39:
462:
a sword at his side. He wore scarlet robes and a "broad-brimmed, bullet-proof beaver hat, which he had covered over with velvet and lined it with steel and he also wore armour underneath his robes." King
Charles refused to recognise the authority of the court and would not plead. After declaring Charles I guilty as a "Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a public enemy," Bradshaw did not allow the king any final words. Under English law, a condemned prisoner was no longer alive and therefore did not have the right to speak, and Bradshaw followed this tradition strictly.
562:'s support of the Long Parliament. Colonel Morley, Major Grimes, and Colonel Sydenham eventually gained their points, and placed guards both by land and water, to hinder the members of Parliament from approaching the House. During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place and the:
461:
Bradshaw himself did not attend court until the third session after his appointment, apologising on the grounds that he had been out of London and disavowed his ability to perform "so important a task." While he served as the Lord
President, he was flanked by an impressive personal guard and carried
570:
justifications of the proceedings of the army in again disrupting parliament, stood up and interrupted him, declaring his abhorrence of that detestable action, and telling the council, that being now going to his God, he had not patience to sit there to hear his great name so openly blasphemed; and
727:
is told by his father that
Bradshaw has been executed, but several other stories say that Bradshaw escaped from England and journeyed to Grantville, becoming one of the town's junior district attorneys, and becoming part of a government-in-exile that plots to overthrow Charles and his tyrannical
722:
In that series, King
Charles discovers his future fate by reading books brought to the past in the time-displaced town of Grantville and orders the arrest and execution of almost everyone who would later have been involved in his trial and execution. In one story,
411:
wrote highly of
Bradshaw's aptitude during his public service, saying that "All his early life he was sedulously employed in making himself acquainted with the laws of the country; he then practised with singular success and reputation at the bar."
532:, but because he refused to sign the recognition pledge put on Members to declare their recognition of the new army-backed government, he took no seat for either constituency. In 1655, the Major-General in charge of Cheshire,
422:
At some time between 1640 and 1643, Bradshaw moved from
Congleton to Basinghall Street in London. In 1643, he was elected judge of the London sheriff's court. He maintained the post until his death. Following the death of the
516:
calling elections for a new
Parliament himself. After that date Bradshaw served as commissioner of the Duchy, jointly with Thomas Fell, until mounting differences with Cromwell culminated in his resignation in 1654.
1357:
690:
in 1660, the trial anticipated the developments in humanitarian law in the second half of the 20th century, and that the leading participants in the trial are to be admired rather than condemned.
650:. James Bradshaw acquired the land in Jamaica where his father's remains were buried. Several sources recorded an inscription with the cannon found on Gun Hill, Jamaica, and attribute the quote
1996:
400:, placed by the Congleton Civic Society, which reads: "The White Lion, built 16–17th century. Said to have housed the attorney's office where John Bradshaw, regicide, served his articles."
566:
Lord
President Bradshaw, who was present, though by long sickness very weak and much extenuated, yet animated by his ardent zeal and constant affection to the common cause, upon hearing
1986:
458:
dismissed him as a man "of execrable memory, of whom nothing good is remembered." The King himself, as well as much of the court, professed to having never heard of him.
1034:"The trial of King Charles I was, by legal standards, a rather discreditable affair. The 'Court' had no legal authority. It was the creature of the power of the army." (
1364:
614:
wrote in his diary that he saw the heads there on 5 February. The body of
Bradshaw's wife was also exhumed from Westminster Abbey and, along with the remains of other
481:, which was to act as the Executive of the country's government in place of the King and the Privy Council. From 1 August 1649, Bradshaw also held the post of
630:
Some sources claim that the body of
Bradshaw had previously been removed by his son, James or John Bradshaw, who re-buried his father's remains on a hill near
862:
602:
and displayed in chains all day on the gallows at Tyburn. At sunset, the three bodies that had been displayed publicly as those of the three judges being
1981:
1709:
671:
444:
312:
105:
1961:
1715:
543:
succeeded him as Lord Protector and reinstated Bradshaw as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Bradshaw was elected MP for Cheshire in the
1350:
1342:
490:
1244:
1141:
1198:
1681:
667:
536:, persuaded leading gentry not to enter Bradshaw as the county's parliamentary candidate at elections to the next parliament.
