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944:(represented by Ezekiel Sivak) began a coordinated effort to honour this request in 2010. With the assistance and support of the Israeli government and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, on 4 December 2014, the remains of Patterson and his wife, were re-interred in the Avihayil cemetery where some of the men he commanded are buried. Attending the ceremony were Prime Minister Netanyahu, members of his family, military and cabinet members of the Israeli government, the British Ambassador, the Irish Ambassador, Alan Patterson, Jerry Klinger of the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, Ezekiel Sivak of Avihayil, representatives and descendent family members of the Jewish Legion, Christians supporters of Israel, 350 guests and numerous other dignitaries. Netanyahu referred to Patterson as "the godfather of the Israeli army" and "a great friend of our people, a great champion of Zionism and a great believer in the Jewish State and the Jewish people... I feel it is an obligation of our people, our State and mine personally to fulfil his testimony".
607:, and Blyth's wife Ethel, Patterson's reputation was tarnished by Blyth's death by a gunshot wound (possible suicide β exact circumstances unknown). Witnesses confirmed that Patterson was not in Blyth's tent when the shooting took place, and that it was in fact Blyth's wife who was with him at the time, as she was reported as having run screaming from the tent immediately following the shooting. Patterson had Blyth buried in the wilderness and then insisted on continuing the expedition instead of returning to the nearest post to report the incident.
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397:) around the camps, bonfires at night, and strict after-dark curfews, the attacks escalated dramatically, to the point where the bridge construction ceased due to a fearful, mass departure by the workers. Along with the obvious financial consequences of the work stoppage, Patterson faced the challenge of maintaining his authority and even his personal safety at this remote site against the increasingly hostile and superstitious workers, many of whom were convinced that the lions were in fact evil spirits, come to punish those who worked at
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465:"SIR, β We, your Overseer, Timekeepers, Mistaris and Workmen, present you with this bowl as a token of our gratitude to you for your bravery in killing two-man-eating lions at great risk to your own life, thereby saving us from the fate of being devoured by these terrible monsters who nightly broke into our tents and took our fellow-workers from our side. In presenting you with this bowl, we all add our prayers for your long life, happiness and prosperity. We shall ever remain, Sir, Your grateful servants,
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824:. He was a member of the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe. During the Second World War, while he was in America, the British government cut off his pension, arguing they had no way to securely transmit his funds to him. This left Patterson in severe financial difficulty. He energetically continued working toward the establishment of a separate
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started) after thirty-five years of service. It is generally accepted that much of the admiration and respect of his men (and modern-day supporters) is due to the fact that he essentially sacrificed any opportunity for promotion (and his military career in general) in his efforts to ensure his men were treated fairly. His last two books,
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Patterson, J.H.(1907) The Man-Eaters of Tsavo. Macmillan. In the introduction to the Peter
Hathaway Capstick Library edition (1986: St. Martin's Press), Capstick writes, "As for the Tsavo Bridge? Alas, the German forces blew it to atoms during the East African Campaign, wasting all the terror, death,
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from his military service in India, undertook an extensive effort to deal with the crisis. After months of attempts and near misses, he killed the first lion on the night of 9 December 1898 and the second one on the morning of 29 December (narrowly escaping death when the wounded animal charged him).
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Shortly after, in poor health, Patterson returned to
England with Mrs. Blyth amid rumours of murder and an affair. Although he was never officially charged or censured, this incident followed him for years after in British society and in the army. His case was raised in Parliament in April 1909. The
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With the man-eater threat eliminated, the workforce returned and the Tsavo railway bridge was completed on 7 February 1899. Although the rails were destroyed by German soldiers during the First World War, the stone foundations were left standing and the bridge was subsequently repaired. The workers,
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toward his men from many of his superiors (as well as peers and subordinates), and more than once threatened to resign his commission to bring the inappropriate treatment of his men under scrutiny. He retired from the
British Army in 1920 as a lieutenant-colonel (the same rank he held when the war
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The man-eating behaviour was considered highly unusual for lions and was eventually confirmed to be the work of a pair of rogue males, who were believed to be responsible for as many as 140 deaths. Railway records attribute only 28 worker deaths to the lions, but the predators were also reported to
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route through the area, which contributed to a considerable number of abandoned bodies. Patterson reported seeing considerable instances of unburied human remains and open graves in the area, and it is believed that the lions (which, like most predators, will readily
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canine tooth that could have hindered normal hunting behaviour. However, this hypothesis accounts for the behaviour of only one of the lions involved, and
Patterson himself had disclaimed such theories, saying he had damaged the lion's tooth himself.
654:, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in November 1900. He returned home, but was again called for service when on 17 January 1902 he was appointed to command the 33rd Battalion, Imperial Yeomanry, with the temporary rank of
919:, niche 952-OC in Los Angeles. According to Patterson's grandson, Alan Patterson, one of his final wishes was that both he and his wife eventually be interred in Israel, ideally with or close to the men he commanded during the First World War.
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Almost immediately after
Patterson's arrival, lion attacks began to take place on the workforce, with the lions dragging men out of their tents at night and feeding on their victims. Despite the building of thorn barriers
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and are now on permanent display along with the original skulls. The reconstructed lions are actually smaller than their original size, due to their skins' having been trimmed for use as trophy rugs in
Patterson's house.
554:, which he noted possessed different features from elands in Southern Africa, where the species was first recognized. On returning to England, Patterson had the head of the eland mounted, where it was seen by
714:-majority parliament in Dublin. In 1913, the militias were organised into the 'Ulster Volunteer Force' (UVF) and vowed to resist any attempts by the British Government to impose Home Rule on Ulster.
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who in earlier months had all but threatened to kill him, presented
Patterson with a silver bowl in appreciation for the risks he had undertaken on their behalf, with the following inscription:
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like many others in the Tsavo area, and both were exceptionally large. Each lion was over nine feet long from nose to tip of tail and required at least eight men to carry it back to the camp.
859:, after Patterson. Patterson attended Yonatan Netanyahu's circumcision and gave him a silver cup engraved with the words "To my beloved godson Yonatan from Lt.-Col. John Henry Patterson".
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for food) adapted to this abundant, accessible food supply and eventually turned to humans as their primary food source. A modern analysis shows one of the lion's skulls had a badly
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Various theories have been put forward to account for the lions' man-eating behaviour: poor burial practices, low populations of food source animals due to disease, etc. There was a
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Science Daily: The tale teeth tell about the legendary man-eating lions of Tsavo, April 19, 2017 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170419091626.htm
907:. Eventually, with his wife in need of regular medical care and his own health in decline, he took up residence at the home of his friend Marion Travis in
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The workers and local people immediately declared
Patterson a hero, and word of the event quickly spread far and wide, as evidenced by the subsequent
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have killed a significant number of local people of which no official record was ever kept, which attributed to the railway's smaller record.
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1346:(2007), p. 60. Denis Brian's biography does not mention any involvement with the UVF, but is rather vague on this period of Patterson's life.
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522:, Patterson agreed to sell the Tsavo lion skins and skulls to the museum for the then sizeable sum of $ 5,000. The lion skins were then
1448:"The Seven Lives of Colonel Patterson: how an Irish lion hunter led the Jewish Legion to victory" by Denis Brian (pub. 2008), pg. xiii
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into Ulster from
Germany. Colonel Patterson is believed to have been part of this operation with some of the weapons being stored at
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Baboo PURSHOTAM HURJEE PURMAR, Overseer and Clerk of Works, on behalf of your
Workmen. Dated at Tsavo, 30 January 1899."
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Baboo PURSHOTAM HURJEE PURMAR, Overseer and Clerk of Works, on behalf of your Workmen. Dated at Tsavo, 30 January 1899.
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Portia Ante Portas: Women and the Legal Profession in Europe, ca. 1870β1925, Author: James C. Albisetti, Source:
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Jerry Klinger. The Struggle for the Jewish Legion and The Birth of the IDF. The Jewish Magazine (October 2010)
1053:"Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's Remarks at the Burial Ceremony for Lt. Col. John Henry Patterson's Ashes"
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He married Frances Helena Gray of Belfast in 1895. She, in 1890, had been one of the first women to take a
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911:, where he eventually died in his sleep at seventy-nine years of age. His wife died six weeks later in a
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1485:"Ashes Of Non-Jewish Commander Of WWI Jewish Legion Brought To Israel For Burial, Fulfilling His Wish"
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258:(1907), which details Patterson's experiences during the construction of a railway bridge over the
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The Seven Lives of Colonel Patterson: how an Irish lion hunter led the Jewish Legion to victory
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The Seven Lives of Colonel Patterson: How an Irish Lion Hunter Led the Jewish Legion to Victory
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In 1906, Patterson returned to the Tsavo area for a hunting trip. During the trip, he shot an
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816:. He remained a strong advocate of justice for the Jewish people as an active member of the
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481:, which documented his adventures during his time there. It was the basis for three films;
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nursing home. Both Patterson and his wife were cremated, and their ashes were interred at
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744:, led by Patterson (lead horse β left), marches in the streets of London, February 1918
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The Home Rule Crisis was halted by the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914.
