Jimmy Doolittle - Knowledge

853: 817:. He was the first to recognize that true operational freedom in the air could not be achieved until pilots developed the ability to control and navigate aircraft in flight from takeoff run to landing rollout, regardless of the range of vision from the cockpit. Doolittle was the first to envision that a pilot could be trained to use instruments to fly through fog, clouds, precipitation of all forms, darkness, or any other impediment to visibility, and in spite of the pilot's own possibly convoluted motion sense inputs. Even at this early stage, the ability to control aircraft was getting beyond the motion sense capability of the pilot. That is, as aircraft became faster and more maneuverable, pilots could become seriously disoriented without visual cues from outside the cockpit, because aircraft could move in ways that pilots' senses could not accurately decipher. 1130:(also known as Operation Sei-go) to prevent these eastern coastal provinces of China from being used again for an attack on Japan and to take revenge on the Chinese people. An area of some 20,000 sq mi (50,000 km) was laid waste. "Like a swarm of locusts, they left behind nothing but destruction and chaos," eyewitness Father Wendelin Dunker wrote. The Japanese killed an estimated 10,000 Chinese civilians during their search for Doolittle's men. People who aided the airmen were tortured before they were killed. Father Dunker wrote of the destruction of the town of Ihwang: "They shot any man, woman, child, cow, hog, or just about anything that moved, They raped any woman from the ages of 10–65, and before burning the town they thoroughly looted it ... None of the humans shot were buried either ..." The Japanese entered 708:) at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio. For Doolittle, the school assignment had special significance: "I had applied for the Engineering School because I thought there should be a better rapport between the aeronautical engineer and the pilot. It seemed to me that the engineers felt pilots were all a little crazy or else they wouldn't be pilots. The pilots felt the engineers as a group were, if not incompetent, at least not thoroughly acquainted with the pilot's viewpoint—that all the engineers did was zip slide rules back and forth and come out with erroneous results and bad aircraft. I thought from a philosophical point of view that it would be good to have engineers and pilots understand one another better. It seemed desirable to marry these two capabilities in one person—and I wanted to be that person." 927:

that required a fuel that nobody made. Some fellow employees would call his effort "Doolittle's million-dollar blunder" but time would prove him correct. Before this the Army had considered 100-octane tests using pure octane but at $ 25 a gallon it did not happen. By 1936 tests at Wright Field using a cheaper alternative to pure octane proved the value of the fuel and both Shell and Standard Oil of New Jersey would win the contract to supply test quantities for the Army. By 1938 the price was down to 17.5 cents a gallon, only 2.5 cents more than 87 octane fuel. By the end of WW II, the price would be down to 16 cents a gallon and the U.S. armed forces would be consuming 20 million gallons a day.

2640: 33: 2633: 1460:, who encouraged Goddard's efforts, arranged for (then Major) Doolittle to discuss with Goddard a special blend of gasoline. Doolittle piloted himself to Roswell, New Mexico in October 1938 and was given a tour of Goddard's workshop and a "short course" in rocketry and space travel. He then wrote a memo, including a rather detailed description of Goddard's rocket. In closing he said, "interplanetary transportation is probably a dream of the very distant future, but with the moon only a quarter of a million miles away—who knows!" In July 1941 he wrote Goddard that he was still interested in rocket propulsion research. The Army, however, was interested only in 5537: 2539: 2200: 2663: 2357: 1638: 1096:, reached Japan, and bombed their targets. Fifteen of the planes then headed for their recovery airfield in China, while one crew chose to land in Russia due to their bomber's unusually high fuel consumption. As did most of the other crewmen who participated in the one-way mission, Doolittle and his crew bailed out safely over China when their B-25 ran out of fuel. By then, they had been flying for about 12 hours, it was nighttime, the weather was stormy, and Doolittle was unable to locate their landing field. Doolittle came down in a rice paddy (saving a previously injured ankle from breaking) near 2441: 2610: 2498: 2473: 2649: 2455: 2601: 2626: 2548: 2391: 2448: 2555: 547: 2482: 5518: 2617: 3044:, given to dedicated community leaders who demonstrate individual initiative and a commitment to excellence; as exemplified by remarkable achievements accomplished through honesty, hard work, self-reliance and perseverance over adversity. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc. bears the name of the renowned author Horatio Alger, Jr., whose tales of overcoming adversity through unyielding perseverance and basic moral principles captivated the public in the late 19th century. 951: 2366: 2656: 2400: 2512: 1416: 2595: 2588: 2581: 2574: 2561: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2385: 2378: 2351: 2341: 2672: 975: 2533: 2526: 2519: 2492: 2467: 2332: 2323: 3203: 990: 796: 2430: 2155: 2122: 2092: 2067: 2027: 2004: 1981: 697: 2047: 1958: 1928: 1904: 1881: 1856: 1829: 1800: 5884: 1246: 5872: 1561:, appointed him to lead a presidential commission examining the safety of urban airports. The report "Airports and Their Neighbors" led to zoning requirements for buildings near approaches, early noise control requirements, and initial work on "super airports" with 10,000 ft runways, suited to 150 ton aircraft. 3706:

Sep 24, 1929: At Mitchel Field, N.Y., Army Lt. James H. Doolittle became the first pilot to use only instrument guidance to take off, fly a set course, and land. Doolittle received directional guidance from a radio range course aligned with the airport runway, while radio marker beacons indicated his

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For conspicuous leadership above the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Gen. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in

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On 5 January 1946, Doolittle reverted to inactive reserve status in the Army Air Forces in the grade of lieutenant general, a rarity in those days when reserve officers were usually limited to the rank of major general or rear admiral, a restriction that would not end in the US armed forces until the

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had sponsored legislation to waive Doolittle's ineligibility by statute, since he was ineligible for the rank as a reservist as well as for lack of being on active duty. However, the legislation stalled in the House, causing Goldwater to request that Reagan promote him with only Senate consent. This

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In 1948, Doolittle advocated the desegregation of the US military. He wrote "I am convinced that the solution to the situation is to forget that they are colored." Industry was in the process of integrating, Doolittle said, "and it is going to be forced on the military. You are merely postponing the

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asked Doolittle on March 27, 1946, to head a commission on the relationships between officers and enlisted men in the Army called the "Doolittle Board" or the "GI Gripes Board". The Army implemented many of the board's recommendations in the postwar volunteer Army, though many professional officers

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is viewed by historians as a major morale-building victory for the United States. Although the damage done to Japanese war industry was minor, the raid showed the Japanese that their homeland was vulnerable to air attack, and forced them to withdraw several front-line fighter units from Pacific war

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to be left in contaminated food and contaminated wells with the withdrawal of the army from areas around Yushan, Kinhwa and Futsin. Around 1,700 Japanese troops died out of a total 10,000 Japanese soldiers who fell ill with disease when their biological weapons attack rebounded on their own forces.

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Doolittle married Josephine "Joe" E. Daniels on December 24, 1917. At a dinner celebration after Jimmy Doolittle's first all-instrument flight in 1929, Josephine Doolittle asked her guests to sign her white damask tablecloth. Later, she embroidered the names in black. She continued this tradition,

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for planning and leading his raid on Japan. His citation reads: "For conspicuous leadership above and beyond the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Lt. Col.

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The development of 100-octane aviation gasoline on an economic scale was due in part to Doolittle, who had become aviation manager of Shell Oil Company. Around 1935 he convinced Shell to invest in refining capacity to produce 100-octane fuel on a scale that nobody needed since no aircraft existed

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Doolittle was also the first to recognize these psycho-physiological limitations of the human senses (particularly the motion sense inputs, i.e., up, down, left, right). He initiated the study of the relationships between the psychological effects of visual cues and motion senses. His research

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20 February 1952: President Truman established a temporary Airport Commission under the chairmanship of James H. Doolittle, with CAA Administrator C.F. Horne and J.C. Hunsaker of NACA as members. The action responded to a series of crashes, due to varied causes, in the New York-New Jersey

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Doolittle went on to fly more combat missions as commander of the 12th Air Force in North Africa, for which he was awarded four Air Medals. He later commanded the 12th, 15th and 8th Air Forces in Europe. The other surviving members of the Doolittle raid also went on to new assignments.

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Doolittle's major influence on the European air war occurred late in 1943—and primarily after he took command of the Eighth Air Force on January 6, 1944—when he changed the policy of requiring escorting fighters to remain with their bombers at all times. Instead, he permitted

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racer with a speed averaging 252 miles per hour. After having won the three big air racing trophies of the time, the Schneider, Bendix, and Thompson, he officially retired from air racing stating, "I have yet to hear anyone engaged in this work dying of old age."

