40:
1342:, the Book of Solomon and prophets. During the process of translation, Fabricius had to face a lot of difficulty due to the lack of enough printing paper in Tranquebar. After much effort in 1756 a version of the Psalms was finally printed. However the final translation of the Old Testament was not printed until 1798, almost a decade after Fabricius' death.
1294:. When the spoils of war were brought to Madras the printing press was passed on to Fabricius to aid his missionary work as well as to be used for the East India company's publications. Thus the first printing press in Madras was installed under Fabricius's supervision in 1761. Initially Fabricius had problems with importing
1334:
The New
Testament which emerged from the Press in 1758 was a peculiar combination; the first seven books had no sign of influence of Fabricius while the rest of the work was entirely the translation done by him. At last in 1766, Fabricius could print his translation of the New Testament from a press
1330:
had already begun, much to
Fabricius' disappointment. The printing process was also in full sway. At this point Fabricius decided to go back to Tranquebar and work with his colleagues on the Corinthians and Galatians. Fabricius' colleagues immediately realized the superiority of his work and decided
1318:
during his stay in Madras. As he read through the translation along with Muttu, Fabricius realized that changes had to be made to
Ziegenbalg's translation. "The four qualities which Fabricius found in the originals were lucidity, strength, brevity and appropriateness; these were sadly lacking in the
1357:
His last days in ministry were clouded by mismanagement of the mission, unsuccessful financial transactions among other failures. In 1778 the missionaries learned that
Fabricius had involved himself into quite a complex financial debt due to mismanagement of funds. Fabricius was imprisoned although
1301:
In 1779 he published the first Tamil to
English dictionary containing 9000 headwords. This work laid the foundation for his future works in Tamil literature. It was published under the title "A Malabar and English dictionary, wherein the words and phrases of the Tamil Language, commonly called by
1275:, most of them translated from German. The initial compositions by Ziegenbalg were not very well done and when Fabricius came to Madras he had this field of work entirely to himself and gained quite a mastery over this art. Even today hymns by Fabricius are sung by Christians in South India.
1514:. Fabricius published the Tamil grammar in English which was only sixty three pages long. This was published in 1778, and fifteen years later a revised edition came out. Fabricius also made excellent use of the work already done by Ziegenbalg in bringing out the Tamil-English lexicon.
1358:
his friends were allowed to visit him from time to time. At last
Gericke, who had taken over his work, was able to secure a release for Fabricius, so that he could spend his last few days in peace. Johann Philipp Fabricius died on 23 January 1791 in Madras.
1322:
In 1750 Fabricius finally completed his translation of the New
Testament. He was a diligent worker and made sure that he read out his work to a lot of people in order to get their feedback and response.
448:
1271:
An important area of work started initially by
Ziegenbalg and then later on taken up by Fabricius was Tamil Christian hymnody. Johann Philipp Fabricius published a collection of 335 Tamil
1338:
On 18 October 1756 Fabricius decided to focus his attention on the translation of the Old
Testament. He recognized that this would be infinitely more difficult because of the
1298:
for his press from Europe, but the problem was sorted out when
Indians in Madras started to manufacture their own paper, leading to first paper industry in Madras.
482:
1259:
from Europe. Benjamin Schultze and Johann Philipp Fabricius were the most noteworthy among them. Fabricius was Schultze’s successor and worked in
1595:
1302:
Europeans the Malabar Language, are explained in English, By the English Missionaries of Madras. Printed at Wepery in the Year M.DCC.LXXIX."
194:
1585:
1570:
473:
1473:
290:
1610:
1580:
563:
1575:
1526:
1507:
1488:
1136:
765:
1615:
1605:
398:
165:
1590:
790:
262:
1600:
635:
500:
490:
428:
393:
230:
1331:
to print his translation instead. They held the right to make corrections and suggestions whenever required.
