698:(SYL) to remove their flag, as they had declared both the party and its emblem as unlawful. The SYL defied this directive, leading to the flag being machine-gunned by an armored vehicle. This event escalated following the killing of a police officer after a grenade was thrown of the roof of the SYL headquarters. The police responded by firing into a crowd of protesters killing 25. Following this incident, Ethiopian administration resumed in Jijiga for the first time in 13 years. Then, on 23 September 1948, following the withdrawal of British forces and the appointment of Ethiopian district commissioners, areas east of Jijiga were placed under Ethiopian governance for the first time in history.
2871:
313:
187:
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132:
154:
112:
220:
707:
103:
1365:, and the inevitable sacred tree in every compound, trees in this area of the Somali region reach great heights with the help of generous rainfall year-round, the native Somalis in the area would use this area as a dry season grazing land for all the noble tribes of the land. The city is surrounded by rocky tall green mountains on all sides save the north all the way past nearby Harar all the way to Addis, which is open as far as the eye can see."
293:
801:
123:
227:
194:
161:
92:
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imperial elite revolted against him. After Lij Lyasu's overthrowal and the subsequent tensions in the town, the Somali population abandoned
Jigjiga, leaving behind only Amhara settlers, who were mostly soldiers. Due to widespread Somali hostility in the Ogaden, the town marked the effective boundary
1846:
It appears that for years past the
Abyssinians have pressed forward from their own country beyond Gildessa and Harar, and have established a fort at Jig-Jiga, which they sometimes garrison and whence they raid the neighbourhood, but which at other times they abandon. They have firearms, whilst the
1360:
describes Jijiga as sitting "on the edge of a vast, unmitigated valley on the bottom of Mount
Kramanda the beginning of the mighty Ethiopian highlands, with vast lush greenery in sight, rolling hills and plains dotted with many farms in all directions the soaring Eastern Ethiopian Highlands slowly
543:
continued his campaign of indiscriminate raiding and attacks against the
Somalis of the Ogaden region between 1890 and 1899, Somali clans residing in the plains of Jigjiga were in particular targeted. The escalating frequency and violence of the raids resulted in Somalis consolidating behind the
559:
until 1900. An imperial garrison was established at Jijiga in 1891, which later became a base for
Ethiopian military campaigns into the Somali-inhabited lowlands. British hunter Colonel Swayne, who passed through Jijiga in February 1893, where he described seeing stockaded fort with a garrison.
1336:
The vegetation is a grassland from the east and south of the city towards wajaale, with
Pockets of juipars and gum forest in higher altitudes in the northern and western part of the city, there is extensive history of animal life in the past. For example, the area was earlier a habitat for the
657:
that followed the attempt on
Graziani's life 19 February 1937. During Italian rule of the city, mosques were built by the new rulers Under the rule of the Ethiopian Empire, the construction of mosques had been stifled. Under Italian rule, Islam was given official recognition by the new ruling
538:
region. During the
Abyssinian invasion of Harar, much of the population and the cities Islamic scholars were massacred. As a consequence of this some scholars moved to the town of Jigjiga, and from a Somali perspective Jigjiga then replaced Harar as a center for Islamic learning. As Emperor
942:
The results of the 1994 census in the Somali Region were not satisfactory, so the census was repeated in 1997. This census reported this town had a total population of 65,795 of whom 33,266 were male and 32,529 female. The predominant religion in this city Jijiga is
991:). extremely wet and lush during rainy season, as with the rest of the Ethiopian highlands, Seasonal differences relate only to rainfall, as temperatures year-round are cool to mild in the mornings and uniformly very warm though not hot during the afternoons.
690:, which had been in control of the Ogaden since WWII, commenced a withdrawal. This transition saw the replacement of British officials with Ethiopian counterparts between May and July of that year in a significant handover process. In the town of
756:
The
Regional government held a conference in this city to promote peace and development between 10 and 13 March 1996, which was attended by 535 from the local woredas, as well as the Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister of Ethiopia,
649:'s headquarters and a supply center for the Ethiopian army. An Italian force under Colonel Navarra occupied the city on the evening of 5 May 1936. Two days later, while inspecting a ruined Ethiopian Orthodox church in the city, Marshal
2298:
1943:
In 1900 his daring attack on the new
Ethiopian fort at Jijiga greatly shook the Ethiopians. Large scale Anglo-Ethiopian operations in 1901 against the dervish followers of the Poor Man of God accomplished
599:
fighters had begun its activities in the region. The Ethiopian control in the Ogaden at the start of the 20th century was tenuous as administrators and military personnel only resided in Jijiga and
816:
in the town and the vicinity. The flooding killed 29 people and displaced 350 households. On 27 September of that year, a bomb exploded outside a hotel in Jijiga killing four and wounding 20.