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During his time in command of the Jewish Legion (which served with distinction in the
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appointed Colonel Patterson to the post of Game Warden β that is, superintendent of
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Patterson considered the bowl to be his most highly prized and hardest won trophy.
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Patterson was close friends with many Zionist supporters and leaders, among them
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has been described as "the first Jewish fighting force in nearly two millennia".
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With his reputation, livelihood, and safety at stake, Patterson, an experienced
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During the 1940s, Patterson and his wife, "Francie", lived in a modest home in
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of congratulations he received. Word of the incident was even mentioned in the
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Lieutenant-Colonel Patterson with the first Tsavo lion β killed 9 December 1898
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committee in London to oversee the construction of a railway bridge over the
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decades later. The Zion Mule Corps, which served with distinction in the
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1620:"Non-Jewish L.A. Zionist John Henry Patterson buried in Israel | Israel"
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in May 1902, arriving in South Africa after the war had ended with the
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in 1885 at the age of seventeen and eventually attained the rank of
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In the Grip of the Nyika; Further Adventures in British East Africa
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1712:"John Heny Patterson Biography β Zionism and Israel β Biographies"
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in the Middle East, which became a reality with the statehood of
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Israel Philatelic Service Bulletin, No. 68, January 2015, page 4
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and a promoter of a Jewish army to fight the Nazis and to stop
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Henry R. Lew, "Patterson of Israel" (2020) Hybrid Publishers,
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After his military career, Patterson continued his support of
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Colonel Patterson commanded the West Belfast regiment of the
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and horror that surrounded its creation in the first place."
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The reburial ceremony in Avihayil, Israel on 4 December 2014
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from 1898 to 1899. The book went on to inspire three films:
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PM Netanyahu's speech at the reinterment of Col. Patterson
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The Man-Eaters of Tsavo and Other East African Adventures
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smuggled 20,000 rifles and 2,000,000 rounds of ammunition
292:, which has been described as the first precursor to the
804:(1922) are based on his experiences during these times.
791:), Patterson was forced to deal with extensive, ongoing
776:) which would eventually serve as the foundation of the
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The Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation
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officer, hunter, and author best known for his book
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Mad for Zion: A Biography of Colonel J.H. Patterson
694:. The Ulster Volunteers were based in the northern
16:
British Army officer, hunter and author (1867β1947)
1424:
1400:"How UVF brought 20,000 guns into Ulster politics"
1387:Carson's Army: The Ulster Volunteer Force, 1910β22
1344:Carson's Army: The Ulster Volunteer Force, 1910β22
562:. Lydekker identified Patterson's trophy as a new
1512:"Bryan Patterson 1909β1979 A Biographical Memoir"
1328:. No. 36768. London. 15 May 1902. p. 9.
932:Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation
368:. He arrived at the site in March of that year.
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947:A souvenir plate postal stamp was issued by the
592:, an experience he recounts in his second book,
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1889:City of London Yeomanry (Rough Riders) officers
441:The second Tsavo lion β killed 29 December 1898
371:
1599:Israel reburies ashes of British WW1 commander
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1904:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
1874:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
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1500:, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Summer, 2000), pp. 825β857
1460:"The lion-killer who became an Israeli hero"
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998:With the Judaeans in the Palestine Campaign
802:With the Judaeans in the Palestine Campaign
356:In 1898, Patterson was commissioned by the
288:, Patterson served as the commander of the
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879:(1909β79) became a palaeontologist at the
511:(as the fictional character "Remington").
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690:militia founded in 1912 to prevent Irish
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348:(DSO). He retired from the army in 1920.
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1869:Military personnel from County Westmeath
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1550:I24NEWS John Henry Patterson Uri Shapira
1487:Jewish Press, Published: 14 October 2014
1427:"the Jewish Legion and the Israeli Army"
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1182:THE CASE OF LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PATTERSON
1102:(Supplement). 11 May 1915. p. 4622.
