapel of Saint Mariana de Jesús (in early years a winery).

2510: 2497: 2471:, in 1859 and also re-established a school at Galway in the same year. 2302: 2214: 2056: 1994: 1888: 1857: 1804: 1643: 1597: 1562: 1385: 1329: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1255: 1193: 1136: 1073:(24 June). They devoted themselves to preaching and charitable work in 1058:

In 1537, the seven travelled to Italy to seek papal approval for their

943: 12905:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 356–357. 10350:"American Jesuits Are in a Free Fall, and the Crisis is Getting Worse" 9323:

How the Pope Became Infallible: Pius IX and the Politics of Persuasion

8664: 6994: 6930:. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. 3870:

areas and an increase in voluntary lay groups inspired in part by the

3540:. The Jesuits currently play a pivotal role in the nation-building of 2777: 1690: 39: 15677: 14950: 14353: 13485:

Jesuit on the Roof of the World: Ippolito Desideri's Mission to Tibet

11966: 7368: 6447: 5938: 5787:

St. John's Church in Creighton University campus, Omaha, Nebraska, US

5583: 5549: 5537: 5454: 5419: 5407: 5383: 5299: 5242: 5171: 5021: 4569:

slaves on their large plantations scattered throughout the Americas.

4530: 4310: 3786: 3194:. Between 1637 and 1652 there were 14 missions established along the 3081: 2836: 2730: 2500:

in the 17th century, Jesuits played an active role in North America.

2405: 2132: 1754: 1709: 1468: 1420:, the Jesuit plan of studies incorporated the Classical teachings of 1404: 1090: 795: 15455:

Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God

13901: 13190:

Jesuit Tradition in Education & Missions: A 450-Year Perspective

13008:

Treatise on Slavery: Selections from De Instauranda Aethiopum Salute

11408: 11249:"'Sala Stampa' style change: From toreador to low-key mathematician" 10616: 10020:"Pope Francis approves four priorities for the Jesuits' next decade" 9721:"To the Fathers of the General Congregation of the Society of Jesus" 9129:"Ateneo overtakes UP as top Philippine university in global ranking" 6807:"St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Development of the Society of Jesus" 5340: 5289:

In his history of the heroes of the Holocaust, the Jewish historian

4644:

Separation of church and state in the history of the Catholic Church

4625: 3644:), where the natives worked for the community and were evangelised. 3640:

in 1595. The Jesuits often gathered the natives in communities (the

3302: 3067: 2991: 2812: 1868:

languages they had learned. For instance, before his death in 1708,

1784: 1304: 17361: 16983: 16338: 16092: 16080: 15708: 14797: 14732: 13136:. New York: Doubleday Religious Publishing Group (published 2005). 11622: 11331: 11308: 10814: 10777: 6172: 6113:

In Australia, the Jesuits produce a number of magazines, including

6061: 5139: 5103: 5099: 5074:(Catholic-convert Jews and Muslims and their descendants), an anti- 5070: 4585: 4522: 4086:

informed members of the Society of Jesus that, with the consent of

3491: 3460: 3374: 3315: 2859: 2784:) influence is seen in the geometrical figures on the pillars; the 2615: 2574: 2251: 2243: 2192: 1969: 1873: 1842: 1746: 1729: 1698: 1583: 1457: 1373: 1250:

The Society of Jesus is classified among institutes as an order of

1209: 1201: 1189: 1185: 999: 906: 635: 13746: 13554: 13492:

Harvest of Hope: Jesuit Collegiate Education in England, 1794–1914

8210:

Meehan, Peter; Thériault, Michel; Cooper, Celine (26 April 2019).

5138:

was one among various persecutions that Jesuits were involved in.

5063: 4610:. "Enslaved people...were a captive audience for evangelization." 4467:. The society is characterized by its ministries in the fields of 4205:

To accompany young people in the creation of a hope-filled future;

2974:

The Jesuits were allowed to return to Mexico in 1840 when General

1986: 1741:. Together throughout South America but especially in present-day 888: 16999: 16595: 16209: 15831: 13521:

Religious Orders as Transnational Networks of the Catholic Church

13440:

O'Malley, John. "The Society of Jesus." in R. Po-chia Hsia, ed.,

13286:, Special Edition Published 1997 by Loyola University Press, US. 10724:"From Expulsion to Restoration: The Jesuits in Crisis, 1759–1814" 9690:"Visit of the Holy Father to the Pontifical Gregorian University" 7807: 7505:

Von Collani, Claudia (2009), "Biography of Charles Maigrot MEP",

6604:. Atlanta, Georgia: Ignatius House Retreat Center. Archived from 5699: 5540:

with important material on indigenous peoples. In South America,

5431: 5175: 4526: 4518: 3718: 3637: 3437: 3370: 3225: 2945:

wrote an important history of Mexico while in Italy, a basis for

2773: 2772:

incorporated elements of four architectural styles, although the

2734: 2531:, which chronicled their evangelization during the 17th century. 2359: 2355: 2239: 1965: 1800: 1738: 1587: 1557: 1284: 1229: 1205: 1200:, founding missions in widely diverse regions such as modern-day 1152: 902: 31: 12697:(2nd ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 7698: 7696: 7694: 6474:"africa.reuters.com, Spaniard becomes Jesuits' new 'black pope'" 5985:

in 40 countries and 324 secondary schools in 55 countries. (The

5461:, and geography". The Society of Jesus introduced, according to 3166: 3095: 2485: 821:, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the 16761:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

16204: 16114: 16019: 15597:

Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

13734: 13340:

Ignatius of Loyola, Founder of the Jesuits: His Life & Work

12245:

Art on the Jesuit Missions in Asia and Latin America, 1542–1773

8793:"Missionaries and Commanders: The Jesuits in Mindanao, 1718–68" 8094: 8092: 5587: 5439: 5423: 5213:

that operated within Nazi Germany was executed in February 1945

4132:

of the Society of Jesus convened on 5 January 2008 and elected

4058: 3762: 3722: 3398: 3390: 2958: 2889: 2597: 2539: 2409: 2136: 1998: 1961: 1769:

founded several towns in Brazil in the 16th century, including

1742: 1591: 1464: 1403:. Ignatius' innovation was to make this style of contemplative 1197: 1128: 1066: 746: 719: 12516:

The Story of Christianity: The Early Church to the Present Day

12267:

Between Renaissance and Baroque: Jesuit Art in Rome, 1565–1610

9266: 6325:

and, by extension, any person with Jewish or Muslim ancestry,

5453:

of the 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and

5371:

or Prime Minister of State, and his granddaughter Candide Hiu.

3683:, the society's defender. On 21 July 1773 his successor, Pope 1964:

alone, with three other places of worship remaining extant in

716: 384: 14009: 13435:

Jesuit Mind. The Mentality of an Elite in Early Modern France

12891:

Crime and Punishment: The Colonial Period to the New Frontier

11996: 11420: 11396: 11384: 9269:

Jesuit Survival and Restoration, A Global History (1773–1900)

7691: 6780:, Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies, accessed 31 May 2021 6069: 6031:

Jesuit educational institutions aim to promote the values of

6005: 5886:

the Church of the Gesu, Philadelphia is the school church of

5695: 5639:

on 13 March 2013 and is the first Jesuit to be elected pope.

5629: 5348: 5012:, managed to escape arrest for his involvement in this plot. 4480: 4261:

whereby one develops a facility to "find God in all things".

4002: 3757:

until 1805, all elected locally as Temporary Vicars General.

3745:

elected superior of the province in 1782. He was followed by

3529: 3433: 3382: 3378: 3301:

Beginning in 1631, the Jesuits moved their missions from the

3134: 2893: 2722: 2128: 1953:, and many others. A number of them were canonized among the 1686: 1635: 1445: 1433: 1170: 1074: 991: 983: 963: 818: 504: 217: 172: 17268:

Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe

13506:

Vision Betrayed: The Jesuits in Japan & China, 1542–1742

13041:. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Berlin: Springer. 12611:

A Jesuit Hacienda in Colonial Mexico: Santa Lucía, 1576–1767

12583:

The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope

11466: 8596:. The Story of Civilization. Simon & Schuster. pp. 8520:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 6–7, 20–28. 8089: 8065: 8041: 6355: 6353: 6351: 5122:

was Secretary and later, under Pope Francis, Prefect of the

2941:

were taken over by other orders. Exiled Mexican-born Jesuit

2191:

ruled that such behavior constituted impermissible forms of

14462: 13883:"Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu – Jesuit Archive in Rome" 13590:

Soldiers of God: The Jesuits in Colonial America, 1565–1767

13259:

Journey to the East: The Jesuit Mission to China, 1579–1724

12807:

The Jesuits II: Cultures, Sciences, and the Arts, 1540–1773

12701: 12560:

Richter's Scale: Measure of an Earthquake, Measure of a Man

11372: 9592:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

9512: 9257:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp. 453–458. 8423:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–226. 8421:

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

8396: 6518: 5670: 5533: 5185:

The Superior General of Jesuits at the outbreak of war was

4483:. In the United States the Jesuits have historical ties to 4077:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

4038: 3556: 3476: 3448:, chronicled the history of the Venice of the Visayas, the 2738: 2726: 2262:

with the concurrence of the third Jesuit superior general,

1841:(the main language of Brazil); and the pioneering study of 1579: 1221: 1217: 840: 743: 740: 713: 417: 179: 71: 13930: 13347:

Ignatius Loyola: A Biography of the Founder of the Jesuits

13326:

With Pen & Tongue: The Jesuits in Australia, 1865–1939

12864:

Windows into China: The Jesuits and their Books, 1580–1730

11494: 8696: 8564: 8562: 8493: 8491: 7537:

China's Christianity: From Missionary to Indigenous Church

7151:(in English and French). Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press. 4317:. The central staff of the General is known as the Curia. 3866:

focus on the establishment of Jesuit secondary schools in

3828:

from 1814, a relic from the earlier anti-Catholic laws of

3667:. The suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the 3044: 2766:

Over the 160 years of its construction, the architects of

1720:, the first Jesuit that Ignacio de Loyola sent to America. 737: 710: 17419:

Catholic religious orders established in the 16th century

16650:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

13862: 13532: 13110:. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing (published 2012). 12086: 10935: 9181: 9075:

Histoire des Francs-Maçons en France: De 1815 à nos jours

8360: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8270: 6910:

Constitutiones Societatis Iesu: cum earum declarationibus

6783: 6545: 6348: 5615:, a Jesuit, is the nation's only post-Reformation saint. 5517:, Brazil, were Jesuit priests. Another famous Jesuit was 3636:

language was compiled by José de Anchieta and printed in

2365:

In 1571, after Wolfe had been captured and imprisoned at

1753:". These were societies set up according to an idealized 1615: 722: 13006:

Sandoval, Alonso de (2008). Von Germeten, Nicole (ed.).

12402:

After The Fire: Sainte-Marie Among the Hurons Since 1649

11822: 11774: 11441: 10288:"Nineteen Sixty-four: By the Numbers: Jesuit Demography" 10149: 9816:"Vatican, Argentine church to open 'dirty war' archives" 8109: 8107: 6732: 6730: 5621:

was one of the first English poets to use sprung verse.

5090:" became common across Early Modern Spain and Portugal. 5024:

to obtain justifications for unjustifiable actions (cf.

3601:, Juan de Azpilcueta Navarro, Leonardo Nunes, and later 2816:

Main altar of the Jesuit colegio in Tepozotlan, now the

2618:, and Ottawa without establishing new posts. During the 1749:, they formed Indigenous Christian city-states, called " 13458:

The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century

12901:(2006). "Jesuits, The". In Blamires, Cyprian P. (ed.). 12659:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 11360: 11348: 10923: 8734: 8559: 8545:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 44–53. 8488: 8053: 7021: 7009: 6747: 6745: 4588:

and other states supported Jesuit institutions such as

4147:

Address to the 32nd General Congregation of the Jesuits

2550:. In 1632, Quebec was returned to the French under the 1917:

was to establish places for training priests. After an

1701:

ideas and establish the truth of Catholic Christianity.

13927:

Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies. Boston College.

13905: 12782:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 12730:

The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning

12355:

Encyclopedia of Mexico: History, Society & Culture

11786: 10836: 10824: 8372: 8310: 8267: 7912:

The Diocese of Limerick in the 16th and 17th Centuries

7405:, Vol. XIV, Leuven: Leuven University Press, pp. 7393:"François Noël, SJ, and the Chinese Rites Controversy" 6955: 6880: 6813:. The Cathedral Foundation. p. 12. Archived from 6715: 6661: 6038: 5922:

in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, church and cultural venue

5278: 4065:

in Washington, D.C., and later senior analyst for the

2659:

In the United States, the order is best known for its

2292:, operated in difficult circumstances. In April 1566, 1808: 1665:

founded a mission in Western Tibet in 1624 (see also "

16681:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

13643:

Jesuit Writings of the Early Modern Period: 1540–1640

13449:

Saints or Devils Incarnate? Studies in Jesuit History

13180:

Jesuits: History & Legend of the Society of Jesus

13098:(MA thesis). University of California, Santa Barbara. 13096:

The Jesuit and Franciscan Missions in Baja California

12801: (2006). "Introduction". In O'Malley, John W.; 12563:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 12357:. Vol. 1. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 12142: 11810: 11798: 10911: 10583:"Habit and dress::Society of Jesus - ::concepts" 10440:"Jesuit universities slowly losing Jesuit presidents" 8543:

The Guarani Under Spanish Rule in the Rio de la Plata

8384: 8243:"West Coast Jesuits forming new province - gradually" 8209: 8173: 8161: 8149: 8104: 8077: 7961:

The Diocese of Limerick from 1691 to the Present Time

7439:

Tiānzhŭ Shíyì, The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven

6727: 5525:(in the portion of which, is now Ontario) in Canada. 4988:, one of the leading English Jesuits, was hanged for 4509:

Jesuits do not have an official habit. The society's

3956:

Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation

3401:

eventually became the capital of the Spanish colony.

2953:

also wrote an important text on Mexican history that

1590:; as early as 1603, there were 345 Jesuit priests in 1042:, later canonized as Saint Dominic (Dominicans); and 875:

in 1773. In 1814, the Church lifted the suppression.

755: 728: 15500:

Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

13428:

Mercurian Project: Forming Jesuit Culture: 1573–1580

12828:. St. Louis, Missouri: Institute of Jesuit Sources. 11842:"November 5: Feast of all Jesuit Saints and Blessed" 11762: 9024:– Preface". R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., Quezon City. 8335: 8298: 8017: 7580: 7356: 6848:

The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction

6742: 6673: 6168: 4996:(1605). The Plot was the attempted assassination of 4580:

In the United States, tobacco plantations utilizing

4174:

praised Pope Francis as a "brother among brothers".

4162:

In 2013, the Jesuit cardinal Jorge Bergoglio became

3318:

called the Jesuit missions "a triumph of humanity".

2858:. Those same elite families hoped that a son with a 1654:

from Portuguese territories in 1759 by the powerful

725: 15222:

Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

14869:

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

13687:

Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 4: 1945–1983

13681:

Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 3: 1917–1945

13675:

Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 2: 1872–1917

13657:

Geschichte der deutschen Jesuiten: Bd. 1: 1814–1872

13221:

The Jesuits: A History from Ignatius to the Present

10758: 9822:. Associated Press. 25 October 2016. Archived from 8029: 8005: 7993: 7721:(1913), Vol. 11 Edmund O'Donnell by Charles McNeill 7484:, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, pp. 256–262, 7213: 7098:. Philadelphia : Hardy and Mahony. p. 244 6448:"News on the elections of the new Superior General" 4195:To show the way to God through discernment and the 3459:The Jesuits also established the first missions in 1829:, which was later formalized by Avignon missionary 734: 707: 15754: 15461:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 13906:ODIS – Online Database for Intermediary Structures 13312:Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Pilgrim Years 1491–1538 13129: 13108:How The Catholic Church Built Western Civilization 12933:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 12775: 12748: 12706:; Zulehner, Paul M.; Wickens, Henry, eds. (2000). 12506:. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 12410: 11570:The Righteous – The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust 11187:"Jesuit General: Liberation Theology 'Courageous'" 9159:"Ateneo overtakes UP in World University Rankings" 8589: 8286: 7780:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 7769: 7742:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 7731: 7670: 7632: 6967: 6923: 5635:Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio of Argentina was elected 4536:Today, most Jesuits in the United States wear the 4437:As of 2012, the Jesuits formed the largest single 3070:. A major figure in the first wave of Jesuits was 2968:Corona mexicana, o Historia de los nueve Motezumas 27:Male religious congregation of the Catholic Church 15607:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 14778: 13826:The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola 13408:. St Louis, MO: Institute of Jesuit Sources 2009. 12982:. In Hanratty, Dennis M.; Meditz, Sandra (eds.). 12856:. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: The Martyrs' Shrine. 12385:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 12383:The Bicentennial History of Georgetown University 12338:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. 11591:The Righteous: the Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust 9755:"To understand Pope Francis, look to the Jesuits" 9748: 9746: 9077:. Vol. 2. Privately published. p. 200. 9033: 8996:National Historical Commission of the Philippines 7634:"Entry for David Wolfe SJ by Thomas Morrissey SJ" 7344: 6028:which was a very controversial move at the time. 5264:Among the Jesuit victims of the Nazis, Germany's 5241:, ended the war on death row for his role in the 5191:Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Poland 5042:Concise Oxford Dictionary of the English language 5004:aristocracy in a single attack, by exploding the 3876:. Among the notable Jesuits of the 20th century, 3172:Nuevo Descubrimiento del gran rio de las Amazonas 2831:(1731–1787) wrote an important history of Mexico. 2632:Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec 1777:, and were very influential in the pacification, 786:headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by 17414:Religious organizations established in the 1540s 17385: 16751:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 15624:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods 15511:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament 14652:International Association of Jesuit Universities 13499:East Meets West: The Jesuits in China, 1582–1773 12710:. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. 11872:"How Vatican II Helped the Jesuits Do Their Job" 10821:, archived from the original on 5 February 2012, 10377:"Twenty-Eight Jesuit Novices Profess First Vows" 10325:. Jesuit Asia Pacific Conference. Archived from 8719:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 278. 8451: 5377:Ratio atque Institutio Studiorum Societatis Iesu 5285:Rescue of Jews by Catholics during the Holocaust 4149:, 3 December 1974; ORE, 12 December, n. 2, p. 4. 4027:, editor of the American Jesuit weekly magazine 2489:Bressani map of 1657 depicting the martyrdom of 1650:. Jesuit efforts in Goa were interrupted by the 946:outside Paris, in a crypt beneath the church of 15472:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 13659:Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2013. XXX, 274 S. 13354:Jesuits in England from 1580 to the Present Day 12805:; Harris, Steven J.; Kennedy, T. Frank (eds.). 12399: 10175:"The Society of Jesus in Numbers, 2022 Edition" 10143:"General Congregation: purpose, delegates, ..." 9267:Maryks, Robert; Wright, Jonathan, eds. (2015). 8952: 8622:the preceding paragraph is based on pp. 249–250 8098: 8071: 8047: 7771:"Entry for Edmund Daniel SJ by Stephen Redmond" 7733:"Entry for William Good SJ by Thomas McCoog SJ" 6635:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014 6627:Francisco Javier Benjamín González Echeverría. 5064:Exclusion of those of Jewish or Muslim ancestry 3613:, the settlement that gave rise to the city of 3282:mission in Paraguay, founded by Jesuits in 1706 2614:By 1700, Jesuits turned to maintaining Quebec, 2404:, records the suppression of Jesuit schools at 1693:(1716–21) and gained an exceptional mastery of 17260:Russian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Russia 15365:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception 13599:(3 vol 1938) covers Midwest from 1800 to 1919 13264: 12404:. Elmvale, Ontario: East Georgian Bay Company. 12400:Delaney, Paul J.; Nicholls, Andrew D. (1989). 11489:The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945 11461:The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945 10721: 10323:"Changing to best serve the universal mission" 9743: 9446:"Eulogy for His Eminence Cardinal Paolo Dezza" 7071: 7069: 6811:L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English 6072:, the main Jesuit shrine in the birthplace of 4208:To collaborate in the care of our Common Home. 3651: 3153:until it was transferred to the newly created 2297:recovered due to the kindness of the people. 1937:, founded in 1896, has been a presence within 1216:from spreading and to preserve communion with 801:The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the 17044: 17030: 15740: 14764: 13946: 13361:Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies 13317:Burson, Jeffrey D. and Jonathan Wright, eds. 11670: 10615:. Jesuit.org. 19 January 2008. Archived from 10405: 8497: 6296: 6146:that describes their international work (the 5645: 5600:("The Art of Prudence", 1647) were lauded by 4945: 3170: 3149:(high court) of Quito that was a part of the 3118: 3109:To minister to newly arrived African slaves, 3075: 3049: 2966: 2901: 2866: 2841: 2767: 2750: 2716: 1949:of Campion Hall, as well as Brian Cansfield, 1816: 1013: 1007: 822: 658: 13809:The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan, 1591–1610 13766: 13497:Ronan, Charles E. and Bonnie B. C. Oh, eds. 12796: 12773: 12478:The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 12421: 12376:. Vol. 2. Boston: Angel Guardian Press. 12225:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 9960:"Jesuits elect first Latin-American general" 9718: 9684: 9650: 9616: 9443: 9072: 8731:Edited by Michael Meyer and William Beezley. 8587: 7862:, Vol. 29, No. 116 (Dec., 1940), pp. 545–560 7714: 7712: 7643:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 7469: 7467: 7298:East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 6789: 6524: 6268:Sexual abuse scandal in the Society of Jesus 6135: 6134:In Germany, the Jesuits publish the journal 5217:Several Jesuits were prominent in the small 5180:Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp 5029: 4288: 3123:(1627), describing how he and his assistant 2392:In 1604, the Lord President of Munster, Sir 2047:The Jesuits first entered China through the 2029:, and François de Rougemont at Paris in 1687 1525:. There might be a discussion about this on 15587:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary 15488:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima 15104:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word 12613:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 12528:The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation 10984: 8511: 8509: 7504: 7473: 7233:"Jesuits in Britain Timeline – Our history" 7066: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6767:Text of the Formula of the Institute (1540) 5965: 5249:by the Gestapo, included the Jesuit priest 4924:Bp. Edward J. Slattery § Illegal immigrants 4847:History of Christian thought on persecution 4214: 4110: 3885: 3766: 3708: 3691: 3605:, established the first Jesuit missions in 3190:region, close to the Spanish settlement of 3137:to explore and found missions in the upper 2981: 2856:Colegio de San Francisco Javier, Tepozotlan 2737:plaster and wood carvings. Inspired by two 2217: 2184: 1897:, published annually from 1632 until 1673. 1437: 1288: 1254:, that is, a body of priests organized for 1240: 1113: 1101: 1026: 1020: 1002:. The meeting has been commemorated in the 17037: 17023: 16766:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 16716:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 15747: 15733: 15192:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus 14771: 14757: 13953: 13939: 13093: 12765:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 12455:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China 11514:"Pontiff Praises a Bavarian Foe of Nazism" 10878: 10169: 10167: 9476:"Religion: John Paul Takes On the Jesuits" 9199: 8790: 8316: 7858:T. Corcoron, "Early Jesuit Educators", in 7078:The History of the Church in Latin America 6476:. Reuters. 9 February 2009. Archived from 5225:of the Resistance were the Jesuit priests 5124:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 5015: 4952: 4938: 4778:Church–state relations in Argentina § 2005 4326:the Jesuit provinces are grouped into six 4035:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 3731:the Polish provinces recently part-annexed 3521:and the French Freemasons assented to the 2892:, the alcoholic drink made from fermented 665: 651: 416: 17309:Apostolic Administration of Minsk-Mohilev 17100:Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk 13992:Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola 13055: 12627: 12539:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12457:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12374:Our church, her Children and Institutions 12333: 12291:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11593:; Holt Paperback; New York; 2004; Preface 11447: 11426: 11414: 11402: 11390: 11051: 10953: 10686: 10247:"The Statistics and a Tentative Analysis" 10047: 10045: 8979: 8816: 8680: 8059: 7709: 7630: 7464: 6927:The constitutions of the society of Jesus 6538:"Poverty and Chastity for Every Occasion" 6329:, from admission to the Society of Jesus. 6208:Canadian Indian residential school system 6153:In Sweden the Catholic cultural magazine 4973:tried to assassinate the king of France, 4881:Evo Morales and the Roman Catholic Church 4197:Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola 3930:On 16 November 1989, six Jesuit priests ( 3880:was called one of the "architects of the 3145:from 1602 to 1610, which belonged to the 3032:Learn how and when to remove this message 2442:papal suppression of the Society of Jesus 1545:Learn how and when to remove this message 1493: 1357:The Jesuits were founded just before the 1345:Learn how and when to remove this message 1151:in the Church of Our Lady Of the Snow in 851:and, later, in the implementation of the 790:and six companions, with the approval of 15661:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls 15649:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart 15068:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux 14603:Superior General of the Society of Jesus 13430:(2004) (30 advanced essays by scholars). 13161: 13005: 12903:World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia 12724: 12577: 12530:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12510: 12305: 12269:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 12247:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 12212: 11907:Conversations on Jesuit Higher Education 11828: 11780: 11627:The Righteous Among the Nations Database 11330: 11307: 11019:Rigali, Norbert J. (23 September 2000). 10776: 10499:"St. Aloysius College mission statement" 10245:Becker, Joseph M. (January–March 1977). 9783: 9558:"BC is leading the way on church reform" 9187: 8791:Crailsheim, Eberhard (18 January 2022). 8619:Paraguay founded solely on their powers. 8506: 8390: 8240: 7672:"Entry for David Wolfe SJ by Judy Barry" 7586: 7511:, Würzburg: Stochastikon, archived from 7092:"The American Catholic quarterly review" 7027: 7015: 6898: 6886: 6844: 6829: 6800: 6798: 6736: 6667: 6051: 5339: 5200: 5129: 5086:was repealed in 1946. Bylaws requiring " 4529:(only diocesan clergy wore tufts) and a 4224: 4186:, as its thirty-first superior general. 4153: 4007: 3570: 3555: 3403: 3273: 3216: 3117:. Sandoval wrote about this ministry in 3094: 3043: 2822: 2811: 2799: 2755:is one of the most significant works of 2484: 2338:looted by government agents sent by Sir 2162:. Despite the personal testimony of the 2135:" and had considerable influence on the 2032: 2009: 1985: 1783: 1703: 1681:, in Tibet, in 1661. The Italian Jesuit 1596: 1556: 1283: 1196:those peoples who had not yet heard the 1164: 1142: 887: 15602:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary 14645:List of Jesuit educational institutions 13597:The Jesuits Of The Middle United States 13454: 13274:. Originally Published Longmans Green. 12897: 12842: 12823: 12654: 12604:. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press. 12599: 12283: 12182:Kaskaskia Illinois-to-French Dictionary 12176: 11378: 11366: 11354: 11340:(in French). chez Th. Desoer. pp. 10954:Kavanaugh, John F. (15 December 2008). 10929: 10879:Rosa, De La; Coello, Alexandre (1932). 10722:Whitehead, Maurice (Winter 2014–2015). 10668: 10406:O'Connell, Gerard (16 September 2019). 10217: 10164: 8740: 8669:The Hispanic American Historical Review 8568: 8515: 8402: 8378: 8280: 8179: 8167: 8155: 8113: 8083: 7777:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7739:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7640:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7219: 7171: 7146: 7039: 6961: 6762: 6760: 6721: 5972:List of Jesuit educational institutions 5849:Santa Clara University's Mission Church 3965:On 21 February 2001, the Jesuit priest 3436:and its war against Rajah Makatunao of 3224:'s 1707 map showing the Amazon and the 2285:, and was consecrated at Rome in 1564. 1411:The Jesuits' contributions to the late 1274:Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal 919:to help others follow the teachings of 817:. The headquarters of the society, its 522:List of Jesuit educational institutions 353:Missionary, educational, literary works 14: 17386: 15550:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy 15517:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 15467:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart 15397:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 13244: 13228:The Cambridge Companion to the Jesuits 13124: 13074: 13024: 12993:from the original on 26 September 2020 12944:Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 12937: 12919: 12888: 12860: 12851: 12746: 12692: 12673: 12608: 12522: 12495: 12471: 12408: 12380: 12261: 12239: 11977:from the original on 29 September 2019 11900: 11792: 11500: 11472: 11246: 11215: 11184: 11153: 11085: 11018: 10941: 10917: 10842: 10830: 10764: 10527: 10467:"The New Brand of Jesuit Universities" 10420:from the original on 20 September 2019 10347: 10254:Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 10244: 10042: 9752: 9700:from the original on 30 September 2007 9666:from the original on 30 September 2007 9632:from the original on 30 September 2007 9555: 9524: 9415:"The Case Against Liberation Theology" 9022:The Great Debate: The Rizal Retraction 8985:"Watch: Gomburza an NHCP Documentary" 8714: 8702: 8665:"Origins of the Rebellion of Paraguay" 8662: 8540: 8414: 8366: 8341: 8292: 8035: 8023: 8011: 7999: 7378: 7374: 7362: 7075: 6979: 6973: 6857:10.1093/actrade/9780199567416.003.0002 6243:List of saints of the Society of Jesus 5221:. Among the central membership of the 5093: 4886:Radio Maryja § Involvement in politics 4037:on articles touching subjects such as 3077:Historia natural y moral de las Indias 3051:Historia natural y moral de las Indias 2111:refined translations and disseminated 1925:was opened at Valladolid (1589), then 1852:Jesuit missionaries were active among 1444:(1599) would standardize the study of 17325:Apostolic Administration of Leningrad 17018: 17003: 15728: 15056:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament 14752: 13934: 13869:from the original on 26 February 2011 13102: 13036: 12974: 12940:"St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jews" 12553: 12534: 12449: 12371: 12352: 12186:International Journal of Lexicography 11917:from the original on 16 February 2021 11816: 11804: 11768: 11119: 10990:"No to Abortion: Posture, Not Policy" 10887:. Institutum Societatis Iesu: 45–93. 