426:
449:. In January or February 1644, Jirgalang requested that his name be placed after Dorgon's in all official communications. On February 17, 1644, Jirgalang, who was a capable military leader but looked uninterested in managing state affairs, willingly yielded control of all official matters to Dorgon. He was not present when Qing forces entered Beijing in early June 1644. In 1647 he was removed from his post of regent and replaced by Dorgon's brother
314:
353:
in
October 1644. Dorgon eventually purged him of his regent title in 1647. After Dorgon died in 1650, Jirgalang led an effort to clean the government of Dorgon's supporters. Jirgalang was one of ten "
487:'s) partisans. Southern Ming loyalist He Tengjiao was also killed at Xiangtan by Kong Youde. He returned to Beijing in 1650 after having the capture of He Tengjiao against the forces of the
453:. Despite his removal, Jirgalang continued to serve as a military leader. In March 1648, Dorgon ordered the arrest of Jirgalang on various charges and had Jirgalang degraded from a
511:
may try to succeed Dorgon, Jirgalang and his group arrested Ajige in early 1651. Jirgalang remained a powerful figure at the Qing imperial court until his death in 1655. The
1527:
1422:
1344:
461:
454:
354:
1349:
1277:
1572:
1106:
1329:
914:
1369:
1587:
1101:
569:; 1633–1660) inherited his princely title, but the name of the princehood was changed from "Zheng" (鄭) to "Jian" (簡). The title "
1597:
1577:
1268:
919:
577:
praised
Jirgalang for his role in the Qing defeat of Ming and granted Jirgalang a place in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
512:
337:, the founder of the Qing dynasty. From 1638 to 1643, he took part in many military campaigns that helped destroy the
1207:
1178:
1149:
1120:
358:
1086:
581:
552:
370:
206:
1225:
1602:
1582:
544:
220:
361:(鐵帽子王), who had the right to transmit their princely titles to their direct male descendants perpetually.
471:. In early 1649, Jirgalang, accompanied by Han Chinese soldiers under Han Chinese banner general Prince
1261:
1201:
1172:
1143:
1114:
895:
488:
285:
507:
and who returned to power after the latter died on
December 31, 1650. Concerned that Dorgon's brother
401:, and Huangtaiji himself), Jirgalang participated in many military campaigns against the Ming and the
467:. Later in the same year, however, Jirgalang was sent to southern China to fight troops loyal to the
812:
Mistress, of the
Daigiya clan (庶福晋 戴佳氏), daughter of Master Commander of Cavalry Nandahai (云骑尉品级南达海)
1130:
1241:
The Great
Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China
1091:
417:
that surrendered to Qing forces in April of that year after more than one year of resistance.
1592:
1254:
769:
Mistress, of the Sardu clan (庶福晋 萨尔都氏), daughter of Master
Commander of Cavalry Dahu (云骑尉达祜)
622:
503:
has called the "Jirgalang faction" was composed of Manchu princes and nobles who had opposed
28:. In accordance with Manchu custom, it should be used alone or with titles but not with the
1567:
1562:
1096:
638:
377:. In 1630, when Amin was stripped of his titles for having failed to fight an army of the
8:
1307:
1188:
1159:
374:
1501:
1447:
1379:
1236:
626:
574:
243:
1496:
1432:
1359:
630:
599:
346:
308:
273:
139:
702:(继福晋 叶赫那拉氏), daughter of prince De'erheli (德尔赫礼台吉), granddaughter of Yehe beile
528:
475:
loyal to the Qing, ordered a six-day massacre of the inhabitants of the city of
