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of the 1850s combined with widespread and indiscriminate land clearing for mining, agriculture and settlement became one of the major causes of forest loss and degradation. Over the next three decades, the forests were denuded in the wasteful scramble to produce timbers for mining operations, such as
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as the only son of Jean La Gerche and
Marguerite La Mottee. His surname is a remnant of the island's Norman heritage, and he would have spoken fluent French as well as English. The La Gerche family were not only prominent farmers on the island, but his father was the local constable and lieutenant of
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By 1897, the year of his departure from
Creswick, nearly three-quarters of the forest had been thinned, much of it fenced and many plantations established. Mining was in decline and pilfering had practically ceased. The number of cattle in the forest had greatly diminished and their owners departed.
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Part of John La Gerche responsibilities required him to grow and nurture a new crop of trees and to restore the landscape scared by mining but he complained he couldn't achieve that until he controlled illegal cutting. However, Vincent's withering report in 1887 proved a watershed moment and John La
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Departmental restructuring is not new. Between 1856 and 1907 the responsibility for administration of
Victoria's forest estate shunted back and forth at least eleven times between three Government Departments including Lands and Survey, Agriculture and Mines. The State Forest Department was finally
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The forester in charge of the
Ballarat Water Commission, Christopher Mudd, also supported La Gerche by exchanging seeds, plants and ideas. From 1888 the Conservator of Forests, George Perrin also took a special interest in the nursery and plantation. La Gerche was resourceful and obtained new trees
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In 1887, John La Gerche established a small plantation in Sawpit Gully north of
Creswick by enclosing a 2-acre plot and transplanting over 700 seedlings. La Gerche chose the Sawpit Gully site because he was advised that its slopes and soils were “the very thing for growing pines”. The location was
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poppet legs, props, laths, sawn timber and firewood for boilers. The forests were being rapidly and recklessly cleared in ever-widening circles around the goldfields. By 1873 it was estimated that were some 1150 steam engines in the gold mining industry, devouring over one million tons of firewood.
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By 1889 La Gerche had planted over 19,000 trees in the plantation areas near the nursery. Aided by Albert Wade, a retired miner, the enormous task of fencing, digging holes and planting seedlings had the adjoining plantation reaching its largest size ten year later in 1899, covering 300 acres with
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However, as
Bailiff, La Gerche had to work with poorly framed regulations. The licensing system was permissive and the courts and magistrates were more often sympathetic to the mining industry and woodcutters. He was also pitted against expert lawyers aiming to dismiss forest offences. Convictions
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The absence of clear forest policies and regulations generally encouraged a sawmillers free-for-all. No doubt this had an effect on La
Gerches' long term attitude to the ineffectiveness of government controls. In 1871, Hodkinson introduced local Forest Boards in a vain attempt to exercise control,
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It's reported that La Gerche rode the boundaries of the forest on his horse alone and often stayed overnight to guard the site. He could then hear the sound of the axes and follow the trails of the buggies illegally removing produce in the early morning mist. But the most successful and notorious
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Correspondingly, in 1887 La Gerche recommended that forest reserves should be closed until the trees had attained a diameter of 12 inches. During that time special licenses could be given for the purposes of cutting the scrub and crooked timber, leaving the straight saplings. Without any formal
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In 1998, the La Gerche Trail was opened to commemorate his life and works. The walking trail was established by a senior lecturer from the nearby
Forestry School, Ron Hateley, and students of the University of Melbourne, in collaboration with Victorian Landcare Centre which was based at the old
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was one of both uniforms and jurisdiction. Bailiffs wore broad-brimmed hats and their authority extended over both Crown Lands and State
Forests, whereas Foresters wore a smaller cap (La Gerche wore a beret) and were responsible for activities only upon State Forest. Only Bailiffs were able to
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Forest management, government regulation and enforcement during this period was chaotic. Ironically it was the timber needs of the mining industry, on which much of the colony's wealth was founded, that led the
Government to finally act and set aside forest reservess. So in 1862, the assistant
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within the Agriculture Branch of the Department of Lands. Their appointment held out a promise to end the forest destruction under the 1884 Land Act which recognised the significance of forests for public purposes but the budget allocation was a paltry ÂŁ4000. His particular assignment was to
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It was not until 14 June 1888, that the first conservator of forests for Victoria, George Samuel Perrin, was appointed. He had previous experience in South Australia and Tasmania and despite having little power or authority, was able to appoint a number of foresters over the next 12 years.