10746:from the original on 3 September 2023 10542:from the original on 12 February 2018 10479:from the original on 12 February 2018 10464: 10320: 10030:from the original on 19 February 2019 9796:from the original on 19 December 2018 9409: 9346:from the original on 17 November 2015 9002:from the original on 27 February 2024 8925:from the original on 21 February 2024 8631: 8304: 8255:from the original on 13 November 2019 7899:Limerick; Its History and Antiquities 7886:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674 7847:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674 7834:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–1674 7449:from the original on 26 December 2017 7429: 7350: 7291: 6795: 6751: 6679: 5418:– to scientific fields as various as 4964: 4893:on the United States political system 4813:Society of Jesus § Political intrigue 4628:, is alleged to have been written by 4561:The Jesuits also participated in the 4001:, women's roles, and the role of the 3819: 3761:had resolved during his captivity in 3509:, who claimed responsibility for the 2174:was a nonreligious token of respect, 1960:Four Jesuit churches remain today in 1825:(Portuguese missionaries created the 15592:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception 15582:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana 15417:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb 15412:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary 15204:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales 15144:Marians of the Immaculate Conception 15027:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 14911:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo 13442:A Companion to the Reformation World 13030:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 12312:. New York: The Encyclopedia Press. 11901:Howell, Patrick (1 September 2012). 11738:"The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599" 11550:from the original on 24 October 2013 11524:from the original on 14 October 2013 11218:"Glenn Beck and Liberation Theology" 11154:Zagano, Phyllis (17 February 2003). 10637: 10446:from the original on 16 October 2018 10285: 9857:from the original on 11 August 2023. 9844: 9456:from the original on 1 February 2020 9382:from the original on 9 February 2019 9169:from the original on 27 January 2024 9139:from the original on 30 October 2023 8854:"Moro Pirates' attacks worsen, 1634" 8588:Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1961). 7873:Irish Jesuit Annual Letters 1604–167 7533: 7476:Couve de Murville, Maurice Noël Léon 7390: 7332:from the original on 8 November 2023 7263:"Parishes & Outreach – Our work" 6804: 6757: 6371:from the original on 23 January 2003 6298:todo el que quiera militar para Dios 5902:The Church of the Gesu in Frascati, 4903:Conscience clause in medicine in the 4849:and tolerance § The mid-20th-century 4709:Fourth vow § In the Society of Jesus 4346:Jesuits in the World – January 2022 4305:who was elected on 14 October 2016. 4247:, and most specially from Ignatius' 3505:The Jesuits largely discredited the 3416:suppressing Jesuits and closing the 3088:urged the Jesuits to evangelize the 3014:adding citations to reliable sources 2985: 2729:, which is profusely decorated with 2665:network of colleges and universities 2258:. Wolfe had been sent to Ireland by 2087:For over a century, Jesuits such as 1685:established a new Jesuit mission in 1610:, one of the original companions of 1497: 1327:adding citations to reliable sources 1298: 1004:Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre 17116:List of Catholic dioceses in Russia 16620:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 15370:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary 14045:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 13797: 13094:Van Handel, Robert Michael (1991). 13077:Handbook of Middle American Indians 12097:from the original on 1 October 2019 12007:from the original on 1 October 2019 10885:Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu 10703:from the original on 31 August 2023 10530:"Time Magazine on 'Men for Others'" 10387:from the original on 3 January 2020 10199:Including Mexico and the Caribbean. 10000:from the original on 2 January 2020 9910:from the original on 23 August 2017 9784:Anderson, Jon Lee (14 March 2013). 9765:from the original on 28 August 2016 9588:"Rev. Thomas J. Reese, S.J., Chair" 9325:(Doubleday; Garden City, NY), p. 58 9200:Chamberlin, William (4 June 2018). 9109:from the original on 5 January 2024 8912: 8894:from the original on 31 August 2017 8825:from the original on 5 January 2024 8752: 8572: 8502:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 103. 8137:from the original on 11 August 2011 8131:the Canadian Museum of Civilization 8127:"First Nations Culture Areas Index" 7560: 7481:Christians in China: AD 600 to 2000 7273:from the original on 22 August 2022 7194:Translated by Nguyễn Đăng Trúc. In 6506:from the original on 6 October 2022 6258:Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu 6161:is published eight times per year. 6039:Social and development institutions 5568:was an important missionary in the 5554:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 5279:Rescue efforts during the Holocaust 5150: 5020:Jesuits have been accused of using 4919:Bp. W. Francis Malooly on Canon 915 4158:Pope Francis, the first Jesuit pope 3665:Latin American Wars of Independence 3658:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 3611:São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga 3528:In 1953, after being expelled from 3182:in territories on the banks of the 2534:The Jesuits became involved in the 2346:'s formal excommunication of Queen 1997:in the 1607 Chinese publication of 1757:model. The efforts of Jesuits like 1272:While the order is limited to men, 24: 17313:Apostolic Administration of Moscow 17208:"Mary, Queen of Apostles" Seminary 17004: 16175:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15644:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace 15269:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus 14966: 13804:The Jesuit Ratio Studiorum of 1599 13631: 13582: 13378:Jesuit Specter in Imperial Germany 13152: 12674:Maryks, Robert Aleksander (2010). 12417:. Toronto: The Canadian Messenger. 12123:from the original on 23 March 2024 12037:from the original on 9 August 2019 11185:Martin, James (21 November 2008). 10728:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 10528:Martin, James (10 November 2009). 10465:Jones, Autumn (30 December 2014). 10302:from the original on 15 April 2017 10222:. Province Express. Archived from 10220:"The changing face of the Jesuits" 9232:from the original on 23 April 2022 7860:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 7814:from the original on 26 March 2023 7563:Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon 7080:. New York: NYU Press. p. 60. 6805:Puca, Pasquale (30 January 2008). 6454:from the original on 25 April 2023 5991:Lasallian educational institutions 5890:, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US. 5597:Oráculo Manual y Arte de Prudencia 5468: 5259:Pius XII and the German Resistance 5237:. The Bavarian Jesuit Provincial, 4704:Dual loyalty § Historical examples 4573:, a slave-owning French Jesuit in 4504: 3856: 3551: 3440:as well as the histories of other 3198:and its southern tributaries, the 3113:(1576–1651) worked at the port of 3062:by 1571; it was a key area of the 2713:La Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús 2496:During the French colonisation of 1955:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 1795:run by Jesuits in Japan, 1576–1587 1658:, Secretary of State in Portugal. 25: 17430: 17336:Apostolic Administration of Odesa 15672:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament 15348:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa 13698: 13487:. Oxford University Press (2010). 13173:A History of the Society of Jesus 12927:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 12500:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 12153:from the original on 29 June 2021 12067:from the original on 17 July 2019 11247:Thavis, John (8 September 2006). 9966:. 14 October 2016. Archived from 9897: 9719:Benedict XVI (21 February 2008). 9494:from the original on 20 July 2017 9444:John Paul II (20 December 1999). 9425:from the original on 20 June 2017 9400:Pius XI, dilectissima Nobis, 1933 8241:Langlois, Ed (27 December 2012). 7679:from the original on 28 July 2020 7675:. Dictionary of Irish Biography. 7474:Charbonnier, Jean-Pierre (2007), 7128:from the original on 29 June 2021 7042:Handbook of Christianity in Japan 6582:from the original on 11 June 2017 6552:from the original on 20 June 2013 6223:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní 6097:In the United States of America, 5987:Brothers of the Christian Schools 5775:at Rose Hill, Bronx, New York, US 5056:, the latter being the author of 4912:consistently promoting permissive 4905:United States § Catholic doctrine 3257:Jesuit missions among the Guaraní 3102:ministering to African slaves at 2358:, before establishing himself at 2234:List of Jesuit schools in Ireland 17360: 17083: 16982: 16970: 16301:Fourth Council of Constantinople 16256:Second Council of Constantinople 15707: 15556:Sisters of the Cross and Passion 15535:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament 15216:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 15098:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal 14863:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion 14731: 14718: 14717: 14638:Jesuit missions in North America 14061: 13889:from the original on 2 July 2013 13745: 13733: 13401:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) 13302:Saint Francis Xavier (1506–1552) 12135: 12109: 12079: 12049: 12019: 11989: 11959: 11947:from the original on 29 May 2017 11929: 11894: 11864: 11834: 11730: 11714:. Holycross. edu. Archived from 11704: 11683: 11664: 11645: 11633:from the original on 17 May 2021 11615: 11596: 11583: 11562: 11544:"Library: The Gentile Holocaust" 11536: 11506: 11478: 11453: 11432: 11324: 11301: 11289:from the original on 4 July 2017 11271: 11240: 11216:Martin, James (29 August 2010). 11209: 11178: 11147: 11113: 11091:"Karl Rahner on 'Humanae Vitae'" 11079: 11057:"'Humanae Vitae' 25 Years Later" 11045: 11012: 10978: 10947: 10872: 10862:, Linden Press, New York, 1987, 10848: 10808: 10770: 10715: 10662: 10631: 10605: 10575: 10554: 10521: 10491: 10458: 10432: 10399: 10369: 10348:Reilly, Patrick (28 July 2016). 10341: 10314: 10286:Gray, Mark M. (9 January 2015). 10279: 10267:from the original on 16 May 2021 10238: 10218:Lapitan, Giselle (22 May 2012). 10211: 10202: 10193: 10181:from the original on 4 June 2023 10135: 10105: 10075: 10012: 9982: 9952: 9936:. 3 October 2016. Archived from 9922: 9891: 9861: 9838: 9808: 9786:"Pope Francis and the Dirty War" 9777: 9731:from the original on 14 May 2016 9712: 9678: 9644: 9610: 9580: 9549: 9525:Krickl, Tony (3 February 2007). 9518: 9468: 9437: 9403: 9394: 9358: 9328: 9315: 9285: 9260: 9244: 9193: 9151: 9121: 9091: 9066: 9057: 9027: 9014: 8973: 8946: 8937: 8906: 8876: 8846: 8837: 8784: 8746: 8708: 8663:Saeger, James Schofield (1972). 8656: 8634:"Imagining Guarinis and Jesuits" 8625: 8581: 8534: 8498:Hebblethwaite, Margaret (2010). 8445: 8408: 8222:from the original on 8 June 2019 7706:, 2016, Vol. 69 (2016), pp. 7–36 7243:from the original on 28 May 2022 7178:Centre Culturel Nguyen-Truong-To 7044:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 9–10. 6306: 6171: 5979:second highest number of schools 5945: 5927: 5911: 5895: 5879: 5856: 5840: 5828: 5816: 5804: 5792: 5780: 5765: 5753: 5738: 5723: 5707: 5682: 5658: 4992:because of his knowledge of the 4829:(heresy) § The American response 4613: 4543: 4097:greeted thousands of Jesuits on 3793:movement and the declaration of 3679:by 1767 was deeply troubling to 3452:, its temporary conquest by the 2990: 2848:Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo 2763:and Quito's most ornate church. 2747:Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio di Loyola 2661:missions to the Native Americans 2648: 2554:and the Jesuits returned to the 2481:Jesuit missions in North America 1909:in the 16th century, due to the 1502: 1432:In addition to the teachings of 1303: 703: 634: 70: 17238:Magistral Delegation of Russia 16271:Third Council of Constantinople 16195:First Council of Constantinople 15655:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres 15392:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus 15239:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales 15044:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini 14893:Institute of the Incarnate Word 14610:Pontifical Gregorian University 13625:The American Jesuits: A History 13032:. London: Secker & Warburg. 12962:from the original on 6 May 2017 12809:. University of Toronto Press. 12630:The Jesuits and the Third Reich 12602:Jesuit and Savage in New France 12585:. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 11691:The Jesuits and the Third Reich 11652:De Coster, Father Jean-Baptiste 10292:nineteensixty-four.blogspot.com 9753:Gibson, David (12 March 2014). 8864:from the original on 8 May 2021 8415:Taylor, Anne Christine (1999). 8347: 8322: 8234: 8203: 8185: 8119: 7984: 7975: 7966: 7953: 7944: 7935: 7926: 7917: 7904: 7891: 7878: 7865: 7852: 7839: 7826: 7800: 7762: 7724: 7663: 7624: 7592: 7554: 7527: 7498: 7423: 7384: 7285: 7255: 7225: 7180:(in Vietnamese). Archived from 7165: 7140: 7110: 7084: 7033: 6917: 6892: 6685: 6620: 6594: 6564: 6428:from the original on 3 May 2022 6047: 5960: 5888:St. Joseph's Preparatory School 4123:Pontifical Gregorian University 4018:Pontifical Gregorian University 3280:La Santisima Trinidad de Parana 3120:De instauranda Aethiopum salute 3001:needs additional citations for 2663:in the early 17th century, its 2552:Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye 2168:Chinese veneration of ancestors 1905:Whereas Jesuits were active in 1807:. This included: Japanese (see 1314:needs additional citations for 17340:Apostolic Vicariate of Siberia 16510:Dissolution of the monasteries 15776:History of the Catholic Church 15315:Adorers of the Blood of Christ 15292:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 13838: 13617:(1994), covers 1900 to 1960s; 12751:Pascal: Adversary and Advocate 12628:Lapomarda, Vincent A. (2005). 12381:Curran, Robert Emmett (1993). 11941:onlineministries.creighton.edu 10819:Histoire du Parlement de Paris 10786:Histoire du Parlement de Paris 9845:Bole, William (5 March 2018). 9366:"Chronology of Jesuit History" 8518:The Guarani and their Missions 7575:, New York: Encyclopedia Press 7040:Mullins, Mark R., ed. (2003). 6845:Principe, Lawrence M. (2011). 6572:"The Jesuits: 'God's marines'" 6530: 6492: 6466: 6440: 6403: 6383: 6321:desires, any Jewish or Muslim 6286: 5953:Sacred Heart Church, Wimbledon 5590:). His writings, particularly 5257:acted as intermediary between 5000:, his family, and most of the 4861:Christian anarchism § Catholic 4764:Disputationes de Controversiis 3946:military on the campus of the 3769:Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum 3575:Jesuit in 18th century, Brazil 3428:chronicled the history of the 3348: 2709:Church of the Society of Jesus 2636:Legislative Assembly of Quebec 2528:Jesuit Relations of New France 2195:and superstition in 1704; his 2166:and many Jesuit converts that 1818:Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam 1478:Jesuit priests often acted as 1279: 1226:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1089:, had rendered any journey to 13: 1: 17404:1540 establishments in Europe 16384:Fourth Council of the Lateran 16359:Second Council of the Lateran 15968:Apostles in the New Testament 15407:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters 15015:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy 14780:Catholic religious institutes 14659:Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm 14624:Pontifical Oriental Institute 14617:Pontifical Biblical Institute 14019:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae 13571:(2014) 75#4 pp. 729–745. 13544:Institute of European History 13533:EGO – European History Online 13464:. p. 637. Archived from 12655:Mahoney, Kathleen A. (2003). 11337:Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire 9556:Lehigh, Scot (19 June 2002). 9293:"Dominus ac Redemptor Noster" 8429:10.1017/CHOL9780521630764.005 7631:Morrissey, Thomas J. (2004). 6336: 5997:and other prominent Jesuits. 5329: 4780:Episcopal Conference document 4699:Sovereign immunity § Holy See 4666:Catholic Church and the State 4517:The traditional Jesuit-style 4340: 3948:University of Central America 3597:The first Jesuits, guided by 3444:. Meanwhile, another Jesuit, 2818:Museo Nacional del Virreinato 2402:Anglican Archbishop of Dublin 2038: 1921:was opened in Rome (1579), a 1669:"). Two Jesuit missionaries, 1174: 1104:Regimini militantis ecclesiae 1083:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1006:. They called themselves the 883: 16498:Catholic Counter-Reformation 16364:Third Council of the Lateran 16354:First Council of the Lateran 15810:Catholic ecumenical councils 15566:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 15523:Religious of the Virgin Mary 15494:Order of Our Lady of Charity 15478:Oblate Sisters of Providence 15375:Faithful Companions of Jesus 15156:Society of Mary (Marianists) 14971:Coat of arms of Vatican City 14249:Roque González de Santa Cruz 13724:Resources in other libraries 13649: 13641:Donnelly, John Patrick, ed. 13553:, retrieved: 25 March 2021 ( 12413:The Jesuit Martyrs of Canada 12334:Carpenter, Roger M. (2004). 12306:Campbell, Thomas J. (1921). 11712:"Hiatt Holocaust Collection" 9020:Garcia, Ricardo P. (1964). " 8717:The Oxford History of Mexico 8516:Sarreal, Julia J.S. (2014). 8466:10.5771/0257-9774-2008-2-507 8328:Carlos María de Bustamante, 7794:UK public library membership 7756:UK public library membership 7657:UK public library membership 6341: 6228:Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos 6142:and the related publication 5632:traditions of spirituality. 5532:wrote a major work on early 4485:27 colleges and universities 4264: 4063:Woodstock Theological Center 3984:president and Jesuit priest 3832:, Paragraph 2, known as the 3816:modifying the constitution. 3479:alongside the Jesuit priest 2757:Spanish Baroque architecture 2655:Jesuits in the United States 2288:This early Limerick school, 2131:works popularized the name " 1369:throughout Catholic Europe. 