564:
was appointed governor of Jigjiga in 1896, this would be the emergence of Jigjiga's urban development. In this period Abyssinian settlers began arriving in the town from nearby garrisons.
653:
fell into a concealed hole, which he was afterwards convinced was a mantrap; Anthony Mockler suggests this mishap contributed to his murderously paranoid mindset which led to
560:
During 1895, it was observed that the fort set up in the town was often abandoned by the Abyssinians, who usually occupied it to carry out raids on the Somalis of the Ogaden.
721:, served as governor over Jijiga in 1959. He had been transferred there for his civic responsibility and concern for the underprivileged while administering a district in
567:
During early 1900, Abyssinian troops began a permanent occupation of the town with the construction of a military fort in the outskirts. Subsequently, the anti-colonial
515:, as it was occupied by organized Somali communities. Independent historical accounts are unanimous that previous to the penetration into the region in the late 1880s,
790:
534:
and soon after announced a programme of ambitious expansion and colonialism to the European powers. This marked the start of a tentative yet violent invasion into the
631:, had the town methodically organized in a square grid of streets, built a fort, dug several wells, encouraged agriculture, and set a fixed land tax. Actions which
2848:
778:
730:
2030:
3149:
2326:
3376:
2404:
3424:
789:), Jijiga and Degehabur were the scenes of attacks on civilians and government officials. At least 16 people were killed and 67 injured, including
2223:
2826:
809:
2512:
725:. The obstruction he encountered, not only in Sidamo but in Jijiga, convinced him of the need for radical measures. In the early stage of the
3023:
2980:
891:
of Ethiopia (CSA), Jijiga had a total population of 203,588 of whom 109,138 were men and 94,450 women. Ethnic groups in the city include the
3404:
3313:
2932:
2841:
2540:
687:
3013:
2322:
555:
As the Ethiopian Empire began expanding into Somali territories at the start of the 1890s, the town of Jigjiga came under intermittent
3521:
1621:"Extract Report on the Probable Geographical Position of Harrar; With Some Information Relative to the Various Tribes in the Vicinity"
255:
3497:
3366:
2235:
1625:
458:, the city has an elevation of 1,634 metres above sea level. Jigjiga is traditionally the seat of the Bartire Garad Wiil-Waal of the
3119:
2947:
2922:
186:
2834:
580:
572:
549:
141:
From left: Dusk view of Jijiga; Outskirt of Jijiga; Metropolis of Jijiga; Jigjiga's camel transportation; Sayyid Mohammed Statue
2881:
583:
Dervish attack greatly shook the Ethiopians, and resulted in them coordinating large scale joint military operations with the
3565:
2352:
2147:
2137:
2120:
2110:
2040:
2010:
2000:
1983:
1885:. Corne de l'Afrique contemporaine / Contemporary Horn of Africa. Centre français des études éthiopiennes. pp. 345–354.
1773:
1745:
1720:
1693:
888:
1847:
Somalis are, under our rule, not permitted to import them, so that the conflict is unequal and the Abyssinians are detested.
2549:
671:
587:
against the Somalis fighters. Governor Tahir set up a native security forces to protect the town which consisted mainly of
907:(4,379, 2.15%); all other groups made up 2.48% of the total population. Members of Somali clans in this city include the
2083:
679:
1006:, is cooler by morning than the wet seasons due to lower cloud cover, but equally hot by afternoon though less humid.
793:, president of the Somali Region, who was speaking at the ceremony. The Ethiopian government blamed the attack on the
2428:
1890:
1426:
1397:
2533:
2450:
1836:
794:
2211:
1956:
984:
153:
742:
2856:
2376:
967:; all other ethnic groups made up 1.99% of the population. This city is the largest in the whole Somali region.
618:
During the summer of 1916, Lysau travelled to Jigjiga to organize an army of Somali fighters to follow him in a
2488:
635:
claims won the hearts of the Ogaden Somalis. During the 1920s and 1930s, Somalis began returning to the town.
