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these groups generally did not consider
Schultz as an enemy, nor was he unfavourably disposed toward them. Schultz continued to be a leading opponent of Riel in the 1870s, supporting his expulsion from parliament in 1874 and his five-year banishment from Canada in 1875. (It may also be noted that Schultz stood to benefit financially from some of the policies which he advocated for western Canada's native population.)
462:'s provisional government (which was supported by most of the area's population). Schultz's followers engaged in a number of military skirmishes with the Riel government. Schultz and a number of his followers were taken prisoner by Riel. Schultz managed to escape, and tried to organize a group to liberate the remaining prisoners, but was forced to leave the region in February 1870. He arrived in
586:, as John A. Macdonald's Conservatives won a national victory. Schultz would thereafter identify himself as a Liberal-Conservative and a supporter of Macdonald. Manitoba's population was by this time becoming dominated by Ontario immigrants (Riel's followers having largely abandoned the area), and Schultz was no longer considered a dangerous outsider by the local power structure.
651:
Schultz's progress from political outsider to Lt. Governor reflects the changes which occurred in
Manitoba from 1870 to 1888. Although his early demagoguery was moderated over time, it is unlikely that he could have assumed high office had it not been for the high movement of anglophone settlers from
578:
These positions may appear strikingly out of character of
Schultz's previous actions, but they can probably be explained by the reduced influence of Louis Riel in the Canadian west after 1875. Most English-speaking aboriginals in the region were opposed to Riel, as were a number of francophone MĂ©tis;
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Schultz returned to Red River (now renamed
Manitoba) in September, after the Canadian government had taken the area with militia units from Ontario. These Ontario soldiers frequently engaged in violence against the MĂ©tis population; there can be little doubt that Schultz approved of and encouraged
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settlement later in 1861 (it is unknown if he purchased a degree, as was legal at the time). He also worked as a businessman and speculator in this area, and eventually owned a number of stores in the Red River colony's business sector, including the general store which was the initial building at
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Schultz was initially on good terms with Red River's francophone community, but his unscrupulous business practices soon made him unpopular with most established settlers, anglophone and francophone alike. By 1869, he had emerged as the leader of a small, ultra-loyalist organization known as the
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was the only real opposition to the governing alliance. His followers won four seats (one of which was overturned on appeal), and were responsible for the death of at least one aboriginal government supporter. Schultz himself was defeated by
414:'s rule of the Red River area and open it to settlement. Following his arrest and jailbreak in 1868, the paper ran a version of his side of the story and a criticism of the Hudson's Bay Company's legal authority. He sold the
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executed by the Riel government for "treason") as a
Protestant hero, and called upon Ontario's Orangemen to avenge his death (both Schultz and Macdonald were also Orangemen, as were most of the Ontario militiamen).
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ranks in 1871, almost certainly with the intent of neutralizing him. These efforts were unsuccessful, and by 1872 Schultz was apparently calling himself an
Independent Liberal. He started another local paper, the
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in 1864 in the region. Arrested for improper business practices in 1868, his wife and supporters soon broke into the prison and released him. He continued to live and work in the area, in open defiance of the
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593:(also a Conservative), 760 votes to 720. Schultz was in poor health by this time, and many believed that he had little time left to live. Perhaps out of sympathy, John A. Macdonald appointed him to the
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Schultz made several speeches against the Riel government during his time in
Toronto, and played a significant role in swaying Protestant opinion against the MĂ©tis leader. He frequently referred to
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to set up the first newspaper in the Red River settlement; Laurie abandoned the idea before arriving when he found out that
William Buckingham and William Coldwell had established one already: the
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The newly established government of
Manitoba sought conciliation among the province's ethnic, religious and linguistic factions, and generally regarded Schultz as a disruptive force.
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in an attempt to improve his faltering health, but died there in 1896. Schultz's remains were transported to
Winnipeg by a special baggage car, draped in a black cloth on the
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Schultz was a major figure in the early, highly partisan publishing world of the Red River area, which was soon to become the province of Manitoba. Schultz used the
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hated Schultz, and refused to consider him when constructing his first administration. In Manitoba's first provincial election (December 30, 1870), Schultz's
628:), though he dutifully signed it into law on March 1, 1890, following Macdonald's orders. Schultz subsequently sought concessions for francophone schools.