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from ahead of the bomber formations. After the bombers had hit their targets, the American fighters were free to strafe German airfields, transportation, and other "targets of opportunity" on their return flight to base. These tasks were initially performed with

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resulted in programs that trained pilots to read and understand navigational instruments. A pilot learned to "trust his instruments," not his senses, as visual cues and his motion sense inputs (what he sensed and "felt") could be incorrect or unreliable.

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for his injuries until April 1927. He was then assigned to McCook Field for experimental work, with additional duty as an instructor pilot to the 385th Bomb Squadron of the Air Corps Reserve. During this time, in 1927 he was the first to perform an

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five years before. Less than a month later, the Japanese forces put what remained of the city to the torch. "This planned burning was carried on for three days," one Chinese newspaper reported, "and the city of Nancheng became charred earth."

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zones for homeland defense. More significantly, Japanese commanders considered the raid deeply embarrassing, and their attempt to close the perceived gap in their Pacific defense perimeter led directly to the decisive American victory at the

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Thursday, 6 January 1944 – Strategic Operations (Eighth Air Force): Lieutenant General James H. Doolittle assumes command, replacing Lieutenant General Ira C. Eaker who will go to Italy as Commanding General Mediterranean Allied Air Force

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Doolittle reached the plane on May 3 and found it serviceable, then returned May 8 with a replacement motor and four mechanics. The oil pressure of the new motor was inadequate, and Doolittle requested two pressure gauges, using

1483:, thought Doolittle to be more sympathetic to the rocket, which was increasing in importance as a scientific tool as well as a weapon. The NACA Special Committee on Space Technology was organized in January 1958 and chaired by 1146:

When Japanese troops moved out of the Zhejiang and Jiangxi areas in mid-August, they left behind a trail of devastation. Chinese estimates put the civilian death toll at 250,000. The Imperial Japanese Army had also spread

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conference at which a large number interested in rocketry attended. The topic was Robert Goddard's work. He later stated that at that time "... we had not given much credence to the tremendous potential of rocketry.

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in Aeronautics, which he received in June 1925. His doctorate in aeronautical engineering was the first issued in the United States. He said that he considered his master's work more significant than his doctorate.

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alone, without a view outside the cockpit. Having returned to Mitchell Field that September, he helped develop blind-flying equipment. He helped develop, and was then the first to test, the now universally used

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in New York City. Doolittle resigned his regular commission on February 15, 1930, and was commissioned a Major in the Air Reserve Corps a month later, being named manager of the Aviation Department of

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On May 10, 1921, he was engineering officer and pilot for an expedition recovering a plane that had force-landed in a Mexican canyon on February 10 during a transcontinental flight attempt by

6034: 774:, he broke both ankles while demonstrating his acrobatic abilities in an incident that was known as Night of the Pisco Sours. Despite having both ankles in casts, Doolittle put his Curtiss 6059: 4363: 1672:

The other son, John P. Doolittle, retired from the Air Force as a colonel, and his grandson, Colonel James H. Doolittle III, was the vice commander of the Air Force Flight Test Center at

719:. In March 1924, he conducted aircraft acceleration tests at McCook Field, which became the basis of his master's thesis and led to his second Distinguished Flying Cross. He received his 4589:

With special dispensation from the Grand Lodge of California and the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, Doolittle was given all three degrees on August 16th, 1918 in Lake Charles Lodge No. 16

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Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland." He was also promoted to brigadier general.

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formations, allowing them to freely engage the German fighters lying in wait for the bombers. Throughout most of 1944, this tactic negated the effectiveness of the twin-engined

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21st century. He retired from the United States Army on 10 May 1946. On 18 September 1947, his reserve commission as a general officer was transferred to the newly established

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degree in Aeronautics from MIT in June 1924. Because the Army had given him two years to get his degree and he had done it in just one, he immediately started working on his

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and Colonel Norman Appold from the USAF missile program, considering their potential contributions to US space programs and ability to educate NACA people in space science.

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said that the Doolittle Board "caused severe damage to service effectiveness by recommendations intended to 'democratize' the Army—a concept that is self-contradictory".

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during demobilization at the end of the war, Doolittle qualified by examination and received a Regular Army commission as a 1st Lieutenant, Air Service, on July 1, 1920.

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aircraft. It was a major morale booster for the United States and Doolittle was celebrated as a hero, making him one of the most important national figures of the war.

496: 871:, in which capacity he conducted numerous aviation tests. While in the Reserve, he also returned to temporary active duty with the Army frequently to conduct tests. 852: 5954: 4413: 2976: 4568: 6089: 4431: 3372: 3159:) runs along the east side of the Oakland Airport (OAK) in Oakland, California. It parallels Earhart Road (another aviation-themed name), then heads toward 3119: 589:, Doolittle stayed in the United States as a flight instructor and performed his war service at Camp John Dick Aviation Concentration Center ("Camp Dick"), 6084: 6024: 4546: 1344:

secret, which was that the German encryption systems had been broken by the British. From January 1944 to September 1945, he held his largest command, the

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Doolittle was one of the most famous pilots during the inter-war period. On September 4, 1922, he made the first of many pioneering flights, flying a

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in the late 1940s through the late 1950s. He died by suicide in 1958, aged 38. At the time of his death, James Jr. was a Major and commander of the

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Street named after Jimmy Doolittle at TRW's Space Park in Redondo Beach, California where he served on the board of directors during the 1960s.

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Doolittle was invested into the Sovereign Order of Cyprus and his medallion is now on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

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on January 2, 1942, and assigned to Army Air Forces Headquarters to plan the first retaliatory air raid on the Japanese homeland following the

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on July 1, 1940, with the rank of Major. He was assigned as the assistant district supervisor of the Central Air Corps Procurement District at

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On December 11, 1981, Doolittle was awarded Honorary Naval Aviator wings in recognition of his many years of support of military aviation by

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in his honor. He made early coast-to-coast flights, record-breaking speed flights, won many flying races, and helped develop flight-test

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in his memory. The award is for "outstanding accomplishment in technical management or engineering achievement in aerospace technology".

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distance from the runway. He flew in a hooded cockpit, but was accompanied by a check pilot who could have intervened in an emergency.

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In 1932, Doolittle set the world's high-speed record for land planes at 296 miles per hour in the Shell Speed Dash. Later, he took the

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due to having to launch the raid ahead of schedule after being spotted by a Japanese patrol boat and the loss of all the aircraft.

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over Europe. He retired from the Air Force in 1959 but remained active in many technical fields. Doolittle was inducted into the

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magazine ranked Doolittle sixth on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation. He died in 1993 at the age of 96, and was buried at

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to determine the requirements of a national space program and what additions were needed to NACA technology. Doolittle, Dr.

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as a flying cadet; he received ground training at the School of Military Aeronautics (an Army school) on the campus of the

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The oldest residence hall on Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's campus, Doolittle Hall (1968), was named in his honor.

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was arguably unlawful because of the Senate's inability to waive statutory restrictions. In a later ceremony, President

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metropolitan area. These events had raised residents' fears and prompted authorities to close Newark Airport temporarily

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began the final tribute on the bugle. When emotion took over, Doolittle's great-grandson, Paul Dean Crane, Jr., played

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Repository and Open Science Access Portal; National Transportation Library; United States Department of Transportation

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Repository and Open Science Access Portal; National Transportation Library; United States Department of Transportation

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aviation gasoline. High octane fuel was crucial to the high-performance planes that were developed in the late 1930s.

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Subsequently, he attended the Air Service Mechanical School at Kelly Field and the Aeronautical Engineering Course at

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Many US Air Force bases have facilities and streets named for Doolittle, such as the Jimmy Doolittle Event Center at

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for his distinguished contributions to commercial aviation, in recognition of the development of instrument flight.

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in 1967, eight years after retirement and only five years after the Hall was founded. He was eventually promoted to

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at this point. Doolittle was concerned about the state of rocketry in the US and remained in touch with Goddard.

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Within days after the transcontinental flight, he was at the Air Service Engineering School (a precursor to the

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sent him a joking message: "You're slipping Jimmy. There's one crabapple tree and one stable still standing."

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The headquarters of the United States Air Force Academy Association of Graduates (AOG) on the grounds of the

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The Doolittles had two sons, James Jr., and John. Both became military officers and pilots. James Jr. was an

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medium bombers with reduced armament to decrease weight and increase range, each with a crew of five and no

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through aerial maneuvers that outdid the competition. He returned to the United States and was confined to

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Doolittle served at Rockwell as a flight leader and gunnery instructor. At Kelly Field, he served with the

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to study Air Corps organization. In 1940, he became president of the Institute of Aeronautical Science.

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to communicate. The additional parts were dropped by air and installed, and Doolittle flew the plane to

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duty on February 28, 1959. He remained active in other capacities, including chairman of the board of

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and noncommissioned officers thought that the Board "destroyed the discipline of the Army". Columnist

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for conducting the experiments. These accomplishments made all-weather airline operations practical.