658:
administration and mosques were constructed in Jigjiga. Arabic was also introduced in the schools set up for
632:
628:
1862:
Perishable state-making: Vegetable trade betweenself-governance and ethnic entitlement in Jigjiga,Ethiopia
1818:
Perishable state-making: Vegetable trade betweenself-governance and ethnic entitlement in Jigjiga,Ethiopia
219:
3333:
2526:
2398:
817:
579:
several to free livestock that had been looted from the local population during Abyssinian raids. Sayid
2280:
2257:
746:
639:
477:
One of the earliest references to Jijiga comes from W.C. Barker in 1842 who mentions it as one of the
2857:
615:
596:
568:
545:
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2248:
3104:
576:
1860:
1816:
3114:
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17:
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821:
683:
498:
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3139:
1794:
2238:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, US State Department (accessed 8 July 2009)
8:
3207:
2861:
1882:
Urban Planning and the Contemporary Dynamics of Land Formalization in the City of Jigjiga
750:
718:
695:
659:
556:
501:
in 1854, who reports that it was a centre of wells for pastoralists of the local Somali (
305:
2032:
Somali Nationalism: International Politics and the Drive for Unity in the Horn of Africa
3202:
2358:
1710:
1603:
1554:
1515:
1476:
1468:
896:
782:
1958:
Proceedings of the Fourth Seminar of the Department of History (Awasa, 8-12 July 1987)
1496:"The Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF): The Dilemma of Its Struggle in Ethiopia"
1390:
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2461:
2453:
2424:
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2199:
2143:
2116:
2036:
2006:
1979:
1934:
1886:
1769:
1741:
1716:
1689:
1607:
1595:
1546:
1507:
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1460:
1350:
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324:
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1973:
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climbing west, the very common tall grassland tree used as shelter by the wandering
131:
3507:
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3285:
3129:
3018:
2907:
2790:
1585:
1452:
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1338:
738:
686:. This was after the Italian garrison had already abandoned the city. In 1948, the
650:
520:
427:
406:
1880:
1590:
1573:
3560:
3487:
3477:
3444:
3429:
3280:
3197:
3134:
3099:
3028:
2645:
2408:
2294:
1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Somali Region, Vol. 1
2202:
UNDP Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia report, April 1996 (accessed 26 December 2008)
1456:
980:
722:
646:
419:
45:
3482:
3472:
3419:
3386:
3371:
3323:
3275:
3222:
3182:
3144:
3003:
2897:
2680:
2580:
1975:
Conflict and peace in the Horn of Africa : federalism and its alternatives
1685:
Conflict and peace in the Horn of Africa : federalism and its alternatives
1441:"Alliteration and scansion in Somali oral poetry and their cultural correlates"
584:
561:
509:. During the pre-colonial era the Ogaden was neither under Ethiopian rule, nor
466:
54:
610:
had a close relationship with the Muslim Somalis. In Jigjiga he built several
111:
3554:
3536:
3523:
3434:
3396:
3356:
2965:
2902:
2865:
2775:
1938:
1599:
1574:"Geopolitical boundaries and urban borderlands in an Ethiopian frontier city"
1550:
1511:
1464:
1382:
1357:
1203:
1013:
Climate data for Jijiga, elevation 1,644 m (5,394 ft), (1971–2000)
960:
952:
924:
892:
872:
852:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
714:
592:
510:
502:
494:
446:. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from
439:
317:
270:
257:
2498:
3328:
3250:
3212:
3056:
3046:
2998:
2655:
2650:
2625:
2480:
956:
900:
862:
733:
put the local governor under house arrest around 13 April 1974. During the
675:
516:
77:
2474:
2465:
3381:
3237:
3187:
3154:
2770:
2750:
2660:
2615:
2565:
1572:
Thompson, Daniel K.; Mohamoud, Kader; Mahamed, Jemal Yusuf (2021-09-20).
920:
2444:
2273:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
2250:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census
2200:
Report on the Peace and Development Conference Jigjiga, 10-13 March 1996
1922:
1558:
1534:
1519:
1495:
1472:
1440:
706:
3459:
3348:
3338:
3300:
3169:
3159:
3124:
3091:
2990:
2957:
2889:
2795:
2585:
1789:
1620:
734:
654:
540:
527:
451:
329:
1427:"Partitioned Africans: Ethnic Relations Across Africa's International"
102:
3414:
3308:
3270:
3255:
3038:
2937:
2755:
2690:
2670:
2665:
2610:
2518:
964:
936:
932:
928:
643:
607:
397:
800:
519:
were free of residing in the Ogaden were free of the control of the
3318:
3227:
3217:
3071:
3051:
3008:
2975:
2630:
1535:"Maxamad Cabdille Xasan of Somalia: The Search for the Real Mullah"
443:
298:
2344:
Love and Liberation: Humanitarian Work in Ethiopia's Somali Region
3467:
3439:
3192:
3177:
3109:
3066:
2917:
2912:
2810:
2780:
2760:
2735:
2730:
2570:
1841:
976:
948:
908:
842:
627:
of imperial presence in the region. Succeeding governors such as
588:
506:
459:
455:
122:
2457:
3409:
3081:
3076:
2800:
2785:
2765:
2720:
2715:
2700:
2675:
2640:
2635:
2595:
1868:. Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS). p. 5.
