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232:. He made friends with a C. G. H. Shorting, whom he took as a private pupil. When Symonds refused to help Shorting gain admission to Magdalen, the younger man wrote to school officials alleging "that I had supported him in his pursuit of the chorister Walter Thomas Goolden (1848–1901), that I shared his habits and was bent on the same path." Although Symonds was officially cleared of any wrongdoing, he suffered a breakdown from the stress and shortly thereafter left the university for
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490:. Aware of the taboo nature of his subject matter, Symonds referred obliquely to pederasty as "that unmentionable custom" in a letter to a prospective reader of the book, but defined "Greek love" in the essay itself as "a passionate and enthusiastic attachment subsisting between man and youth, recognised by society and protected by opinion, which, though it was not free from sensuality, did not degenerate into mere licentiousness."
763:
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512:, which has been called "the most famous of his homoerotic poems". While the taboos of Victorian England prevented Symonds from speaking openly about homosexuality, his works published for a general audience contained strong implications and some of the first direct references to male-male sexual love in English literature. For example, in "The Meeting of
450:
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naked and fed sight, touch and mouth on these things." The relationship occupied a good part of his time, including one occasion he left his family and travelled to Italy and
Switzerland with Moor. The unconsummated affair also inspired his most productive period of composing poetry, published in 1880 as
160:
almost drowned when, sleepwalking in the attic of
Clifton Hill House, he reached a cistern of rainwater. According to Symonds, an angel with "blue eyes and wavy, blonde hair" woke him and brought him to safety; this figure frequented Symonds's dreams and was potentially his first homosexual awakening.
203:
in the following year. In spring of that same year, he fell in love with
William Fear Dyer (1843–1905), a Bristol choirboy three years younger. They engaged in a chaste love affair that lasted a year, until broken up by Symonds. The friendship continued for several years afterwards, until at least
280:
While in
Clifton in 1868, Symonds met and fell in love with Norman Moor (10 January 1851 – 6 March 1895), a youth about to go up to Oxford, who became his pupil. Symonds and Moor had a four-year affair but did not have sex, although according to Symonds's diary of 28 January 1870, "I stripped him
159:
at the age of ten, an event which he believed had a large and beneficial impact towards his health and spiritual development. Symonds's delicate condition continued, and as a child he suffered from nightmares in which corpses in and under his bed prompted sleepwalking; on one such occasion he was
441:", his work lacks the harmony and unity essential to the conduct of philosophical argument. His translations are among the finest in the language; here his subject was found for him, and he was able to lavish on it the wealth of colour and quick sympathy which were his characteristics.
273:
505:. Jowett was critical of Symonds's opinions on sexuality, but when Symonds was falsely accused of corrupting choirboys, Jowett supported him, despite his own equivocal views of the relation of Hellenism to contemporary legal and social issues that affected homosexuals.
414:
described
Symonds (known as "Opalstein" in Stevenson's essay) as "the best of talkers, singing the praises of the earth and the arts, flowers and jewels, wine and music, in a moonlight, serenading manner, as to the light guitar." Beneath his good fellowship, he was a
534:
By the end of his life, Symonds's bisexuality had become an open secret in certain literary and cultural circles. His private memoirs, written (but never completed) over a four-year period from 1889 to 1893, form the earliest known self-conscious gay autobiography.
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master and advocate of pederastic pedagogy. Conington encouraged
Symonds to tell his father about his friend's affair, and the senior Symonds forced Vaughan to resign from Harrow. Pretor was angered by the younger man's part, and never spoke to Symonds again.
293:
Symonds intended to study law, but his health again broke down and forced him to travel. Returning to
Clifton, he lectured there, both at the college and ladies' schools. From his lectures, he prepared the essays in his
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on 10 November 1864. They settled in London and had four daughters: Janet (born 1865), Charlotte (born 1867), Margaret (Madge) (born 1869) and
Katharine (born 1875; she was later honoured for her writing as Dame
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further stripped of homoerotic content before publication. In 1926, upon coming into the possession of
Symonds's papers, Gosse burned everything except the memoirs, to the dismay of Symonds's granddaughter.