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in 1895 to inspect and report on Victoria's forests. He underscored "State forest conservancy and management are in an extraordinary backward state". Ribbentrop's report prompted yet another Royal Commission which commenced in 1897 and produced 14 separate reports before closing in 1901.
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Not long after commencing his new role, La Gerche began repairing the denuded Creswick forest. Earlier in 1872, a government nursery had been established at Macedon by Victoria's first “Overseer of Forests and Crown Land Bailiff", William Ferguson. La Gerche worked closely with
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John grew up on a 14-acre farm which had been owned by the family since 1670. Between 1857 and 1862 he attended Victoria College for boys and excelled at his studies, winning prizes for proficiency in languages, (English, French and German), as well as mathematics.
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Meanwhile, timber licenses had been issued to sawmillers over 1000-acre blocks of the Wombat forest in 1873 but they allowed unlimited cutting and encouraged wastage. By 1897 the entire Wombat state forest was officially declared a "ruined forest".
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He began the immense task of restocking of the forest modestly in 1883 by experimenting with one pound of blue gums seeds. The seedlings were not successful, but he was not easily discouraged. John La Gerche undertook more trials of establishing
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but the task of regulating wasteful clearing proved formidable. The board employed only three bailiffs for the entire Wombat, Creswick- Ballarat districts: an impossible task on horseback. The Forest Boards were abolished in 1876.
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State Forest, an area almost the third the size of his native Jersey and his principal focus was to enforce regulations against illegal cutting of timber. No doubt a thankless task. His predecessor had been W. Llewelyn Jones.
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Many of the government plantations at Creswick were established in the late 1800s by John La Gerche to rehabilitate areas damaged by gold mining. St Georges Lake in foreground. Circa 1911. Source: State Library of
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timber cutters simply avoided him which wasn't hard to do so in the undulating forest. His diligence was not always supported by his distant superiors, and not surprisingly his tactics made him locally unpopular.
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highly disturbed by old gold diggings, but it had a water race snaking around the spurs. He established a nursery in 1888. The owner, Albert Wade, prepared the land for planting and agreed to become caretaker.
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John La Gerche was able to accompany Frederick D'A. Vincent during his visit to the Creswick forest in June 1887 and Vincent was later complimentary of his work to restore the forest landscape.
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Rob Youl, Brian Fry and Ron Hately (eds), Circumspice: One Hundred Year of Forestry Education Centred on Creswick, Victoria, South Melbourne: Forest Education Centenary Committee, 2010
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A bushfire swept through much of the Creswick forest in February 1977 and destroyed many of the stands of trees he planted but it is possible to still to find some remnants.
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in India to visit in 1887 and make recommendations. But to seek advice was one thing; to take it was another, and Vincent's scathing report was never tabled in Parliament.
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Elizabeth Nora Bendixon, also of Jersey, immigrated to Australia with her widowed mother and four sisters in 1859, and she worked as a housemaid to a wealthy family at
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on 30 March 1865. He listed his occupation on the manifest as "gentleman", and it is likely he had come to take up land as a new settler rather than as a gold miner.
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A commemorative statue of John La Gerche can be found on the trail which was carved by the Creswick Railway Workshops Association in 2014 from a fallen 112-year old
325:. With the encouragement of Perrin new species were introduced to include planes, oaks, English maples, limes, several species of pines, sycamore, elms and poplar.
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created in 1908 and La Gerche was appointed one of its founding Inspectors along with W J Code, and J Firth. The State Forests Department later became the
407:(Californian Redwood), believed to have been planted in 1902 by La Gerche's successor, John Johnson who was then the Superintendent of State Plantations.
127:, who had served in Bengal cavalry and maintained an interest in forests, the Government invited Conservator Frederick D'A. Vincent from the
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Later in 1908, La Gerche's original nursery was moved back to its present site further down the gully to coincide with the opening of the
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In 1889 about 100,000 seedlings raised at sawpit gully nursery we moved to the abandoned New Australia Mine site just north of Creswick.
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24,000 trees. But the Creswick climate proved harsh on the first plantings, with low rainfall and some characteristic severe frosts.