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of Manitoba. He was instructed to keep the Macdonald government updated on developments in the province, and to attempt to influence the government of
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Manitoba elected its first representatives to the federal House of Commons in March 1871, and Schultz declared himself a candidate in the riding of
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352:(1860–61). He did not graduate from either institution, but nonetheless advertised himself as a "Physician and Surgeon" after moving to the
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443:. This group promoted the annexation of Red River by the Canadian government, and encouraged new anglophone/Protestant immigration from
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movement." In a campaign marked by violence and intimidation, he defeated local government supporter Colin Inkster by 315 votes to 65.
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in the riding of Winnipeg and St. John, 70 votes to 63. There was a riot among the Ontario militiamen when the result was announced.
447:. Schultz and his followers were actively engaged in land speculation, and were viewed with extreme suspicion by most of Red River's
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of aboriginal rights for most of his time in parliament. He sought better compensation for the aboriginal population covered under
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Ontario to Manitoba in the intervening years. In 1870, he was regarded as a nuisance; when he died, he was a respected citizen.
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Schultz's health subsequently recovered, and he was able to function as an active member of the Senate. He supported
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and others were the founders of the Medical Health Board of Manitoba which was incorporated in 1871 and became the
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in 1863 and sold it to Schultz in 1864; Schultz became full owner when he purchased Coldwell's the following year.
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Schultz's political affiliations were ambiguous in this period. John A. Macdonald attempted to bring him into the
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1077:"Biography – SCHULTZ, Sir JOHN CHRISTIAN – Volume XII (1891-1900) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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continued as a parliamentary force after this defeat. At one stage, Archibald warned Prime Minister
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in 1877. Schultz was actively interested in railway and telegraph development and in colonization.
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Art and Work: A Social History of Labour in the Canadian Graphic Arts Industry to the 1940s
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8:
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336:). Despite being raised in a poor household, he saved enough money to study medicine at
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1153:"John Christian Shultz One of Manitoba's Colourful Businessmen Becomes Lieut. Gov"
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Manitoba Historical Society – The Man Who Created the Corner of Portage and Main
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Notwithstanding Schultz's past agitations against the MĂ©tis, he was actually a
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Views from Fort Battleford: Constructed Visions of an Anglo-Canadian West
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1174:"Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: Schultz, Sir John Christian"
1105:"Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: Schultz, Sir John Christian"
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Canadian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Colony and Confederation: Early Canadian Poets and Their Background
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in 1872, and served on that board until its restructuring in 1876.
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Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
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of 1869–70, Schultz emerged as one of the leading opponents of
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Schultz stepped down as Lt. Governor in 1895. He traveled to
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On July 1, 1888, he resigned his Senate seat to become the
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that they were promoting the "extermination" of the MĂ©tis.
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Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
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John Christian Schultz – Parliament of Canada biography
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19th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada
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Manitoba Historical Society – John Christian Schultz
969:"The Man Who Created the Corner of Portage and Main"
389:, a newspaper publisher in Canada West, to sell his
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Schultz married Agnes Campbell Farquharson in 1867.
301:politician and businessman. He was a member of the
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644:. His remains were accompanied by his best friend
1611:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
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1220:. Manitoba Daily Free Press: 1. 18 April 1896.
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665:College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba
399:. James Ross bought Buckingham's share of the
368:Schultz also helped to establish a museum and
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582:Schultz was re-elected by acclamation in the
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16:Canadian Manitoba politician and businessman
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147:September 23, 1882 – July 1, 1888
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297:(January 1, 1840 – April 13, 1896) was a
70:July 1, 1888 – September 1, 1895
1344:Works by or about John Christian Schultz
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1355:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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1008:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
955:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
942:: pg. 100. Vintage Canada, 2012. Print.
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533:. He was "a member of the expansionist
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418:to Walter R. Brown in 1868, and
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556:, Schultz defeated his former ally
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422:confiscated it the following year.
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967:George F. Reynolds (2 June 2012).