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686:of 1913β14. The Ulster Volunteers was a
623:The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber
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248:(10 November 1867 β 18 June 1947) was a
1839:Military personnel from County Longford
1914:Irish expatriates in the United States
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1780:Works by or about John Henry Patterson
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475:In 1907, he published his first book,
1651:from the original on 21 December 2021
1557:from the original on 21 December 2021
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847:. According to Benzion's younger son
1899:Burials at Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery
836:, less than a year after his death.
611:incident was referenced in the film
603:in 1908 with Audley Blyth, a son of
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1184:. HL Deb 1 April 1909 vol 1 cc593-8
887:Later life, death and final request
725:, HQ of the West Belfast regiment.
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1854:Irish soldiers in the British Army
1596:KaFaDoKyA NEWS (4 December 2014),
1273:. 27 September 1901. p. 6307.
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14:
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1641:Natan Slifkin (4 December 2014),
1576:"The Lion Hunter Returns to Zion"
646:(1899β1902), and served with the
558:, a member of the faculty of the
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1730:(2008) Syracuse University Press
1385:(1967), p. 122; Timothy Bowman,
1342:(1967), p. 122; Timothy Bowman,
1324:"The War β the reinforcements".
1163:. London. 5 May 1908. p. 14
895:Picture of the reburial ceremony
568:Taurotragus oryx pattersonianius
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1829:20th-century Anglo-Irish people
1824:19th-century Anglo-Irish people
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855:, Benzion named his first son,
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540:Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus
516:Field Museum of Natural History
514:In 1924, after speaking at the
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1547:ΧΧΧ¨Χ Χ©Χ€ΧΧ¨Χ (8 December 2014),
1517:. National Academy of Sciences
1357:"Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)"
1293:. 11 March 1902. p. 1732.
1253:. 23 March 1900. p. 1967.
1233:. 16 March 1900. p. 1792.
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986:With the Zionists in Gallipoli
798:With the Zionists at Gallipoli
756:, he became a major figure in
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309:Patterson was born in 1867 in
1:
1789:Works by John Henry Patterson
1771:Works by John Henry Patterson
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760:as the commander of both the
752:. Although he was himself a
1919:Writers from County Longford
1685:"John Henry Patterson photo"
710:feared being governed by an
605:James Blyth, 1st Baron Blyth
372:Tsavo railway and man-eaters
299:
182:Sinai and Palestine campaign
7:
1795:(public domain audiobooks)
1313:. 9 May 1902. p. 3091.
1213:– via newspapers.com.
1195:"The Late Hon. J. A. Blyth"
1171:– via newspapers.com.
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617:(1947), which was based on
346:Distinguished Service Order
197:Distinguished Service Order
10:
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1879:British Christian Zionists
1834:20th-century Irish writers
1692:Streeter, Patrick (2004).
1510:Olsen, Everett C. (1985).
1205:. 10 April 1909. p. 1
1203:Chelmsford, Essex, England
740:The 38th battalion of the
500:The Ghost and the Darkness
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281:The Ghost and the Darkness
1498:Journal of Social History
949:Israel Philatelic Service
917:Angelus-Rosedale Cemetery
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1425:EMAIL, Jewish Magazine.
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853:Prime Minister of Israel
748:Patterson served in the
590:East Africa Protectorate
453:, by the Prime Minister
264:East Africa Protectorate
1894:Essex Yeomanry officers
1884:Jewish Legion personnel
1687:. Field Museum Library.
1155:"Late Mr. Audley Blyth"
1061:Prime Minister's Office
951:in Patterson's honour.
717:In April 1914, the UVF
640:Essex Imperial Yeomanry
478:The Man-Eaters of Tsavo
352:East African adventures
255:The Man-eaters of Tsavo
1924:People from Ballymahon
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674:Ulster Volunteer Force
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490:Killers of Kilimanjaro
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305:Youth and Army service
275:Killers of Kilimanjaro
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778:Israeli Defence Force
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658:. The battalion left
638:Patterson joined the
574:Game warden and Blyth
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294:Israel Defense Forces
1767:at Wikimedia Commons
1765:John Henry Patterson
1737:http://www.JASHP.org
1714:. Zionism-israel.com
930:Alan Patterson, the
668:Peace of Vereeniging
594:In the Grip of Nyika
493:(1959) and the 1996
344:and was awarded the
241:John Henry Patterson
25:John Henry Patterson
1160:The Daily Telegraph
1051:(4 December 2014).
1049:Netanyahu, Benjamin
851:, who later became
808:Advocacy of Zionism
772:(also known as the
764:and later the 38th
614:The Macomber Affair
507:(as Patterson) and
208:Frances Helena Gray
77:Bel Air, California
1696:. Matching Press.