1085:, Venice, the Pope, and the 938:origin, all students at the 298:For the Greater Glory of God 7: 17234:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 15629:Sisters of the Sacred Heart 15483:Oblates of Jesus the Priest 15432:Living the Gospel Community 13960: 13394:(2014) 1#1, pp. 47–65. 12755:. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 10321:Raper, Mark (23 May 2012). 9419:The New York Times Magazine 9073:Daniel Ligou, ed. (2000) . 8099:Delaney & Nicholls 1989 8072:Delaney & Nicholls 1989 8048:Delaney & Nicholls 1989 6924:Ignatius of Loyola (1970). 6851:. Oxford University Press. 6578:. New York. 23 March 2013. 6164: 5868:University of San Francisco 5748:, "The Palace of Education" 5163:persecution in Nazi Germany 4914:abortion or euthanasia laws 4757:Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560 4533:(cape) completed the look. 4293:The society is headed by a 4079:in 2014 and again in 2016. 3652:Suppression and restoration 3250: 3058:The Jesuits arrived in the 3054:(1590) text on the Americas 2976:Antonio López de Santa Anna 2939:missions in Baja California 2333:In the spirit of Ignatius' 2238:The first Jesuit school in 1809: 934:, and six others mostly of 10: 17435: 15844:History of the Roman Curia 15427:Little Sisters of the Poor 15332:Basilian Chouerite Sisters 15286:Servants of Jesus and Mary 15233:Oblates of the Virgin Mary 15227:Oblates of Mary Immaculate 15198:Missionaries of La Salette 15168:Society of the Divine Word 15150:Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 15038:Christian Brothers (Irish) 14695:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre 14562:List of Jesuit theologians 14527:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 13918:Journal of Jesuit Studies. 13863:"The Jesuit Curia in Rome" 13518:Schmiedl, Joachim (2011). 13157: 13056:Vacalebre, Natale (2016). 12975:Sacks, Richard S. (1990). 12843:Painter, F. V. N. (1903). 12774:O'Malley, John W. (1993). 12747:Nelson, Robert J. (1981). 12609:Konrad, Herman W. (1980). 12169: 10854:see Malachi Martin (1987) 10355:National Catholic Register 10260:(1/2). p. 104, table A-7. 10177:. Jesuits. 23 March 2022. 9759:National Catholic Reporter 9342:(in French). 20 May 1973. 9099:"Ateneo de Iloilo Website" 8913:Mission, Jesuit Bukidnon. 6422:Cambridge University Press 6365:www.catholic-hierarchy.org 6213:Jesuit conspiracy theories 6026:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 5995:named after Francis Xavier 5969: 5716:Saint-Pierre de Montmartre 5649: 5646:Gallery of Jesuit churches 5546:Francisco Javier Clavijero 5513:, founders of the city of 5481:List of Jesuit theologians 5478: 5472: 5333: 5282: 5161:The Catholic Church faced 5154: 4594:infamously sold 272 slaves 4548: 4445:National Catholic Register 4268: 4228: 4068:National Catholic Reporter 3655: 3621:by managing to pacify the 3584:Governor General of Brazil 3418:Universidad de San Ignacio 3254: 3155:Viceroyalty of New Granada 3090:Indigenous peoples of Peru 3084:(Mexico). Viceroy of Peru 2955:Carlos María de Bustamante 2943:Francisco Javier Clavijero 2702: 2652: 2607:After the collapse of the 2478: 2231: 2227: 1979: 1900: 1628:Portuguese royal patronage 1235:Ignatius wrote the Jesuit 952:Saint Pierre de Montmartre 878: 29: 17355: 17282: 17275:(Apostolic Administrator) 17251: 17232: 17185: 17167: 17124: 17108: 17092: 17081: 17052: 17046:Catholic Church in Russia 17012: 16965: 16865: 16731: 16658: 16593: 16580:European wars of religion 16477: 16412: 16314: 16236: 16127: 16050: 15910: 15899: 15891:Eastern Catholic Churches 15766: 15692: 15666:Sisters of Social Service 15577:Sisters of the Holy Cross 15327:Basilian Aleppian Sisters 15307: 15162:Society of Mary (Marists) 14978: 14964: 14786: 14711: 14668: 14571: 14481: 14461: 14070: 14059: 13968: 13767:Catholic Church documents 13719:Resources in your library 13527:24 September 2021 at the 13455:Parkman, Francis (1867). 13444:(2004), pp. 223–236. 13392:Journal of Jesuit Studies 13271:The Origin of the Jesuits 12984:Paraguay: A Country Study 12938:Reites, James W. (1981). 12824:Padberg, John W. (1994). 12693:Mecham, J. Lloyd (1966). 12184:edited by Carl Masthay". 11021:"Words and Contraception" 10688:10.1163/22141332-0801P001 10675:Journal of Jesuit Studies 10671:"The Jesuits and Slavery" 10644:Journal of Jesuit Studies 9869:"General Congregation 36" 9340:Chancellerie fédérale ChF 9043:. Abc-Clio. p. 477. 8915:"Jesuit Bukidnon Mission" 8809:10.1163/22141332-09020003 8797:Journal of Jesuit Studies 8715:Guedea, Virginia (2000). 8682:10.1215/00182168-52.2.215 8632:Wilde, Guillermo (2015). 8332:. 4 vols. Mexico 1836–38. 8216:The Canadian Encyclopedia 7508:Stochastikon Encyclopedia 7310:10.1163/26669323-02601003 6653:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6633:Michael Servetus Research 6396:Dictionary.com Unabridged 6273:Thomas Weld (of Lulworth) 5872:San Francisco, California 5773:Fordham University Church 5702:, interior with gold leaf 5485:List of Jesuit scientists 5336:List of Jesuit scientists 4749:To the Christian Nobility 4289:Governance of the society 3481:Diego Luis de San Vitores 2806:Juan María de Salvatierra 2795: 2715:), known colloquially as 2634:, later succeeded by the 2474: 2160:Chinese Rites controversy 379: 367: 357: 347: 319: 303: 281: 271: 261: 224: 204: 188: 165: 117: 99: 91: 83: 69: 56: 16711:Mary of the Divine Heart 16334:Clash against the empire 16286:Second Council of Nicaea 16180:Old St. Peter's Basilica 15634:Sisters of Saint Francis 15561:Sisters of the Destitute 15443:Marianites of Holy Cross 15438:Lovers of the Holy Cross 15360:Daughters of Divine Love 15210:Missionaries of the Poor 15139:Little Brothers of Jesus 15050:Immaculate Heart of Mary 14940:Society of the Atonement 14452:Alfonso Rodríguez Olmedo 13923:4 September 2021 at the 13549:19 February 2016 at the 12893:. Discovery Enterprises. 12854:The Tragedy of Old Huron 12803:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander 12263:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander 12241:Bailey, Gauvin Alexander 11156:"Catholic Women Deacons" 11125:"Pope, Condoms and AIDS" 10053:"Father General's House" 9218:10.1177/0021934718778718 9206:Journal of Black Studies 8592:The Age of Reason Begins 8541:Ganson, Barbara (2003). 8353:Diego Luis de Motezuma, 7292:Elman, Benjamin (2007). 7172:Jacques, Roland (2004). 7147:Jacques, Roland (2002). 7076:Dussel, Enrique (1981). 6946:Carried and directed by 6542:Weekend Edition Saturday 6279: 5966:Educational institutions 5746:Colegio de Belén, Havana 5489:Notable Jesuits include 5157:Jesuits and Nazi Germany 4898:Catholic social teaching 4793:Historical controversies 4676:Politics of Vatican City 4448:, there seems to be no " 3991:Catholic sex abuse cases 3133:was the first Jesuit of 3074:(1540–1600), whose book 2982:Northern Spanish America 2852:Colegio de San Ildefonso 2846:("colleges"), including 2721:, is a Jesuit church in 2314:and the priority of the 2154:Upon the arrival of the 2055:, where they settled on 1982:Jesuit missions in China 1975: 1911:persecution of Catholics 1667:Catholic Church in Tibet 1652:expulsion of the Jesuits 1361:(1545–1563) and ensuing 1079:Italian War of 1536–1538 125:Saint Ignatius of Loyola 57: 42:. For the sandwich, see 16977:Vatican City portal 16329:Investiture Controversy 16185:First Council of Nicaea 15639:Sisters of Saint Joseph 15422:Little Sisters of Jesus 15174:Society of Saint Edmund 14905:Missionaries of Charity 14193:Claude de la Colombière 13831:2 December 2010 at the 13790:21 October 2012 at the 13560:17 January 2022 at the 13538:8 February 2013 at the 13426:McCoog, Thomas M., ed. 13411:Lapomarda, Vincent A., 13370:23 January 2022 at the 13331:Comerford, Kathleen M. 13257:Brockey, Liam Matthew. 13226:Worcester, Thomas. ed. 13037:Udías, Agustín (2003). 12921:Pollen, John Hungerford 12852:Paquin, Julien (1932). 12600:Kennedy, J. H. (1950). 12451:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley 11676:8 December 2015 at the 11608:4 December 2022 at the 11603:Braun Roger (1910–1981) 10564:. I.B. Tauris. p. 178. 9934:General Congregation 36 8919:Jesuit Bukidnon Mission 7600:"From Limerick City.ie" 6317:as preventing, despite 5866:, parish church of the 5566:Antonio Ruiz de Montoya 5306:(1900–1972) of France, 5187:Wlodzimierz Ledóchowski 5016:Casuistic justification 4910:Canon 915 § Politicians 4856:Letitia Dunbar-Harrison 4808:Investiture Controversy 4728:Donation of Constantine 4688:Sovereignty and loyalty 4565:, working thousands of 3906:Under Superior General 3519:Philippine-American War 3231:Between 1637 and 1715, 3086:Don Francisco de Toledo 2776:is the most prominent. 2624:captured by the British 1872:, vicar general of the 1759:Antonio Ruiz de Montoya 1632:St. Paul Jesuit College 1149:Johann Christoph Handke 1120:of Julius III in 1550. 447:Congregatio de Auxiliis 246:41.901361°N 12.460611°E 105:; 484 years ago 17367:Catholicism portal 17303:Diocese of Vladivostok 17293:Archdiocese of Mohilev 17065:Diocese of Novosibirsk 16989:Catholicism portal 16800:Second Vatican Council 16686:Our Lady of La Salette 16493:Protestant Reformation 16480:Protestant Reformation 16399:Second Council of Lyon 15788:Ecclesiastical history 15714:Catholicism portal 15529:Servants of St. Joseph 15092:Discalced Augustinians 15074:Conventual Franciscans 14972: 14809:Augustinian Recollects 14738:Catholicism portal 14001:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam 13977:Protestant Reformation 13778:22 August 2013 at the 13595:Garraghan, Gilbert J. 13447:O'Malley, John W. ed. 13397:Kaiser, Robert Blair. 13338:Dalmases, Cándido de. 13188:Chapple, Christopher. 13175:(2nd ed. 1958) 552 pp. 13167: 12845:A History of Education 12555:Hough, Susan Elizabeth 12496:Gerard, John (1911). " 12409:Devine, E. J. (1925). 11967:"La Civiltà Cattolica" 11689:Vincent A. Lapomarda, 11317:(in French). pp. 10956:"Abortion Absolutists" 10669:Rothman, Adam (2021). 10560:Edwards, Nina (2011). 8833:– via brill.com. 8753:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 7786:10.1093/ref:odnb/69033 7748:10.1093/ref:odnb/10946 7649:10.1093/ref:odnb/29832 7561:Ott, Michael (1913), " 7403:Leuven Chinese Studies 6297: 6233:Jesuit Refugee Service 6188:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam 6136: 6076: 6002:Second Vatican Council 5691:Iglesia de La Compañía 5372: 5312:Jean-Baptiste Janssens 5308:Jean-Baptist De Coster 5214: 5148: 5030: 4297:with the formal title 4215: 4211: 4159: 4152: 4111: 4055:Santa Clara University 4020: 3886: 3882:Second Vatican Council 3826:Constitution of Norway 3767: 3715: 3709: 3692: 3576: 3568: 3523:Treaty of Paris (1898) 3475:, who was martyred in 3421: 3367:Augustinian Recollects 3283: 3228: 3171: 3119: 3106: 3076: 3055: 3050: 2967: 2902: 2867: 2842: 2832: 2820: 2809: 2768: 2751: 2741:Jesuit churches – the 2717: 2712: 2493: 2449:Protestant Reformation 2428:At the Restoration of 2218: 2185: 2085: 2044: 2030: 2007: 1817: 1796: 1721: 1661:The Portuguese Jesuit 1604: 1566: 1494:Expansion of the order 1438: 1367:Protestant Reformation 1296: 1289: 1258:work, and following a 1243:Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam 1241: 1180: 1163: 1156: 1114: 1102: 1065:They were ordained in 1027: 1021: 1014: 1008: 895: 853:Second Vatican Council 823: 767: 686: 641:Catholicism portal 498:Ad maiorem Dei gloriam 293:Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam 291: 103:27 September 1540 62: 38:. For the pastry, see 17222:Catholic Preseminary 17060:Archdiocese of Moscow 16696:First Vatican Council 16394:First Council of Lyon 16158:Constantine the Great 15854:Christian monasticism 15572:Sisters of Holy Cross 15275:Sacred Heart Brothers 15245:Order of Friars Minor 15133:Legionaries of Christ 14970: 14631:Jesuit China missions 13911:28 April 2016 at the 13850:22 March 2018 at the 13588:Cushner, Nicholas P. 13511:Santich, Jan Joseph. 13324:Bygott, Ursula M. L. 13321:(Cambridge UP, 2015). 13202:Molina, J. Michelle. 13165: 12930:Catholic Encyclopedia 12861:Parker, John (1978). 12535:Höpfl, Harro (2004). 12503:Catholic Encyclopedia 12372:Coyle, Henry (1908). 12027:"About America Media" 11475:, pp. 1025–1026. 11253:Catholic News Service 11089:(28 September 1968). 11053:McCormick, Richard A. 10638:Dial, Andrew (2021). 10503:StAloysius.NSW.edu.au 9321:Hasler, A.B., (1981) 8953:Carlomagno Bacaltos. 8888:The Kahimyang Project 7719:Catholic Encyclopedia 7568:Catholic Encyclopedia 6546:National Public Radio 6327:no matter how distant 6193:Apostleship of Prayer 6055: 5983:tertiary institutions 5619:Gerard Manley Hopkins 5451:Jesuit China missions 5412:reflecting telescopes 5365:Paul Siu (Xu Guangqi) 5343: 5324:Kansas City, Missouri 5283:Further information: 5253:. The German Jesuit 5247:"Frau Solf Tea Party" 5204: 5144: 5130:Religious persecution 5114:, homosexuality, and 5026:formulary controversy 4990:misprision of treason 4664:Relations between the 4657:Two kingdoms doctrine 4635:Catholic Encyclopedia 4590:Georgetown University 4299:Praepositus Generalis 4231:Ignatian spirituality 4225:Ignatian spirituality 4192: 4157: 4138: 4117:, on devotion to the 4084:Peter Hans Kolvenbach 4075:appointed him to the 4057:before being named a 4011: 3743:Stanisław Czerniewicz 3700: 3574: 3559: 3500:Philippine Revolution 3407: 3277: 3220: 3098: 3047: 2826: 2815: 2803: 2488: 2328:Johannes Despauterius 2283:Archdiocese of Armagh 2208:summary and automatic 2080: 2076:scientific revolution 2068:Jesuit China missions 2036: 2013: 1989: 1835:trilingual dictionary 1791:made in Portugal for 1787: 1707: 1600: 1560: 1454:vernacular literature 1287: 1168: 1158: 1146: 891: 813:, and it is led by a 693:), also known as the 17193:St. Thomas Institute 17132:Episcopal Conference 16873:Sexual abuse scandal 16782:Mit brennender Sorge 16625:Age of Enlightenment 16404:Bernard of Clairvaux 16281:Byzantine Iconoclasm 16220:Council of Chalcedon 16000:Council of Jerusalem 15869:Role in civilization 15849:Religious institutes 15781:By country or region 15086:De La Salle Brothers 14875:Discalced Carmelites 14685:Madonna Della Strada 14596:General Congregation 14588:La Civiltà Cattolica 14541:John Courtney Murray 13819:30 June 2017 at the 13742:at Wikimedia Commons 13623:Schroth, Raymond A. 13171:Bangert, William V. 12977:"Historical Setting" 12889:Perrin, Pat (1970). 12198:10.1093/ijl/17.3.325 12178:Adelaar, Willem F.H. 11971:La Civiltà Cattolica 11546:. Catholic Culture. 11228:on 20 September 2011 10860:Simon & Schuster 10442:. 7 September 2018. 10026:. 19 February 2019. 9568:on 26 September 2018 8759:. ABC-CLIO. p. 7704:Archivium Hibernicum 7377:, pp. 194–195; 6772:26 July 2022 at the 6416:Cambridge Dictionary 6238:List of Jesuit sites 6125:Australian Catholics 6085:La Civiltà Cattolica 5981:which they run: 168 5652:List of Jesuit sites 5528:In Spanish America, 5503:Doctor of the Church 5320:Rockhurst University 5032:Lettres Provinciales 5006:Houses of Parliament 4891:Laudato si' § Impact 4751:of the German Nation 4694:Papal deposing power 4671:Catholic integralism 4659:in Roman Catholicism 4563:Atlantic slave trade 4471:work, human rights, 4130:General Congregation 4082:On 2 February 2006, 3878:John Courtney Murray 3850:Chair of Saint Peter 3710:Dominus ac Redemptor 3694:Dominus ac Redemptor 3454:Sultanate of Ternate 3430:Kedatuan of Madja-as 3410:Dominus ac Redemptor 3339:Charles III of Spain 3010:improve this article 2872:17th-century Bishop 2827:Mexican-born Jesuit 2453:Cromwellian invasion 2277:At his instigation, 1894:The Jesuit Relations 1779:religious conversion 1640:Alessandro Valignano 1638:, China. Founded by 1565:, painting from 1779 1515:confusing or unclear 1482:to kings during the 1422:Renaissance humanism 1323:improve this article 873:suppressed the order 807:Madonna della Strada 469:General Congregation 363:La Civiltà Cattolica 338:Madonna della Strada 251:41.901361; 12.460611 34:. For the band, see 17409:Counter-Reformation 17298:Diocese of Tiraspol 17093:Exempt jurisdiction 16701:Papal infallibility 16691:Our Lady of Lourdes 16640:Shimabara Rebellion 16484:Counter-Reformation 14928:Servants of Charity 14821:Basilian Chouerites 14410:Alphonsus Rodriguez 14347:Lèon-Ignance Mangin 14298:Francis de Geronimo 14270:Melchior Grodziecki 13984:Counter-Reformation 13569:Theological Studies 13363:1.1 (2019): 1–118. 13245:Specialized studies 13213:18 May 2018 at the 12481:. London: Phoenix. 12180:(2004). "Review of 11882:on 14 February 2021 11750:on 27 December 2017 11657:31 May 2020 at the 11572:; Doubleday; 2002; 11503:, pp. 648–649. 11429:, pp. 266–267. 11393:, pp. 140–141. 11283:www.romereports.com 11129:The Washington Post 10329:on 26 February 2014 9904:www.thetablet.co.uk 9688:(3 November 2006). 9482:. 9 November 1981. 9413:(21 October 1984). 9297:www.reformation.org 9165:. 12 October 2022. 9135:. 12 October 2022. 9133:The Philippine Star 8705:, pp. 107–111. 8405:, pp. 167–169. 8369:, pp. 358–359. 7910:John Canon Begley, 7612:on 20 February 2023 7391:Rule, Paul (2003), 6903:SEXTA PARS – CAP. 1 6697:www.reformation.org 6602:"About Our Jesuits" 6500:"The General Curia" 6263:Igreja de São Roque 6058:Sanctuary of Loyola 6033:Eloquentia Perfecta 6010:Baltimore Catechism 5864:St. Ignatius Church 5363:(1623–88); Bottom: 5120:Luis Ladaria Ferrer 5116:liberation theology 5094:Theological debates 5078:faction led to the 4979:Collège de Clermont 4841:20th century topics 4799:Constantinian shift 4450:Pope Francis effect 4347: 4250:Spiritual Exercises 4043:religious pluralism 3940:Ignacio Martín-Baró 3897:liberation theology 3873:Spiritual Exercises 3795:papal infallibility 3727:Catherine the Great 3450:Kedatuan of Dapitan 3188:Pongo de Manseriche 3151:Viceroyalty of Peru 3115:Cartagena de Indias 3060:Viceroyalty of Peru 2874:Don Juan de Palafox 2829:Francisco Clavijero 2676:provincial superior 2669:Counter Reformation 2502:Samuel de Champlain 2242:was established at 2027:Christian Herdtrich 2023:Prospero Intorcetta 1883:valley, compiled a 1831:Alexandre de Rhodes 1827:Vietnamese alphabet 1716:was, together with 1523:clarify the section 1484:early modern period 1382:Spiritual Exercises 1363:Counter-Reformation 1173:'s court in India, 940:University of Paris 916:Spiritual Exercises 849:Counter-Reformation 811:Blessed Virgin Mary 796:ecumenical dialogue 625:Jesuit philosophers 600:Frederick Copleston 585:Pierre-Jean De Smet 491:Spiritual Exercises 440:Regimini militantis 369:Parent organization 334:Blessed Virgin Mary 242: / 53: 17399:Ignatius of Loyola 17177:Giovanni d'Aniello 17075:Diocese of Irkutsk 17070:Diocese of Saratov 17053:Province of Moscow 16746:Our Lady of Fátima 16535:Ignatius of Loyola 16459:Catherine of Siena 16427:Pope Boniface VIII 16246:Benedict of Nursia 16215:Council of Ephesus 16052:Ante-Nicene period 16005:Split with Judaism 15839:Crusading movement 15540:Sisters of Charity 15121:Holy Ghost Fathers 14992:Albertine Brothers 14973: 14922:Premonstratensians 14815:Basilian Aleppians 14677:Church of the Gesù 14403:John Francis Regis 14396:Bernardino Realino 14291:Ignatius of Loyola 13858:, 18 January 2007) 13760:Catholicism portal 13613:McDonough, Peter. 