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Calculated Risk: The Extraordinary Life of Jimmy Doolittle, Aviation Pioneer and World War II Hero

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and Doolittle, MacArthur chose Kenney. In September, Doolittle became commanding general of the

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Doolittle's most important contribution to aeronautical technology was his early advancement of

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When asked from where the Tokyo raid was launched, President Roosevelt coyly said its base was

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collecting hundreds of signatures from the aviation world. The tablecloth was donated to the

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in November 1943. On June 10, he flew as co-pilot with Jack Sims, fellow Tokyo Raider, in a

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as the only member of the air racing category in the inaugural class of 1989, and into the

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In April 1934, Doolittle was selected to be a member of the Baker Board. Chaired by former

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briefly portrays a dog named "Jimmy Do-quite-a-little", who invents a failed rocket ship.

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pilot in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II and later a fighter pilot in the

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and three due to an aircraft crash or while parachuting. Doolittle thought he would be

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in northwest Florida, Doolittle, his aircraft, and volunteer flight crews proceeded to

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A History in the Making: 80 Turbulent Years in the American General Aviation Industry

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Following graduation, Doolittle attended special training in high-speed seaplanes at

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in 1925 with an average speed of 232 MPH. For that feat, Doolittle was awarded the

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Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America

4618:

Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America

4475: 5888: 5521: 5142: 4253:"FAA Historical Chronology: Civil Aviation and the Federal Government, 1926–1996" 3684:"FAA Historical Chronology: Civil Aviation and the Federal Government, 1926–1996" 3310: 3293: 3147: 3084: 2481: 2245: 2228: 2208: 1565: 1558: 1362: 1131: 1032: 959: 916: 901: 5517: 1520:. Doolittle returned to Shell Oil as a vice president, and later as a director. 874:

Doolittle helped influence Shell Oil Company to produce the first quantities of

5729: 4143: 3934: 3563: 3362:"Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Vol. 1 – A thru L" 3273: 2847: 2804: 2712: 2256: 2224: 1658: 1429: 1398:

through the end of 1943. They were progressively replaced with the long-ranged

1231: 1200: 1184: 1010: 1002: 955: 824:

In 1929, he became the first pilot to take off, fly and land an airplane using

648:, himself, taking off from a 400-yard airstrip hacked out of the canyon floor. 645: 641: 571: 527: 445: 418: 406: 336: 328: 217: 190: 2616: 1606:. He was the last person to hold this position, as the NACA was superseded by 5898: 5725: 5525: 5212:

Fulcrum of Power: Essays on the United States Air Force and National Security

5091: 4718:"Stars on Tombstones: Honorary Promotions of Air Corps and Air Force Leaders" 4211: 3901: 3437: 3289: 3241: 3179: 2792: 2300: 2233: 2216: 2204: 1700: 1528: 1441: 1395: 1391: 1329: 1294: 1228: 1109: 1078: 1036: 882: 875: 857: 841: 767: 760: 740: 551: 449: 387: 5617: 1415: 950: 5778: 5770: 5544: 5165:"The Untold Story of the Vengeful Japanese Attack After the Doolittle Raid" 3401:"General James Harold Doolittle > U.S. Air Force > Biography Display" 3305: 3257: 3245: 3170:, aired in 1986 to honor his 90th birthday. Celebrity appearances included 2777: 2655: 2399: 2365: 1839: 1727: 1666: 1654: 1250: 1217: 1074: 935: 784: 671: 481: 375: 347: 332: 205: 180: 5403: – Presentation by Jonna Doolittle Hoppes on May 18, 2006, 5258:"Travis Air Museum, supporting the Jimmy Doolittle Air & Space Museum" 4746: 4506:"Celebrating More Than 100 Years of Freemasonry: Famous Masons in History" 4432:"Post Mortem – Bill Bower dies; Doolittle Raider was last surviving pilot" 2560: 5782: 5552: 4505: 3974: 3317: 3261: 3175: 2741: 2727: 2671: 2268: 1532: 1488: 1337: 1310: 1192: 1168: 974: 905: 756: 744: 586: 582:

in the Signal Officers Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army on March 11, 1918.

515: 511: 492: 458:

magazine's list of the greatest pilots of all time, and ten years later,

398: 367: 226: 172: 5045: 4680:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947. p. 1964. 2340: 1336:, 442nd Bombardment Squadron on a mission to attack gun emplacements at 5694: 5570: 4941: 4606:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1930. p. 176. 3772:

Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II

1712: 1626: 1603: 1599: 1500: 1484: 1444:

in its infancy. He wrote in his autobiography, "I became interested in

1366: 1212: 712: 359: 300: 5261: 4960:"San Diego Air & Space Museum – Historical Balboa Park, San Diego" 3228:

Achievement 6 of the United States Air Force Auxiliary, also known as

3202: 3097:

is in the collection of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

2331: 2322: 989: 795: 655:. Having at last returned to complete his college degree, he earned a 4188: 2746: 2280: 1708: 1595: 1524: 1382: 1305:

in November 1942, and in March 1943 became commanding general of the

1160: 1070: 890: 837: 686: 598: 239: 4001:"Effect of the North American P-51 Mustang On the Air War in Europe" 5829: 5703: 5585: 3171: 2429: 1692: 1618: 1164: 1055: 562:

Doolittle took a leave of absence in October 1917 to enlist in the

296: 5343: 2154: 2037:

Army of the United States (United States Army Air Forces Reserve)

1549:

In March 1951, Doolittle was appointed a special assistant to the

696: 323:(December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American military 5698: 3152:

magazine ranked him 6th on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.

2954: 2894: 2879: 2864: 2292: 2284: 2121: 2091: 2066: 2046: 2026: 2003: 1980: 1957: 1927: 1903: 1880: 1855: 1828: 1799: 1172: 1152: 1148: 1135: 939: 715:

and aeronautical engineer at McCook Field, Doolittle entered the

682: 391: 358:

in 1922. That year, he made the first cross-country flight in an

5807: 5404: 4083:

The Pentagon's Battle for the American Mind: The Early Cold War

3971:"WWII 8thAAF Combat Chronology –January 1944 Through June 1944" 3515:"Alameda: City recognizes World War II aviator Jimmy Doolittle" 2926: 2911: 2304: 2296: 1680: 1445: 1097: 1063: 766:

In April 1926, Doolittle was given a leave of absence to go to

4895:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement" 3854:"From Shangri-La to Tokyo: The Doolittle Raid, April 18, 1942" 5790: 2288: 1758: 1266: 1245: 1092:. On April 18, Doolittle and his 16 B-25 crews took off from 1059: 1047: 962:, copilot; SSgt. Paul J. Leonard, flight engineer/gunner. On 771: 590: 6035:

Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)

1293:

first turned down the position and offered a choice between

1015:

Following the reorganization of the Army Air Corps into the

863:

In January 1930, he advised the Army on the construction of

16:

United States Air Force general and Medal of Honor recipient

6060:

United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II

5636: 5294:"Article: Jimmy Doolittle Reminiscences About World War II" 5188:

SSG Cornelius Seon (Retired) (adapted public domain text).

5066:"Jimmy Doolittle Event Center – 5th Force Support Squadron" 5050: 4752:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. November 28, 1986. 3928: 3774:. New York: Random House. pp. 114, 219–222, 239, 279. 2203:

Doolittle is awarded a fourth star, pinned on by President

1711:. After a brief graveside service, fellow Doolittle Raider 1607: 1461: 1301:, soon to be operating in North Africa. He was promoted to 1051: 674: 3047:

In 1977, Doolittle received the Golden Plate Award of the

2017:

Army of the United States (United States Army Air Forces)

1994:

Army of the United States (United States Army Air Forces)

1971:

Army of the United States (United States Army Air Forces)

770:

to perform demonstration flights for Curtiss Aircraft. In

497:

1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field

5796: 5367:

15 AF Heritage – High Strategy – Bombers and Tankers Team

5218:. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program 4458:

Dalhousie Lodge F. & A.M., Newtonville, Massachusetts

4262:. United States Federal Aviation Administration. p. 3872:"Last of WW2 'Doolittle Raiders' Dick Cole dies aged 103" 3693:. United States Federal Aviation Administration. p. 1265:—he had been promoted by two grades on the day after the 1085:, California for embarkation aboard the aircraft carrier 4307:

Putnam, William D. and Eugene M. Emme (September 2012).

1419:

Personalized photo of then-Major General Jimmy Doolittle

624:. His detachment of the 90th Aero Squadron was based at 6075:

United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients

6040:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

4177:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. p. 34. 3805: 3461:. Associated Press. June 14, 1985 – via LA Times. 1215:, a fictional paradise from the popular novel and film 6065:

United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II

1894:

United States Army Reserve (Specialist Reserve Corps)

1546:

inevitable and you might as well take it gracefully."