1913:
1721:
1474:
1425:
1403:
1175:
1114:
594:
returned to power in 1660. On 30 January 1661, the twelfth anniversary of the regicide, the bodies of Bradshaw, Cromwell and
529:
525:
638:
and marked the spot with a cannon. A location now known as "Gun Hill" is 2.5 miles south-west of the northern port city of
1966:
1324:
1295:
583:. On his deathbed Bradshaw said that if called upon to try the King again he would be "the first man in England to do it".
486:
482:
123:
662:
While some political philosophers have defended Bradshaw, most legal authorities have taken the view expressed in 1999 by
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1462:
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2001:
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424:
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1991:
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in 1659. During the same year, Bradshaw moved to Westminster after falling dangerously ill with a 'quartan ague' or
1800:
1786:
1187:
The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant-General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625–1672
803:
1976:
1894:
1887:
494:
1971:
1841:
868:
356:
284:
686:
Q.C. put forward the argument that while the court was illegal due to the political settlement reached at the
1834:
1813:
619:
544:
364:
1871:
1774:
1468:
1384:
498:
450:
Bradshaw was a controversial choice as Lord President, and opinions of his efficiency as a judge varied.
1780:
352:
335:
John Bradshaw, the second son of Henry Bradshaw and Catherine Winnington, was born in 1602 probably at
1372:
1946:
647:
599:
485:. As Lord President he conducted trials of leading Royalists and condemned to death by beheading the
759:
1806:
1606:
1491:
1480:
478:
320:
198:
57:
26:
1926:
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were all beheaded. The bodies were thrown into a common pit and the heads displayed on pikes at
324:
796:
1824:
1759:
555:
44:
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on 23 April 1627. He served on the provincial bar of Congleton until he became mayor in 1637.
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1860:
1794:
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371:. According to local tradition he wrote the following inscription on a gravestone at either
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311:(12 July 1602 – 31 October 1659) was an English jurist. He is most notable for his role as
97:
8:
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1738:
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848:
William L. Sachse, "England's "Black Tribunal": an Analysis of the Regicide Court", in:
38:
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thereupon departed to his lodgings, and withdrew himself from public employment.
509:
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469:, then his property, after signing the warrant for the king's execution in 1649.
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158:
85:
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1649:
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513:
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220:
1160:
The tyrannicide brief: the story of the man who sent Charles I to the scaffold
1143:
The trial of King Charles I – defining moment for our constitutional liberties
794:. VIII, 1921. The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource:
1940:
1542:
1511:
1409:
1167:
559:
533:
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had still not dissolved itself or called for re-elections. On 30 April 1653,
455:
404:
359:. As a child he attended the free school at Stockport, as well as schools in
296:
611:
595:
372:
674:, of which Bradshaw was president, was illegal. However, in his 2005 book
431:
to Bradshaw. He was appointed a serjeant-at-law by Parliament and in 1648
1317:
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He died on 31 October 1659, aged 57. He was buried with great honours at
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declared Parliament and the Council dissolved and soon assumed rule as
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867:. Cornhill, London: A H Bailey & Co. p. 333. Archived from
554:
In October 1659, various subordinate members of the army sabotaged
348:
403:
After studying English law in London, he was called to the bar at
635:
548:
447:. Other lawyers of greater prominence had refused the position.
1997:
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Stafford
1016:
355:(his father farmed at both) and baptised on 10 December in
968:
524:. In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for
992:
850:
The Journal of British Studies 12 (1973), p. 69–85.
477:
On 12 March 1649, Bradshaw was elected President of the
415:
On 3 January 1638 he was married to Mary, a daughter of
980:
935:. William Salt Archaeological Society. pp. 98–99.
520:
Bradshaw, an ardent Republican, became an opponent of
454:
believed that he was "learned in his profession," but
1053:
1041:
712:
Bradshaw appears in several short stories set in the
1065:
1220:"The tyrant's flaw: Geoffrey Robertson interviewed"
821:. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1975, p. 318–342.
646:. One of the three men had children who removed to
618:buried at Westminster, reburied in a common pit at
1987:People educated at The King's School, Macclesfield
1109:. University of Queensland Press. pp. 57–60.