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at Oxford, Symonds had wanted to study it further and emphasise the reawakening of art and literature in Europe. His work was interrupted by serious illness. In 1877 his life was in danger. His recovery at
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restore the male pronouns which had been made female by previous editors. In
November 2016, Symonds's homoerotic poem, 'The Song of the Swimmer', written in 1867, was published for the first time in the
325:(1891). Symonds became a citizen of the town; he took part in its municipal business, made friends with the peasants, and shared their interests. There he wrote most of his books: biographies of
167:. Symonds was shocked and disgusted, feelings complicated by his growing awareness of his own homosexuality. He did not mention the incident for more than a year until in 1859, when a student at
434:(1882). He portrayed his own character with great subtlety. His poetry is perhaps rather that of the student than of the inspired singer, but it has moments of deep thought and emotion.
355:, the work for which he is chiefly remembered. He was feverishly active throughout his life. Considering his poor health, his productivity was remarkable. Two works, a volume of essays,
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since it was limited to a German edition. Symonds' English text is lost. This translation and edition by Dakyns is the only version ever to appear in the author's own language.
1465:
1242:. p. 74, notes that Jowett, in his lectures and introductions, discussed love between men and women when Plato himself had been talking about the Greek love for boys.
662:(Selections prepared by Symonds, arranged, so as to, in his own words in a Prefatory Note, "adapt itself to the use of travellers rather than of students"; Leipzig,
516:", from 1878, Jonathan takes David "In his arms of strength / in that kiss / Soul into soul was knit and bliss to bliss". The same year, his translations of
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911:
Booth, H.J. (2002). "Same-sex desire, ethics and double-mindedness: The correspondence of Henry Graham Dakyns, Henry Sidgwick and John Addington Symonds".
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In January 1858, Symonds received a letter from his friend Alfred Pretor (1840–1908), telling of Pretor's affair with their headmaster at Harrow,
1164:
A Problem in Greek Ethics: Being an Inquiry Into the Phenomenonof Sexual Inversion, Addressed Especially to Medical Psychologists and Jurists
1065:, pp. 243–244. Katz notes that "Whitman's knowledge of and response to ancient Greek love is the subject for a major study" (p. 381, note 6).
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At Oxford University, Symonds became engaged in his studies and began to demonstrate his academic ability. In 1860, he took a first in
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used some details of Symonds's life, especially the relationship between him and his wife, as the starting-point for the short story "
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Symonds also translated classical poetry on homoerotic themes, and wrote poems drawing on ancient Greek imagery and language such as
476:," remained unpublished for a decade, and then was printed at first only in a limited edition for private distribution. Although the
985:
175:, the Latin professor. Conington approved of romantic relationships between men and boys. Earlier, he had given Symonds a copy of
97:; 5 October 1840 – 19 April 1893) was an English poet and literary critic. A cultural historian, he was known for his work on the
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101:, as well as numerous biographies of writers and artists. Although married with children, Symonds supported male love (
20:
542:'s first same-sex crush, though there is no evidence that the feeling was mutual. Woolf was the cousin of her husband
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Symonds left his papers and his autobiography in the hands of Brown, who wrote an expurgated biography in 1895, which
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1354:"Wine, women, and song; mediaeval Latin students' songs now first translated into English verse with an essay"
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Miscellanies by John Addington Symonds, M.D.,: Selected and Edited with an Introductory Memoir, by His Son
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It is, indeed, in passages and extracts that Symonds appears at his best. Rich in description, full of "
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for introducing "homosexual" into the English language in 1892, Symonds had already used the word in
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He had a passion for Italy, and for many years resided during the autumn in the house of his friend,
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Waste: a lecture delivered at the Bristol institution for the advancement of science, literature...
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309:, which appeared in seven volumes at intervals between 1875 and 1886. Since his prize essay on the
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1564:, chapter 4: "Double Mind: Hegel, Symonds, and Homoerotic Spirit in Renaissance Art".
117:(love of the impossible). He also wrote much poetry inspired by his same-sex affairs.
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Over a century after Symonds's death, in 2007, his first work on homosexuality,
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led him to believe this was the only place where he was likely to enjoy life.
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Rictor Norton, "The Life and Writings of John Addington Symonds (1840—1893)"
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1864. Dyer became organist and choirmaster of St Nicholas' Church, Bristol.