916:
912:
904:
813:
611:
606:
After reportedly adopting the Islamic faith, uncrowned Emperor
535:
490:
462:
402:
63:
3361:
2942:
2815:
2745:
2725:
2685:
2600:
2590:
2560:
1362:
944:
623:
619:
600:
531:
486:
482:
342:
2170:
2168:
947:. As of 1997, the ethnic composition of the town was 61.58%
3061:
2805:
2710:
2705:
2605:
2575:
786:
726:
447:
2086:
The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 31 May 2008)
1651:
454:
with 70 km (37 mi) west of the border with
2165:
1398:"Population and Housing Census 2007 – Somali Statistical"
91:
1663:
820:
apprehended a suspect whom they claimed was a member of
2190:, 2nd edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), p. 213
1571:
2071:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University, 1968), p. 621
2049:
1908:
The Modern History of Somaliland: From Nation to State
622:
against the Christians. When he left for Jigjiga, the
2379:. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations
931:, with a minor presence of some other clans like the
779:
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Regions
2421:
Notes from the Hyena's Belly: An Ethiopian Childhood
1824:. Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS).
1708:
1372:
1709:Abdullahi (Baadiyow), Abdurahman M. (2015-04-30).
1002:rains in April and June. The dry season, known as
998:rains occur from July to September, and the short
749:division led by Col. Yusuf Dheere, later with the
497:). Jijiga was later mentioned by British traveler
1715:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 45.
753:, from September 1977 until February/March 1978.
3552:
2515:by John Graham (Addis Tribune, 28 December 2001)
1766:Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa
694:, incoming Ethiopian authorities instructed the
2325:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1971:
1681:
808:On 29 May 2008, following a heavy downpour the
577:attacked the Ethiopian forces occupying Jigjiga
481:or halting-places of the caravan route between
2005:. Frank Cass & Company. pp. 130–131.
2842:
2534:
1735:
2331:Tables 2.4, 2.14 (accessed 10 January 2009).
1961:. Addis Ababa University. 1989. p. 158.
1438:
781:. On 28 May 2007, during the celebration of
2099:(New York: Olive Branch, 2003), p. 144
1768:. Cambridge University Press. p. 183.
1736:Laitin, David D.; Samatar, Said S. (1987).
2849:
2835:
2541:
2527:
2472:
2304:. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19
2226:, UN-OCHA website (accessed 19 March 2009)
2135:
2108:
2079:
2077:
1998:
1978:. Dartmouth: Aldershot. pp. 105–106.
1920:
1878:
1688:. Dartmouth: Aldershot. pp. 105–106.
1669:
1657:
887:Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the
530:invaded and conquered the ancient city of
2142:. Frank Cass & Company. p. 137.
2115:. Frank Cass & Company. p. 137.
1972:Woodward, Peter; Forsyth, Murray (1994).
1682:Woodward, Peter; Forsyth, Murray (1994).
1626:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society
1589:
1493:
717:, one of the leaders of the unsuccessful
2442:
2174:
2055:
2035:. Harvard University Press. p. 74.
1349:at present in the local area, due to an
804:Historic Fooq Dheere building in Jijiga.
799:
705:
2340:
2188:A History of Modern Ethiopia: 1855-1991
2074:
1858:
1814:
1759:
1757:
1532:
14:
3553:
2882:List of districts in the Somali Region
2548:
2402:, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
2321:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2028:
1763:
1642:
994:There are two rainy seasons: the main
2830:
2522:
2236:"2008 Human Rights Reports: Ethiopia"
2024:
2022:
1905:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1740:. Avalon Publishing. pp. 54–57.
1754:
1738:Somalia: Nation In Search Of A State
812:broke its banks and flooded several
614:and sent military aid to the Somali
526:In 1887, the Ethiopian Empire under
2369:
1965:
1729:
1647:. Tylston and Edwards. p. 192.