452:

43 years after the Doolittle Raid. In 2003, he topped

5860: 4309:"I Was There: 'The Tremendous Potential of Rocketry'" 4148:"I Was There: 'The Tremendous Potential of Rocketry'" 3882: 3585:

Random House Publishing Group. Kindle Edition; p. 73.

3371:. pp. 476–480. USAF historical studies: no. 91. 1538:

In 1947, Doolittle became the first president of the

1313:

that was so thorough in its destruction that General

1126:

After the raid, the Japanese Imperial Army began the

6080:

United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I

6030:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

5026:"General Doolittle Still the Hero at MiramarTribute" 4131:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. pp. 1208–1216. 3795: 3793: 3791: 1491:

and Stever selected committee members including Dr.

491:). By 1910, Jimmy Doolittle was attending school in 5975:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

4402:. p. 5 – via Google News Archive Search. 3581:Doolittle, James H., with Carroll V. Glines. 1991. 3320:' wartime song "Casey Jones" commemorates the raid. 3276:played Jimmy Doolittle in Bille August's 2017 film 3030:

a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland.

1221:. In the same vein, the U.S. Navy named one of its 954:Doolittle and his crew just before takeoff for the 5385:is available for free viewing and download at the 5371:is available for free viewing and download at the 5141: 3583:I Could Never Be So Lucky Again: An Autobiography. 3341:List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II 3100:In 1967, James H. Doolittle was inducted into the 1467:Shortly after World War II, Doolittle spoke to an 4101:I Could Never Be So Lucky Again: An Autobiography 3788: 3597:"Detroit Defied Reality to Help Win World War II" 3353: 2219:promoted Doolittle to the rank of full four-star 1475:In 1956, Doolittle was appointed chairman of the 1456:, whose foundation sponsored Goddard's work, and 5896: 4817:"Ground-Level Monuments Honor Heroes of the Air" 4099:Doolittle, James H.; Glines, Carroll V. (1991). 3908:. Orion Publishing Group, Limited. p. 503. 5955:Chief Scientists of the United States Air Force 4098: 3824:Chevrier & Chomiczewski & Garrigue 2004 3639:. October 29, 1925. p. 703. Archived from 1249:Lt. Gen. Jimmy Doolittle (left) with Maj. Gen. 4869:"Horatio Alger Association Member Information" 4792:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from 4127:Goddard, Esther and G. Edward Pendray (1970). 3718: 3557:Berliner, Don (December 2009 – January 2010). 2800:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 1869:Regular Army (United States Army Air Service) 1440:Doolittle became acquainted with the field of 6090:World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor 5425: 5291: 5113:"Doolittle Hall, Academy Drive, USAF Academy" 5046:"All-Star Tribute to General Jimmy Doolittle" 4843:United States Army Center of Military History 4085:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 51. 3900: 3556: 3470: 3468: 3459:"Jimmy Doolittle Given Fourth Star by Reagan" 3185:General Doolittle was named as the inaugural 2057:Regular Army (United States Army Air Forces) 1594:(NACA). This period was during the events of 1564:Doolittle was appointed a life member of the 1035:approval to lead the top-secret attack of 16 5278:"Maritimequest Doolittle Raid Photo Gallery" 4835:"World War II (A-F); Doolittle, Jimmy entry" 4569:"James Harold 'Jimmy' Doolittle Passes Away" 4094: 4092: 4070:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 105. 3955:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1583:, and was classified for a number of years. 1115: 739:He also served with the Naval Test Board at 6085:United States Army personnel of World War I 6025:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 3848: 3846: 3844: 3491: 3489: 3168:All-Star Tribute to General Jimmy Doolittle 3144:ranked him the greatest aviator in history. 2259:for the Tokyo raid, Doolittle received the 1592:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 1477:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 1163:pathogens. The Japanese biological warfare 806:For another instrument flying pioneer, see 471: 5432: 5418: 4141: 4055:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 154. 3465: 3120:International Air & Space Hall of Fame 3087:was named in his honor after World War II. 3023: 1687:, on September 27, 1993, and is buried at 1575:asked Doolittle to perform a study of the 1542:, an organization which he helped create. 1253:(right), standing between tail booms of a 1240: 31: 6055:UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni 5980:Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta 4823:. p. 840 – via Newspapers.com. 4764:"Doolittle Is Awarded Navy Aviator Wings" 4510:Matawan Lodhe N0 192 F&AM, New Jersey 4187: 4122: 4120: 4089: 4068:In Enemy Hands: A Prisoner in North Korea 3754: 1733: 1703:, and USAF Eighth Air Force bombers from 1523:In the summer of 1946, Doolittle went to 1355: 1277:. This followed his rejection by General 1039:medium bombers from the aircraft carrier 930:Doolittle returned to active duty in the 476:Doolittle was born December 14, 1896, in 397:Doolittle was a flying instructor during 274: 270: 6015:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 5230: 4172: 3841: 3811: 3486: 3201: 2198: 1636: 1414: 1320:Maj. Gen. Doolittle took command of the 1244: 988: 973: 949: 851: 794: 695: 545: 5381:Activities of the U.S. Army Air Service 4516:from the original on September 30, 2018 4464:from the original on September 3, 2018. 4129:The Papers of Robert H. Goddard, 3 vols 4126: 4065: 3359: 1679:James H. "Jimmy" Doolittle died from a 1373:heavy fighter wings and single-engined 1273:—Doolittle was assigned to the nascent 448:in 1985, presented to him by President 6070:United States Army Air Forces generals 5950:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 5897: 5136: 4814: 4333: 4306: 4117: 4053:Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army 3769: 1579:; the resulting work was known as the 1557:, the President of the United States, 1479:(NACA) because the previous chairman, 327:and aviation pioneer who received the 5413: 5162: 4970: 4917:"Honorary Naval Aviator Designations" 4815:Kaplan, Tracey (September 23, 1990). 4390:"James Doolittle Jr. Commits Suicide" 4080: 4050: 3799: 3235: 3004:in 1959. In 1983, he was awarded the 1435: 1307:Northwest African Strategic Air Force 1106:captured and murdered by the Japanese 717:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 700:Doolittle in a pre-World War II photo 574:, California. Doolittle received his 554:Racer, the plane in which he won the 485: 372:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 6010:People from Pebble Beach, California 5208: 4549:from the original on October 6, 2016 4486:from the original on October 4, 2001 4361: 4227: 3888: 3755:Schlaifer, Robert (April 10, 1950). 3395: 3393: 3378:from the original on August 31, 2021 3369:Air Force Historical Research Agency 2750:with three bronze oak leaf clusters 2194: 1849:1 July (accepted 19 September) 1920 1448:development in the 1930s when I met 919:, the board was convened during the 790: 530:fraternity, which later merged into 510:, together with later film director 499:, Doolittle saw his first airplane. 378:, thought at the time to be a fatal 5965:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 5314:"Medal of Honor recipients on film" 5175:from the original on March 22, 2021 4983:Motorsports Hall of Fame of America 4334:Barnes, Bart (September 29, 1993). 4250: 3681: 3594: 3134:Motorsports Hall of Fame of America 3109:Society of Experimental Test Pilots 3065:In 1983, Doolittle was awarded the 3014:Motorsports Hall of Fame of America 2830:with four bronze oak leaf clusters 2766:Army of Occupation of Germany Medal 1510: 1326:Mediterranean Theater of Operations 1269:attack, bypassing the rank of full 904:race at Cleveland in the notorious 13: 5990:Military personnel from California 5235:. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. 4871:. Horatioalger.org. Archived from 2738:with two bronze oak leaf clusters 2698:U.S. Air Force Command Pilot Badge 2153: 2120: 2090: 2065: 2045: 2025: 2002: 1979: 1956: 1926: 1902: 1879: 1854: 1827: 1798: 1410: 1031:. He volunteered for and received 661:University of California, Berkeley 541: 520:University of California, Berkeley 352:University of California, Berkeley 14: 6106: 5250: 4725:Air & Space Operations Review 4526:Jimmy Doolittle, 33°, Grand Cross 4024: 3929:G.H. Spaulding, CAPT, USN (Ret). 