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148:. The younger Symonds, considered delicate, did not take part in games at
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Shakespere's predecessors in the English drama, by John Addington Symonds
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The Seduction of the Mediterranean: Writing, Art, and Homosexual Fantasy
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Secret Selves: Confession and Same-Sex Desire in Victorian Autobiography
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was finally published by Andrew Dakyns (grandson of Symonds' associate,
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Downing, Ben, "John Addington Symonds & Janet Ross: a friendship,"
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Symonds was morbidly introspective, but with a capacity for action. In
341:(1893), several volumes of poetry and essays, and a translation of the
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In 1862, Symonds was elected to an open fellowship at the conservative
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after the age of 14, and he showed no particular promise as a scholar.
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1699:, 9th edition, 1875–89, 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
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501:, and later worked with Jowett on an English translation of Plato's
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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370:, on the Zattere, in Venice. In 1891 he made an effort to visit
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English poet, literary critic and cultural historian (1840–1893)
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Henry Sidgwick: Eye of the Universe – An Intellectual Biography
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Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde
546:. Another daughter, Charlotte Symonds, married the classicist
272:
83:
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The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art
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He practically made his home at Davos, and wrote about it in
1478:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
248:, he met Janet Catherine North (sister of botanical artist
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866:
Sodom on the Thames: Sex, Love, and Scandal in Wilde Times
1584:
The Memoirs of John Addington Symonds: A Critical Edition
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77:
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Norton, Rictor. "Symonds, John Addington (1840–1893)".
708:(1892) (with his daughter Margaret Symonds as coauthor)
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Symonds's daughter, Madge Vaughan, was probably writer
378:. He died in Rome and was buried close to the grave of
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Wine, Women, and Song. Medieval Latin Students' Songs
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1761:, Classics Research Lab at Johns Hopkins University
1648:, University of Bristol Library Special Collections
1159:, pointing to the phrase "homosexual relations" in
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453:Front cover of the 1983 reprint edition, edited by
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1573:"Introduction: (Re)Reading John Addington Symonds"
1200:Queering the Moderns: Poses/Portraits/Performances
1141:Virtuous Vice: Homoeroticism and the Public Sphere
225:, and in 1863 won the Chancellor's English Essay.
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305:Meanwhile, he was occupied with his major work,
1742:, ed. Herbert M. Schueller and Robert L. Peters
1499:. Vol. 55. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
676:Shakespere's Predecessors in the English Drama
1658:, Posner Library, Carnegie Mellon University
1372:, newly translated by John Addington Symonds"
1330:Shakspere's Predecessors in the English Drama
1109:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
1510:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
741:(in German). Leipzig: Wigand. 1896. p.
735:
1486:"Symonds, John Addington (1807-1871)"
1131:was later published without attribution in
422:This side of his nature is revealed in his
120:
1075:DeJean, Joan (1989). "Sex and Philology".
351:There, too, he completed his study of the
1571:David Amigoni and Amber K. Regis (eds.),
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975:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 408–409
1815:Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
1615:Works by or about John Addington Symonds
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1437:. A. & C. Black. 1907. p. 1795.
893:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
690:(1884) English translations/paraphrases.
464:, a work of what would later be called "
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271:
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27:
1507:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1301:translated and edited by Andrew Dakyns.
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602:
191:In the autumn of 1858, Symonds went to
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1208:
1018:. University of North Carolina Press.
569:), in Eastbourne, E. Sussex, England.
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179:, a collection of homoerotic verse by
1740:The Letters of John Addington Symonds
1552:The Memoirs of John Addington Symonds
1463:
1275:"The Private Writing of J.A. Symonds"
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910:
891:The Memoirs of John Addington Symonds
852:
603:Symonds, John Addington (June 2002).
1717:2010 Symonds International Symposium
1712:1998 Symonds International Symposium
520:'s sonnets to the painter's beloved
468:". He was inspired by the poetry of
129:, England, in 1840. His father, the
1542:John Addington Symonds: A Biography
1408:Margaret Symonds was the author of
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1202:(St. Martin's Press, 2000), p. 148.
724:The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti
105:), which he believed could include
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1855:English expatriates in Switzerland
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1382:(1673): 703–704. 19 November 1887.
712:Essays: Speculative and Suggestive
694:Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini
684:(Bernard Tauchnitz: Leipzig, 1884)
599:Introduction to the Study of Dante
296:Introduction to the Study of Dante
219:"; in 1862 he obtained a first in
113:relationships, referring to it as
21:John Addington Symonds (physician)
14:
1896:
1885:19th-century English LGBTQ people
1825:19th-century English male writers
1599:
1483:Urquhart, Alexander Reid (1898).