13421:Edwin Mellen Press 13417:Lewiston, New York 13404:Klaiber, Jeffrey. 13352:Edwards, Francis. 13233:Wright, Jonathan. 13219:O'Malley, John W. 13197:Jesuits: A History 13178:Barthel, Manfred. 13168: 13026:Shirer, William L. 12726:Mungello, David E. 12638:Edwin Mellen Press 12634:Lewiston, New York 12512:Gonzalez, Justo L. 12219:Numbers, Ronald L. 12215:Lindberg, David C. 11699:Edwin Mellen Press 11695:Lewiston, New York 11381:, p. 356–357. 10899:on 26 October 2014 10792:on 5 February 2012 9879:on 31 October 2017 9537:on 5 February 2007 9513:Müller et al. 2000 8961:on 21 October 2014 7515:on 7 February 2020 7184:on 26 October 2017 6315:"Decree de genere" 6179:Catholicism portal 6077: 6074:Ignatius of Loyola 5667:Church of the Gesù 5548:was expelled from 5373: 5361:Ferdinand Verbiest 5251:Friedrich Erxleben 5215: 5008:. Another Jesuit, 4965:Political intrigue 4771:Dignitatis humanae 4592:, from which were 4463:of the Jesuits is 4345: 4328:Jesuit Conferences 4160: 4021: 4016:to the Jesuit-run 3975:Fordham University 3971:John Foster Dulles 3888:Dignitatis humanae 3820:Early 20th century 3775:Tadeusz Brzozowski 3747:Gabriel Lenkiewicz 3735:Kingdom of Prussia 3619:France Antarctique 3577: 3569: 3515:French Revolutions 3422: 3284: 3229: 3163:Cristóbal de Acuña 3111:Alonso de Sandoval 3107: 3056: 2833: 2821: 2810: 2790:Neoclassical style 2494: 2422:Giovanni Rinuccini 2145:Confucian morality 2072:its own revolution 2061:St. Paul's College 2045: 2031: 2008: 1854:indigenous peoples 1847:Jean François Pons 1797: 1722: 1663:António de Andrade 1605: 1567: 1390:spiritual director 1297: 1181: 1157: 1044:Augustine of Hippo 1015:Amigos en El Señor 913:. He composed the 911:Battle of Pamplona 905:nobleman from the 899:Ignatius of Loyola 896: 893:Ignatius of Loyola 845:perinde ac cadaver 829:Church of the Gesù 788:Ignatius of Loyola 620:Jesuit theologians 540:Ignatius of Loyola 142:Nicholas Bobadilla 51: 44:Jesuita (sandwich) 17381: 17380: 17375: 17374: 16997: 16996: 16957:COVID-19 pandemic 16935:Pope Benedict XVI 16840:Pope John Paul II 16615:Pope Benedict XIV 16601:French Revolution 16585:Thirty Years' War 16575:Robert Bellarmine 16560:John of the Cross 16464:Pope Alexander VI 16449:Council of Vienne 16379:Francis of Assisi 16369:Pope Innocent III 16238:Early Middle Ages 16232: 16231: 16228: 16227: 16170:Arian controversy 16123: 16122: 16071:Apostolic Fathers 15722: 15721: 15449:Maryknoll Sisters 15386:Filippini Sisters 15298:Xaverian Brothers 14957:Trinitarian Order 14746: 14745: 14702:Claudio Acquaviva 14382:Joseph Pignatelli 14319:Stanislaus Kostka 14256:John Soan de Goto 14172:Juan del Castillo 14102:Robert Bellarmine 14095:Edmund Arrowsmith 13738:Media related to 13705:Library resources 13665:978-3-402-12964-7 13433:Martin, A. Lynn. 13345:Caraman, Philip. 13195:Mitchell, David. 13143:978-0-385-50080-7 13117:978-1-59698-328-1 13086:978-1-4773-0683-3 13048:978-1-4020-1189-4 13017:978-0-87220-929-9 12912:978-1-57607-940-9 12874:978-0-89073-050-8 12835:978-1-880810-06-4 12816:978-0-8020-3861-6 12789:978-06-7430-313-3 12778:The First Jesuits 12739:978-3-8050-0348-3 12717:978-1-56072-679-1 12702:Müller, Andreas; 12685:978-90-04-17981-3 12666:978-0-8018-7340-9 12647:978-0-7734-6265-6 12620:978-0-8047-1050-3 12592:978-1-62779-157-1 12570:978-0-691-12807-8 12546:978-0-521-83779-8 12488:978-0-7538-1401-7 12464:978-0-521-12433-1 12442:978-0-671-01320-2 12392:978-0-87840-485-8 12364:978-1-884964-31-2 12345:978-0-87013-728-0 12298:978-0-521-39130-6 12232:978-0-520-05538-4 12087:"Revista Manresa" 12001:www.theway.org.uk 11623:"Chaillet Pierre" 11518:Zenit News Agency 11417:, p. 33, appx. A. 11259:on 5 October 2009 11197:on 11 August 2011 11123:(31 March 2009). 10944:, p. xxviii. 10152:on 1 October 2019 10123:on 1 October 2019 9996:. 28 March 2019. 9620:(22 April 2006). 9531:Claremont Courier 9373:Jesuits in Europe 9035:Spencer C. Tucker 8858:www.zamboanga.com 8770:978-1-57607-770-2 8248:Catholic Sentinel 7792:(Subscription or 7754:(Subscription or 7655:(Subscription or 6948:Divine Providence 6899:Jesuitas (1583). 6866:978-0-19-956741-6 6703:on 2 January 2018 6480:on 3 January 2009 6248:Misiones Province 5935:Jakarta Cathedral 5570:Jesuit reductions 5511:Manuel da Nóbrega 5499:Robert Bellarmine 5326:, United States. 5219:German Resistance 4962: 4961: 4630:Claudio Acquaviva 4571:Antoine Lavalette 4435: 4434: 4217:Evangelii gaudium 4095:Pope Benedict XVI 4088:Pope Benedict XVI 4014:Pope Benedict XVI 3932:Ignacio Ellacuría 3901:Pope John Paul II 3681:Pope Clement XIII 3642:Jesuit reductions 3599:Manuel da Nóbrega 3590:, who instructed 3561:Manuel da Nóbrega 3544:with its various 3408:The papal brief, 3268:San Ignacio Guazú 3042: 3041: 3034: 2865:To support their 2569:near present-day 2459:, and subsequent 2375:James Fitzmaurice 2248:apostolic visitor 2127:to Europe. Their 2113:Chinese knowledge 1939:Oxford University 1881:Mississippi River 1763:Manuel da Nóbrega 1718:Manuel da Nóbrega 1683:Ippolito Desideri 1656:Marquis of Pombal 1555: 1554: 1547: 1418:liberal education 1355: 1354: 1347: 1186:classical studies 1040:Domingo de Guzmán 1036:Francis of Assisi 1009:Compañía de Jesús 976:Nicolás Bobadilla 824:Collegio del Gesù 809:, a title of the 675: 674: 570:Robert Bellarmine 395: 394: 336:(under the title 18:Jesuit missionary 16:(Redirected from 17426: 17394:Society of Jesus 17365: 17364: 17348: 17333: 17321: 17263:(Byzantine Rite) 17239: 17225: 17219: 17218:(St. Petersburg) 17216: 17204: 17201: 17169:Apostolic Nuncio 17087: 17039: 17032: 17025: 17016: 17015: 17001: 17000: 16987: 16986: 16975: 16974: 16973: 16952:Patriarch Kirill 16825:Pope John Paul I 16630:Anti-clericalism 16610:Pope Innocent XI 16530:Society of Jesus 16515:Council of Trent 16469:Age of Discovery 16414:Late Middle Ages 16316:High Middle Ages 16306:East–West Schism 16190:Pope Sylvester I 16136: 16135: 16125: 16124: 16035:General epistles 16030:Pauline epistles 15963:John the Baptist 15946:Great Commission 15908: 15907: 15859:Catholic culture 15749: 15742: 15735: 15726: 15725: 15712: 15711: 15618:Sisters of Mercy 15321:Apostolic Carmel 14773: 14766: 14759: 14750: 14749: 14736: 14735: 14727: 14721: 14720: 14704: 14697: 14688: 14679: 14661: 14654: 14647: 14640: 14633: 14626: 14619: 14612: 14605: 14598: 14591: 14582: 14564: 14557: 14555:Alonso Rodriguez 14550: 14543: 14536: 14529: 14522: 14515: 14508: 14506:Francisco Suárez 14501: 14494: 14474: 14454: 14447: 14440: 14433: 14431:André de Soveral 14426: 14424:Robert Southwell 14419: 14417:José María Rubio 14412: 14405: 14398: 14391: 14389:Stephen Pongracz 14384: 14377: 14370: 14363: 14356: 14349: 14342: 14335: 14333:Gabriel Lalemant 14328: 14321: 14314: 14307: 14300: 14293: 14286: 14279: 14272: 14265: 14258: 14251: 14244: 14242:Aloysius Gonzaga 14237: 14230: 14223: 14216: 14209: 14202: 14195: 14188: 14181: 14174: 14167: 14160: 14153: 14146: 14144:Alexander Briant 14139: 14132: 14125: 14118: 14116:Jacques Berthieu 14111: 14104: 14097: 14090: 14088:Modeste Andlauer 14083: 14081:José de Anchieta 14065: 14054: 14047: 14040: 14031: 14028:Exposcit debitum 14022: 14013: 14004: 13995: 13986: 13979: 13955: 13948: 13941: 13932: 13931: 13898: 13896: 13894: 13878: 13876: 13874: 13798:Jesuit documents 13752:Society of Jesus 13749: 13740:Society of Jesus 13737: 13504:Ross, Andrew C. 13490:Roberts, Ian D. 13483:Pomplun, Trent. 13480: 13478: 13476: 13470: 13463: 13333:Jesuit Libraries 13285: 13147: 13135: 13126:Wright, Jonathan 13121: 13104:Woods, Thomas E. 13099: 13090: 13071: 13067:978-8822-26480-0 13052: 13033: 13021: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12992: 12981: 12971: 12969: 12967: 12934: 12925:Society of Jesus 12916: 12894: 12885: 12883: 12881: 12857: 12848: 12839: 12820: 12800: 12793: 12781: 12770: 12764: 12756: 12754: 12743: 12721: 12698: 12689: 12670: 12651: 12632:(2nd ed.). 12624: 12605: 12596: 12579:Ivereigh, Austen 12574: 12550: 12531: 12519: 12507: 12492: 12468: 12446: 12418: 12416: 12405: 12396: 12377: 12368: 12349: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12302: 12280: 12258: 12236: 12209: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12158: 12139: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12128: 12113: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12083: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12061:www.ignatius.com 12053: 12047: 12046: 12044: 12042: 12031:America Magazine 12023: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12012: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11898: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11878:. 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Archived from 10579: 10573: 10558: 10552: 10551: 10549: 10547: 10535:America Magazine 10525: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10514: 10509:on 15 March 2018 10505:. Archived from 10495: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10436: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10413:America Magazine 10403: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10373: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10362: 10345: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10283: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10266: 10251: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10226:on 28 March 2016 10215: 10209: 10206: 10200: 10197: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10171: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10157: 10148:. Archived from 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10119:. Archived from 10109: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10098: 10089:. Archived from 10083:"USA Assistancy" 10079: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10059:. 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Archived from 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6652: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6608:on 11 April 2013 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6548:. 5 March 2010. 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6387: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6357: 6330: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6290: 6181: 6176: 6175: 6141: 6129:Province Express 5949: 5931: 5915: 5904:province of Rome 5899: 5883: 5860: 5844: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5796: 5784: 5769: 5757: 5742: 5727: 5711: 5686: 5662: 5623:Anthony de Mello 5576:Baltasar Gracián 5507:José de Anchieta 5436:Andromeda nebula 5434:'s surface, the 5209:, member of the 5151:Nazi persecution 5136:Goan Inquisition 5084:Decree de genere 5080:Decree de genere 5035: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4803:Constantinianism 4641: 4640: 4582:African-American 4461:Superior General 4348: 4344: 4295:Superior General 4271:Jesuit formation 4220: 4150: 4116: 3993:, including the 3986:William P. Leahy 3891: 3844:Republican Spain 3838:Henrik Wergeland 3772: 3751:Franciszek Kareu 3721:for a time, and 3713: 3712: 3697: 3603:José de Anchieta 3538:Chinese diaspora 3502:against Spain. 3446:Francisco Combés 3442:Visayan kingdoms 3414:Pope Clement XIV 3174: 3122: 3079: 3053: 3037: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3017: 2994: 2986: 2970: 2908:Mendicant orders 2905: 2870: 2845: 2771: 2754: 2720: 2643:Laval University 2620:Seven Years' War 2594:Christian Island 2571:Midland, Ontario 2561:In 1639, Jesuit 2523:Charles Lalemant 2383:Act of Supremacy 2290:Crescent College 2223: 2190: 2187:Cum Deus Optimus 2179: 2101:Philippe Couplet 2097:Diego de Pantoja 2089:Michele Ruggieri 2074:, to China. The 2043: 2040: 2019:Philippe Couplet 1951:Ralph Corbington 1931:Heythrop College 1820: 1815:, also known as 1814: 1767:José de Anchieta 1714:José de Anchieta 1620:Portuguese India 1550: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1530: 1506: 1505: 1498: 1488:Liturgy of Hours 1443: 1359:Council of Trent 1350: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1307: 1299: 1294: 1246: 1179: 1176: 1119: 1116:Exposcit debitum 1110:Superior General 1107: 1081:renewed between 1030: 1024: 1017: 1011: 968:Alfonso Salmeron 956:Francisco Xavier 869:Pope Clement XIV 827:attached to the 826: 815:superior general 780:pontifical right 762: 758: 753: 752: 749: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 731: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 689:; abbreviation: 679:Society of Jesus 667: 660: 653: 639: 638: 595:Aloysius Gonzaga 590:Augustin Barruel 565:Francisco Suárez 474:Superior General 420: 410:Society of Jesus 397: 396: 391: 388: 386: 306:Superior General 257: 256: 254: 253: 252: 247: 243: 240: 239: 238: 235: 214:Borgo S. Spirito 198:pontifical right 157:Alfonso Salmeron 113: 111: 106: 74: 54: 52:Society of Jesus 50: 21: 17434: 17433: 17429: 17428: 17427: 17425: 17424: 17423: 17384: 17383: 17382: 17377: 17376: 17371: 17359: 17351: 17342: 17327: 17315: 17278: 17247: 17244:Igor Kovalevsky 17237: 17236: 17228: 17223: 17217: 17210: 17202: 17195: 17181: 17163: 17157:Cyryl Klimowicz 17142:Nicolai Dubinin 17120: 17104: 17088: 17079: 17048: 17043: 17008: 16998: 16993: 16981: 16971: 16969: 16961: 16883:World Youth Day 16861: 16850:World Youth Day 16794:Pacem in terris 16788:Pope John XXIII 16727: 16654: 16645:Edict of Nantes 16603: 16599: 16589: 16555:Teresa of Ávila 16550:Tridentine Mass 16486: 16482: 16473: 16454:Knights Templar 16408: 16310: 16266:Gregorian chant 16224: 16150: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16131: 16119: 16046: 15915: 15903: 15895: 15762: 15760:Catholic Church 15753: 15723: 15718: 15706: 15688: 15612:Sisters of Life 15303: 15257:Pauline Fathers 15180:Marist Brothers 14974: 14962: 14946:TOR Franciscans 14790: 14788: 14782: 14777: 14747: 14742: 14730: 14715: 14707: 14700: 14693: 14682: 14675: 14664: 14657: 14650: 14643: 14636: 14629: 14622: 14615: 14608: 14601: 14594: 14585: 14578: 14567: 14560: 14553: 14548:Joseph Fitzmyer 14546: 14539: 14532: 14525: 14518: 14511: 14504: 14497: 14490: 14477: 14470: 14457: 14450: 14443: 14436: 14429: 14422: 14415: 14408: 14401: 14394: 14387: 14380: 14373: 14366: 14359: 14352: 14345: 14338: 14331: 14326:Jean de Lalande 14324: 14317: 14310: 14303: 14296: 14289: 14282: 14277:Alberto Hurtado 14275: 14268: 14261: 14254: 14247: 14240: 14235:Charles Garnier 14233: 14226: 14219: 14212: 14205: 14198: 14191: 14184: 14177: 14170: 14163: 14156: 14149: 14142: 14137:Jean de Brébeuf 14135: 14128: 14121: 14114: 14107: 14100: 14093: 14086: 14079: 14066: 14057: 14052:List of Jesuits 14050: 14043: 14037:Ratio Studiorum 14034: 14025: 14016: 14007: 13998: 13989: 13982: 13975: 13964: 13959: 13925:Wayback Machine 13913:Wayback Machine 13892: 13890: 13881: 13872: 13870: 13861: 13852:Wayback Machine 13841: 13833:Wayback Machine 13821:Wayback Machine 13800: 13792:Wayback Machine 13780:Wayback Machine 13769: 13730: 13729: 13728: 13713: 13712: 13708: 13701: 13652: 13634: 13632:Primary sources 13585: 13562:Wayback Machine 13551:Wayback Machine 13540:Wayback Machine 13529:Wayback Machine 13474: 13472: 13468: 13461: 13376:Healy, Róisin. 13372:Wayback Machine 13335:. Brill, 2023. 13308:Brodrick, James 13298:Brodrick, James 13282: 13250:Alden, Dauril. 13247: 13230:(2008), to 1773 13215:Wayback Machine 13192:(1993), 290 pp. 13182:(1984) 347 pp. 13160: 13155: 13153:Further reading 13150: 13144: 13118: 13087: 13068: 13049: 13018: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12979: 12965: 12963: 12913: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12836: 12817: 12798: 12790: 12758: 12757: 12740: 12718: 12686: 12667: 12648: 12621: 12593: 12571: 12547: 12524:Hobson, John M. 12489: 12473:Fraser, Antonia 12465: 12443: 12393: 12365: 12346: 12324: 12322: 12320: 12299: 12277: 12255: 12233: 12172: 12167: 12166: 12156: 12154: 12141: 12140: 12136: 12126: 12124: 12115: 12114: 12110: 12100: 12098: 12085: 12084: 12080: 12070: 12068: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12040: 12038: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12010: 12008: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11980: 11978: 11965: 11964: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11899: 11895: 11885: 11883: 11870: 11869: 11865: 11855: 11853: 11840: 11839: 11835: 11831:, pp. 1–2. 11827: 11823: 11815: 11811: 11803: 11799: 11791: 11787: 11779: 11775: 11767: 11763: 11753: 11751: 11747: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11710: 11709: 11705: 11688: 11684: 11678:Wayback Machine 11669: 11665: 11659:Wayback Machine 11650: 11646: 11636: 11634: 11621: 11620: 11616: 11610:Wayback Machine 11601: 11597: 11588: 11584: 11567: 11563: 11553: 11551: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11527: 11525: 11512: 11511: 11507: 11499: 11495: 11483: 11479: 11471: 11467: 11458: 11454: 11446: 11442: 11437: 11433: 11425: 11421: 11413: 11409: 11401: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11377: 11373: 11365: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11329: 11325: 11306: 11302: 11292: 11290: 11277: 11276: 11272: 11262: 11260: 11245: 11241: 11231: 11229: 11214: 11210: 11200: 11198: 11183: 11179: 11169: 11167: 11166:on 28 July 2011 11152: 11148: 11138: 11136: 11135:on 3 April 2009 11118: 11114: 11104: 11102: 11084: 11080: 11070: 11068: 11067:on 15 July 2011 11050: 11046: 11036: 11034: 11033:on 12 June 2011 11017: 11013: 11003: 11001: 11000:on 12 June 2011 10988:(30 May 2005). 