3390: 2827:Air Force Longevity Service Award 2803:with one silver and three bronze 2227:retired list. Initially, Senator 1770:Signal Corps (United States Army) 1365:to fly far ahead of the bombers' 945: 881:In 1931, Doolittle won the first 847: 799:Bust of General Doolittle at the 711:In July 1923, after serving as a 706:Air Force Institute of Technology 5995:MIT School of Engineering alumni 5930:American aviation record holders 5920:Air Corps Tactical School alumni 5882: 5870: 5535: 5516: 4845:. August 3, 2009. Archived from 4692:"General James Harold Doolittle" 4366:. Herald Tribune. Archived from 4362:Rife, Susan L. (July 20, 2006). 4290:"Members of the MIT Corporation" 4200:. IllumiNet Press. p. 122. 3631:"The 1925 Schneider Trophy Race" 3232:, is named the Doolittle Award. 3124:San Diego Air & Space Museum 3118:Doolittle was inducted into the 3095:Order of the Condor of the Andes 3020:in the inaugural class of 1990. 2989:In 1972, Doolittle received the 2857:Order of the Condor of the Andes 2718:Army Distinguished Service Medal 2684: 2677: 2670: 2661: 2654: 2647: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2615: 2608: 2599: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2572: 2559: 2553: 2546: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2496: 2490: 2480: 2471: 2465: 2453: 2446: 2439: 2428: 2422: 2415: 2408: 2398: 2389: 2383: 2376: 2364: 2355: 2349: 2339: 2330: 2321: 1632: 1621:Space Technology Laboratories. 978:Doolittle on the flight deck of 436:over the Mediterranean, and the 222:Army Distinguished Service Medal 6000:People from Alameda, California 5481:1944 Plan for Completion of CBO 5233:Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity 5105: 5084: 5058: 5038: 5018: 4997: 4952: 4934: 4909: 4903:American Academy of Achievement 4887: 4861: 4827: 4808: 4782: 4756: 4739: 4710: 4684: 4668: 4649: 4610: 4594: 4561: 4531: 4498: 4468: 4446: 4424: 4406: 4382: 4355: 4327: 4300: 4282: 4244: 4221: 4181: 4166: 4135: 4074: 4059: 4044: 4018: 3993: 3973:. July 28, 2012. Archived from 3963: 3922: 3894: 3864: 3829: 3817: 3763: 3748: 3727: 3712: 3675: 3650: 3623: 3614: 3588: 3575: 3223:United States Air Force Academy 3191:United States Air Force Academy 3049:American Academy of Achievement 1722:Doolittle was initiated to the 1551:Chief of Staff of the Air Force 1402:as the spring of 1944 wore on. 576:Reserve Military Aviator rating 534:during the later stages of the 495:. When his school attended the 386:alone, which later won him the 266: 5575:Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission 3550: 3533: 3507: 3451: 3418: 3102:National Aviation Hall of Fame 3006:United States Military Academy 2834:National Defense Service Medal 2788:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2773:American Defense Service Medal 1844:United States Army Air Service 1641:Doolittle photographed in 1986 1531:" that had been observed over 1527:where he consulted about the " 601:; Rockwell Field, California; 442:National Aviation Hall of Fame 37:General James Harold Doolittle 1: 6045:Recipients of the Silver Star 5787:V.K.F. I & II-Schweinfurt 5393:"Doolittle Tames the Gee Bee" 4946:National Air and Space Museum 4103:. Bantam Books. p. 515. 3346: 2962:Order of the Cloud and Banner 2756:Presidential Medal of Freedom 2261:Presidential Medal of Freedom 2081:United States Army Air Forces 1946:United States Army Air Forces 1663:524th Fighter-Bomber Squadron 1497:Army Ballistic Missile Agency 1167:brought almost 300 pounds of 401:and a reserve officer in the 362:, and in 1925, was awarded a 331:for his raid on Japan during 309:Space Technology Laboratories 307:VP and director, chairman of 245:Presidential Medal of Freedom 5442:Pointblank strategic bombing 4476:"List of notable freemasons" 4414:"James "Jimmy" H. Doolittle" 4364:"My grandfather The General" 3601:United Service Organizations 3214:and the Doolittle Lounge at 3197: 3040:In 1972, he was awarded the 3002:National Academy of Sciences 2705:Honorary Naval Aviator Badge 2273:Distinguished Flying Crosses 2265:Distinguished Service Medals 2215:On April 4, 1985, President 1916:United States Army Air Corps 1914:United States Army Reserve ( 1813:United States Army Reserve ( 1763:United States Army Reserve ( 1400:North American P-51 Mustangs 1023:, Doolittle was promoted to 801:Imperial War Museum, Duxford 403:United States Army Air Corps 354:, where he graduated with a 121:United States Army Air Force 116:United States Army Air Corps 7: 6020:Recipients of the Air Medal 5935:American flight instructors 5231:Yamamoto, Masahiro (2000). 4230:"When the Color Line Ended" 4173:Bilstein, Roger E. (1980). 3360:Fogerty, Robert P. (1953). 3324: 3141:Air & Space/Smithsonian 1689:Arlington National Cemetery 1577:Central Intelligence Agency 733:Naval Air Station Anacostia 466:Arlington National Cemetery 455:Air & Space/Smithsonian 85:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 6111: 5841:N.K.D., Berlin-Lichtenberg 5835:Gebauer & Moller-Fulda 5130: 4922:. U.S. Navy History Office 4539:"Gallery of famous masons" 4398:. Lewiston/Auburn, Maine. 4336:"Gen. James Dolittle Dies" 3476:"10 All-Time Great Pilots" 3336:List of firsts in aviation 3083:, located 5 miles west of 2996:Doolittle was awarded the 2904:Order of Polonia Restituta 2815:Armed Forces Reserve Medal 2810:World War II Victory Medal 2735:Distinguished Flying Cross 1874:Resigned 15 February 1930 1788:United States Army Reserve 1730:, becoming also a Shriner. 1586:From 1957 to 1958, he was 1405: 1396:Republic P-47 Thunderbolts 1119: 1008: 805: 691:Distinguished Flying Cross 522:, where he studied at the 424:Doolittle was promoted to 231:Distinguished Flying Cross 89:Arlington County, Virginia 5769: 5745: 5724: 5674: 5646: 5604: 5597: 5562: 5495: 5476:1943 Pointblank directive 5453: 5446:Combined Bomber Offensive 5190:"United States Air Force" 5122:– via Google Earth. 5014:– via Google Earth. 4839:Medal of Honor recipients 4418:www.arlingtoncemetery.mil 4315:. Smithsonian Institution 4154:. Smithsonian Institution 4051:Brown, Jerold E. (2001). 3251:Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo 3225:is named Doolittle Hall. 3216:Goodfellow Air Force Base 3157:California State Route 61 3132:He was inducted into the 3056:Chief of Naval Operations 3012:. He was inducted in the 2977:Medal of the Armed Forces 2887:Order of Ouissam Alaouite 2761:World War I Victory Medal 2703: 2696: 2329: 2320: 2185: 2173:Air Force Reserve Command 2140:Air Force Reserve Command 2110:Air Force Reserve Command 1942:Army of the United States 1724:Scottish Rite Freemasonry 1285:to replace Major General 1128:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 1122:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 1116:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 1083:Naval Air Station Alameda 780:Walter Reed Army Hospital 292: 284: 250: 213: 168: 150: 140: 132: 104: 96: 79: 62: 42: 30: 23: 6005:People from Nome, Alaska 5945:Aviators from California 5915:Aerobatic record holders 5799:Norma-Stuttgart/Canstatt 5503:Combined Chiefs of Staff 5487:Strategic Bombing Survey 5209:Wolk, Herman S. (2003). 5163:Scott, James M. (2015). 4395:Lewiston Evening Journal 4313:Air & Space Magazine 4228:Wolk, Herman S. (1998). 3620:Doolittle (1991), p. 90. 3113:James H. Doolittle Award 2211:(right), April 10, 1985. 2034: Lieutenant General 1790:(Enlisted Reserve Corps) 1705:Barksdale Air Force Base 1685:Pebble Beach, California 1629:was named in his honor. 1505:Office of Naval Research 1392:Lockheed P-38 Lightnings 663:in 1922, and joined the 570:, and flight-trained at 568:University of California 504:Los Angeles City College 480:. He spent his youth in 472:Early life and education 73:Pebble Beach, California 6050:Schneider Trophy pilots 5138:Hoppes, Jonna Doolittle 4964:sandiegoairandspace.org 4727:: 16. December 10, 2022 4696:United States Air Force 4251:Preston, Edmund (ed.). 4081:Bogle, Lori L. (2004). 4066:Zellers, Larry (1999). 3836:Croddy & Wirtz 2005 3770:Herman, Arthur (2012). 3682:Preston, Edmund (ed.). 3497:"51 Heroes of Aviation" 3024:Medal of Honor citation 3018:Aerospace Walk of Honor 2872:Order of Abdon Calderón 2783:American Campaign Medal 2283:, and decorations from 2169:United States Air Force 2136:United States Air Force 2106:United States Air Force 2054: Brigadier General 1836: Second Lieutenant 1648:Smithsonian Institution 1613:Doolittle retired from 1518:United States Air Force 1469:American Rocket Society 1348:(8 AF) in England as a 1334:320th Bombardment Group 1283:South West Pacific Area 1255:Lockheed P-38 Lightning 1241:World War II, post-raid 1183:Doolittle received the 1001:in preparation for the 578:and was commissioned a 508:Manual Arts High School 432:over North Africa, the 126:United States Air Force 5530:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 5344:"DoolittleRaiders.com" 5148:. Santa Monica Press. 4790:"Public Welfare Award" 4677:Official Army Register 4603:Official Army Register 4194:Operation Trojan Horse 3559:"The Big Race of 1910" 3432:. September 28, 1993. 3207: 3193:for the Class of 2000. 