426:
609:
237:
961:
418:
27:
793:
531:, natural climate change and continuous harassment from nomadic enemies damaged North China's agricultural productivity throughout the 1st millennium AD. Many people settled in South China, where the Jiangnan area's warm and wet climate were ideal for supporting agriculture and allowed highly sophisticated cities to arise. As early as the
515:
during the early 4th century AD that northern
Chinese moved to Jiangnan in significant numbers. The Yellow River valley was becoming barren due to flooding (lack of trees after intensive logging to create farmland) and constant warfare during the
648:
on
Chinese New Year's Day (20 January) of 1368, and a few months later expelled the Mongols from Northern China as well. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming dynasty until the early 15th century, when the third Ming ruler, the
494:
peoples inhabited the area with heavy aquaculture and stilt houses, but became increasingly sinicized through contact with northern
Chinese states. They adopted the Chinese writing system and created excellent bronze swords. The
1261:
With the exclusion of
Yangzhou came the denigration of its dialect, a variant of Jianghuai "Mandarin" (guanhua). The various Wu dialects from the Lake Tai area became the spoken language of choice, to the point of replacing
845:
becomes the more prominent dialect since then. This also made
Yangzhou no longer perceived as part of Jiang Nan by some of the Wu speaking population. In the Jiangnan region itself, multiple subdialects of
334:
535:(circa 2nd century AD), Jiangnan areas became one of the more economically prominent areas of China. Other than rice, Jiangnan produced highly profitable trade products such as tea, silk, and
810:
was a flourishing and prosperous centre of trade, it was considered part of
Jiangnan (south of the river), which was known to be wealthy, even though Yangzhou was north of the
425:
644:. A ten-year rivalry ended with Zhu's capture of Suzhou in 1367; having thus reunified Jiangnan, Zhu proclaimed himself the first emperor of the
1075:
818:'s wealth and prosperity began to wane, it was then considered to be part of Jiangbei (literally "north of the river"), the "backwater".
482:
artifacts. Their economy was based on rice cultivation, fishing and constructed houses on stilts over rivers or lakes. During the
594:
1024:
333:
Jiangnan has long been regarded as one of the most prosperous regions in China due to its wealth in trade and very high
578:. In the 3rd century, many northern Chinese moved here after nomadic groups controlled the north. In the 10th century,
91:
1247:
1200:
769:
110:
63:
1008:
517:
70:
48:
1290:
77:
757:
its capital. The area suffered much damage as the rebellion was quelled and Qing imperial rule restored.
162:
1035:
946:
834:
1285:
1216:
1079:
128:
59:
44:
750:
1137:
355:
37:
972:
1239:
1190:
685:
551:– contributed greatly to local trade and also trade between ancient China and other nations.
1295:
579:
454:
8:
765:
544:
532:
512:
926:- a city well known for its cultural reference in Chinese literature and historic sites.
842:
608:
84:
1280:
1243:
1232:
1196:
838:
822:
796:
746:
742:, was actually the southern terminus of Kangxi's so-called Southern Inspection Tour.
673:
590:
586:
who made a lasting cultural impact on
Jiangnan and its people to this day. After the
524:
467:
435:
397:
In older and non-standard romanization systems, Jiangnan was historically written as
359:
124:
777:
704:
700:
475:
192:
146:
1150:
803:
761:
613:
443:
394:
to refer specifically to the
Yangtze River, which defines the Jiangnan region.
365:
236:
153:
914:– famous for its canals and beautiful architecture such as temples and gardens.
802:
Dialect has also been used as a tool for regional identity and politics in the
780:, the Jiangnan area was the focus of Chinese economic development. Much of the
735:
650:
641:
617:
587:
567:
471:
213:
1234:
Teachers of the inner chambers: women and culture in seventeenth-century China
1173:
1274:
1055:
1050:
731:
693:
689:
629:
371:
263:
176:
784:'s ruling elite and the ROC's economic elite hailed from the Jiangnan area.
715:
712:
709:
867:
863:
830:
826:
661:
645:
633:
625:
598:
528:
483:
479:
199:
601:
government retreated south, establishing the new
Southern Song capital at
1100:
1040:
773:
692:
as long as possible, Jiangnan's gentry offered initial resistance to the
559:
555:
508:
504:
496:
439:
391:
960:
258:
referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the
1029:
847:
781:
575:
487:
447:
417:
338:
1238:(illustrated, annotated ed.). Stanford University Press. p.
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996:
327:
291:
26:
933:
923:
905:
877:
859:
815:
807:
776:, made Nanjing the national capital. From the late 1920s until the
739:
665:
602:
583:
563:
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323:
307:
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to the north, the
Yangtze River to the west, and seaports such as
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917:
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811:
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Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat
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899:
873:
721:
637:
491:
352:
311:
303:
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241:
792:
1045:
1014:
886:– historical capital of China for various periods in history.