1500:Review of African Political Economy
1445:Journal of African Cultural Studies
575:had its first major battle when it
24:
2400:Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus
2224:"Focus On Ethiopia, February 2008"
2019:
1801:
1675:
206:Location within the Horn of Africa
29:Capital of Somali Region, Ethiopia
25:
3577:
2506:
2136:Trimingham, John Spencer (1965).
2109:Trimingham, John Spencer (1965).
1999:Trimingham, John Spencer (1965).
1879:Emmenegger, Rony (22 June 2023).
1798:, 2 (September 1893), p. 251
785:(celebrating the downfall of the
642:, Jijiga served for some time as
2869:
2423:(New York: Picador,2000), p. 5.
1375:
1356:In his memoirs of his homeland,
1345:, although this canid is likely
835:Ethnic groups of Jigjiga (2007)
795:Ogaden National Liberation Front
773:states and representatives from
311:
291:
225:
218:
192:
185:
159:
152:
130:
121:
110:
101:
90:
32:Capital city in Somali, Ethiopia
2436:
2413:
2391:
2334:
2287:
2264:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2212:Many killed in Ethiopia attacks
2205:
2193:
2180:
2156:
2129:
2102:
2089:
2061:
1992:
1949:
1927:Transafrican Journal of History
1914:
1899:
1872:
1852:
1844:. 24 August 1895. p. 247.
1828:
1782:
1712:The Islamic Movement in Somalia
1702:
827:
743:Western Somali Liberation Front
688:British Military Administration
505:) clan on the caravan route to
1921:BeaureGard, Erving E. (1976).
1645:First Footsteps in East Africa
1636:
1614:
1565:
1526:
1487:
1432:
1419:
226:
193:
160:
13:
1:
1591:10.1080/02723638.2021.1979285
985:Köppen climate classification
678:, Jijiga was occupied by the
670:On 17 March 1941, during the
3566:Cities and towns in Ethiopia
2347:. Cornell University Press.
2069:Economic History of Ethiopia
1457:10.1080/13696815.2011.581456
981:subtropical highland climate
629:Tekle Hawariat Tekle Mariyam
489:within the Somali inhabited
355:1,634 m (5,361 ft)
7:
2377:"CLIMWAT climatic database"
1910:. F.A. Praeger. p. 71.
1494:Abdullahi, Abdi M. (2007).
1439:Andrzejewski, B.W. (2011).
1132:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1062:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
701:
384:1,456/km (3,770/sq mi)
373: • Estimate
10:
3582:
3266:Kebri Dahar special woreda
3140:Kebri Beyah special woreda
2513:Cities of Ethiopia: Jijiga
2473:FitzGibbon, Louis (1985).
2281:Central Statistical Agency
2258:Central Statistical Agency
2084:"Local History in Ethiopia
1923:"Menelik II: Another Look"
1405:Ethiopia Statistics Agency
1351:expanding human population
1331:
1323:
1012:
970:
889:Central Statistical Agency
747:Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi
729:individual units from the
665:
640:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
472:
209:Show map of Horn of Africa
3458:
3395:
3347:
3299:
3236:
3168:
3090:
3037:
2989:
2956:
2888:
2879:
2556:
2451:Frederick A. Praeger Inc.
2283:. 2008. pp. 106–108.
2260:. 2008. pp. 106–108.
1539:Northeast African Studies
1533:Samatar, Said S. (1979).
1275:
1201:
1131:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
737:, Jijiga experienced the
548:under the lead of Sayyid
438:) is the capital city of
431:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
359:
351:
340:
335:
323:
304:
286:
251:
146:
84:
75:
37:
2397:C. Michael Hogan. 2009.
2341:Carruth, Lauren (2021).
1790:"A Trip to Harar and Imé
1643:Burton, Richard (1894).
1368:
791:Abdulahi Hassan Mohammed
765:, the presidents of the
761:, the Foreign Minister,
741:and was occupied by the
173:Location within Ethiopia
2443:Drysdale, John (1964).
2029:Touval, Saadia (1963).
573:Mohamed Abdullah Hassan
550:Mohamed Abdullah Hassan
2162:Mockler, pp. 365f
1764:Martin, B. G. (2003).
822:Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
805:
711:
499:Richard Francis Burton
423:
347:AbdiHakiim HadiS Dahir
239:Location within Africa
3155:Wajale special woreda
803:
709:
680:23rd Nigerian Brigade
672:East African Campaign
660:Italian East Africa's
467:International airport
2363:10.7591/j.ctv1gbrwvc
2097:Haile Selassie's War
1795:Geographical Journal
903:(8,775, 4.31%), and
751:Somali National Army
727:Ethiopian Revolution
684:1st African Division
469:is named after him.
381: • Density
176:Show map of Ethiopia
3533: /
3435:Gode special woreda
2067:Richard Pankhurst,
1906:Lewis, I.M (1965).
1859:Gebresenbet, Fana.
1815:Gebresenbet, Fana.
1633:(1842), p. 244
895:(168,551, 82.79%),
881: Other (2.48%)
696:Somali Youth League
557:military occupation
267: /
2550:Cities of Ethiopia
2446:The Somali Dispute
2407:2010-12-09 at the
806:
712:
365: • Total
242:Show map of Africa
3516:
3515:
2824:
2823:
2354:978-1-5017-5966-6
2149:978-0-7146-1731-2
2139:Islam in Ethiopia
2122:978-0-7146-1731-2
2112:Islam in Ethiopia
2095:Anthony Mockler,
2042:978-0-674-59435-7
2012:978-0-7146-1731-2
2002:Islam in Ethiopia
1985:978-1-85521-486-6
1788:H. G. C. Swayne,
1775:978-0-521-53451-2
1747:978-0-86531-555-6
1722:978-1-912234-03-5
1695:978-1-85521-486-6
1660:, pp. 33–34.
1429:, (1985), p. 173
1328:
1327:
1278:relative humidity
899:(16,837, 8.27%),
662:Muslim subjects.
633:Richard Pankhurst
616:Dervish movement.
450:. Located in the
413:
412:
16:(Redirected from
3573:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:9.350°N 42.800°E
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3377:Hararey/Xaraarey
2874:
2873:
2872:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2827:
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2520:
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2178:
2177:, p. 70-71.
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2100:
2093:
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2017:
2016:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1953:
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1918:
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1911:
1903:
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1506:(113): 556–562.
1491:
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1378:
1339:African wild dog
1010:
1009:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
739:Battle of Jijiga
710:Jijiga at night.
651:Rodolfo Graziani
569:Dervish Movement
546:Dervish movement
521:Ethiopian Empire
433:
316:
315:
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271:9.350°N 42.800°E
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2476:The Evaded Duty
2439:
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2419:Nega Mezlekia,
2418:
2414:
2409:Wayback Machine
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2013:
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1986:
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1966:
1955:
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1950:
1919:
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1900:
1893:
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1670:FitzGibbon 1985
1668:
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1658:FitzGibbon 1985
1656:
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1578:Urban Geography
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1116:
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1101:
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1076:
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1066:
979:of Jijiga is a
973:
927:subclan of the
885:
884:
883:
882:
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876:
868:
866:
858:
856:
848:
846:
838:
830:
771:Harari Regional
723:Sidamo Province
704:
682:of the British
668:
647:Nasibu Emmanual
475:
312:
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292:
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275:
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3276:Laas-dhankayre
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3223:Misraq Gashamo
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2507:External links
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731:Third Division
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655:the atrocities
585:British Empire
562:Abdullah Tahir
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3397:Shabelle Zone
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3145:Qooraan/Mulla
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2866:Somali Region
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2776:Negele Borana
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2429:0-312-28914-6
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2196:
2189:
2186:Bahru Zewde,
2183:
2176:
2175:Drysdale 1964
2171:
2169:
2159:
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2145:
2141:
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2118:
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2113:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2058:, p. 56.
