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Haygarth did not abandon his research into fever patients, however. He performed several experiments and determined that separating fever patients within a hospital reduced mortality rates. When his plan was put into effect in
Chester in 1783, the first fever wards in Britain, all except one of the
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men of science and letters who helped spread his ideas. In 1774, as part of a census he administered in
Chester, he asked residents about their medical history. From this information he concluded that fever patients should be separated from others and his discovery that only a tiny fraction of the
142:, an unpopular position at the time, and tried to educate the populace so as to avoid casual contraction of the disease. Only four years after this effort began, Chester's smallpox mortality rate had been reduced by almost 50%. Soon other towns, such as
219:". These were metal pointers which were supposedly able to "draw out" disease. They were sold at the extremely high price of five guineas, and Haygarth set out to show that the high cost was unnecessary. He did this by comparing the results from
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in 1766 after which he was appointed physician to
Chester Infirmary in 1766. A decade later he married Sarah Vere Widdons on 23 January 1776; together they had four daughters and two sons. Haygarth's descendants now reside in
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154:(1784) which included statistical calculations supported by John Dawson. The book was translated into French and German and made Haygarth an internationally known figure. He further elaborated his ideas in
158:(1793). Unfortunately, his plan to inspect homes and provide general inoculation was resisted in the increasingly conservative 1790s. For his important work on smallpox, Haygarth was elected as a
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Haygarth recognised this is the reason why famous doctors are often more successful than unknowns. He even went on to suggest that much medicine of the day relied on the placebo effect.
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Of the
Imagination, as a Cause and as a Cure of Disorders of the Body; Exemplified by Fictitious Tractors, and Epidemical Convulsions
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257:. A ward at the Chester Infirmary was named after him and a Haygarth medal was established for the best nurse in the hospital.
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population of
Chester had never had smallpox led him to focus his energy on prevention. He wrote up these findings in a paper,
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in 1762 studying medicine for three years and leaving without a degree in 1765. After a studying medicine briefly at the
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to a degree which has never been suspected, what powerful influence upon diseases is produced by mere imagination
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physician who discovered new ways to prevent the spread of fever among patients and reduce the mortality rate of
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Sketch of a plan to exterminate the casual small pox from Great
Britain and to introduce general inoculation
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Booth, C. (2005). "The rod of
Aesculapios: John Haygarth (1740-1827) and Perkins' metallic tractors".
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wooden tractors with a set of allegedly "active" metal tractors, and published his findings in a book
207:(1812). He also helped found banks that would allow people to save money more efficiently and safely.
24:
472:
Wootton, David. Bad
Medicine: Doctors Doing Harm Since Hippocrates. Oxford University Press, 2006.
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Haygarth spent 30 years at
Chester and became known as one of the best physicians of his time. Like
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and continued his research. After analyzing his records from
Chester, he published a treatise on
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30 fever patients recovered. The following year, his precautions helped to stop the spread of
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69:, in a house where his grandparents' initials can still be seen above the door. He attended
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had been used since 1772, this was the first real demonstration of the placebo effect.
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In 1778 Haygarth helped found the Smallpox Society of Chester; the group advocated
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Haygarth died at Lambridge House near Bath on 10 June 1827, and was buried at
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The wooden pointers were just as useful as the expensive metal ones, showing "
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In 1799, Haygarth investigated the efficacy of medical instruments called "
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On the Imagination as a Cause & as a Cure of Disorders of the Body
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Haygarth was born to William Haygarth and Magdalen Metcalfe at
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in the town. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
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491:. Oxford University Press (2004). Retrieved on 23 July 2007.
305:. Vol. 25. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 294.
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150:, adopted the Society's methods. They were assisted by his
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Observations on the Population and Diseases of Chester
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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81:from 1759 to 1766. Haygarth matriculated at the
23:. For the English cricketer and magistrate, see
89:and in London, he took his MB degree from the
318:The Craven and North-West Yorkshire Highlands
360:. London: The Royal Society. Archived from
358:"Lists of Royal Society Fellows 1660–2007"
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41:(1740 – 10 June 1827) was an 18th-century
126:, Haygarth was supported by a network of
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488:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
389:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
384:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H"
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523:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
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83:University of Edinburgh Medical School
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320:. London: Elliot Stock. p. 418.
180:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
528:18th-century English medical doctors
267:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
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152:Inquiry how to Prevent the Small Pox
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19:For the Australian footballer, see
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543:People educated at Sedbergh School
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302:Dictionary of National Biography
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79:St. John's College, Cambridge
538:Fellows of the Royal Society
410:Journal of Medical Biography
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344:A Cambridge Alumni Database
340:"Haygarth, John (HGRT759J)"
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160:Fellow of the Royal Society
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10:
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422:10.1177/096777200501300310
346:. University of Cambridge.
200:Philosophical Transactions
185:In 1798 Haygarth moved to
21:John Haygarth (footballer)
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463:, Crutwell, (Bath), 1800.
205:Letter to Bishop Porteous
25:John Haygarth (cricketer)
458:15 December 2013 at the
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67:West Riding of Yorkshire
316:Speight, Harry (1892).
91:University of Cambridge
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296:"Haygarth, John"
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122:. Although he was an
518:People from Sedbergh
87:University of Leiden
234:". While the word
73:and was tutored by
481:Harrison, Simon. "
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211:Perkins' tractors
16:British physician
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112:James Currie
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513:1827 deaths
508:1740 births
291:Lee, Sidney
140:inoculation
75:John Dawson
502:Categories
326:1157926819
253:church in
251:Swainswick
128:Dissenting
438:208293370
182:in 1789.
148:Liverpool
456:Archived
430:16059528
261:See also
255:Somerset
162:in 1781.
124:Anglican
120:smallpox
102:Medicine
63:Sedbergh
59:Garsdale
47:smallpox
393:28 July
368:16 July
236:placebo
193:and on
61:, near
43:British
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176:typhus
434:S2CID
387:(PDF)
273:Notes
245:Death
221:dummy
144:Leeds
96:Perth
426:PMID
395:2014
370:2010
322:OCLC
195:gout
187:Bath
146:and
114:and
53:Life
39:FRSE
485:."
418:doi
36:FRS
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