699:
603:
516:
402:
1556:
1506:
1473:
1437:
1364:
743:
468:
450:
430:
409:", with rights of perpetual inheritance. In 1642, Jirgalang led the siege of
386:
318:
1312:
1090:
625:(Duanhua's younger brother) were politically active during the reign of the
543:
Soon after
Jirgalang died of illness on June 11, 1655, his second son Jidu (
398:
1221:
909:
751:
Secondary consort, Yehenara Sutai (叶赫那拉·苏泰), daughter of De'erheli (德尔赫礼台吉)
731:
629:(r. 1851-1861). They were appointed as two of eight regents for the infant
570:
500:
442:
406:
378:
345:(Nurhaci's successor) in September 1643, Jirgalang became one of the young
338:
322:
250:
59:
778:
755:
1129:
890:
642:
634:
349:'s two co-regents, but he soon yielded most political power to co-regent
326:
160:
33:
17:
598:; d. 1681) participated in military campaigns in the second half of the
1457:
1389:
1317:
1187:
1158:
484:
472:
425:
382:
342:
21:
654:
330:
170:
1537:
1442:
1374:
882:
672:
611:
483:
due to fierce resistance by Li Chixin's army who were former Chuang (
1481:
1402:
1302:
828:
445:, a fortified Ming position that guarded access to the plain around
394:
859:
799:
Kunlan (裈兰), fifth son, served as first rank military official (都统)
734:
703:
476:
414:
181:
420:
1287:
852:
Wife, of the
Mengguosu clan (妾蒙郭苏氏), daughter of Maimishan (迈密山)
816:
804:
Mistress, of the Yun clan (庶福晋 云氏), daughter of
Dekesuoni (德克素尼)
709:
Secondary consort, of the Gu'erhasu clan (侧福晋 钴尔哈苏氏)，daughter of
689:
618:
607:
532:
446:
410:
334:
155:
29:
740:
Fu'erdun (富尔敦;1633-1651), first son, heir apparent Quehou (悫厚世子)
494:
1532:
1491:
1427:
1407:
1354:
1324:
1246:
846:
Wife, of Dai clan (妾戴氏), daughter of
Xiaoqijiao songkun (骁骑校松坤)
840:
667:
Paternal grandmother: Hitara Emeci, Empress Xuan (喜塔拉。额穆齐, 宣皇后)
589:
560:
524:
504:
438:
350:
389:, which had been under Amin's command. As one of "four senior
321:
noble, regent, and political and military leader of the early
1522:
1412:
1334:
1196:. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 439–440.
796:
Mistress, of the An clan (庶福晋 安氏), daughter of Tielani (贴喇尼)
661:
508:
480:
390:
441:, in November or December 1643 Jirgalang was sent to attack
313:
1243:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
877:
717:
693:
633:(r. 1862-1874), but were quickly overthrown in 1861 in the
520:
87:
1167:. United States Government Printing Office. p. 397.
1138:. United States Government Printing Office. p. 214.
580:
Jirgalang's second son Jidu and Jidu's second son Labu (
849:
Wife, of the Jin clan (妾晋氏), daughter of Shanlong (山隆)
255:
1233:. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
1554:
1231:: Manchu Politics in the Oboi Regency, 1661-1669
737:clan (扎鲁特博尔济吉特氏), daughter of beile Bage (巴格贝勒)
772:Gumei (固美), Bulwark General (辅国将军), seventh son
706:(金台石, pinyin:jintaishi), elder sister of Sutai.
433:, of which Jirgalang was given control in 1630.
421:Co-regency (1643-1647) and disgrace (1647-1650)
491:, the last ruler of the Southern Ming regime.
317:19 November 1599 – June 11, 1655) was a
1262:
940:
938:
936:
934:
225:
211:
819:clan (庶福晋 钮祜禄氏), daughter of Bai'erge (伯尔格)
758:clan (庶福晋 瓜尔佳氏), daughter of Chalalai (察喇赖)
1073:Kennedy (1943c): 397; Kennedy (1943d): 439.
1064:Kennedy (1943a): 398; Kennedy (1943b): 214.
1049:
807:Wuxi (武锡;1653-1707), Bulwark General (辅国将军)
1269:
1255:
1218:清朝通史: 順治卷 . Beijing: Zijincheng chubanshe.
1214:Li Zhiting 李治亭 (editor in chief). (2003).