1167:. Areopagitiga Society. pp.
889:Phyllis Grosskurth (ed.). (1986)
1840:19th-century British journalists
1805:People educated at Harrow School
1631:
1496:Dictionary of National Biography
1451:
775:
761:
606:2002 reprint of 1899 4th edition
563:Soldier Love and Related Matter,
269:" for the three-year-old Janet.
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67:
1624:Works by John Addington Symonds
1606:Works by John Addington Symonds
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1395:Our life in the Swiss highlands
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1299:Soldier Love and Related Matter
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1221:. Routledge. 0415093120. p. 78.
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1161:John Addington Symonds (1908).
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706:Our Life in the Swiss Highlands
493:Symonds studied classics under
323:Our Life in the Swiss Highlands
252:, 1830–1890). They married at
136:(1807–1871), was the author of
1810:English LGBTQ rights activists
1759:John Addington Symonds Project
1654:The Life of Benvenuto Cellini,
1316:. Smith, Elder & co. 1884.
1089:10.1525/rep.1989.27.1.99p02997
1008:
978:
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939:
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812:The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde
802:
738:Das konträre Geschlechtsgefühl
696:(1887) An English translation.
650:(London, Smith and Elder 1879)
644:(London, Smith and Elder 1879)
283:New and Old: A Volume of Verse
1:
1639:John Addington Symonds papers
1444:
1370:The Life of Benvenuto Cellini
648:Sketches and Studies in Italy
1865:People from Clifton, Bristol
1860:English expatriates in Italy
1662:, Carnegie Mellon University
1524:UK public library membership
1255:. Cornell University Press.
1234:. Cornell University Press.
1139:(1897); see Eric O. Clarke,
990:Dictionaryofartistorians.org
642:Sketches in Italy and Greece
7:
1630:(public domain audiobooks)
1411:Days Spent on a Doge's Farm
1253:Hellenism and Homosexuality
1232:Hellenism and Homosexuality
1198:, p. 59, and Anne Hermann,
1196:Art and Transitional Object
1156:
1074:
913:Journal of European Studies
754:
482:credits the medical writer
10:
1901:
1332:by John Addington Symonds"
1091:(inactive 22 March 2024).
1014:Buckton, Oliver S. (1998)
925:10.1177/004724410203212514
700:A Problem in Modern Ethics
624:Studies of the Greek Poets
426:, and particularly in the
410:, the contemporary writer
300:Studies of the Greek Poets
63:John Addington Symonds Jr.
18:
1835:English LGBTQ journalists
1686:The Renaissance, an essay
1652:Symonds's translation of
1566:Columbia University Press
1129:A Problem in Greek Ethics
986:"Symonds, John Addington"
864:Kaplan, Morris B. (2012)
670:A Problem in Greek Ethics
587:The Renaissance. An Essay
528:Times Literary Supplement
488:A Problem in Greek Ethics
479:Oxford English Dictionary
462:A Problem in Greek Ethics
393:
288:
1845:English male journalists
1800:English bisexual writers
1785:English literary critics
1747:Psychoanalytic Quarterly
1722:Michael Matthew Kaylor,
1684:John Addington Symonds,
1677:The Principles of Beauty
1675:John Addington Symonds,
1666:John Addington Symonds,
1398:. A. and C. Black. 1892.
1342:: 330–381. October 1885.
870:Cornell University Press
796:
580:
556:The Author of Beltraffio
267:The Owl and the Pussycat
142:The Principles of Beauty
121:Early life and education
1697:Encyclopædia Britannica
1475:Encyclopædia Britannica
1466:Symonds, John Addington
1464:Waugh, Arthur (1911). "
499:Balliol College, Oxford
460:In 1873, Symonds wrote
171:, he told the story to
138:Criminal Responsibility
115:l'amour de l'impossible
1582:Amber K. Regis (ed.),
1516:10.1093/ref:odnb/26888
1426:William Wyamar Vaughan
1424:. In 1898 she married
1414:and the coauthor with
1251:Dowling, Linda (1994)
1230:Dowling, Linda (1994)
809:McKenna, Neil (2009).
544:William Wyamar Vaughan
457:
412:Robert Louis Stevenson
390:
277:
199:but was elected to an
134:John Addington Symonds
59:
48:
37:
1431:"Vaughan, Mrs. W. W."
1273:Regis, Amber (2016).