433:
346:
785:
899:
660:
388:
1345:
The Lutheran churches in South India used Fabricius' translation for a period of over 150 years. The poet
60:
1067:
1022:
770:
299:
177:
173:
1474:
http://www.missionmanual.org/search/?title=Johann_Philipp_Fabricius&printable=yes&printable=yes
1279:
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308:
126:
1377:
1252:
744:
709:
610:
1129:
695:
495:
443:
413:
378:
221:
1319:
existing Tamil translation, but he hoped that by the help of God he had been able to restore them."
734:
583:
383:
856:
838:
670:
578:
1027:
871:
866:
523:
423:
1372:
1243:. After initial setbacks, the congregation grew from 300 to 2,200 members in his 30 years of
861:
505:
418:
403:
321:
276:
1349:
paid tribute to this work by calling it "the golden translation of the immortal Fabricius."
919:
1565:
1560:
1466:
1346:
1122:
1037:
1012:
809:
780:
665:
528:
267:
23:
1052:
8:
1102:
1097:
952:
366:
156:
1256:
1244:
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879:
775:
714:
538:
313:
202:
1184:
and expanded it during his stay. During his time in Madras he wrote several Christian
894:
1522:
1503:
1484:
1327:
1208:
680:
408:
329:
281:
211:
185:
1367:
1189:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1032:
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987:
972:
904:
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690:
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533:
136:
39:
909:
828:
1530:
1511:
1492:
1082:
1077:
992:
982:
924:
848:
843:
823:
760:
719:
645:
573:
548:
146:
1291:
1163:
1017:
997:
957:
889:
833:
804:
724:
675:
650:
605:
252:
235:
1255:. During the course of 1720 to 1849, around seventy-nine missionaries came to
1554:
1315:
1311:
1287:
1107:
1092:
938:
685:
568:
558:
438:
106:
101:
70:
739:
1382:
1174:
1156:
1087:
962:
914:
453:
131:
55:
1283:
1232:
1170:
1072:
977:
967:
884:
814:
729:
630:
245:
65:
31:
1192:
1159:
799:
795:
640:
615:
1236:
1220:
1177:
1500:
Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil
1212:
1166:
1153:
553:
543:
1339:
1260:
1240:
1181:
1295:
1272:
1196:
1185:
116:
91:
1472:
Johann Philipp Fabricius". Mission Manual. 15 April 2007.
1216:
1207:
Johann Philipp Fabricius was born on 22 January 1711 in
1545:
Christianity in India:from beginnings to the present
1335:that the British government made available to him.
1310:Ziegenbalg had left behind his translations of the
1552:
1251:infrastructure in South India were laid down by
1223:at Universities in Giessen and Halle, Germany.
1538:A History of Christianity in India (1707–1858)
1531:https://books.google.com/books?id=EFwSuuwM-EsC
1512:https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC
1493:https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC
1199:to Tamil is considered to be most noteworthy.
1481:Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
1169:in the later part of his life. He arrived in
1130:
195:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
1483:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 207.
1231:In 1740 Johann Philipp Fabricius arrived in
1521:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 24.
1188:in Tamil and published the first Tamil to
1152:(22 January 1711 – 23 January 1791) was a
1137:
1123:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1266:
1547:. Oxford University Press. pp. 152
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1596:Tamil scholars of non-Tamil background
1553:
1195:. Of his works his translation of the
752:
1428:
1403:
1540:. Cambridge University Press. 43-45.
1437:
1419:
1394:
1305:
1586:Translators of the Bible into Tamil
1571:18th-century German Lutheran clergy
13:
1173:in 1740 to take charge of a small
166:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
14:
1627:
1502:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 80.
1543:Frykenberg, Robert Eric. (2008)
1328:first epistle of the Corinthians
1235:to take charge of a small Tamil
212:Distinctive theological concepts
38:
1611:18th-century German translators
1247:. Initially the foundations of
1581:Lutheran missionaries in India
636:John Christian Frederick Heyer
491:International Lutheran Council
1:
1498:Prashant More, J. B. (2004).