14:
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1636:Canadian people of German descent
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1128:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
620:on matters involving Macdonald's
589:In 1882, Schultz was defeated by
1616:Lieutenant governors of Manitoba
1429:Lieutenant governors of Manitoba
1294:Wilfrid Laurier University Press
1596:Canadian senators from Manitoba
1377:"Schultz, John Christian"
1289:Canada and the MĂ©tis, 1869-1885
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1131:"Schultz, John Christian"
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314:Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
58:Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
1383:New International Encyclopedia
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866:1882 Canadian federal election
796:1878 Canadian federal election
704:1874 Canadian federal election
279:Newspaper publisher, physician
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1176:. University of Toronto. 2000
971:. Manitoba Historical Society
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319:
1261:Hildebrandt, Walter (2008).
549:, before the year was over.
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1651:Canadian white supremacists
1023:Manitoba Historical Society
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385:In 1859, Schultz convinced
309:from 1882 to 1888, and the
89:The Lord Stanley of Preston
10:
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1269:University of Regina Press
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655:Outside politics Schultz,
303:House of Commons of Canada
290:Sir John Christian Schultz
127:James Colebrooke Patterson
30:Sir John Christian Schultz
1631:Politicians from Winnipeg
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1311:Woodcock, George (2011).
1236:Davis, Angela E. (1995).
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1641:Physicians from Manitoba
584:federal election of 1878
554:federal election of 1872
1286:Sprague, D. N. (1988).
597:on September 23, 1882.
1197:Cite journal requires
1137:Encyclopedia Americana
912:John Christian Schultz
897:Arthur Wellington Ross
827:John Christian Schultz
735:John Christian Schultz
657:Henry Septimus Beddome
642:Great Northern Railway
591:Arthur Wellington Ross
495:Adams George Archibald
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410:to promote ending the
361:with his half-brother
216:Arthur Wellington Ross
136:for Manitoba, Manitoba
1646:Canadian nationalists
1216:"The Funeral Train".
940:Nation Maker, Vol. II
562:Northwest Territories
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387:Patrick Gammie Laurie
375:Council of Assiniboia
305:from 1871 to 1882, a
1244:McGill-Queen's Press
892:Liberal–Conservative
632:Late life and legacy
504:Hudson's Bay Company
412:Hudson's Bay Company
324:Schultz was born in
270:Liberal-Conservative
93:The Earl of Aberdeen
1151:Siamandas, George.
1019:See Paragraph 4 of
1004:See Paragraph 3 of
951:See Paragraph 2 of
614:Lieutenant-Governor
608:Lieutenant-Governor
492:Lieutenant Governor
486:Provincial politics
456:Red River Rebellion
426:Red River Rebellion
381:Newspaper publisher
316:from 1888 to 1895.
177:Canadian Parliament
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169:Royal Proclamation
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1572:
1353:Biography at the
1328:978-0-7748-4517-5
1303:978-0-88920-958-9
1278:978-0-88977-220-5
1253:978-0-7735-1280-1
1006:Biography at the
953:Biography at the
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153:Nominated by
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1591:1896 deaths
1586:1840 births
1229:Works cited
760:lop.parl.ca
646:Alfred Codd
602:prohibition
454:During the
451:community.
326:Amherstburg
244:Amherstburg
205:Established
201:Preceded by
110:Preceded by
1580:Categories
1500:McWilliams
1052:Davis 1995
975:22 January
923:References
881:Candidate
831:acclaimed
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750:Edward Hay
719:Candidate
558:Edward Hay
506:spokesman
466:in April.
460:Louis Riel
420:Louis Riel
416:Nor'Wester
408:Nor'Wester
401:Nor'Wester
396:Nor'Wester
320:Background
276:Occupation
237:1840-01-01
1530:McGonigal
1505:McDiarmid
1465:Patterson
1440:Archibald
1319:UBC Press
475:Orangeman
354:Red River
191:In office
143:In office
66:In office
1490:McGregor
1470:McMillan
1180:21 April
1158:21 April
1110:24 April
573:Treaty 3
569:defender
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299:Manitoba
79:Victoria
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1550:Harvard
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1475:Cameron
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1450:Cauchon
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1346:at the
1086:12 July
908:Unknown
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350:Cobourg
334:Ontario
307:Senator
134:Senator
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75:Monarch
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1515:Bowles
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878:Party
871:Lisgar
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332:(now
311:fifth
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1323:ISBN
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1273:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1203:help
1182:2010
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1088:2021
977:2014
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513:The
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