3166:A television special, 3111:annually presents the 3032: 2844:Knight Commander (KCB) 2248:pinned on Doolittle's 2212: 2158: 2125: 2095: 2070: 2050: 2030: 2007: 1984: 1961: 1931: 1907: 1884: 1859: 1832: 1815:Officers Reserve Corps 1803: 1765:Officers Reserve Corps 1747:Service and components 1734:Dates of military rank 1674:Edwards Air Force Base 1642: 1581:Doolittle Report, 1954 1420: 1356:Escort fighter tactics 1258: 1029:attack on Pearl Harbor 1006: 986: 971: 860: 803: 701: 622:1st Surveillance Group 559: 506:after graduating from 411:attack on Pearl Harbor 394:operations practical. 321:James Harold Doolittle 177:Mexican Border Service 5985:Mackay Trophy winners 5970:Harmon Trophy winners 5844:Robert Kling, Wetzlar 5812:V.K.F.-Berlin/Neukoln 4875:on September 13, 2012 4025:s (August 21, 2018). 3595:Quigley, Samantha L. 3541:"General James Jimmy" 3205: 3067:Sylvanus Thayer Award 3027: 3010:Sylvanus Thayer Award 2202: 2157: 2124: 2094: 2069: 2049: 2029: 2006: 1983: 1960: 1930: 1906: 1883: 1858: 1831: 1802: 1640: 1555:Elizabeth, New Jersey 1540:Air Force Association 1418: 1248: 1189:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1033:General H.H. Arnold's 992: 977: 953: 856:1932, flying for the 855: 798: 699: 685:, to Rockwell Field, 637:Alexander Pearson Jr. 549: 526:. He was a member of 390:and made all-weather 346:Doolittle grew up in 196:Mediterranean Theater 133:Years of service 5940:American test pilots 5838:R.I.V.-Villar Perosa 5648:Messerschmitt Bf 110 5628:Regensburg/Prufening 5606:Messerschmitt Bf 109 5507:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5461:Casablanca directive 5300:on September 7, 2008 5169:Smithsonian Magazine 5072:on December 17, 2021 4796:on December 29, 2010 4442:on December 1, 2014. 4152:Smithsonian Magazine 4142:Putnam, William D.; 4027:"James H. Doolittle" 3906:The Second World War 3719:Donald M. Pattillo. 3646:on December 8, 2008. 3292:played Doolittle in 3260:played Doolittle in 3244:played Doolittle in 3212:Minot Air Force Base 2998:Public Welfare Medal 2983:(Republic of China) 2947:WWII Croix de Guerre 2934:WWII Croix de Guerre 1726:, where he took the 1683:at the age of 96 in 1573:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1281:as commander of the 895:Laird Super Solution 564:Signal Corps Reserve 273:; died 6095:American Freemasons 5925:American air racers 5830:Fichtel & Sachs 5292:William R. Wilson. 5264:on February 2, 2011 4899:www.achievement.org 4770:. December 16, 1981 4579:on October 13, 2018 4436:The Washington Post 4341:The Washington Post 3937:on October 19, 2019 3521:. December 18, 2014 3161:Hayward, California 3081:Doolittle, Missouri 3042:Horatio Alger Award 2255:In addition to his 2207:(left) and Senator 1783:Private First Class 1571:In 1954, President 1503:, Abe Hyatt of the 1425:Robert P. Patterson 1371:Zerstörergeschwader 1322:Fifteenth Air Force 1261:In July 1942, as a 1159:infected fleas and 932:U.S. Army Air Corps 887:Burbank, California 865:Floyd Bennett Field 614:104th Aero Squadron 478:Alameda, California 434:Fifteenth Air Force 413:. The raid used 16 159:Fifteenth Air Force 56:Alameda, California 5466:1943 Report of COA 4768:The New York Times 4480:freemasonry.bcy.ca 4370:on October 4, 2012 4234:Air Force Magazine 4217:on April 20, 2013. 4146:(September 2012). 3662:Air Force Magazine 3658:"An American Hero" 3284:The Hidden Soldier 3236:In popular culture 3208: 2908:(Krzyż Kawalerski) 2250:four-star insignia 2213: 2164:General (Honorary) 2159: 2131:Lieutenant General 2126: 2115:18 September 1947 2101:Lieutenant General 2096: 2076:Lieutenant General 2071: 2051: 2031: 2013:Lieutenant General 2008: 1985: 1962: 1937:Lieutenant Colonel 1932: 1908: 1885: 1860: 1833: 1804: 1643: 1481:Jerome C. Hunsaker 1436:U.S. space program 1421: 1350:lieutenant general 1315:Carl Andrew Spaatz 1259: 1069:After training at 1046:, with targets in 1025:lieutenant colonel 1007: 987: 972: 861: 831:artificial horizon 804: 702: 679:Jacksonville Beach 653:McCook Field, Ohio 618:90th Aero Squadron 603:Kelly Field, Texas 597:; Gerstner Field, 595:Wright Field, Ohio 560: 428:and commanded the 426:lieutenant general 384:flight instruments 380:aerobatic maneuver 350:. He attended the 145:General (Honorary) 111:United States Army 66:September 27, 1993 5960:Doolittle Raiders 5858: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5676:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 5196:on April 29, 2009 5031:Los Angeles Times 4978:"James Doolittle" 4821:Los Angeles Times 4698:. U.S. Government 4637:Missing or empty 4005:www.combatsim.com 3915:978-0-7538-2824-3 3891:, pp. 21–22. 3781:978-1-4000-6964-4 3430:Los Angeles Times 3279:The Chinese Widow 3155:Doolittle Drive ( 3060:Thomas B. Hayward 2991:Tony Jannus Award 2987: 2986: 2970:Republic of China 2840:Order of the Bath 2692: 2691: 2313:Order of the Bath 2309:Douglas MacArthur 2277:Bronze Star Medal 2242:Air Force Reserve 2195:Honors and awards 2192: 2191: 2148:28 February 1959 1997:20 November 1942 1967:Brigadier General 1809:Second Lieutenant 1793:10 November 1917 1615:Air Force Reserve 1499:, Sam Hoffman of 1493:Wernher von Braun 1458:Charles Lindbergh 1450:Robert H. Goddard 1423:Secretary of War 1387:bomber destroyers 1377:of heavily armed 1299:Twelfth Air Force 1279:Douglas MacArthur 1263:brigadier general 869:Shell Oil Company 815:instrument flying 791:Instrument flight 607:Eagle Pass, Texas 580:second lieutenant 550:Doolittle on his 518:. He entered the 430:Twelfth Air Force 341:instrument flying 318: 317: 305:Shell Oil Company 256:Josephine Daniels 236:Bronze Star Medal 163:Twelfth Air Force 53:December 14, 1896 6102: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5866: 5826:Muller-Nuremberg 5822:Jaeger-Wuppertal 5738:Junkers-Bernburg 5684:AGO-Oschersleben 5602: 5601: 5539: 5520: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5411: 5410: 5387:Internet Archive 5373:Internet Archive 5354: 5352: 5350: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5296:. Archived from 5288: 5286: 5284: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5260:. Archived from 5246: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5192:. Archived from 5184: 5182: 5180: 5159: 5147: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5068:. Archived from 5062: 5056: 5055: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4948:. June 23, 2016. 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4921: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4849:on June 16, 2008 4831: 4825: 4824: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4722: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4640: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4575:. Archived from 4573:masonrytoday.com 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4438:. Archived from 4428: 4422: 4421: 4410: 4404: 4403: 4400:Associated Press 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4273: 4271: 4257: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4210:. Archived from 4199: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4175:Stages to Saturn 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4124: 4115: 4114: 4096: 4087: 4086: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4011: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3984: 3982: 3977:on July 28, 2012 3967: 3961: 3960: 3954: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3933:. Archived from 3926: 3920: 3919: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3878:. April 9, 2019. 3868: 3862: 3861: 3850: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3786: 3785: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3739:Jimmy Doolittle" 3731: 3725: 3724: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3688: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3545: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3519:The Mercury News 3511: 3505: 3504: 3493: 3484: 3483: 3472: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3377: 3366: 3357: 3331:Aviation history 3308:'s 1946 cartoon 3230:Civil Air Patrol 2951:with bronze Palm 2938:with bronze Palm 2919:Légion d'honneur 2820:hourglass device 2723:oak leaf cluster 2694: 2693: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2642: 2635: 2628: 2619: 2612: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2583: 2576: 2564: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2528: 2521: 2514: 2500: 2494: 2484: 2475: 2469: 2457: 2450: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2402: 2393: 2387: 2380: 2368: 2359: 2353: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2318: 2317: 1865:First Lieutenant 1738: 1737: 1697:Washington, D.C. 1454:Harry Guggenheim 1381:by clearing the 1346:Eighth Air Force 1289:. Major General 1275:Eighth Air Force 1257:in Britain, 1944 1206:Battle of Midway 970:, 18 April 1942. 