10986:O'Brien, Dennis 10983: 10979: 10969: 10967: 10952: 10948: 10940: 10936: 10928: 10924: 10916: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10877: 10873: 10853: 10849: 10841: 10837: 10829: 10825: 10813: 10809: 10795: 10793: 10775: 10771: 10763: 10759: 10749: 10747: 10720: 10716: 10706: 10704: 10667: 10663: 10653: 10651: 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10611: 10610: 10606: 10596: 10594: 10593:on 21 June 2021 10581: 10580: 10576: 10559: 10555: 10545: 10543: 10526: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10497: 10496: 10492: 10482: 10480: 10463: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10423: 10421: 10404: 10400: 10390: 10388: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10360: 10358: 10346: 10342: 10332: 10330: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10284: 10280: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10249: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10227: 10216: 10212: 10207: 10203: 10198: 10194: 10184: 10182: 10173: 10172: 10165: 10155: 10153: 10141: 10140: 10136: 10126: 10124: 10111: 10110: 10106: 10096: 10094: 10081: 10080: 10076: 10066: 10064: 10051: 10050: 10043: 10033: 10031: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10003: 10001: 9988: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9971: 9970:on 30 June 2017 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9940:on 10 July 2017 9928: 9927: 9923: 9913: 9911: 9896: 9892: 9882: 9880: 9867: 9866: 9862: 9843: 9839: 9829: 9827: 9826:on 30 June 2017 9814: 9813: 9809: 9799: 9797: 9782: 9778: 9768: 9766: 9751: 9744: 9734: 9732: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9654:(15 May 2006). 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9615: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9571: 9569: 9554: 9550: 9540: 9538: 9523: 9519: 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9474: 9473: 9469: 9459: 9457: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9408: 9404: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9379: 9368: 9364: 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9320: 9316: 9306: 9304: 9303:on 3 March 2016 9291: 9290: 9286: 9279: 9265: 9261: 9249: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9198: 9194: 9186: 9182: 9172: 9170: 9157: 9156: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9127: 9126: 9122: 9112: 9110: 9097: 9096: 9092: 9085: 9071: 9067: 9062: 9058: 9051: 9032: 9028: 9019: 9015: 9005: 9003: 8987: 8983:(12 May 2020). 8981:Escalante, Rene 8978: 8974: 8964: 8962: 8951: 8947: 8942: 8938: 8928: 8926: 8911: 8907: 8897: 8895: 8882: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8865: 8852: 8851: 8847: 8842: 8838: 8828: 8826: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8751: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8727: 8713: 8709: 8701: 8697: 8687: 8685: 8661: 8657: 8647: 8645: 8630: 8626: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8586: 8582: 8571:, p. 6–7. 8567: 8560: 8553: 8539: 8535: 8528: 8514: 8507: 8496: 8489: 8450: 8446: 8439: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8352: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8327: 8323: 8317:Van Handel 1991 8315: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8291: 8287: 8279: 8268: 8258: 8256: 8239: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8208: 8204: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8174: 8166: 8162: 8154: 8150: 8140: 8138: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8112: 8105: 8097: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8042: 8034: 8030: 8022: 8018: 8010: 8006: 7998: 7994: 7989: 7985: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7945: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7918: 7909: 7905: 7896: 7892: 7883: 7879: 7875:4 Vol. I, p. 88 7870: 7866: 7857: 7853: 7844: 7840: 7836:Vol. II, p. 551 7831: 7827: 7817: 7815: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7791: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7730: 7729: 7725: 7717: 7710: 7701: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7629: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7598: 7597: 7593: 7585: 7581: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7503: 7499: 7492: 7472: 7465: 7459: 7452: 7450: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7389: 7385: 7373: 7369: 7361: 7357: 7349: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7290: 7286: 7276: 7274: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7214: 7187: 7185: 7170: 7166: 7159: 7145: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7074: 7067: 7052: 7038: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7014: 7010: 7000: 6998: 6997:on 10 July 2016 6985: 6984: 6980: 6972: 6968: 6960: 6956: 6942: 6922: 6918: 6897: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6843: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6803: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6774:Wayback Machine 6765: 6758: 6750: 6743: 6735: 6728: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6662: 6646: 6645: 6638: 6636: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6527:, p. xxxv. 6523: 6519: 6509: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6333: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6291: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6177: 6170: 6167: 6148:Jesuitenmission 6138:Geist und Leben 6050: 6041: 6020:to people like 5974: 5968: 5963: 5956: 5950: 5941: 5932: 5923: 5916: 5907: 5900: 5891: 5884: 5875: 5861: 5852: 5845: 5836: 5833: 5824: 5821: 5812: 5809: 5800: 5797: 5788: 5785: 5776: 5770: 5761: 5758: 5749: 5743: 5734: 5728: 5719: 5718:, Paris, France 5712: 5703: 5687: 5678: 5677:of the Jesuits. 5663: 5654: 5648: 5519:Jean de Brébeuf 5487: 5477: 5475:List of Jesuits 5471: 5469:Notable members 5400:pendulum clocks 5392:Jonathan Wright 5338: 5332: 5304:Pierre Chaillet 5287: 5281: 5159: 5153: 5132: 5096: 5066: 5018: 5010:Oswald Tesimond 4967: 4958: 4929: 4928: 4913: 4911: 4904: 4892: 4876: 4868: 4867: 4863:Worker Movement 4862: 4850: 4848: 4842: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4794: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4750: 4722: 4714: 4713: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4665: 4658: 4652: 4616: 4584:slave labor in 4551: 4546: 4538:clerical collar 4507: 4505:Habit and dress 4489:61 high schools 4439:religious order 4343: 4291: 4273: 4267: 4257:culminate in a 4233: 4227: 4168:Argentine junta 4151: 4145: 4113:Haurietis aquas 4025:Thomas J. Reese 4023:In April 2005, 3921:Vincent O'Keefe 3859: 3857:Post-Vatican II 3822: 3714: 3707: 3660: 3654: 3554: 3552:Colonial Brazil 3542:the Philippines 3473:Pedro Calungsod 3351: 3343:Bourbon Reforms 3327:Comunero Revolt 3312:Jean d'Alembert 3259: 3253: 3243:tribes and the 3180:Mainas missions 3038: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3007: 2995: 2984: 2928:Diocese of Osma 2880:and the Jesuit 2835:The Jesuits in 2798: 2786:Churrigueresque 2745:(1580) and the 2743:Chiesa del Gesù 2705: 2657: 2651: 2563:Jerome Lalemant 2556:Huron territory 2515:Jean de Brébeuf 2491:Jean de Brébeuf 2483: 2477: 2457:Williamite Wars 2408:, Limerick and 2394:Henry Brouncker 2371:Earl of Desmond 2312:Petrine primacy 2236: 2230: 2211:excommunication 2177:Pope Clement XI 2175: 2041: 2017:, published by 1984: 1978: 1923:Jesuit seminary 1919:English College 1903: 1870:Jacques Gravier 1866:Native American 1845:in the West by 1793:Nanbanji Church 1675:Albert Dorville 1551: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1520: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1473:performing arts 1440:Ratio Studiorum 1351: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1320: 1308: 1291:Ratio Studiorum 1282: 1177: 1038:(Franciscans); 996:Simão Rodrigues 886: 881: 784:Catholic Church 782:for men in the 776:clerics regular 772:religious order 760: 756: 733: 706: 702: 671: 633: 531:Notable Jesuits 426: 383: 374:Catholic Church 370: 360: 350: 343: 322: 308: 284: 274: 264: 250: 248: 244: 241: 236: 233: 231: 229: 228: 212: 194:clerics regular 184: 161: 152:Simão Rodrigues 109: 107: 104: 79: 65: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17432: 17422: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17379: 17378: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17369: 17356: 17353: 17352: 17350: 17349: 17337: 17334: 17322: 17310: 17307: 17306: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17286: 17284: 17280: 17279: 17277: 17276: 17273:Mikael Bassalé 17264: 17255: 17253: 17249: 17248: 17242: 17240: 17230: 17229: 17227: 17226: 17220: 17205: 17189: 17187: 17183: 17182: 17180: 17179: 17173: 17171: 17165: 17164: 17162: 17161: 17160: 17159: 17154: 17152:Clemens Pickel 17149: 17144: 17139: 17128: 17126: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17118: 17112: 17110: 17106: 17105: 17103: 17102: 17096: 17094: 17090: 17089: 17082: 17080: 17078: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17056: 17054: 17050: 17049: 17042: 17041: 17034: 17027: 17019: 17013: 17010: 17009: 17006:Jesuit Bishops 16995: 16994: 16992: 16991: 16979: 16966: 16963: 16962: 16960: 16959: 16954: 16949: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16931: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16880: 16875: 16869: 16867: 16863: 16862: 16860: 16859: 16858: 16857: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16790: 16785: 16778: 16773: 16771:Lateran Treaty 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16737: 16735: 16729: 16728: 16726: 16725: 16718: 16713: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16662: 16660: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16652: 16647: 16642: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16622: 16617: 16612: 16606: 16604: 16596:Baroque period 16594: 16591: 16590: 16588: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16565:Peter Canisius 16562: 16557: 16552: 16547: 16542: 16540:Francis Xavier 16537: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16504:Exsurge Domine 16500: 16495: 16489: 16487: 16478: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16444:Pope Clement V 16441: 16440: 16439: 16437:Avignon Papacy 16432:Western Schism 16429: 16424: 16422:Thomas Aquinas 16418: 16416: 16410: 16409: 16407: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16320: 16318: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16308: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16276:Saint Boniface 16273: 16268: 16263: 16261:Pope Gregory I 16258: 16253: 16248: 16242: 16240: 16234: 16233: 16230: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16223: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16200:Biblical canon 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16166: 16165: 16154: 16152: 16133: 16129:Late antiquity 16121: 16120: 16118: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16096: 16095: 16090: 16089: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16076:Pope Clement I 16066:Church Fathers 16063: 16057: 16055: 16048: 16047: 16045: 16044: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16017: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15922: 15920: 15905: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15872: 15871: 15866: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15835: 15834: 15829: 15827:Biblical canon 15822:Catholic Bible 15819: 15818: 15817: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15784: 15783: 15772: 15770: 15764: 15763: 15752: 15751: 15744: 15737: 15729: 15720: 15719: 15717: 15716: 15704: 15702:Catholic laity 15693: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15686: 15681: 15675: 15669: 15663: 15658: 15652: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15615: 15609: 15604: 15599: 15594: 15589: 15584: 15579: 15574: 15569: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15526: 15520: 15514: 15508: 15502: 15497: 15491: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15469: 15464: 15458: 15452: 15446: 15440: 15435: 15429: 15424: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15402:Hijas de Jesús 15399: 15394: 15389: 15383: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15351: 15345: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15318: 15311: 15309: 15305: 15304: 15302: 15301: 15295: 15289: 15283: 15277: 15272: 15266: 15260: 15254: 15248: 15242: 15236: 15230: 15224: 15219: 15213: 15207: 15201: 15195: 15189: 15183: 15177: 15171: 15165: 15159: 15153: 15147: 15141: 15136: 15130: 15124: 15118: 15112: 15107: 15101: 15095: 15089: 15083: 15077: 15071: 15065: 15059: 15053: 15047: 15041: 15035: 15029: 15024: 15018: 15012: 15006: 15000: 14994: 14989: 14986:Adorno Fathers 14982: 14980: 14976: 14975: 14965: 14963: 14961: 14960: 14954: 14948: 14943: 14937: 14931: 14925: 14919: 14914: 14908: 14902: 14896: 14890: 14884: 14878: 14872: 14866: 14860: 14854: 14848: 14842: 14836: 14830: 14824: 14818: 14812: 14806: 14803:Assumptionists 14800: 14794: 14792: 14784: 14783: 14776: 14775: 14768: 14761: 14753: 14744: 14743: 14741: 14740: 14728: 14712: 14709: 14708: 14706: 14705: 14698: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14672: 14670: 14666: 14665: 14663: 14662: 14655: 14648: 14641: 14634: 14627: 14620: 14613: 14606: 14599: 14592: 14583: 14575: 14573: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14565: 14558: 14551: 14544: 14537: 14534:Henri de Lubac 14530: 14523: 14516: 14509: 14502: 14499:Luis de Molina 14495: 14487: 14485: 14479: 14478: 14476: 14475: 14467: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14455: 14448: 14445:Francis Xavier 14441: 14434: 14427: 14420: 14413: 14406: 14399: 14392: 14385: 14378: 14371: 14364: 14357: 14350: 14343: 14336: 14329: 14322: 14315: 14308: 14301: 14294: 14287: 14280: 14273: 14266: 14259: 14252: 14245: 14238: 14231: 14224: 14217: 14210: 14203: 14200:Antoine Daniel 14196: 14189: 14182: 14175: 14168: 14165:Peter Canisius 14161: 14158:Edmund Campion 14154: 14151:John de Britto 14147: 14140: 14133: 14130:Francis Borgia 14126: 14119: 14112: 14109:John Berchmans 14105: 14098: 14091: 14084: 14076: 14074: 14068: 14067: 14060: 14058: 14056: 14055: 14048: 14041: 14032: 14023: 14014: 14005: 13996: 13987: 13980: 13972: 13970: 13966: 13965: 13958: 13957: 13950: 13943: 13935: 13929: 13928: 13915: 13899: 13879: 13859: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13823: 13811: 13806: 13799: 13796: 13795: 13794: 13782: 13768: 13765: 13764: 13763: 13743: 13727: 13726: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13699:External links 13697: 13696: 13695: 13689: 13683: 13677: 13671: 13655:Klaus Schatz. 13651: 13648: 13647: 13646: 13639: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13628: 13621: 13611: 13593: 13592:(2002) 402 pp. 13584: 13581: 13580: 13579: 13578:(Brill, 2015). 13574:Zhang, Qiong. 13572: 13565: 13516: 13509: 13502: 13495: 13488: 13481: 13452: 13445: 13438: 13431: 13424: 13409: 13402: 13395: 13388: 13383:Höpfl, Harro. 13381: 13374: 13357: 13350: 13343: 13336: 13329: 13322: 13315: 13305: 13295: 13280: 13266:Brodrick James 13262: 13255: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13241: 13237:(2004) 368 pp 13231: 13224: 13223:(2014), 138 pp 13217: 13200: 13199:(1981) 320 pp. 13193: 13186: 13176: 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(1994). 12722: 12716: 12699: 12690: 12684: 12671: 12665: 12652: 12646: 12625: 12619: 12606: 12597: 12591: 12575: 12569: 12551: 12545: 12532: 12520: 12508: 12498:Monita Secreta 12493: 12487: 12469: 12463: 12447: 12441: 12419: 12406: 12397: 12391: 12378: 12369: 12363: 12350: 12344: 12331: 12319:978-0878210183 12318: 12303: 12297: 12285:Brading, D. A. 12281: 12275: 12259: 12253: 12237: 12231: 12210: 12192:(3): 325–327. 12173: 12171: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12134: 12108: 12091:manresarev.com 12078: 12048: 12018: 11988: 11958: 11928: 11893: 11863: 11852:on 3 July 2017 11846:tertianship.eu 11833: 11821: 11819:, p. 101. 11809: 11807:, p. 212. 11797: 11795:, p. 200. 11785: 11783:, p. 154. 11773: 11761: 11729: 11718:on 28 May 2010 11703: 11682: 11663: 11644: 11629:. Yad Vashem. 11614: 11595: 11582: 11561: 11535: 11505: 11493: 11485:Peter Hoffmann 11477: 11465: 11452: 11448:Lapomarda 2005 11440: 11431: 11427:Lapomarda 2005 11419: 11415:Lapomarda 2005 11407: 11403:Lapomarda 2005 11395: 11391:Lapomarda 2005 11383: 11371: 11369:, p. 356. 11359: 11357:, p. 357. 11347: 11323: 11300: 11270: 11239: 11208: 11177: 11146: 11112: 11101:on 11 May 2011 11078: 11044: 11011: 10977: 10966:on 3 July 2011 10946: 10934: 10932:, p. 204. 10922: 10910: 10871: 10847: 10845:, p. 190. 10835: 10833:, p. 448. 10823: 10807: 10769: 10757: 10714: 10661: 10630: 10604: 10574: 10553: 10520: 10490: 10457: 10431: 10398: 10368: 10340: 10313: 10278: 10237: 10210: 10201: 10192: 10163: 10134: 10104: 10093:on 16 May 2008 10074: 10063:on 19 May 2017 10057:www.sjweb.info 10041: 10011: 9981: 9951: 9921: 9898:Curti, Elena. 9890: 9860: 9837: 9807: 9790:The New Yorker 9776: 9742: 9711: 9677: 9643: 9609: 9598:on 2 June 2017 9579: 9548: 9517: 9505: 9467: 9436: 9411:Novak, Michael 9402: 9393: 9357: 9327: 9314: 9284: 9277: 9259: 9243: 9212:(7): 672–693. 9192: 9180: 9150: 9120: 9103:www.adi.edu.ph 9090: 9083: 9065: 9056: 9050:978-1851099528 9049: 9026: 9013: 8972: 8945: 8936: 8905: 8875: 8845: 8836: 8803:(2): 207–228. 8783: 8769: 8745: 8743:, p. 115. 8733: 8725: 8707: 8695: 8675:(2): 227–229. 8655: 8624: 8607:978-0671013202 8606: 8580: 8558: 8551: 8533: 8526: 8505: 8487: 8444: 8438:978-0521630757 8437: 8407: 8395: 8383: 8381:, p. 185. 8371: 8359: 8357:. Madrid 1914. 8346: 8334: 8321: 8309: 8307:, p. 250. 8297: 8285: 8283:, p. 242. 8266: 8233: 8202: 8184: 8172: 8160: 8148: 8118: 8103: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8060:Carpenter 2004 8052: 8040: 8028: 8016: 8004: 7992: 7983: 7981:Lenihan p. 671 7974: 7965: 7952: 7943: 7934: 7932:Lenihan p. 667 7925: 7923:Lenihan p. 666 7916: 7903: 7890: 7877: 7864: 7851: 7849:Vol. I, p. 32. 7838: 7825: 7810:. SJArchives. 7799: 7761: 7723: 7708: 7690: 7662: 7623: 7591: 7579: 7553: 7546: 7526: 7497: 7490: 7463: 7422: 7415: 7383: 7367: 7355: 7343: 7284: 7254: 7224: 7212: 7164: 7157: 7139: 7122:www.vatican.va 7109: 7083: 7065: 7050: 7032: 7030:, p. 144. 