931:
499:The group led by Jirgalang that historian
915:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
146:Prince Zhengxian of the First Rank (鄭獻親王)
1185:
1156:
1127:
1107:United States Government Printing Office
1085:
961:
959:
920:Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing
831:clan(妾 赫舍里氏), daughter of Daidali (戴达礼)
675:Hunai, secondary consort ( 侧福晋 乌拉那拉·虎奈)
617:Jirgalang's 13th generation descendants
424:
781:clan(庶福晋 瓜尔佳氏), daughter of Zhata (扎塔)
373:under the command of his older brother
1555:
573:" was re-established in 1778 when the
538:
1250:
956:
876:Portrayed by Im Byung-ki in the 1981
870:
858:married E'erkedaiqing (额尔克戴青) of the
364:
357:" (和碩親王) whose descendants were made
1194:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
1165:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
1136:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
1102:Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period
1028:Fang (1943): 5; Wakeman (1985), 895.
602:'s reign and the early reign of the
405:. In 1636 he was granted the title "
369:In 1627, Jirgalang took part in the
843:clan (妾 马氏), daughter of Wulai (武赖)
495:The "Jirgalang faction" (1651-1655)
371:first Manchu campaign against Korea
13:
1573:Deliberative Princes and Ministers
1192:. In Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.).
1163:. In Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.).
1134:. In Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.).
14:
1614:
834:Hailun (海伦, 1655-1683), tenth son
723:Prince Jianchun of the First Rank
1276:
822:Liuxi (留锡;1648-1703), eighth son
312:
1067:
1058:
1040:
1031:
1022:
789:Prince Jianwu of the First Rank
1588:Manchu Bordered Blue Bannermen
1216:Qingchao tongshi: Shunzhi juan
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
947:
641:and the young emperor's uncle
594:
585:
565:
556:
548:
407:Prince Zheng of the First Rank
385:gave Jirgalang control of the
329:clan, he was the sixth son of
256:
226:
212:
52:Prince Zheng of the First Rank
40:Prince Zheng of the First Rank
1:
1598:Imperial Clan of Qing dynasty
1578:Qing dynasty imperial princes
1206:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1177:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1148:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1119:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1079:
692:clan (嫡福晋 钮祜禄氏), daughter of
535:, were among his supporters.
60:House of Prince Zheng peerage
974:Wakeman (1985), vol. 1: 299.
721:(济度;1633-1660), second son,
437:While Dorgon was staying in
413:, an important Ming city in
7:
903:
10:
1619:
1186:Kennedy, George A (1943).
1157:Kennedy, George A (1943).
1128:Kennedy, George A (1943).
764:锡图军; 1642-1651), sixth son
746:(勒度;1636-1655), third son,
730:Secondary consort, of the
429:Flag of the Bordered Blue
278:
15:
1515:
1470:
1456:
1388:
1286:
648:
355:princes of the first rank
294:
284:
272:
267:
249:
242:
237:
233:
219:
205:
200:
196:
191:
180:Lady Ula Nara, Sister of
176:
166:
154:
145:
138:
133:
128:
124:
112:
97:
93:
83:
73:
65:
57:
50:
45:
953:Wakeman (1985), 221-222.
925:
698:Primary consort, of the
688:Primary consort, of the
393:" (the other three were
207:Traditional Chinese
965:Li Zhiting (2003): 368.
333:, a younger brother of
221:Simplified Chinese
893:in the 2017 TV Series
660:Paternal Grandfather:
434:
1227:Ruling from Horseback
1097:Hummel, Arthur W. Sr.
1055:Kennedy (1943a): 398.
944:Kennedy (1943a): 397.
713:Zhuoliketu (卓礼克图塔布囊)
679:Maternal grandfather:
428:
341:. After the death of
1603:17th-century regents
1583:Qing dynasty regents
1037:Wakeman (1985), 928.
1019:Oxnam (1975): 47-49.
1010:Wakeman (1985), 895.
1001:Wakeman (1985), 767.
992:Wakeman (1985), 881.
983:Wakeman (1985), 874.
684:Consorts and issue:
639:Empress Dowager Cixi
465:(second-rank prince)
387:Bordered Blue Banner
1109:. pp. 397–398.