1469:- Fabricius' editor in India.
1460:
1202:
16:German missionary and scholar
1576:German Lutheran missionaries
1352:
1326:By 1753 translations of the
900:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
661:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
7:
1616:German missionary linguists
1606:German expatriates in India
1361:
1226:
300:Priesthood of all believers
10:
1632:
1280:British East India Company
1043:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1008:Johannes Andreas Quenstedt
621:Johann Heinrich Callenberg
1479:Anderson, Gerald (1999).
496:Lutheran World Federation
483:Global Confessional &
222:Theology of Martin Luther
1517:Robert, Dana L. (2007).
1425:Frykenberg, Robert Eric.
1388:
1150:Johann Philipp Fabricius
753:Johann Phillip Fabricius
626:Johann Phillip Fabricius
584:Confessional Lutheranism
485:Missional Lutheran Forum
474:Confessional Evangelical
291:Two states of the Church
61:Start of the Reformation
1476:. Retrieved 2009-01-23.
1378:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1253:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1215:. He graduated in both
857:Norwegian Bible Society
839:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
745:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
671:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
611:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
1591:18th-century linguists
1519:Converting Colonialism
1028:August Hermann Francke
872:Stanislovas Rapolionis
867:Samuel Ludwik Zasadius
735:Kristian Osvald Viderø
524:History of Lutheranism
1601:Clergy from Frankfurt
1373:Christianity in India
1267:Literary contribution
862:Swedish Bible Society
786:Guðbrandur Þorláksson
579:High church Lutherans
506:Lutheranism by region
404:Anointing of the Sick
339:Other relevant topics
322:Theology of the Cross
84:Doctrine and theology
1347:Vedanayagam Sastriar
1038:Lars Levi Laestadius
1013:Johann Wilhelm Baier
810:Nils Vibe Stockfleth
781:Johannes Avetaranian
666:Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
444:Lutheran hymnwriters
1286:, which was then a
1263:from 1740 to 1791.
1103:Wolfhart Pannenberg
1098:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
953:Johannes Bugenhagen
791:Ludvig Olsen Fossum
476:Lutheran Conference
449:Normative principle
429:Liturgical calendar
157:Augsburg Confession
1434:Prashant More,J.B.
948:Philip Melanchthon
943:Katharina von Bora
920:Johann Ernst GlĂĽck
880:Laurentius Andreae
771:George Constantine
715:Casiodoro de Reina
539:Lutheran orthodoxy
434:Calendar of saints
203:Formula of Concord
1527:978-0-8028-1763-1
1508:978-81-250-2632-7
1489:978-0-8028-4680-8
1306:Bible translation
1290:, and acquired a
1209:Frankfurt am Main
1147:
1146:
1053:Søren Kierkegaard
703:Bible Translators
681:Paul Olaf Bodding
564:Finnish Awakening
354:
353:
330:Sacramental Union
309:Divine Providence
186:Smalcald Articles
1623:
1536:Neill, Stephen.
1467:Phines Rice Hunt
1455:
1452:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1416:Anderson, Gerald
1414:
1401:
1398:
1368:Constanzo Beschi
1239:congregation in
1180:congregation in
1139:
1132:
1125:
1063:Wilhelm Herrmann
1058:Albrecht Ritschl
1048:C. F. W. Walther
1033:Henry Muhlenberg
1003:Abraham Calovius
988:Matthias Flacius
973:Laurentius Petri
910:Mikołaj Jakubica
905:Antonio Brucioli
819:Laurentius Petri
696:Jens Christensen
691:Christian Keyser
656:F. C. D. Wyneken
534:Gnesio-Lutherans
529:Crypto-Lutherans
137:Athanasian Creed
88:
87:
42:
19:
18:
1631:
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1364:
1355:
1308:
1282:forces invaded
1269:
1229:
1205:
1143:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1083:Rudolf Bultmann
1078:Ernst Troeltsch
1068:F. W. Stellhorn
993:Martin Chemnitz
983:Mikael Agricola
929:
925:William F. Beck
895:Jonas Bretkūnas
853:
849:Mikael Agricola
844:Sebastian Krelj
824:Martti Rautanen
761:William Tyndale
749:
720:Kjell Magne Yri
700:
646:Martti Rautanen
597:
589:
588:
549:Radical Pietism
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510:
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334:
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314:Marian theology
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272:
258:
240:
226:
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178:Large Catechism
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147:Book of Concord
141:
127:Apostles' Creed
111:
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50:
17:
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1457:
1456:
1454:Neill,Stephen.