1466:. 29 November 2014
1381:A. T. Q. Stewart,
1338:A. T. Q. Stewart,
1310:The London Gazette
1290:The London Gazette
1270:The London Gazette
1250:The London Gazette
1230:The London Gazette
1099:The London Gazette
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849:Benjamin Netanyahu
789:Palestine Campaign
782:Gallipoli Campaign
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708:Ulster Protestants
656:lieutenant-colonel
579:Colonial Secretary
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495:Paramount Pictures
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342:Lieutenant-Colonel
238:Lieutenant-Colonel
149:Lieutenant-Colonel
137:Service years
1775:Project Gutenberg
1763:Media related to
1703:978-0-951-86643-6
1622:. 9 December 2014
1404:Belfast Telegraph
1383:The Ulster Crisis
1340:The Ulster Crisis
979:Macmillan and Co.
967:Macmillan and Co.
857:Yonatan Netanyahu
845:Benzion Netanyahu
680:Ulster Volunteers
652:Imperial Yeomanry
520:Chicago, Illinois
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621:'s short story "
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1693:
1678:Bibliography
1664:
1655:23 September
1653:, retrieved
1643:
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1626:23 September
1624:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:23 September
1603:, retrieved
1598:
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1579:. Retrieved
1570:
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1559:, retrieved
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1519:. Retrieved
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1064:. Retrieved
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883:in Chicago.
881:Field Museum
875:. Their son
866:
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826:Jewish state
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338:British Army
335:
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279:
278:(1959), and
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250:British Army
240:
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131:British Army
72:(1947-06-18)
70:18 June 1947
18:
1819:1947 deaths
1814:1867 births
1470:30 November
1361:BBC History
1305:"No. 27432"
1285:"No. 27415"
1265:"No. 27359"
1245:"No. 27176"
1225:"No. 27174"
1094:"No. 29160"
834:14 May 1948
800:(1916) and
732:World War I
682:during the
660:Southampton
629:War service
599:While on a
544:Joseph Smit
503:, starring
484:Bwana Devil
410:slave trade
362:Tsavo River
329:father and
286:World War I
269:Bwana Devil
260:Tsavo River
177:World War I
1808:Categories
1027:References
1003:Hutchinson
991:Hutchinson
905:California
754:Protestant
625:" (1936).
582:Lord Elgin
564:subspecies
505:Val Kilmer
327:Protestant
315:Ballymahon
99:Allegiance
46:1867-11-10
1718:3 October
1433:3 October
1326:The Times
1209:17 August
1167:17 August
913:San Diego
766:Battalion
692:Home Rule
447:telegrams
419:abscessed
300:Biography
203:Spouse(s)
140:1884β1920
1793:LibriVox
1649:archived
1555:archived
1464:BBC News
1410:28 April
1367:28 April
1066:16 March
1010:See also
1001:London:
989:London:
977:London:
965:London:
942:Avihayil
901:La Jolla
696:province
688:Unionist
642:for the
596:(1909).
487:(1953),
432:maneless
415:scavenge
333:mother.
272:(1952),
226:Children
155:Commands
88:Avihayil
1782:at the
909:Bel Air
814:Zionism
768:of the
758:Zionism
706:. Many
588:in the
524:stuffed
325:, to a
323:Ireland
311:Forgney
262:in the
220:
212:
61:Ireland
53:Forgney
1745:
1700:
1521:21 May
1083:p. 119
1057:Gov.il
1005:, 1922
993:, 1916
981:, 1909
969:, 1907
937:moshav
863:Family
830:Israel
700:Ulster
664:Assaye
662:on SS
601:safari
546:(1907)
497:film,
193:Awards
128:
119:Branch
109:
92:Israel
83:Buried
1515:(PDF)
1363:. BBC
1032:Notes
955:Works
552:eland
399:Tsavo
394:bomas
366:Kenya
214:(
210:
1743:ISBN
1720:2011
1698:ISBN
1657:2016
1628:2016
1607:2016
1583:2016
1563:2016
1523:2014
1472:2014
1435:2011
1412:2021
1369:2021
1211:2023
1169:2023
1068:2023
843:and
165:Wars
145:Rank
67:Died
40:Born
1791:at
1773:at
832:on
698:of
542:by
518:in
245:DSO
1810::
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1096:.
1059:.
1055:.
1040:^
903:,
873:UK
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216:m.
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391:(
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44:(
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