621:(Prince Zheng) and
553:traditional Chinese
539:Death and posterity
513:four future regents
458:(first-rank prince)
871:In popular culture
791:(简武亲王), fourth son
754:Mistress , of the
606:, notably against
545:simplified Chinese
435:
365:Career before 1643
359:"iron-cap" princes
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1237:Wakeman, Frederic
1202:cite encyclopedia
1173:cite encyclopedia
1144:cite encyclopedia
1115:cite encyclopedia
1092:"Jirgalang"
1087:Kennedy, George A
1046:Oxnam (1975): 38.
815:Mistress, of the
777:Mistress, of the
298:
297:
263:
262:
244:Standard Mandarin
187:
186:
150:
149:
1610:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1396:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1222:Oxnam, Robert B.
1211:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1110:
1094:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
954:
951:
945:
942:
627:Xianfeng Emperor
596:
587:
575:Qianlong Emperor
567:
558:
550:
316:
280:
259:
258:
235:
234:
229:
228:
215:
214:
189:
188:
126:
125:
119:
108:19 November 1599
107:
105:
43:
42:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1511:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1452:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1282:
1275:
1199:
1198:
1170:
1169:
1141:
1140:
1112:
1111:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
978:
973:
969:
964:
957:
952:
948:
943:
932:
928:
906:
873:
855:First daughter
682:
651:
631:Tongzhi Emperor
600:Shunzhi Emperor
541:
497:
479:in present-day
423:
367:
347:Shunzhi Emperor
140:Posthumous name
117:
103:
101:
78:peerage created
41:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1219:
1212:
1183:
1154:
1131:"Daišan"
1125:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
955:
946:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
905:
902:
901:
900:
896:Rule the World
887:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:
865:
864:
863:
850:
847:
844:
837:
836:
835:
825:
824:
823:
813:
810:
809:
808:
802:
801:
800:
794:
793:
792:
775:
774:
773:
767:
766:
765:
752:
749:
748:
747:
741:
728:
727:
726:
707:
700:Yehe-Nara clan
696:
681:
680:
669:
668:
665:
664:, Emperor Xuan
650:
647:
604:Kangxi Emperor
540:
537:
517:Kangxi Emperor
496:
493:
489:Yongli Emperor
422:
419:
403:Chahar Mongols
366:
363:
325:. Born in the
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
265:
264:
261:
260:
253:
247:
246:
240:
239:
238:Transcriptions
231:
230:
223:
217:
216:
209:
203:
202:
198:
197:
194:
193:
185:
184:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
136:
135:
131:
130:
122:
121:
120:(aged 55)
114:
110:
109:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1471:commanders of
1469:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1395:(before 1636)
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
960:
950:
941:
939:
937:
935:
930:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
898:
897:
892:
889:Portrayed by
888:
885:
884:
879:
875:
874:
861:
857:
856:
854:
853:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:Wife, of the
838:
833:
832:
830:
827:Wife, of the
826:
821:
820:
818:
814:
811:
806:
805:
803:
798:
797:
795:
790:
786:
783:
782:
780:
776:
771:
770:
768:
763:
760:
759:
757:
753:
750:
745:
742:
739:
738:
736:
733:
729:
724:
720:
719:
715:
714:
712:
708:
705:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
686:
685:
678:
677:
676:
674:
666:
663:
659:
658:
657:
656:
646:
644:
640:
637:that brought
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
591:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
562:
554:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:Southern Ming
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:
427:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
310:
306:
302:
293:
289:
287:
283:
277:
275:
274:Manchu script
271:
266:
254:
252:
248:
245:
241:
236:
232:
224:
222:
218:
210:
208:
204:
199:
195:
190:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
144:
141:
137:
132:
127:
123:
115:
111:
100:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
56:
53:
49:
44:
36:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1593:Prince Zheng
1486:
1463:(since 1636)
1417:
1339:
1297:
1296:Four Senior
1279:Yizheng wang
1278:
1240:
1230:
1226:
1215:
1193:
1189:"Labu"
1164:
1160:"Jidu"
1135:
1100:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
949:
910:Prince Zheng
894:
881:
788:
784:
761:
722:
716:
710:
683:
670:
652:
616:
593:
579:
571:Prince Zheng
564:
542:
501:Robert Oxnam
498:
462:
455:
443:Shanhai Pass
436:
379:Ming dynasty
368:
339:Ming dynasty
323:Qing dynasty
304:
300:
299:
286:Romanization
251:Hanyu Pinyin
201:Chinese name
118:(1655-06-11)
116:11 June 1655
77:
51:
32:
25:
1568:1655 deaths
1563:1599 births
891:Liu Haikuan
643:Prince Gong
635:Xinyou Coup
327:Aisin Gioro
268:Manchu name
257:Jì'ěrhālǎng
161:Aisin Gioro
74:Predecessor
34:Aisin Gioro
18:Manchu name
1557:Categories
1318:Hong Taiji
1313:Manggūltai
1080:References
880:TV Series
645:to power.