681:
500:
387:
275:
255:
554:
Several Chinese dynasties were based in Jiangnan. After the
1076:"Jiangnan: South of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River"
992:
929:
908:– one of the most important financial and economic centres.
315:
478:, from around 2600–2000 BC, created complex and beautiful
676:, which was later divided into the separate provinces of
286:
Province. The most important cities in the area include
902:– a sub-provincial city in northeast Zhejiang province.
837:
in the city and the demographic change eventually made
1121:
1104:
932:– near Suzhou, famous for its beautiful sights of the
511:, China was unified. It was not until the fall of the
628:, Jiangnan was fought for by two major rebel states:
218:
204:
1188:
738:visited the region as well. Jiangnan, specifically
730:), which have been the popular subject of numerous
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1231:
703:of the Qing dynasty made many visits to Jiangnan (
466:The earliest archaeological evidences were of the
850:fought for the position of the prestige dialect.
696:Qing by interrupting tax collection in the area.
1272:
760:After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911, and
523:Although Chinese civilization originated in the
1178:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 122.
753:occupied much of Jiangnan and eventually made
379:
363:
151:
503:) expanded into this area and defeated the
452:
429:
1229:
1167:
1165:
664:first took over China, they renamed the "
409:in English and other European languages.
386:) is now the common Chinese word for any
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
806:and Jiangnan regions. While the city of
791:
787:
751:regime established by the Taiping rebels
607:
424:
416:
235:
1171:
1162:
1149:
582:was a small coastal kingdom founded by
1273:
507:state. After Chu was conquered by the
668:" around the Ming's southern capital
266:. The region encompasses the city of
262:, including the southern part of its
1217:"Recording the Grandeur of the Qing"
955:
734:and television dramas. Earlier, the
341:dialects as their native languages.
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1025:Physiographic macroregions of China
876:- famous city for silk and fish in
833:has resulted in drastic decline of
543:). Convenient transportation – the
274:Province, the southeastern part of
13:
1195:, Simon and Schuster, p. 87,
920:– a city in southeastern Zhejiang.
438:"), the 9th provincial map of the
337:. Most people of the region speak
282:Province and the northern part of
14:
1307:
1153:(1655), "Nanking sive Kiangnan",
853:
666:Southern Directly-Controlled Area
591:completely overran northern China
1009:Apostolic Vicariate of Kiang-nan
991:Historically, Jiangnan exported
959:
616:with a tablet commemorating the
25:
940:
772:(ROC), following the wishes of
518:upheaval of the Five Barbarians
278:Province, the northern part of
36:needs additional citations for
1223:
1209:
1182:
1143:
1130:
1113:
1093:
1068:
726:
390:, it was historically used in
219:
205:
152:
1:
1061:
892:– a prefecture-level city in
624:During the last years of the
558:fell, the insurgent state of
123:For the former province, see
1189:Frederic E. Wakeman (1977),
640:-centered Wu faction led by
636:, based in Nanjing, and the
570:period, Jianye (present-day
566:, was born here. During the
346:
7:
1002:
841:extinct in Yangzhou, while
825:during the transition from
620:'s visit to Nanjing in 1684
10:
1312:
1192:The Fall of Imperial China
1036:Wu Chinese-speaking people
1011:for the missionary history
951:
947:Wu Chinese-speaking people
944:
412:
122:
708:
597:of the 1120s, the exiled
562:took control. Its ruler,
380:
370:, meaning " South of the
364:
351:The name Jiangnan is the
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212:
198:
191:
186:
182:
171:
161:
145:
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136:
129:Jiangnan (disambiguation)
1172:Roberts, Edmund (1837).
745:During the 19th century
688:. Besides assisting the
254:is a geographic area in
18:Geographic area in China
1138:Wade-Giles romanization
653:, moved the capital to
372:[Yangtze] River
270:, the southern part of
177:[Yangtze] River
835:Wu speaking population
799:
621:
463:
461:("New Chinese Atlas").
453:
430:
422:
248:
127:. For other uses, see
795:
788:Geographical identity
727:Qiánlóng Xià Jiāngnán
686:Viceroy of Liangjiang
611:
574:) was the capital of
431:Nanking sive Kiangnan
428:
420:
239:
1155:Novus Atlas Sinensis
455:Novus Atlas Sinensis
45:improve this article
1291:Yangtze River Delta
1230:Dorothy Ko (1994).