921:Air Mail scandal 914:Secretary of War 808:William C. Ocker 737:Washington, D.C. 665:Lambda Chi Alpha 657:Bachelor of Arts 556:Schneider Trophy 536:Great Depression 532:Lambda Chi Alpha 524:College of Mines 490: 438:Eighth Air Force 356:Bachelor of Arts 278: 276: 272: 268: 201:European Theater 155:Eighth Air Force 106: 69: 52: 50: 35: 21: 20: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6099: 5895: 5894: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5861: 5859: 5850: 5765: 5741: 5720: 5670: 5642: 5639:-Leipzig/Mockau 5593: 5558: 5549:Jimmy Doolittle 5522:Royal Air Force 5491: 5449: 5438: 5378:The short film 5364:The short film 5348: 5346: 5342: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5303: 5301: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5267: 5265: 5256: 5253: 5243: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5199: 5197: 5178: 5176: 5156: 5144:Calculated Risk 5133: 5128: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5034:. June 6, 1986. 5024: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4773: 4771: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4638: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4582: 4580: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4543:mastermason.com 4537: 4536: 4532: 4519: 4517: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4454:"Famous masons" 4452: 4451: 4447: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4412: 4411: 4407: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4360: 4356: 4346: 4344: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4269: 4267: 4255: 4249: 4245: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4208: 4197: 4186: 4182: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4144:Emme, Eugene M. 4140: 4136: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4097: 4090: 4079: 4075: 4064: 4060: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4023: 4019: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3980: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3948: 3947: 3940: 3938: 3931:"Enigmatic Man" 3927: 3923: 3916: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3883: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3789: 3782: 3768: 3764: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3717: 3713: 3699: 3697: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3564:Air & Space 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3501:Flying Magazine 3495: 3494: 3487: 3480:Air & Space 3474: 3473: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3399: 3398: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3364: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3327: 3311:Baby Bottleneck 3294:Roland Emmerich 3238: 3200: 3026: 2982: 2980: 2967: 2965: 2952: 2950: 2939: 2937: 2924: 2922: 2909: 2907: 2892: 2890: 2877: 2875: 2862: 2860: 2845: 2843: 2829: 2817: 2802: 2790: 2775: 2749: 2737: 2720: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2591: 2584: 2577: 2558: 2543: 2542: 2536: 2529: 2522: 2515: 2502: 2501: 2495: 2477: 2476: 2470: 2434: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2395: 2394: 2388: 2381: 2361: 2360: 2354: 2246:Barry Goldwater 2229:Barry Goldwater 2209:Barry Goldwater 2197: 2040:5 January 1946 1951:2 January 1942 1873: 1819:(Signal Corps) 1818: 1774:6 October 1917 1768: 1736: 1665:, piloting the 1635: 1623:Doolittle Drive 1566:MIT Corporation 1559:Harry S. Truman 1513: 1438: 1413: 1411:Doolittle Board 1408: 1363:escort fighters 1358: 1243: 1187:from President 1140:Rape of Nanjing 1124: 1118: 1110:court martialed 1079:McClellan Field 1013: 960:Richard E. Cole 948: 917:Newton D. Baker 902:Thompson Trophy 850: 811: 793: 642:carrier pigeons 544: 542:Military career 474: 335:, known as the 293:Other work 280: 264: 260: 257: 243: 238: 234: 229: 225: 220: 186:Pacific Theater 179: 175: 161: 157: 124: 119: 114: 92: 71: 67: 54: 48: 46: 38: 26: 25:James Doolittle 17: 12: 11: 5: 6108: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5892: 5891: 5879: 5856: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5847:SKF, Puerstein 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5827: 5824: 5819: 5816: 5815:D.K.F.-Leipzig 5813: 5810: 5800: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5756: 5754: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5733: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5711: 5701: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5660: 5652: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5634: 5629: 5626: 5625:/Obertraubling 5620: 5610: 5608: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5582: 5579:Black Thursday 5566: 5564: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5533: 5514: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5396: 5390: 5376: 5356: 5355: 5340: 5325: 5310: 5289: 5274: 5252: 5251:External links 5249: 5248: 5247: 5242:978-0275969042 5241: 5228: 5206: 5185: 5160: 5154: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5104: 5083: 5057: 5037: 5017: 5005:"Earhart Road" 4996: 4969: 4951: 4933: 4908: 4886: 4860: 4826: 4807: 4781: 4755: 4738: 4709: 4683: 4667: 4648: 4609: 4593: 4560: 4530: 4497: 4467: 4445: 4423: 4405: 4381: 4354: 4326: 4299: 4281: 4243: 4220: 4207:978-0962653469 4206: 4180: 4165: 4134: 4116: 4110:978-0553078077 4109: 4088: 4073: 4058: 4043: 4017: 3992: 3962: 3921: 3914: 3893: 3881: 3863: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3814:, p. 166. 3804: 3787: 3780: 3762: 3747: 3726: 3711: 3674: 3649: 3622: 3613: 3587: 3574: 3549: 3532: 3506: 3485: 3464: 3450: 3417: 3389: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3303: 3287: 3274:Vincent Riotta 3271: 3255: 3237: 3234: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3187:class exemplar 3183: 3164: 3153: 3145: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3116: 3105: 3098: 3091: 3088: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3052: 3045: 3025: 3022: 2985: 2984: 2973: 2958: 2942: 2941: 2930: 2915: 2899: 2898: 2883: 2868: 2852: 2851: 2848:United Kingdom 2836: 2831: 2823: 2822: 2812: 2807: 2805:campaign stars 2796: 2795: 2785: 2780: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2715: 2713:Medal of Honor 2709: 2708: 2701: 2700: 2690: 2689: 2682: 2675: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2652: 2644: 2643: 2636: 2629: 2621: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2551: 2544: 2530: 2523: 2516: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2478: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2396: 2382: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2362: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2336: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2257:Medal of Honor 2244:Major General 2225:U.S. Air Force 2223:(O-10) on the 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2166: 2160: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2133: 2127: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2103: 2097: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2078: 2072: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2022: 2021: 2020:13 March 1944 2018: 2015: 2009: 1999: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1976: 1975: 1974:23 April 1942 1972: 1969: 1963: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1939: 1933: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1837: 1834: 1824: 1823: 1822:11 March 1918 1820: 1811: 1805: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1761: 1759:Aviation Cadet 1756: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1676:, California. 1659:U.S. Air Force 1634: 1631: 1512: 1511:Reserve status 1509: 1437: 1434: 1430:Hanson Baldwin 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1357: 1354: 1242: 1239: 1229:fleet carriers 1208:in June 1942. 1201:Doolittle Raid 1185:Medal of Honor 1120:Main article: 1117: 1114: 1011:Doolittle Raid 1009:Main article: 1003:Doolittle Raid 999:B-25B Mitchell 947: 946:Doolittle Raid 944: 849: 848:Reserve status 846: 792: 789: 646:Del Rio, Texas 572:Rockwell Field 543: 540: 528:Theta Kappa Nu 489: Shephard 473: 470: 419:escort fighter 415:B-25B Mitchell 407:Doolittle Raid 337:Doolittle Raid 329:Medal of Honor 316: 315: 294: 290: 289: 286: 282: 281: 262: 258: 255: 254: 252: 248: 247: 218:Medal of Honor 215: 211: 210: 209: 208: 203: 198: 193: 191:Doolittle Raid 188: 170: 166: 165: 152: 148: 147: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 108: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 83: 81: 77: 76: 70:(aged 96) 64: 60: 59: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6107: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5890: 5880: 5878: 5868: 5867: 5864: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5771:Ball bearings 5768: 5761: 5760:Messerschmitt 5758: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5667:B.B.F.