650:"Report on the state forests of Victoria : prepared in compliance with the request of the Hon. R. W. Best, Minister of Lands"
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experiment on 100 acres of Creswick forest to remove scrub and crooked trees but retain the healthy straight saplings. Messmate,
387:(VSF) at Creswick and then later in the 1980s his letters were found in a dusty cupboard in the old forest office at Melbourne.
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It is not clear what La Gerche subsequently did for the next six years after the collapse of his sawmilling enterprise.
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Before European settlement in the early 1800s, around 88% of the 23.7-million-hectare colony of what was to become the
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FCRPA - Forests Commission Retired Personnel Association (Peter McHugh) - https://www.victoriasforestryheritage.org.au
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Gerche's responsibilities shifted more to managing forests and plantations and less towards enforcement as a bailiff.
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McHugh, Peter. (2020). Forests and Bushfire History of Victoria : A compilation of short stories, Victoria.
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The Sawpit Gully area, including the nursery site and plantation, was granted heritage status in 2015.
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But it is also reported that La Gerche resisted pressure to clear out the Chinese from the forest.
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La Gerche was largely forgotten until the 1960s when his detailed pocket books turned up at the
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Aged thirty-six and with a growing family La Gerche chose a more secure job in 1881 with the
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Meanwhile, in 1870 John La Gerche and his partner Dodd were operating a small sawmill in the
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as a timekeeper. Later in October 1882, he was appointed as one of sixteen Crown Lands
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Meanwhile, and perhaps exemplifying the influence of Indian forestry throughout the
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A Fraternity of Foresters. A history of the Victorian State Foresters Association
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Victoria State of the Forests Report (2013). Dept of Env and Primary Industries.
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Creswick Nursery - Sawpit Gully. Circa 1920. Source State Library of Victoria.
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proved hard to achieve unless he had personally observed the illegal cutting.
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but he didn't intervene and sent them home to reach a gentleman's agreement.
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The Dynamic Forest – A History of Forestry and Forest Industries in Victoria
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and seedlings from any sources he could find, including some trees from the
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588:"Political Agitation for Forest Conservation: Victoria, 1860–1960"
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forestry training or guidance, La Gerche initiated a pioneering
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While La Gerche had personally planted over 100,000 seedlings.
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Ballarat Goldfields – painting by Eugene von Guerard – 1853–54.
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from London as an “unassisted cabin passenger”, and arrived in
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565:. Lynedoch Publications. Richmond, Australia. pp. 232pp.
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John La Gerche died on 18 November 1914 and was buried in the
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prosecute matters in court but La Gerche held dual roles.
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John La Gerche, pioneering Creswick Forester. Circa 1897.
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John La Gerche was born on 22 May 1845 on the island of
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84:The Victorian Gold Rush – Impact on the forests
592:International Review of Environmental History
285:seedlings in the nursery in the late 1890s.
394:nursery at that time. It is now managed by
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742:https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2899074696/view
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372:John la Gerche statue was carved in 2014.
752:https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/cchc/
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782:Victorian School of Forestry
667:"Forest Commission Victoria"
523:. Aust National University.
385:Victorian School of Forestry
358:Victorian School of Forestry
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351:Forests Commission Victoria
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323:Ballarat botanical gardens
100:in 1851 was tree covered.
724:"La Gerche - 100 Project"
710:"John La Gerche Monument"
462:. Melb University Press.
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605:10.22459/IREH.02.2016.01
276:Eucalyptus camaldulensis
240:Reforestation and repair
216:The distinction between
125:Lord Henry Brougham Loch
458:Taylor, Angela (1998).
338:Imperial Forest Service
193:Public Works Department
129:Imperial Forest Service
561:Moulds, F. R. (1991).
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119:At the urging of the
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787:Australian foresters
519:Carron, L T (1985).
404:Sequoia sempervirens
380:with his wife Nora.
289:Sawpit Gully Nursery
121:Governor of Victoria
105:Victorian gold rush
50:the local militia.
586:Legg, S M (2016).
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353:in December 1918.
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269:Eucalyptus globulu
256:Eucalyptus obliqua
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161:Clement Hodgkinson
114:Clement Hodgkinson
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505:978-1-74326-575-8
98:State of Victoria
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151:) between
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218:Foresters
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187:Victoria.
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67:Melbourne
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222:Bailiffs
210:Creswick
206:Ballarat
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655:. 1896.
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