2057:
2056:Drysdale 1964
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493:(present day
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276:9.350; 42.800
252:Coordinates:
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27:
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3329:Goro Bekeksa
3251:Ceel-Ogadeen
3057:Mayaa-muluqo
2740:
2656:Debre Marqos
2651:Debre Berhan
2626:Bale Hawassa
2481:Rex Collings
2475:
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1409:. Retrieved
1404:
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1342:
1335:
1324:Source: FAO
1206:mm (inches)
1003:
999:
995:
993:
988:
974:
963:, and 1.48%
941:
886:
834:
828:Demographics
818:Local police
810:Jijiga River
807:
755:
713:
691:
676:World War II
669:
637:
605:
566:
554:
525:
517:Somali clans
511:
478:
476:
435:
415:
414:
78:Capital city
26:
3540: /
3382:Hora-shagax
3238:Korahe Zone
3208:Dhagaxmadow
3188:Bilcil buur
3024:Lehel-Yucub
2981:Qadhaadhumo
2771:Negele Arsi
2751:Kebri Dahar
2661:Debre Tabor
2566:Addis Ababa
925:Sa'ad Musa
921:Geri Koombe
638:During the
274: /
3555:Categories
3460:Sitti Zone
3405:Abaaqoorow
3349:Nogob Zone
3339:Kersa Dula
3334:Guradamole
3314:Deka Softi
3301:Liben Zone
3170:Jarar Zone
3160:Tuli Guled
3125:Haroorayso
3092:Fafan Zone
2991:Dollo Zone
2958:Dhawa Zone
2933:Iligdheere
2890:Afder Zone
2796:Shashamane
2586:Arba Minch
2490:0860362094
2479:. London:
2308:2009-03-23
1347:extirpated
959:and 4.37%
923:, and the
735:Ogaden War
541:Menelik II
528:Menelik II
452:Fafan Zone
360:Population
336:Government
3415:Beercaano
3309:Bokolmayo
3271:Kudunbuur
3256:Debeweyin
3203:Degehabur
3150:Shabeeley
3039:Erer Zone
3014:Gal-Hamur
2938:Mirab Imi
2756:Kombolcha
2691:Dire Dawa
2671:Dembidolo
2666:Degehabur
2611:Bahir Dar
1939:0251-0391
1608:240579618
1600:0272-3638
1551:0740-9133
1512:0305-6244
1481:143338197
1465:1369-6815
1425:Asiwaju,
951:, 23.25%
937:Sheekhaal
933:Gadabursi
929:Habr Awal
783:Ginbot 20
719:1960 coup
644:Dejazmach
608:Lij Iyasu
398:Time zone
392:estimated
352:Elevation
3450:Mustahil
3319:Dolo Odo
3261:Higloley
3246:Boodaley
3228:Yoocaale
3218:Gunagado
3072:Waangaay
3052:Lagahida
3009:Daratole
2976:Mubaarak
2928:Hargelle
2631:Bishoftu
2499:15018961
2458:64-13122
2405:Archived
2317:cite web
1559:43660350
1520:20406430
1473:41428140
1276:Average
1271:(30.35)
1202:Average
965:Tigrayan
955:, 7.32%
845:(82.79%)
777:and the
702:Handover
581:Mohameds
444:Ethiopia
299:Ethiopia
51:Jijjiga
42:Jigjiga
3528:42°48′E
3525:09°21′N
3508:Shinile
3498:Gablalu
3468:Adigala
3440:Imiberi
3367:Elweyne
3291:Shilavo
3286:Shekosh
3193:Bir-qod
3178:Araarso
3130:Harshin
3110:Goljano
3105:Babille
3067:Salahad
3019:Geladin
2918:Elekere
2913:Dolobay
2908:Chereti
2864:of the
2862:Woredas
2811:Weldiya
2781:Nekemte
2761:Mekelle
2736:Irgalem
2731:Hosaena
2696:Gambela
2621:Bedessa
2571:Adigrat
2383:24 June
1944:little.
1842:Longman
1332:Ecology
1266:(0.35)
1261:(0.75)
1256:(1.97)
1251:(4.37)
1246:(5.47)
1241:(3.07)
1236:(2.28)
1231:(4.06)
1226:(4.49)
1221:(1.97)
1216:(1.22)
1211:(0.35)
1197:(53.8)
1192:(45.7)
1187:(46.4)
1182:(51.8)
1177:(59.0)
1172:(59.7)
1167:(60.1)
1162:(60.1)
1157:(57.9)
1152:(56.3)
1147:(54.1)
1142:(50.2)
1137:(43.9)
1127:(80.4)
1122:(79.7)
1117:(80.8)
1112:(81.0)
1107:(79.3)
1102:(78.6)