1194:As quoted by Pulham,
1145:Duke University Press
971:Schultz, Bart (2004)
730:Walt Whitman. A Study
626:, 2 vol. (1873, 1876)
609:. The Minerva Group.
452:
389:Symonds' tomb in Rome
388:
372:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
359:, and a monograph on
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54:
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32:Symonds, picture for
31:
1880:Bisexual journalists
1795:English bisexual men
1790:Writers from Bristol
1733:, Indiana University
1644:31 July 2009 at the
1421:The Story of Perugia
1336:The Quarterly Review
1037:"Infopt.demon.co.uk"
947:"Infopt.demon.co.uk"
919:(125–126): 283–301.
682:New Italian Sketches
630:Renaissance in Italy
380:Percy Bysshe Shelley
327:Percy Bysshe Shelley
307:Renaissance in Italy
215:with a poem on "The
181:William Johnson Cory
165:Charles John Vaughan
125:Symonds was born in
19:For his father, see
1830:English LGBTQ poets
1707:GLBTQ encyclopaedia
1575:. Special Issue of
567:Henry Graham Dakyns
445:Homosexual writings
1870:Bisexual academics
1850:English male poets
1731:Robert Peters' MSS
1548:Phyllis Grosskurth
1538:Phyllis Grosskurth
1043:on 9 November 2006
953:on 24 October 2006
718:In the Key of Blue
664:Bernhard Tauchnitz
632:, 7 vol. (1875–86)
514:David and Jonathan
458:
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357:In the Key of Blue
278:
222:Literae Humaniores
183:, the influential
157:Clifton Hill House
60:
49:
38:
1820:Victorian writers
1610:Project Gutenberg
1592:The New Criterion
1554:Hutchinson (1984)
1522:(Subscription or
1279:www.the-tls.co.uk
996:on 3 October 2006
660:Sketches in Italy
522:Tommaso Cavalieri
408:Talks and Talkers
345:Benvenuto Cellini
343:Autobiography of
169:Oxford University
155:Symonds moved to
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1619:Internet Archive
1594:, November 2011.
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195:, Oxford, as a
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1063:Love Stories
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1045:. Retrieved
1041:the original
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951:the original
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36:, dated 1889
34:Walt Whitman
25:
1780:1893 deaths
1775:1840 births
1491:Lee, Sidney
1368:"Review of
1328:"Review of
1284:25 November
1047:15 November
1000:15 November
957:15 November
552:Henry James
548:Walter Leaf
466:gay history
417:melancholic
353:Renaissance
337:(1886) and
316:Davos Platz
311:Renaissance
298:(1872) and
276:Norman Moor
263:Edward Lear
246:Switzerland
234:Switzerland
144:(1857) and
111:egalitarian
109:as well as
99:Renaissance
55:Symonds by
44:Symonds by
1769:Categories
1738:Review of
1526:required.)
1445:References
1261:0801481708
1240:0801481708
1127:, p. 244.
1024:080784702X
899:0226787834
878:0801477921
853:Waugh 1911
558:" (1884).
474:Greek love
335:Ben Jonson
201:exhibition
107:pederastic
57:Carlo Orsi
1750:40 (1971)
1703:Biography
1435:Who's Who
1185:, p. 262.
933:161792773
503:Symposium
131:physician
1642:Archived
1628:LibriVox
901:. p. 131
880:. p. 112
755:See also
601:(1872);
510:Eudiades
376:L'Aquila
348:(1887).
333:(1886),
329:(1878),
254:Hastings
230:Magdalen
217:Escorial
197:commoner
140:(1869),
1617:at the
1568:, 2010.
1550:(ed.),
1493:(ed.).
1472:(ed.).
1462::
1356:. 1884.
1217:(1993)
1097:2928488
1026:. p. 95
636:Shelley
430:of his
428:sonnets
265:wrote "
127:Bristol
1726:(2006)
1689:, 1863
1680:, 1857
1671:, 1863
1660:Vol. 2
1656:Vol. 1
1586:(2016)
1544:(1964)
1520:
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394:Legacy
289:Career
177:Ionica
1489:. In
1093:JSTOR
929:S2CID
797:Notes
747:with
666:1883)
581:Works
573:, or
1286:2016
1257:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1111:link
1049:2006
1020:ISBN
1002:2006
959:2006
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874:ISBN
817:ISBN
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