485:Li Zicheng
473:Kong Youde
399:Manggūltai
383:Huangtaiji
343:Huangtaiji
104:1599-11-19
22:given name
1538:Sahaliyan
1487:Jirgalang
1443:Sahaliyan
1418:Jirgalang
1375:Sahaliyan
1350:Jaisanggū
1340:Jirgalang
883:Daemyeong
779:Gūwalgiya
762:Xitujun (
756:Gūwalgiya
612:Wu Sangui
305:Jirhalang
301:Jirgalang
290:Jirgalang
192:Jirgalang
134:Jirgalang
84:Successor
69:1636-1655
46:Jirgalang
30:clan name
26:Jirgalang
1390:Tiancong
1288:Tianming
1239:(1985).
1224:(1975).
1089:(1943).
904:See also
860:Borjigin
785:Ba'erkan
735:Borjigin
711:tabunang
704:Gintaisi
673:Ula Nara
671:Mother:
653:Father:
477:Xiangtan
415:Liaodong
279:ᠵᡳᡵᡤᠠᠯᠠᠩ
182:Bujantai
58:Head of
16:In this
1458:Chongde
1330:Degelei
1099:(ed.).
817:Niohuru
787:(巴尔堪),
690:Niohuru
655:Šurhaci
619:Duanhua
608:Koxinga
582:Chinese
533:Suksaha
515:of the
463:junwang
456:qinwang
447:Beijing
411:Jinzhou
335:Nurhaci
331:Šurhaci
171:Šurhaci
1533:Abatai
1516:Others
1492:Dorgon
1482:Daišan
1474:Banner
1428:Dorgon
1408:Abatai
1403:Daišan
1355:Dorgon
1325:Abatai
1303:Daišan
1298:Beiles
829:Hešeri
725:(简纯亲王)
649:Family
623:Sushun
592::
590:pinyin
584::
563::
561:pinyin
555::
547::
531:, and
525:Ebilun
505:Dorgon
439:Mukden
431:Banner
395:Daišan
351:Dorgon
319:Manchu
309:Manchu
177:Mother
167:Father
66:Tenure
20:, the
1523:Ajige
1502:Hooge
1448:Hooge
1413:Ajige
1380:Hooge
1335:Ajige
1095:. In
926:Notes
732:Jarud
662:Taksi
529:Sonin
509:Ajige
481:Hunan
460:to a
391:beile
156:House
129:Names
1528:Dudu
1507:Yoto
1497:Dodo
1438:Yoto
1433:Dodo
1423:Dudu
1370:Šoto
1365:Yoto
1360:Dodo
1345:Dudu
1308:Amin
1208:link
1179:link
1150:link
1121:link
878:KBS1
862:clan
744:Ledu
718:Jidu
694:Eidu
610:and
595:Lăbù
566:Jìdù
521:Oboi
451:Dodo
375:Amin
227:济尔哈朗
213:濟爾哈朗
113:Died
98:Born
88:Jidu
1460:era
1392:era
1290:era
303:or
24:is
1559::
1204:}}
1200:{{
1175:}}
1171:{{
1146:}}
1142:{{
1117:}}
1113:{{
1105:.
958:^
933:^
841:Ma
614:.
588:;
586:喇布
559:;
557:濟度
551:;
549:济度
527:,
523:,
519:,
397:,
381:,
311::
1270:e
1263:t
1256:v
1210:)
1181:)
1152:)
1123:)
899:.
886:.
307:(
106:)
102:(
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