1189:. Vol. 2. Clarendon Press. pp. 140–141.
1149:. To the Anglo-Australasian Lawyers' association.
952:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 7
1938:
672:High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I
472:
1185:Ludlow, Edmund (1894). C.H. Firth, M.A. (ed.).
1126:Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle
954:. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 241.
693:
1358:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
1201:. Geoffrey Robertson Website. Archived from
896:. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1964, p. 183.
539:After Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, his son
465:It is said that he dined at Odstone Hall in
445:the parliamentary commission to try the king
367:. During his teenage years he also attended
1100:
1022:
807:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
792:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
392:He was articled as clerk to an attorney in
43:19th century engraving of John Bradshaw by
16:17th-century English judge (c. 1602 - 1659)
1982:People convicted under a bill of attainder
1365:
1351:
888:
886:
739:
118:10 January 1649 – 30 January 1649
37:
1193:
1154:
1101:Bowden, Brett; Davis, Michael T. (2008).
1059:
1047:
70:12 March 1649 – 29 December 1651
1217:
1071:
930:
844:
842:
840:
838:
811:
652:Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God
504:After wars in Scotland and Ireland, the
433:Chief Justice of Chester and North Wales
382:My brother Frank must be at his command;
351:, or possibly at the nearby Peace Farm,
199:Chief Justice of Chester and North Wales
1087:
986:
946:
944:
942:
924:
883:
864:Colbran's New Guide for Tunbridge Wells
860:
586:
319:and as the first Lord President of the
1939:
1184:
974:
854:
668:Justice of the High Court of Australia
396:. The White Lion public house bears a
313:President of the High Court of Justice
1962:Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
1346:
1218:Devereux, Charlie (31 October 2005).
1136:
1123:
1107:Terror: From Tyrannicide to Terrorism
1035:
998:
835:
786:
784:
782:
780:
625:
379:"My brother Henry must heir the land,
1325:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1296:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
939:
483:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
438:
124:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
933:Staffordshire Parliamentary History
388:That all the world will wonder at!"
13:
1925:Italics indicate service when the
1092:. Vol. 2. J. Murray. p.
819:King Charles the Martyr, 1643–1649
798:"Bradshaw, John (1602–1659)"
777:
703:in the 1970 historical drama film
501:, for which he was well rewarded.
443:In 1649, he was made president of
14:
2013:
1235:
385:Whilst I, poor Jack, will do that
804:Dictionary of National Biography
682:, the prosecutor at the trial),
1199:"Introduction to Kirby Project"
1088:Bridges, George Wilson (1828).
1028:
1004:
369:The King's School, Macclesfield
907:"The spirit of Christmas past"
899:
824:
1:
1124:Urban, Sylvanus, ed. (1784).
1081:
545:Third Protectorate Parliament
473:Commonwealth and Protectorate
330:
931:Wedgwood, Josiah C. (1920).
7:
1967:17th-century English judges
831:"CONGLETON" at thornber.net
694:Bradshaw in popular culture
688:Restoration of the monarchy
337:Wybersley (Wyberslegh) Hall
285:King's School, Macclesfield
10:
2018:
1251:British Civil Wars website
1242:Biography of John Bradshaw
1103:"Regicide and Tyrannicide"
620:St Margaret's, Westminster
579:. The eulogy was given by
427:in 1646, Parliament voted
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1299:(Commissioner 1653–1654)
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1247:30 September 2007 at the
1128:. Vol. 54. pp.
894:A Coffin for King Charles
657:
648:Highland County, Virginia
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1271:Chief Justice of Chester
732:
1716:1st Earl of Shaftesbury
1421:1st Earl of Marlborough
1023:Bowden & Davis 2008
1012:WikiQuote for Rebellion
699:Bradshaw was played by
1977:Regicides of Charles I
1929:was held in Commission
1722:1st Earl of Nottingham
1682:2nd Earl of Manchester
1426:1st Earl of Manchester
861:Colbran, John (1840).