7020: 7018:, p. 857. 7008: 6978: 6966: 6964:, p. 167. 6954: 6940: 6916: 6891: 6879: 6865: 6828: 6794: 6782: 6778:Boston College 6756: 6754:, p. 426. 6741: 6726: 6724:, p. 166. 6714: 6684: 6682:, p. 142. 6672: 6660: 6619: 6593: 6563: 6529: 6517: 6491: 6465: 6450:. Sjweb.info. 6439: 6402: 6399:(Online). n.d. 6382: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6305: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6166: 6163: 6105:Ignatius Press 6066:Basque Country 6049: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6014:Thomas Aquinas 5989:have over 560 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5957: 5951: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5926: 5924: 5920:Église du Gesù 5917: 5910: 5908: 5901: 5894: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5876: 5862: 5855: 5853: 5846: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5779: 5777: 5771: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5752: 5750: 5744: 5737: 5735: 5729: 5722: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5704: 5688: 5681: 5679: 5664: 5657: 5647: 5644: 5594:(1651–57) and 5530:José de Acosta 5495:Francis Xavier 5473:Main article: 5470: 5467: 5396:God's Soldiers 5331: 5328: 5291:Martin Gilbert 5280: 5277: 5239:Augustin Rosch 5227:Augustin Rösch 5223:Kreisau Circle 5211:Kreisau Circle 5189:, a Pole. The 5155:Main article: 5152: 5149: 5131: 5128: 5095: 5092: 5065: 5062: 5054:Malachi Martin 5050:Alberto Rivera 5046:Avro Manhattan 5040:). Hence, the 5017: 5014: 4998:James VI and I 4994:Gunpowder Plot 4966: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4949: 4942: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4875:Current topics 4874: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4858: 4853: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4824: 4822:Ultramontanism 4815: 4810: 4805: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4745: 4738: 4735:Dictatus papae 4731: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4661: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4621:Monita Secreta 4615: 4612: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4506: 4503: 4473:social justice 4433: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4342: 4339: 4290: 4287: 4269:Main article: 4266: 4263: 4229:Main article: 4226: 4223: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4172:Adolfo Nicolás 4143: 4134:Adolfo Nicolás 3982:Boston College 3936:Segundo Montes 3912:social justice 3858: 3855: 3830:Denmark–Norway 3821: 3818: 3791:Ultramontanist 3755:Gabriel Gruber 3705: 3677:Spanish Empire 3656:Main article: 3653: 3650: 3627:Rio de Janeiro 3553: 3550: 3350: 3347: 3255:Main article: 3252: 3249: 3072:José de Acosta 3064:Spanish Empire 3040: 3039: 2998: 2996: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2797: 2794: 2723:Quito, Ecuador 2704: 2701: 2653:Main article: 2650: 2647: 2586:Paul Ragueneau 2476: 2473: 2279:Richard Creagh 2229: 2226: 2204:Kangxi Emperor 2164:Kangxi Emperor 2051:settlement on 1980:Main article: 1977: 1974: 1915:United Kingdom 1902: 1899: 1885:Miami–Illinois 1849:in the 1740s. 1833:with his 1651 1775:Rio de Janeiro 1671:Johann Grueber 1608:Francis Xavier 1602:Francis Xavier 1553: 1552: 1510: 1508: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1429:universities. 1401:Desert Fathers 1353: 1352: 1311: 1309: 1302: 1281: 1278: 1252:clerks regular 1125:Peter Canisius 1087:Ottoman Empire 1071:bishop of Arbe 1048:José de Acosta 1019:into Latin as 885: 882: 880: 877: 864:Christianizing 673: 672: 670: 669: 662: 655: 647: 644: 643: 630: 629: 628: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 580:Edmund Campion 577: 575:Peter Canisius 572: 567: 562: 560:John Berchmans 557: 552: 547: 545:Francis Xavier 542: 534: 533: 527: 526: 525: 524: 516: 515: 511: 510: 509: 508: 501: 494: 484: 483: 479: 478: 477: 476: 471: 463: 462: 458: 457: 456: 455: 450: 443: 433: 432: 428: 427: 425:of the Jesuits 421: 413: 412: 406: 405: 393: 392: 381: 377: 376: 371: 368: 365: 364: 361: 358: 355: 354: 351: 348: 345: 344: 342: 341: 331: 325: 323: 320: 317: 316: 309: 304: 301: 300: 285: 282: 279: 278: 275: 272: 269: 268: 265: 263:Region served 262: 259: 258: 226: 222: 221: 206: 202: 201: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 178:formalised in 176: 169: 167: 163: 162: 160: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 133: 131:Francis Xavier 127: 121: 119: 115: 114: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 75: 67: 66: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17431: 17420: 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15087: 15084: 15081: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15069: 15066: 15063: 15060: 15057: 15054: 15051: 15048: 15045: 15042: 15039: 15036: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15022: 15019: 15016: 15013: 15010: 15007: 15004: 15001: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14987: 14984: 14983: 14981: 14977: 14969: 14958: 14955: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14941: 14938: 14935: 14934:Servite Order 14932: 14929: 14926: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14912: 14909: 14906: 14903: 14900: 14897: 14894: 14891: 14888: 14885: 14882: 14879: 14876: 14873: 14870: 14867: 14864: 14861: 14858: 14855: 14852: 14849: 14846: 14843: 14840: 14837: 14834: 14831: 14828: 14825: 14822: 14819: 14816: 14813: 14810: 14807: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14795: 14793: 14785: 14781: 14774: 14769: 14767: 14762: 14760: 14755: 14754: 14751: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14726: 14725: 14714: 14713: 14710: 14703: 14699: 14696: 14692: 14687: 14686: 14681: 14680: 14678: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14667: 14660: 14656: 14653: 14649: 14646: 14642: 14639: 14635: 14632: 14628: 14625: 14621: 14618: 14614: 14611: 14607: 14604: 14600: 14597: 14593: 14590: 14589: 14584: 14581: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14570: 14563: 14559: 14556: 14552: 14549: 14545: 14542: 14538: 14535: 14531: 14528: 14524: 14521: 14517: 14514: 14513:Jean Daniélou 14510: 14507: 14503: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14484: 14480: 14473: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14464: 14460: 14453: 14449: 14446: 14442: 14439: 14438:Henry Walpole 14435: 14432: 14428: 14425: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14407: 14404: 14400: 14397: 14393: 14390: 14386: 14383: 14379: 14376: 14375:Nicholas Owen 14372: 14369: 14365: 14362: 14358: 14355: 14351: 14348: 14344: 14341: 14337: 14334: 14330: 14327: 14323: 14320: 14316: 14313: 14309: 14306: 14302: 14299: 14295: 14292: 14288: 14285: 14281: 14278: 14274: 14271: 14267: 14264: 14260: 14257: 14253: 14250: 14246: 14243: 14239: 14236: 14232: 14229: 14228:Thomas Garnet 14225: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14211: 14208: 14204: 14201: 14197: 14194: 14190: 14187: 14183: 14180: 14179:Noël Chabanel 14176: 14173: 14169: 14166: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14148: 14145: 14141: 14138: 14134: 14131: 14127: 14124: 14123:Andrew Bobola 14120: 14117: 14113: 14110: 14106: 14103: 14099: 14096: 14092: 14089: 14085: 14082: 14078: 14077: 14075: 14073: 14069: 14064: 14053: 14049: 14046: 14042: 14039: 14038: 14033: 14030: 14029: 14024: 14021: 14020: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14006: 14003: 14002: 13997: 13994: 13993: 13988: 13985: 13981: 13978: 13974: 13973: 13971: 13967: 13963: 13956: 13951: 13949: 13944: 13942: 13937: 13936: 13933: 13926: 13922: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13910: 13907: 13903: 13900: 13888: 13884: 13880: 13868: 13864: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13834: 13830: 13827: 13824: 13822: 13818: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13793: 13789: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13777: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13761: 13757: 13754:" section of 13753: 13748: 13744: 13741: 13736: 13732: 13731: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13694: 13690: 13688: 13684: 13682: 13678: 13676: 13672: 13670: 13669:online review 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13653: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13626: 13622: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13610: 13606: 13602: 13598: 13594: 13591: 13587: 13586: 13583:United States 13577: 13573: 13570: 13566: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13545: 13541: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13493: 13489: 13486: 13482: 13471:on 9 May 2012 13467: 13460: 13459: 13453: 13450: 13446: 13443: 13439: 13436: 13432: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13407: 13403: 13400: 13396: 13393: 13389: 13386: 13382: 13379: 13375: 13373: 13369: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13355: 13351: 13348: 13344: 13341: 13337: 13334: 13330: 13327: 13323: 13320: 13316: 13313: 13309: 13306: 13303: 13299: 13296: 13293: 13289: 13283: 13281:9780829409307 13277: 13273: 13272: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13256: 13253: 13249: 13248: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13229: 13225: 13222: 13218: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13205: 13201: 13198: 13194: 13191: 13187: 13185: 13181: 13177: 13174: 13170: 13169: 13164: 13145: 13139: 13134: 13133: 13127: 13123: 13119: 13113: 13109: 13105: 13101: 13097: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13078: 13073: 13069: 13063: 13059: 13054: 13050: 13044: 13040: 13035: 13031: 13027: 13023: 13019: 13013: 13009: 13004: 12989: 12985: 12978: 12973: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12945: 12941: 12936: 12932: 12931: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12914: 12908: 12904: 12900: 12899:Pollard, John 12896: 12892: 12887: 12876: 12870: 12866: 12865: 12859: 12855: 12850: 12846: 12841: 12837: 12831: 12827: 12822: 12818: 12812: 12808: 12804: 12795: 12791: 12785: 12780: 12779: 12772: 12768: 12762: 12753: 12752: 12745: 12741: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12719: 12713: 12709: 12705: 12700: 12696: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12677: 12672: 12668: 12662: 12658: 12653: 12649: 12643: 12639: 12635: 12631: 12626: 12622: 12616: 12612: 12607: 12603: 12598: 12594: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12562: 12561: 12556: 12552: 12548: 12542: 12538: 12533: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12490: 12484: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12470: 12466: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12438: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12427:Durant, Ariel 12424: 12420: 12415: 12414: 12407: 12403: 12398: 12394: 12388: 12384: 12379: 12375: 12370: 12366: 12360: 12356: 12351: 12347: 12341: 12337: 12332: 12321: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12304: 12300: 12294: 12290: 12286: 12282: 12278: 12276:0-8020-3721-6 12272: 12268: 12264: 12260: 12256: 12254:0-8020-4688-6 12250: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12234: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12211: 12207: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12174: 12152: 12148: 12144: 12138: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12096: 12092: 12088: 12082: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12052: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12022: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11992: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11904: 11897: 11881: 11877: 11876:Conversations 11873: 11867: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11837: 11830: 11829:Ivereigh 2014 11825: 11818: 11813: 11806: 11801: 11794: 11789: 11782: 11781:Ashworth 1986 11777: 11771:, p. 68. 11770: 11765: 11746: 11739: 11733: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11667: 11660: 11656: 11653: 11648: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11618: 11611: 11607: 11604: 11599: 11592: 11586: 11579: 11578:0-385-60100-X 11575: 11571: 11565: 11549: 11545: 11539: 11523: 11519: 11515: 11509: 11502: 11497: 11490: 11486: 11481: 11474: 11469: 11462: 11456: 11450:, p. 33. 11449: 11444: 11435: 11428: 11423: 11416: 11411: 11404: 11399: 11392: 11387: 11380: 11375: 11368: 11363: 11356: 11351: 11343: 11339: 11338: 11333: 11327: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11310: 11304: 11288: 11285:. July 2017. 11284: 11280: 11274: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11243: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11212: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11181: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11150: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11116: 11100: 11096: 11092: 11088: 11087:Dulles, Avery 11082: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11048: 11032: 11028: 11027: 11022: 11015: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10981: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10938: 10931: 10926: 10920:, p. 17. 10919: 10914: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10886: 10882: 10875: 10869: 10868:0-671-54505-1 10865: 10861: 10857: 10851: 10844: 10839: 10832: 10827: 10820: 10816: 10811: 10804: 10791: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10766: 10761: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10718: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10665: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10634: 10618: 10614: 10608: 10592: 10588: 10584: 10578: 10571: 10570:9781848855847 10567: 10563: 10562:On The Button 10557: 10541: 10537: 10536: 10531: 10524: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10494: 10478: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10461: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10419: 10415: 10414: 10409: 10402: 10386: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10357: 10356: 10351: 10344: 10328: 10324: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10282: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10248: 10241: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10205: 10196: 10180: 10176: 10170: 10168: 10151: 10147: 10144: 10138: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10108: 10092: 10088: 10084: 10078: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10048: 10046: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10015: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9969: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9894: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9841: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9780: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9749: 9747: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9647: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9613: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9583: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9552: 9536: 9532: 9528: 9521: 9514: 9509: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9406: 9397: 9378: 9374: 9367: 9361: 9345: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9324: 9318: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9280: 9278:9789004283879 9274: 9270: 9263: 9256: 9252: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9219: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9196: 9189: 9188:Campbell 1921 9184: 9168: 9164: 9160: 9154: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9124: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9086: 9084:2-7089-6839-4 9080: 9076: 9069: 9060: 9052: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9023: 9017: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8986: 8982: 8976: 8960: 8956: 8949: 8940: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8909: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8879: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8840: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8787: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8749: 8742: 8737: 8728: 8726:9780199731985 8722: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8699: 8683: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8659: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8620: 8609: 8603: 8599: 8594: 8593: 8584: 8576: 8570: 8565: 8563: 8554: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8529: 8527:9780804791229 8523: 8519: 8512: 8510: 8501: 8494: 8492: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8455: 8448: 8440: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8411: 8404: 8399: 8392: 8391:Sandoval 2008 8387: 8380: 8375: 8368: 8363: 8356: 8350: 8344:, p. 84. 8343: 8338: 8331: 8325: 8318: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8294: 8289: 8282: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8244: 8237: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8182:, p. 53. 8181: 8176: 8170:, p. 49. 8169: 8164: 8158:, p. 46. 8157: 8152: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8122: 8116:, p. 43. 8115: 8110: 8108: 8100: 8095: 8093: 8086:, p. 42. 8085: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8062:, p. 61. 8061: 8056: 8049: 8044: 8037: 8032: 8026:, p. 29. 8025: 8020: 8013: 8008: 8001: 7996: 7990:Begley p. 308 7987: 7978: 7972:Begley p. 307 7969: 7962: 7956: 7950:Begley p. 480 7947: 7941:Begley p. 479 7938: 7929: 7920: 7913: 7907: 7900: 7894: 7888:Vol. I, p. 40 7887: 7884:Vera Moynes, 7881: 7874: 7871:Vera Moynes, 7868: 7861: 7855: 7848: 7845:Vera Moynes, 7842: 7835: 7832:Vera Moynes, 7829: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7772: 7765: 7757: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7740: 7734: 7727: 7720: 7715: 7713: 7705: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7678: 7673: 7666: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7608: 7601: 7595: 7588: 7587:Mungello 1994 7583: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7547:9789004345607 7543: 7539: 7538: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7501: 7493: 7491:9780898709162 7487: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7470: 7468: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7431:Ricci, Matteo 7426: 7418: 7416:9789058673152 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7387: 7381:, p. 26. 