-Furth) 5666: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5526:Arthur Harris 5523: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5511:Arthur Tedder 5508: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5471:1943 CBO Plan 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5440:World War II 5435: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5382: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5368: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5345: 5341: 5330: 5326: 5315: 5311: 5299: 5295: 5290: 5279: 5275: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5244: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5214: 5213: 5207: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5155:1-891661-44-2 5151: 5146: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5114: 5108: 5093: 5087: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5006: 5000: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4918: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4748: 4742: 4726: 4719: 4713: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4679: 4678: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4605: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4527: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4485: 4481: 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3435: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3394: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3296:'s 2019 film 3295: 3291: 3290:Aaron Eckhart 3288: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3264:'s 2001 film 3263: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3248:'s 1944 film 3247: 3243: 3242:Spencer Tracy 3240: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3204: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180:Ronald Reagan 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3096: 3093:His Bolivian 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2793:campaign star 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2527: 2520: 2513: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2418: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2352: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2301:Great Britain 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234:Ronald Reagan 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2217:Ronald Reagan 2210: 2206: 2205:Ronald Reagan 2201: 2188: 2184: 2181:4 April 1985 2180: 2178: 2177:Retired List 2175: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2144:Retired List 2142: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1990:Major General 1987: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897:5 March 1930 1896: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701:B-25 Mitchell 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1639: 1633:Personal life 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529:ghost rockets 1526: 1521: 1519: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:space science 1433: 1431: 1426: 1417: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330:B-26 Marauder 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:major general 1300: 1296: 1295:George Kenney 1292: 1291:Frank Andrews 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1190: 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513: 509: 505: 500: 498: 494: 488: 483: 479: 469: 467: 463: 462: 457: 456: 451: 450:Ronald Reagan 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 388:Harmon Trophy 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 295: 291: 287: 283: 253: 249: 246: 241: 237: 232: 228: 223: 219: 216: 212: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 182: 178: 174: 171: 167: 164: 160: 156: 153: 149: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 117: 112: 109: 103: 100:United States 99: 95: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 65: 61: 57: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5832:-Schweinfurt 5818:R.I.V.-Turin 5779:Kugelfischer 5713:(Focke Wulf 5548: 5399: 5380: 5366: 5358: 5357: 5347:. 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Retrieved 3355: 3309: 3306:Bob Clampett 3297: 3283: 3277: 3267:Pearl Harbor 3265: 3258:Alec Baldwin 3249: 3246:Mervyn LeRoy 3227: 3220: 3209: 3167: 3148: 3139: 3079:The city of 3073: 3072: 3035:Other awards 3034: 3033: 3028: 2995: 2988: 2975: 2960: 2945: 2932: 2917: 2902: 2885: 2870: 2855: 2838: 2818:with bronze 2791:with bronze 2778:service star 2721:with bronze 2254: 2240:and retired 2238:U.S. Senator 2214: 2186: 2176: 2171: 2143: 2138: 2108: 2085:10 May 1946 1921:1 July 1940 1840:Regular Army 1779:No insignia 1755:No insignia 1721: 1678: 1671: 1667:F-101 Voodoo 1655:A-26 Invader 1652: 1644: 1622: 1612: 1585: 1570: 1563: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1522: 1514: 1474: 1466: 1439: 1422: 1375:Sturmgruppen 1374: 1370: 1359: 1319: 1287:George Brett 1260: 1251:Curtis LeMay 1233: 1223: 1218:Lost Horizon 1216: 1210: 1198: 1182: 1178: 1145: 1125: 1093: 1088: 1075:Wagner Field 1068: 1042: 1014: 997:depicting a 984: (CV-8) 981: 968: (CV-8) 965: 936:Indianapolis 929: 925: 911: 899: 880: 873: 862: 823: 819: 812: 785:outside loop 765: 730: 710: 703: 672:de Havilland 669: 667:fraternity. 650: 634: 611: 584: 561: 502:He attended 501: 482:Nome, Alaska 475: 459: 453: 423: 396: 376:outside loop 348:Nome, Alaska 345: 333:World War II 320: 319: 206:Pearl Harbor 181:World War II 169:Battles/wars 68:(1993-09-27) 18: 5910:1993 deaths 5905:1896 births 5783:Schweinfurt 5717:components) 5632:Steyr-Werke 5553:Carl Spaatz 5383: (1925) 5369: (1980) 5222:October 31, 4989:February 3, 4942:"Go Flight" 4583:October 13, 4553:October 13, 4520:October 13, 4031:history.com 3981:November 2, 3382:November 9, 3318:Spike Jones 3262:Michael Bay 3176:Gerald Ford 2923:Grand-Cross 2742:Bronze Star 2728:Silver Star 2269:Silver Star 2060:1 May 1946 1911: Major 1872:1 July 1920 1728:33rd degree 1533:Scandinavia 1489:Hugh Dryden 1338:Pantelleria 1311:Battipaglia 1193:White House 1169:paratyphoid 1071:Eglin Field 995:USAF Museum 993:Exhibit at 906:Gee Bee R-1 835:directional 826:instruments 757:Curtiss R3C 745:Long Island 630:Air Service 587:World War I 516:Los Angeles 512:Frank Capra 493:Los Angeles 399:World War I 368:aeronautics 227:Silver Star 173:World War I 128:(1947–1959) 123:(1941–1947) 118:(1918–1941) 113:(1917–1918) 5899:Categories 5753:production 5732:production 5699:Marienburg 5695:Focke-Wulf 5623:Regensburg 5618:Bad Vöslau 5571:Blitz Week 5563:Operations 5496:Key people 5444:(Part of: 5118:August 25, 5010:August 25, 4747:"Decision" 4490:October 4, 4270:October 5, 3800:Scott 2015 3700:October 5, 3606:January 8, 3405:www.af.mil 3347:References 2281:Air Medals 1713:Bill Bower 1627:Space Park 1501:Rocketdyne 1485:Guy Stever 1367:combat box 1234:Shangri-La 1213:Shangri-La 1102:John Birch 885:race from 876:100 octane 755:race in a 713:test pilot 626:Eagle Pass 360:Airco DH.4 301:test pilot 97:Allegiance 49:1896-12-14 5877:Biography 5762:-Augsburg 5657:Brunswick 5545:Ira Eaker 5454:Documents 5349:March 21, 5334:March 21, 5319:March 21, 5304:March 21, 5283:March 21, 5268:March 21, 5200:March 21, 4926:April 12, 4853:March 21, 4189:John Keel 3889:Wolk 2003 3838:, p. 171. 3667:April 20, 3438:0458-3035 3198:Namesakes 3000:from the 2966:3rd Grade 2940:(France) 2876:1st Class 2776:with one 2747:Air Medal 1709:Louisiana 1625:at TRW's 1525:Stockholm 1495:from the 1383:Luftwaffe 1232:USS 1161:dysentery 1041:USS 1021:June 1941 980:USS 964:USS 897:biplane. 891:Cleveland 838:gyroscope 763:in 1926. 687:San Diego 659:from the 599:Louisiana 370:from the 364:doctorate 251:Spouse(s) 240:Air Medal 136:1917–1959 5889:Aviation 5704:Fieseler 5586:Big Week 5173:Archived 5140:(2005). 4702:June 30, 4547:Archived 4514:Archived 4484:Archived 4462:Archived 4191:(1996). 3951:cite web 3904:(2012). 3876:BBC News 3826:, p. 19. 3571:(6): 37. 3373:Archived 3325:See also 3172:Bob Hope 3136:in 1989. 3126:in 1966. 3058:Admiral 2271:, three 1741:Insignia 1693:Virginia 1604:Explorer 1600:Vanguard 1588:chairman 1379:Fw 190As 1165:Unit 731 1132:Nancheng 1056:Yokohama 776:P-1 Hawk 749:New York 297:Air race 285:Children 151:Commands 105:Service/ 5863:Portals 5802:V.K.F.- 5710:/Waldau 5659:/Waggum 5598:Targets 5131:Sources 4879:July 8, 4664:. 1943. 4294:mit.edu 3988:(MAAF). 3737:Defense 3503:. 2013. 3482:. 2003. 3443:July 6, 3410:July 6, 3189:at the 3122:at the 2955:Belgium 2895:Morocco 2880:Ecuador 2865:Bolivia 2861:Officer 2707:(1981) 2293:Ecuador 2285:Belgium 2279:, four 2221:general 2187:Source: 1695:, near 1596:Sputnik 1590:of the 1406:Postwar 1332:of the 1324:in the 1271:colonel 1191:at the 1173:anthrax 1153:typhoid 1149:cholera 1136:Jiangxi 956:mission 940:Detroit 893:, in a 683:Florida 620:of the 585:During 558:in 1925 446:general 392:airline 325:general 299:pilot, 279: 263: 259: 91:, U.S.) 5808:Erkner 5804:Berlin 5793:-Steyr 5751:Me 410 5747:Me 210 5730:Ju 188 5728:& 5715:Bremen 5708:Kassel 5691:-Tutow 5584:1944 ( 5569:1943 ( 5405:C-SPAN 5239: 5152: 4374:May 1, 4204: 4107: 3912: 3778: 3636:Flight 3436: 3299:Midway 3178:, and 3149:Flying 3074:Honors 2927:France 2912:Poland 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