766:Northern Expedition
533:Eastern Han dynasty
513:Western Jin dynasty
421:Village in Jiangnan
971:. You can help by
843:Jianghuai Mandarin
800:
622:
499:from the west (in
464:
423:
249:
989:
988:
839:Taihu Wu dialects
823:Yangzhou massacre
821:In Yangzhou, the
770:Republic of China
747:Taiping Rebellion
674:Jiangnan Province
525:North China Plain
362:pronunciation of
360:Standard Mandarin
335:human development
234:
233:
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193:Standard Mandarin
125:Jiangnan Province
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1078:. Archived from
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1032:(language group)
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963:
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778:Second World War
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701:Qianlong Emperor
684:overseen by the
539:porcelain (from
476:Liangzhu culture
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762:Chiang Kai-shek
472:Hemudu cultures
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444:Martino Martini
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392:Ancient Chinese
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172:Literal meaning
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854:Notable cities
852:
789:
786:
736:Kangxi Emperor
732:Chinese operas
651:Yongle Emperor
642:Zhang Shicheng
618:Kangxi Emperor
614:stone tortoise
568:Three Kingdoms
440:Chinese Empire
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1101:"江南 Jiāngnán"
1096:
1082:on 2017-02-25
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1056:Yangtze Delta
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1051:Wuyue culture
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812:Yangtze River
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690:Southern Ming
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630:Zhu Yuanzhang
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101:November 2008
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
16:
1260:
1255:23 September
1253:. Retrieved
1233:
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1211:
1191:
1184:
1174:
1154:
1145:
1132:
1122:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1070:
990:
977:
973:adding to it
968:
941:Demographics
936:and culture.
868:Song dynasty
831:Qing dynasty
820:
801:
759:
744:
725:
698:
672:to be their
662:Qing dynasty
659:
646:Ming dynasty
634:Ming faction
626:Yuan dynasty
623:
599:Song dynasty
595:Jin–Song war
553:
529:Yellow River
522:
484:Zhou dynasty
474:. The later
465:
406:
402:
398:
396:
375:
374:". Although
356:romanization
350:
343:
332:
251:
250:
200:Hanyu Pinyin
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
15:
1296:Wu (region)
1120:"江 jiāng",
1041:Wu (region)
862:– historic
774:Sun Yat-sen
556:Qin dynasty
545:Grand Canal
527:around the
470:and of the
388:large river
1275:Categories
1262:guanhua...
1157:(in Latin)
1086:2016-02-20
1062:References
1030:Wu Chinese
782:Kuomintang
605:in 1127.
576:Eastern Wu
448:Joan Blaeu
399:Chiang-nan
339:Wu Chinese
220:Chiang-nan
214:Wade–Giles
71:newspapers
60:"Jiangnan"
997:green tea
896:province.
880:province.
797:Shizi Lin
660:When the
509:Qin state
497:Chu state
468:Majiabang
407:Keang-nan
347:Etymology
328:Zhenjiang
292:Changzhou
1281:Jiangnan
1123:Zdic.net
1106:Zdic.net
1003:See also
934:Lake Tai
924:Yangzhou
906:Shanghai
878:Zhejiang
860:Hangzhou
816:Yangzhou
808:Yangzhou
804:Jiangbei
740:Shaoxing
603:Hangzhou
584:Qian Liu
564:Xiang Yu
549:Yangzhou
450:'s 1655
436:Jiangnan
403:Kiangnan
324:Yangzhou
308:Shaoxing
296:Hangzhou
284:Zhejiang
268:Shanghai
252:Jiangnan
206:Jiāngnán
167:Kiangnan
137:Jiangnan
1020:Lingnan
952:Economy
918:Wenzhou
894:Jiangsu
890:Nantong
884:Nanjing
864:capital
814:. Once
755:Nanjing
705:Chinese
678:Jiangsu
670:Nanjing
655:Beijing
593:in the
588:Jurchen
572:Nanjing
541:Shangyu
537:celadon
413:History
358:of the
320:Wenzhou
300:Nanjing
280:Jiangxi
272:Jiangsu
246:Jiangsu
147:Chinese
85:scholar
1246:
1199:
912:Suzhou
900:Ningbo
874:Huzhou
768:, the
749:, the
724::
722:pinyin
707::
694:Manchu
638:Suzhou
492:Baiyue
486:, the
405:, and
353:pinyin
312:Suzhou
304:Ningbo
288:Anqing
242:Suzhou
163:Postal
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1046:Wuyue
1015:Henan
682:Anhui
580:Wuyue
501:Hubei
376:jiang
276:Anhui
264:delta
256:China
92:JSTOR
78:books
1257:2011
1244:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1136:Cf.
995:and
993:silk
930:Wuxi
827:Ming
699:The
680:and
490:and
480:jade
446:and
326:and
316:Wuxi
64:news
975:.
866:of
829:to
764:'s
632:'s
560:Chu
505:Yue
442:in
47:by
1277::
1259:.
1242:.
1240:21
1164:^
1103:,
999:.
848:Wu
720:;
718:江南
657:.
612:A
520:.
488:Wu
401:,
366:江南
330:.
322:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
244:,
154:江南
1219:.
1206:.
1159:.
1140:.
1127:.
1110:.
1089:.
982:)
978:(
870:.
716:下
713:隆
710:乾
382:江
378:(
131:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
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