573:
45:George Perfect Harding
25:Lord President of the
2002:English MPs 1654–1655
1992:Members of Gray's Inn
1972:People from Stockport
1914:1st Viscount Harcourt
1710:Sir Orlando Bridgeman
1704:1st Earl of Clarendon
1404:1st Viscount Brackley
1090:The Annals of Jamaica
676:The Tyrannicide Brief
604:executed posthumously
600:ordered to be exhumed
564:
106:High Court of Justice
1630:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1549:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1533:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1502:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1436:21st Earl of Arundel
587:Posthumous execution
452:Bulstrode Whitelocke
325:English Commonwealth
98:Bulstrode Whitelocke
1633:(January–June 1659)
1475:1st Baron Lyttelton
1222:. opendemocracy.net
1195:Robertson, Geoffrey
1164:Chatto & Windus
1156:Robertson, Geoffrey
1140:(22 January 1999).
1001:, pp. 833–835.
977:, pp. 140–141.
911:www.telegraph.co.uk
817:Esme W. Stratford,
1749:1st Baron Jeffreys
1728:1st Baron Guilford
1664:Thomas Widdrington
1559:Thomas Widdrington
1463:1st Baron Coventry
1431:2nd Duke of Lennox
1281:Sir Timothy Turner
1265:Sir Thomas Milward
871:on 12 October 2017
790:"Bradshaw, John".
684:Geoffrey Robertson
654:to John Bradshaw.
626:Jamaica connection
339:in the village of
221:Sir Timothy Turner
210:Sir Thomas Milward
104:Lord President of
1934:
1933:
1801:William Rawlinson
1787:William Rawlinson
1618:Nathaniel Fiennes
1591:Nathaniel Fiennes
1565:Nathaniel Fiennes
1341:
1340:
1332:Succeeded by
1305:Succeeded by
1278:Succeeded by
1177:978-0-09-945919-4
1116:978-0-7022-3599-3
1025:, pp. 57–60.
764:Westminster Abbey
714:alternate history
577:Westminster Abbey
439:Trial of the King
315:for the trial of
306:
305:
267:Westminster Abbey
255:Westminster Abbey
56:President of the
2009:
1947:Lord chancellors
1895:1st Baron Trevor
1835:1st Baron Somers
1814:1st Baron Somers
1658:William Lenthall
1653:(June 1659–1660)
1607:Council of State
1581:Richard Cromwell
1492:Council of State
1377:Lord Chancellors
1367:
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1335:William Lenthall
1315:Preceded by
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1263:Preceded by
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1197:(October 2008).
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678:(a biography of
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231:Personal details
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1138:Kirby, Michael
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1060:Robertson 2008
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417:Thomas Marbury
390:
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332:
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317:King Charles I
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53:
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34:
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24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2014:
2003:
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1928:
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1897:
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1883:
1882:Nathan Wright
1880:
1879:
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1861:Nathan Wright
1859:
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1638:John Bradshaw
1635:
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1543:Richard Keble
1541:
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1512:Richard Keble
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1442:John Williams
1440:
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1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1416:Julius Caesar
1414:
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1410:Francis Bacon
1408:
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1072:Devereux 2005
1068:
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961:0-19-861357-1
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669:
665:
664:Michael Kirby
655:
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637:
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632:Martha's Brae
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
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584:
582:
578:
572:
569:
563:
561:
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552:
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546:
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537:
535:
534:Tobias Bridge
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
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500:
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492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
463:
459:
457:
456:Thomas Fuller
453:
448:
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436:
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425:Earl of Essex
420:
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366:
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358:
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342:
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328:
326:
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318:
314:
310:
309:John Bradshaw
301:
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293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
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268:
264:
262:Resting place
260:
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115:
110:
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90:
87:
84:
83:
79:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
31:John Bradshaw
28:
22:
19:
1905:
1901:Robert Tracy
1899:
1893:
1852:
1848:George Treby
1846:
1840:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1781:Anthony Keck
1779:
1775:John Maynard
1773:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1481:Richard Lane
1323:
1294:
1269:
1224:. Retrieved
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1186:
1159:
1142:
1125:
1106:
1089:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1038:, p. 7)
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
987:Bridges 1828
982:
970:
951:
932:
926:
914:. Retrieved
910:
901:
893:
873:. Retrieved
869:the original
863:
856:
849:
826:
818:
813:
802:
791:
767:. Retrieved
763:
716:
704:
675:
661:
651:
629:
612:Samuel Pepys
596:Henry Ireton
590:
574:
565:
553:
538:
519:
503:
476:
464:
460:
449:
442:
421:
414:
402:
391:
375:or Bunbury:
373:Macclesfield
334:
308:
307:
276:Mary Marbury
239:15 July 1602
216:Succeeded by
187:Succeeded by
166:
154:Succeeded by
131:
113:
93:Succeeded by
80:
65:
18:
1957:1659 deaths
1952:1602 births
1916:(1710–1714)
1907:John Scrope
1890:(1705–1710)
1884:(1702–1705)
1875:(1702–1714)
1863:(1700–1702)
1854:Edward Ward
1837:(1693–1700)
1828:(1694–1702)
1825:William III
1816:(1693–1694)
1810:(1690–1693)
1795:John Trevor
1790:(1689–1690)
1767:(1689–1694)
1751:(1685–1688)
1742:(1685–1688)
1730:(1682–1685)
1724:(1673–1682)
1718:(1672–1673)
1712:(1667–1672)
1706:(1660–1667)
1697:(1660–1685)
1610:(1659–1660)
1598:(1658–1659)
1584:(1658–1659)
1572:(1656–1658)
1561:(1654–1656)
1545:(1653–1654)
1526:(1653–1658)
1514:(1649–1653)
1495:(1649–1653)
1483:(1645–1649)
1477:(1641–1645)
1471:(1640–1641)
1465:(1625–1640)
1456:(1625–1649)
1444:(1621–1625)
1412:(1617–1621)
1406:(1603–1617)
1397:(1603–1625)
1387:(1603–1714)
1385:Interregnum
1318:Thomas Fell
1308:Thomas Fell
975:Ludlow 1894
875:10 December
725:John Milton
718:1632 Series
670:) that the
491:Lord Capell
409:John Milton
398:blue plaque
265:Initially,
206:Preceded by
192:Thomas Fell
177:Preceded by
147:Thomas Fell
142:Preceded by
82:Pro tempore
76:Preceded by
1941:Categories
1927:Greal Seal
1694:Charles II
1624:John Lisle
1596:John Lisle
1570:John Lisle
1554:John Lisle
1538:John Lisle
1507:John Lisle
1379:under the
1329:1658–1659
1275:1648–1650
1082:References
1036:Kirby 1999
999:Urban 1784
728:ministers.
592:Charles II
405:Gray's Inn
331:Early life
297:Gray's Inn
292:Alma mater
1842:John Holt
1453:Charles I
916:22 August
680:John Cook
581:John Rowe
394:Congleton
365:Middleton
345:Stockport
341:High Lane
281:Education
257:, England
244:, England
171:1649–1654
167:In office
136:1658–1659
132:In office
114:In office
66:In office
1739:James II
1383:and the
1302:1649–54
1245:Archived
1158:(2005).
706:Cromwell
666:(then a
640:Falmouth
530:Cheshire
526:Stafford
349:Cheshire
1760:William
1394:James I
1374:English
1226:12 June
1209:12 June
1168:Vintage
769:13 July
636:Jamaica
558:'s and
549:malaria
541:Richard
361:Bunbury
323:of the
1910:(1710)
1857:(1700)
1762:&
1685:(1660)
1438:(1621)
1174:
1113:
958:
658:Legacy
493:, the
353:Marple
273:Spouse
1147:(PDF)
1132:–835.
1010:From
733:Notes
642:, in
598:were
343:near
1872:Anne
1764:Mary
1228:2018
1211:2018
1172:ISBN
1111:ISBN
956:ISBN
918:2023
877:2010
771:2018
528:and
497:and
363:and
249:Died
236:Born
1130:833
1094:446
634:on
1943::
1170:.
1162:.
1105:.
941:^
909:.
885:^
837:^
801:.
779:^
762:.
741:^
622:.
610:.
551:.
489:,
435:.
419:.
347:,
327:.
1904:/
1898:/
1851:/
1845:/
1804:/
1798:/
1784:/
1778:/
1679:/
1673:/
1667:/
1661:/
1647:/
1641:/
1627:/
1621:/
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
1230:.
1213:.
1180:.
1166:/
1151:.
1119:.
1096:.
1074:.
1062:.
1050:.
964:.
920:.
879:.
773:.
720:.
709:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