7380: 7376: 7371: 7365:, p. 26. 7364: 7359: 7352: 7347: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7288: 7272: 7268: 7267:jesuit.org.uk 7264: 7258: 7242: 7238: 7237:jesuit.org.uk 7234: 7228: 7221: 7216: 7209: 7208:2-912554-26-8 7205: 7201: 7197: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7160: 7158:974-8304-77-9 7154: 7150: 7143: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7113: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7079: 7072: 7070: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7043: 7036: 7029: 7028:Gonzalez 1985 7024: 7017: 7016:Campbell 1921 7012: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6982: 6975: 6970: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6949: 6943: 6941:9780912422206 6937: 6933: 6929: 6928: 6920: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6904: 6895: 6889:, p. 72. 6888: 6887:Campbell 1921 6883: 6868: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6849: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6817:on 5 May 2022 6816: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6799: 6791: 6790:O'Malley 1993 6786: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6768: 6763: 6761: 6753: 6748: 6746: 6738: 6737:Campbell 1921 6733: 6731: 6723: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6681: 6676: 6670:, p. 24. 6669: 6668:Campbell 1921 6664: 6656: 6650: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6526: 6525:O'Malley 2006 6521: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6417: 6412: 6406: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6347: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6309: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6174: 6169: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6132: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6117: 6116:Eureka Street 6111: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6045: 6036: 6034: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5954: 5948: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5783: 5778: 5774: 5768: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5736: 5733:, Cuzco, Peru 5732: 5731:Jesuit church 5726: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5685: 5680: 5676: 5675:mother church 5672: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5614: 5611:In Scotland, 5609: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5572:of Paraguay. 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5380: 5378: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5270:Sachsenhausen 5267: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5255:Robert Leiber 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5195:Vatican Radio 5192: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5165:. Hitler was 5164: 5158: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5112:women deacons 5109: 5108:birth control 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5038:Blaise Pascal 5034: 5033: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4955: 4950: 4948: 4943: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4908: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4851:Spanish model 4845: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4830: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4725: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4655: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4614:Power-seeking 4611: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4544:Controversies 4541: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4511:Constitutions 4502: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446: 4440: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4417:North America 4416: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4373:Latin America 4372: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4259:contemplation 4256: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4245:Autobiography 4242: 4238: 4237:Constitutions 4232: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4156: 4148: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047:homosexuality 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3890: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3834:Jesuit clause 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3770: 3764: 3760: 3759:Pope Pius VII 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3711: 3704: 3699: 3698:, decreeing: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3687:, issued the 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3649: 3645: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3592:Tomé de Sousa 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580:Tomé de Sousa 3573: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3426:Pedro Chirino 3419: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3196:Marañón River 3193: 3189: 3186:, around the 3185: 3184:Marañón River 3181: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143:South America 3140: 3136: 3132: 3131:Rafael Ferrer 3128: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3052: 3046: 3036: 3033: 3025: 3015: 3011: 3005: 3004: 2999:This section 2997: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2979: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2965:. Motezuma's 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2838: 2830: 2825: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2761:South America 2758: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2649:United States 2646: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2625: 2622:, Quebec was 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2536:Huron mission 2532: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2519:Énemond Massé 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2438:Hugh MacMahon 2433: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2367:Dublin Castle 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340:Thomas Cusack 2336: 2335:Roman College 2331: 2329: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2141:Enlightenment 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:François Noël 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2035: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1941:since then. 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1862:First Nations 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691:Central Tibet 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1614:, arrived in 1613: 1609: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1564: 1559: 1549: 1546: 1538: 1535:December 2019 1528: 1527:the talk page 1524: 1518: 1516: 1511:This section 1509: 1500: 1499: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1441: 1436:, the Jesuit 1435: 1430: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1349: 1346: 1338: 1328: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1312:This section 1310: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1237:Constitutions 1233: 1231: 1228:and southern 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:Protestantism 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1053:Pope Sixtus V 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1010: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 917: 912: 908: 904: 900: 894: 890: 876: 874: 870: 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 836: 834: 833:mother church 831:, the Jesuit 830: 825: 820: 819:general curia 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 792:Pope Paul III 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 764: 751: 700: 696: 692: 688: 687:Societas Iesu 684: 680: 668: 663: 661: 656: 654: 649: 648: 646: 645: 642: 637: 632: 631: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 615:Jesuit saints 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 536: 535: 532: 529: 528: 523: 520: 519: 518: 517: 513: 512: 507: 506: 502: 500: 499: 495: 493: 492: 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Church 15941:Resurrection 15904:(30–325/476) 15901:Early Church 15886:Latin Church 15881:Papal States 15876:Vatican City 15698:Third orders 15186:Mechitarists 15149: 14997:Augustinians 14899:Mercedarians 14833:Bridgettines 14827:Benedictines 14722: 14683: 14586: 14492:Diego Laynez 14368:John Ogilvie 14305:Isaac Jogues 14214:Philip Evans 14186:Peter Claver 14035: 14026: 14017: 14008: 13999: 13990: 13961: 13891:. Retrieved 13871:. Retrieved 13855: 13709: 13692: 13686: 13680: 13674: 13656: 13642: 13624: 13614: 13601:vol 1 online 13596: 13589: 13575: 13568: 13520: 13512: 13505: 13498: 13491: 13484: 13473:. Retrieved 13466:the original 13457: 13448: 13441: 13434: 13427: 13412: 13405: 13398: 13391: 13384: 13377: 13360: 13353: 13346: 13339: 13332: 13325: 13318: 13311: 13301: 13270: 13258: 13251: 13234: 13227: 13220: 13203: 13196: 13189: 13179: 13172: 13131: 13107: 13095: 13076: 13057: 13038: 13029: 13007: 12995:. Retrieved 12983: 12964:. Retrieved 12947: 12943: 12928: 12902: 12890: 12878:. Retrieved 12863: 12853: 12844: 12825: 12806: 12777: 12750: 12729: 12707: 12704:Tausch, Arno 12694: 12675: 12656: 12629: 12610: 12601: 12582: 12559: 12536: 12527: 12515: 12501: 12477: 12454: 12431: 12423:Durant, Will 12412: 12401: 12382: 12373: 12354: 12335: 12323:. Retrieved 12308: 12288: 12266: 12244: 12222: 12189: 12185: 12181: 12155:. Retrieved 12146: 12137: 12125:. Retrieved 12111: 12099:. 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8024:Paquin 1932 8012:Devine 1925 8000:Devine 1925 7379:Parker 1978 7375:Hobson 2004 7363:Parker 1978 7096:archive.org 6974:Pollen 1912 6913:(in Latin). 6821:23 February 6693:"Chapter 2" 6198:Blas Valera 6022:Karl Rahner 6018:Bonaventure 5592:El Criticón 5552:during the 5428:electricity 5416:microscopes 5404:pantographs 5357:Adam Schall 5231:Alfred Delp 5207:Alfred Delp 4971:Jean Châtel 4827:Americanism 4818:Cisalpinism 4608:Catholicism 4601:East Asians 4477:Philippines 4465:Arturo Sosa 4454:Arturo Sosa 4357:Percentage 4330:worldwide. 4315:magisterium 4303:Arturo Sosa 4278:Renaissance 4241:The Letters 4180:Arturo Sosa 4104:Peter Faber 3927:to Arrupe. 3917:Paolo Dezza 3802:Switzerland 3779:Alexander I 3689:papal brief 3685:Clement XIV 3494:, inspired 3469:observatory 3463:-dominated 3359:Franciscans 3349:Philippines 3292:plantations 3141:regions of 3022:August 2020 2951:Andrés Cavo 2922:in Mexico. 2912:Franciscans 2769:la Compañía 2752:la Compañía 2718:la Compañía 2627:dissolved. 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12117:"Weltweit" 12057:"About Us" 11921:7 February 11886:7 February 11817:Woods 2005 11805:Ebrey 2010 11769:Hough 2007 11754:16 January 11722:4 December 11637:16 January 11554:6 November 11528:6 November 11405:, appx. A. 10903:7 December 10803:perpétuel. 10450:15 October 10087:SJWeb.info 9704:23 October 9670:23 October 9636:23 October 9386:8 February 9350:23 October 9173:12 October 9143:12 October 8965:31 October 8552:0804736022 8460:(2): 509. 8305:Cline 1997 8226:16 January 7818:8 February 7796:required.) 7758:required.) 7683:8 February 7659:required.) 7616:8 February 7351:Udías 2003 7188:16 January 7051:9004131566 6752:Höpfl 2004 6680:Coyle 1908 6639:16 January 6484:4 December 6458:4 December 6418:of English 6375:15 October 6337:References 6218:Jesuit Ivy 6203:Bollandist 6000:After the 5970:See also: 5714:Church of 5650:See also: 5523:New France 5479:See also: 5459:hydraulics 5408:barometers 5388:seismology 5334:See also: 5330:In science 5296:Yad Vashem 5273:death camp 5002:Protestant 4759:(Scotland) 4596:in 1838. 4575:Martinique 4469:missionary 4384:South Asia 4341:Statistics 4282:priesthood 4184:Venezuelan 4099:pilgrimage 4051:sabbatical 3995:priesthood 3944:Salvadoran 3868:inner-city 3864:Vatican II 3814:referendum 3810:Sonderbund 3675:, and the 3534:Communists 3507:Freemasons 3496:José Rizal 3488:Recollects 3420:at Manila. 3363:Dominicans 3331:yerba mate 3264:reductions 2920:Dominicans 2854:, and the 2711:(Spanish: 2694:, and USA 2511:Recollects 2498:New France 2479:See also: 2461:Penal Laws 2430:Charles II 2352:Hugh Brady 2320:sacraments 2303:Kilmallock 2271:Tridentine 2232:See also: 2139:and other 2125:philosophy 2049:Portuguese 1995:Xu Guangqi 1889:dictionary 1858:New France 1823:Vietnamese 1755:theocratic 1751:reductions 1735:Indigenous 1677:, reached 1563:missionary 1517:to readers 1480:confessors 1426:Scholastic 1194:evangelize 944:Montmartre 884:Foundation 359:Main organ 208:Generalate 166:Founded at 110:1540-09-27 17289:Dioceses 17186:Education 16835:Communism 16805:Ecumenism 16151:(380–451) 16143:(180–451) 16132:(313–476) 16054:(100–325) 15678:Ursulines 15380:Felicians 15280:Salesians 15034:(OFM Cap) 15032:Capuchins 15009:Basilians 14951:Trappists 14354:Paul Miki 14207:Paul Denn 13650:In German 13542:, Mainz: 12956:2328-5575 12923:(1912). 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Latin: 759:-oo-its, 461:Hierarchy 296:English: 273:Members 267:Worldwide 216:4, 00195 200:(for men) 192:Order of 100:Formation 17203:(Moscow) 16845:HIV/AIDS 16339:Crusades 16093:Irenaeus 16086:Ignatius 16081:Polycarp 15931:Ministry 15919:(30–100) 15793:Timeline 15080:Crosiers 14924:(OPraem) 14901:(O de M) 14798:Alexians 14724:Category 14483:Theology 13921:Archived 13909:Archived 13887:Archived 13867:Archived 13848:Archived 13829:Archived 13817:Archived 13788:Archived 13776:Archived 13691:Schatz. 13685:Schatz. 13679:Schatz. 13673:Schatz. 13558:Archived 13547:Archived 13536:Archived 13525:Archived 13475:25 April 13380:(2003). 13368:Archived 13342:(1985). 13268:(1940). 13211:Archived 13128:(2004). 13106:(2005). 13028:(1960). 12988:Archived 12960:Archived 12581:(2014). 12557:(2007). 12526:(2004). 12514:(1985). 12453:(2010). 12429:(1961). 12287:(1991). 12265:(2003). 12243:(1999). 12221:(eds.). 12151:Archived 12143:"Signum" 12127:23 March 12121:Archived 12095:Archived 12065:Archived 12035:Archived 12005:Archived 11975:Archived 11945:Archived 11915:Archived 11701:, 1989). 11674:Archived 11655:Archived 11631:Archived 11606:Archived 11580:; 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Top: 5205:Jesuit 5176:Gestapo 4567:African 4556:Guaraní 4549:Slavery 4527:biretta 4519:cassock 4431:14,439 4354:Jesuits 4061:at the 4030:America 3824:In the 3733:by the 3719:Prussia 3638:Coimbra 3609:and in 3546:Ateneos 3532:by the 3438:Sarawak 3371:Muslims 3226:Orinoco 3208:Pastaza 3204:Ucayali 2882:colegio 2808:in 1697 2782:Moorish 2778:Mudéjar 2774:Baroque 2703:Ecuador 2692:Midwest 2684:Central 2602:Wyandot 2548:English 2546:to the 2360:Youghal 2356:Clonmel 2250:of the 2246:by the 2240:Ireland 2228:Ireland 2200:Tournon 2121:history 2117:culture 1966:England 1907:Britain 1901:Britain 1879:in the 1877:Mission 1739:slavery 1728:in the 1724:Jesuit 1710:Spanish 1695:Tibetan 1594:alone. 1588:Bolivia 1561:Jesuit 1513:may be 1230:Germany 1206:Ontario 1153:Olomouc 1135:in two 1069:by the 980:Castile 960:Navarre 879:History 858:Jesuit 699:Jesuits 697:or the 431:History 389:.global 380:Website 108: ( 95:Jesuits 40:Jésuite 32:Jesuism 17283:Former 17252:Others 16776:Nazism 16598:to the 16205:Jerome 16115:Origen 15798:Papacy 15519:(RSCJ) 15496:(ODNC) 15490:(OMVF) 15457:(SMIC) 15382:(CSSF) 15356:(FHIC) 15350:(CSST) 15344:(CSIC) 15308:Female 15294:(FSSR) 15265:(CSsR) 15241:(OSFS) 15206:(MSFS) 15194:(MCCI) 15123:(CSSp) 15106:(MFVA) 15052:(CICM) 14959:(OSST) 14953:(OCSO) 14871:(SSCC) 14841:(FDCC) 14835:(OSsS) 14791:female 14716: 14072:Saints 13893:2 July 13707:about 13663: 13645:(2006) 13627:(2009) 13423:(2012) 13365:online 13290: 13278: 13208:online 13140: 13114: 13083: 13064: 13045: 13014: 12954: 12909: 12871: 12832: 12813: 12797: 12786: 12736: 12714: 12682: 12663: 12644: 12617: 12589: 12567: 12543: 12485: 12461: 12439: 12389: 12361: 12342: 12316: 12295: 12273: 12251: 12229: 12204: 12147:Signum 11951:30 May 11856:30 May 11576: 10891: 10866: 10782:"XXXI" 10738: 10695: 10568: 10546:30 May 10185:4 June 10097:30 May 10067:30 May 9974:30 May 9944:30 May 9914:30 May 9883:30 May 9830:1 June 9800:1 June 9769:30 May 9735:31 May 9602:1 June 9498:31 May 9486: 9460:31 May 9429:31 May 9307:31 May 9275: 9224: 9081: 9047: 8767: 8723: 8604: 8549: 8524: 8480: 8472: 8435: 7790: 7752: 7653: 7544: 7488: 7413: 7324: 7316: 7206: 7155: 7102:31 May 7058: 7048: 7001:5 July 6938: 6863: 6707:30 May 6612:15 May 6556:15 May 6432:22 May 6159:Signum 6155:Signum 6127:, and 5630:Indian 5588:Aragon 5444:Harvey 5440:Saturn 5438:, and 5426:, and 5424:optics 5345:Jesuit 5298:, the 5233:, and 5052:, and 4626:Kraków 4406:Europe 4362:Africa 4351:Region 4323:socius 4243:, and 4059:fellow 3804:, the 3763:France 3723:Russia 3623:Tamoio 3465:Butuan 3399:Manila 3391:Manila 3303:Guayrá 3139:Amazon 3068:Potosí 2947:creole 2890:pulque 2878:Puebla 2796:Mexico 2735:gilded 2690:, USA 2682:, USA 2598:Ottawa 2540:Quebec 2521:, and 2475:Canada 2451:, the 2410:Galway 2400:, the 2197:legate 2137:Deists 2123:, and 2107:, and 1999:Euclid 1962:London 1743:Brazil 1612:Loyola 1592:Mexico 1586:, and 1465:Poland 1295:, 1598 1267:Jesuit 1262:rule. 1208:, and 1198:Gospel 1129:Sicily 1077:. The 1067:Venice 1028:socius 994:, and 950:, now 932:Loyola 928:Basque 903:Basque 404:on the 135:Saint 129:Saint 17347:] 17332:] 17320:] 17215:] 17200:] 16878:Islam 16146:Roman 16105:Canon 15978:Peter 15926:Jesus 15680:(OSU) 15674:(SSS) 15668:(sss) 15657:(SPC) 15651:(RSJ) 15620:(RSM) 15568:(RGS) 15531:(SSJ) 15525:(RVM) 15507:(OSC) 15474:(MSC) 15463:(ICM) 15445:(MSC) 15434:(LGC) 15388:(MPF) 15317:(ASC) 15300:(CFX) 15288:(SJM) 15282:(SDB) 15271:(RCJ) 15247:(OFM) 15235:(OMV) 15229:(OMI) 15218:(MSC) 15212:(MOP) 15188:(CAM) 15182:(FMS) 15176:(SSE) 15170:(SVD) 15146:(MIC) 15129:(SSJ) 15117:(CSC) 15100:(CFR) 15094:(OAD) 15088:(FSC) 15082:(OSC) 15070:(CST) 15064:(CMF) 15058:(SSS) 15046:(CDD) 15040:(CFC) 15017:(FDM) 15011:(CSB) 14999:(OSA) 14988:(CRM) 14936:(OSM) 14895:(IVE) 14889:(OFM) 14877:(OCD) 14865:(NDS) 14829:(OSB) 14811:(OAR) 14463:Popes 14010:Magis 13638:2010. 13609:vol 3 13605:vol 2 13469:(PDF) 13462:(PDF) 12991:(PDF) 12980:(PDF) 11913:(1). 11748:(PDF) 11741:(PDF) 10736:JSTOR 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