1436:
1427:
1418:
1402:
1400:Mission Manual
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1292:printing press
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1045:
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1018:Philipp Spener
1015:
1010:
1005:
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998:Johann Gerhard
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975:
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958:Johannes Brenz
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950:
945:
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890:Olaf M. Norlie
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834:Jurij Dalmatin
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805:Otto Fabricius
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725:Onesimos Nesib
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676:Onesimos Nesib
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651:Wilhelm Sihler
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414:Divine Service
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268:Sanctification
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253:Sola scriptura
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236:Law and Gospel
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174:Luther's Small
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1359:
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1317:
1316:New Testament
1313:
1303:
1299:
1297:
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1289:
1288:French colony
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1140:
1135:
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1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:Robert Jenson
1106:
1104:
1101:
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1096:
1094:
1093:Hermann Sasse
1091:
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966:
964:
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939:Martin Luther
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835:
832:
830:
829:PrimoĹľ Trubar
827:
825:
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816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:Jozef Roháček
774:
772:
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767:
764:
762:
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741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Martin Luther
708:
707:
705:
704:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Johann Flierl
684:
682:
679:
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612:
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603:
601:
593:
592:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Neo-Lutherans
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569:Old Lutherans
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501:Denominations
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439:Lutheran hymn
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102:Old Testament
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71:Protestantism
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1383:Missionaries
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1149:
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1088:Paul Tillich
1023:David Hollaz
963:Justus Jonas
941: /
931:
930:
915:Matthias Bel
817: /
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702:
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625:
600:Missionaries
599:
467:Organization
454:Lutheran art
394:Confirmation
277:Two kingdoms
251:
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176: /
132:Nicene Creed
56:Christianity
1566:1791 deaths
1561:1711 births
1284:Pondicherry
1233:South India
1171:South India
1073:Rudolf Otto
978:Olaus Petri
968:Hans Tausen
932:Theologians
885:Hans Tausen
815:Olaus Petri
766:John Rogers
730:Aster Ganno
631:Paul Henkel
596:Key figures
559:Laestadians
409:Holy Orders
369:and worship
282:catholicity
263:Christology
246:Sola gratia
66:Reformation
32:Lutheranism
1555:Categories
1461:References
1257:Tranquebar
1203:Early life
1193:Dictionary
1160:missionary
800:Paul Egede
796:Hans Egede
740:Jákup Dahl
641:Karl Graul
616:Hans Egede
389:Confession
367:Sacraments
49:Background
1353:Last days
1278:In 1761,
1157:Christian
518:Movements
399:Matrimony
384:Eucharist
1362:See also
1314:and the
1245:ministry
1237:Lutheran
1227:Ministry
1221:theology
1178:Lutheran
554:Haugeans
544:Pietists
24:a series
22:Part of
1249:dubashi
1213:Germany
1190:English
1167:scholar
424:Vespers
379:Baptism
1525:
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1340:Psalms
1261:Vepery
1241:Madras
1182:Madras
1162:and a
1154:German
419:Matins
117:Creeds
1389:Notes
1296:paper
1273:hymns
1197:Bible
1186:hymns
1175:Tamil
1164:Tamil
92:Bible
1523:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1219:and
1312:Old
1217:law
1557::
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