1097:(78.3)
1092:(79.7)
1087:(81.5)
1082:(80.1)
1077:(83.8)
1072:(81.5)
1067:(79.9)
977:climate
971:Climate
909:Jidwaaq
875:(2.15%)
865:(4.31%)
855:(8.27%)
814:kebeles
666:British
612:mosques
597:Dervish
595:as the
589:Somalis
507:Berbera
479:mahalla
473:History
460:Jidwaaq
456:Somalia
428:Amharic
424:Jigjiga
376:483,000
368:203,588
287:Country
262:42°48′E
60:جيجيجا
18:Jigjiga
3561:Jijiga
3488:Dambel
3478:Ayesha
3445:Kelafo
3430:Ferfer
3410:Adadle
3281:Marsin
3198:Daroor
3183:Awaare
3135:Jijiga
3120:Harawo
3115:Gursum
3100:Awbare
3082:Yaxoob
3077:Xamaro
3029:Warder
2971:Moyale
2948:Qooxle
2923:GodGod
2801:Tebela
2791:Shanto
2786:Sebeta
2766:Moyale
2741:Jijiga
2721:Gununo
2716:Gondar
2701:Gesuba
2676:Dessie
2641:Boditi
2636:Bitena
2596:Asella
2497:
2487:
2466:467147
2464:
2456:
2427:
2361:
2351:
2146:
2119:
2039:
2009:
1982:
1937:
1889:
1772:
1744:
1719:
1692:
1606:
1598:
1557:
1549:
1518:
1510:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1411:31 May
1407:. 2007
1018:Month
961:Gurage
953:Amhara
949:Somali
945:Muslim
917:Ogaden
913:Akisho
905:Gurage
897:Amhara
893:Somali
879:
873:Gurage
871:
869:
861:
859:
853:Amhara
851:
849:
843:Somali
841:
839:
775:Amhara
767:Tigray
692:Jijiga
624:Shewan
536:Ogaden
503:Jidwaq
491:Ogaden
465:. The
463:Absame
436:Jijiga
420:Somali
416:Jijiga
389:
318:Somali
306:Region
296:
259:9°21′N
233:Jijiga
200:Jijiga
167:Jijiga
64:Arabic
46:Somali
39:Jijiga
3503:Mieso
3473:Afdem
3425:Elele
3420:Danan
3387:Segeg
3372:Gerbo
3362:Dihun
3324:Filtu
3004:Danot
2966:Hudet
2943:Raaso
2898:Afder
2860:and
2858:Zones
2816:Wukro
2746:Jimma
2726:Harar
2686:Dimtu
2646:Bombe
2601:Awasa
2591:Areka
2561:Adama
2359:JSTOR
2302:(PDF)
2277:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
1866:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1604:S2CID
1555:JSTOR
1516:JSTOR
1477:S2CID
1469:JSTOR
1401:(PDF)
1369:Notes
1363:hyena
1249:111.0
1244:139.0
1229:103.0
1224:114.0
1057:Year
996:meher
957:Oromo
901:Oromo
863:Oromo
620:jihad
601:Harar
532:Harar
487:Harar
483:Zeila
403:UTC+3
343:Mayor
330:Fafan
70:Laaca
55:Oromo
3493:Erer
3483:Bike
3357:Ayun
3062:Qubi
2903:Bare
2806:Sodo
2711:Gode
2706:Goba
2681:Dila
2616:Batu
2606:Axum
2581:Ambo
2576:Adwa
2495:OCLC
2485:ISBN
2462:OCLC
2454:LCCN
2425:ISBN
2385:2024
2349:ISBN
2327:link
2323:link
2144:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1935:ISSN
1887:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1596:ISSN
1547:ISSN
1508:ISSN
1461:ISSN
1413:2022
1280:(%)
1259:19.0
1254:50.0
1239:78.0
1234:58.0
1219:50.0
1214:31.0
1195:12.1
1180:11.0
1175:15.0
1170:15.4
1165:15.6
1160:15.6
1155:14.4
1150:13.5
1145:12.3
1140:10.1
1125:26.9
1120:26.5
1115:27.1
1110:27.2
1105:26.3
1100:25.9
1095:25.7
1090:26.5
1085:27.5
1080:26.7
1075:28.8
1070:27.5
1065:26.6
1054:Dec
1051:Nov
1048:Oct
1045:Sep
1042:Aug
1039:Jul
1036:Jun
1033:May
1030:Apr
1027:Mar
1024:Feb
1021:Jan
1004:bega
1000:belg
975:The
935:and
787:Derg
769:and
591:and
485:and
448:Gode
325:Zone
3213:Dig
3047:Fiq
2999:Boh
1792:",
1586:doi
1453:doi
1319:57
1316:50
1313:50
1310:58
1307:63
1304:64
1301:64
1298:65
1295:63
1292:62
1289:52
1286:47
1283:49
1269:771
1264:9.0
1209:9.0
1190:7.6
1185:8.0
1135:6.6
989:Cwb
745:'s
674:of
432:ጅጅጋ
407:EAT
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