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1555:. Washington's book proved immensely influential in Bantu thought and across the black world. It was subsequently translated into several Bantu languages in South Africa, but Dube never chose to translate it, instead putting its teachings into practice. This was a feat that was never duplicated, except by Garvey and his movement and, on a minor scale, by the political figure
1567:; years later Marcus Garvey attempted to see Washington because of a similar inspiration, though he arrived in the US in 1916, Washington had died the previous year. Dube's school is still functioning today. Dube was a firm believer in self-reliance, both as an ethical and spiritual quest towards realisation of dignity and respect in the eyes of others. In
1005:
In 1887, the Wilcox family were returning to the United States and John Dube and his mother persuaded the missionary couple to take Dube to
America, where he could further his education. The Cullens agreed, on the condition that Dube was to maintain himself financially; however, they advised him, and
1574:
Nokutela and John Dube's organisation success was not matched in their marriage. Their failure to have children was seen to reflect badly on
Nokutela and John fathered a child with one of their pupils. A committee was set up to investigate John, but they took no action and Nokutela felt humiliated.
1158:
For a missionary-educated person, there was conflict between the newly arrived
Western education and African traditional society. However, Dube navigated this social schism with a statesman-like ability, as in his later years, when he was able to win the trust of the Zulu royal family. It is
1469:
He embarked on writing biographies of the Zulu royal family, especially that of King
Dinizulu, making him the first biographer in African literature. There are numerous other works of less significant literary quality such as the 1910 essay "Ukuziphatha" ("On Behaviour").
1170:, founded in 1914. In his politics Dube was cautious and conservative, yet he was forthright on the rights of blacks and the paramount tenet of unity – he foresaw the necessity of the unity of black people long before Garvey came to the international scene.
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Dube had identified the Bantu woman as the weakness in developing Bantu society because of the society's restrictions on education for women and what he identified as woman's propensity to ephemera. Dube was particularly influenced by reading
Washington's
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1307:
He gave lecturers by invitation and he was awarded a
Doctorate of Philosophy as a result. His role as an educator has been less documented, but he held and proposed views on education and culture that were to be used in inimical ways by the
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Dube's first published work was an essay in
English on self-improvement and public decency that was published in 1910. The work that was to earn him the honorary doctorate of philosophy was the 1992 essay
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Dube's speeches as president of a black political mass-movement have never been made available. The next formation of black people into a coherent socio-political movement was to come into being with
1167:
1316:. Dube had identified the need to combine Western education with local customs and traditions, all grounded in broad African communal behaviour. His theories on education are found in both
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He was among the pioneering men of letters who helped to establish Zulu literature. He was one of the first published Zulu authors, although the first published Zulu book was written by
1159:
conceivable that Dube would never have been part of the SANC, except that his teaching and discourse on the necessity of unity chimed in with the then-nascent political atmosphere.
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815:(22 February 1871 – 11 February 1946) was a South African essayist, philosopher, educator, politician, publisher, editor, novelist and poet. He was the founding president of the
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1458:; text in pre-1936 Zulu old orthography). He went on to publish, in 1930, a historical novella that has proven to be popular and influential in Zulu canon titled
823:, with whom he founded SANNC. Dube served as the president of SANNC between 1912 and 1917. He was brought to America by returning missionaries and attended
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994:(UCCSA). His father, the Reverend James Dube, was one of the first ordained African pastors of the AZM. Dube began his formal education in Inanda and
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was called in to talk to Dube, who was misbehaving at the Adams School. His father James Dube was then the
Congregational minister at Inanda.
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Dube was also an educator, a speaker of note on the circuit engaging whites in lectures around the country. In 1901, he and his first wife,
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meeting in 1912. It was sung after the closing prayer and the ANC adopted it as its official closing anthem in 1925.
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Mid-1930s, Dube and his second wife
Angelina, with (l. to r.) Nomagugu, Joan Lulu, James Sipho and Douglas Sobanto.
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William found him his first work on the road gang when he arrived in
America. In late 1888, Dube enrolled at
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in his travels to the US to expand his education in early 1890. He and his wife founded the
1304:. This was the first educational institution in South Africa to be founded by black people.
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is no longer independent since being bought by the then proto-political association
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819:(SANNC), which became the African National Congress in 1923. He was an uncle to Dr
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until she became ill with kidney disease. She returned to live with John Dube in
1551:(1901), a book on self-reliance, the gospel that was taught by the American sage
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In 1893, he returned to Inanda, where in January 1894 he married Nokutela Mdima.
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women modern ways to be liberated and find a place in modern society. In his
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in the province of the Eastern Cape. Dube had been inspired by Washington's
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Dube and his first wife, Nokutela Dube, are credited with popularizing the
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In addition to his literary works, Dube and his wife founded the first
1362: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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898: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
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and, although he studied printing and self-help, he did not graduate.
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mission station of the American Zulu Mission (AZM), a branch of the
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First President: A Life of John Dube, Founding President of the ANC
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First President: A Life of John Dube, Founding President of the ANC
1658:
First President: A Life of John Dube, Founding President of the ANC
1625:
First President: A Life of John Dube, Founding President of the ANC
830:
He returned to South Africa, where in 1901 he and his first wife,
32:
1583:, and died in 1917 at the age of 44. Her funeral was attended by
1485:), in 1903, a publication that in 2003 celebrated its centenary.
184:
1292:, founded the Zulu Christian Industrial School which is now the
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government when it came into power in 1948 and legislating the
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The couple separated in about 1914, and Nokutela moved to the
1687:"Seth Mokitimi and education for ministry: What's in a Name?"
1131:
1628:. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media. p. 34.
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and other prominent members of what was to become the
1523:
980:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
846:. In 1903, the Dubes founded the isiZulu newspaper
1802:, Johannesburg City Parks. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
1528:Dube had experienced first-hand the influence of
1139:delegation to England, June 1914. Left to right:
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992:United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
16:South African writer and politician (1871–1946)
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1839:
1512:". This later became a national anthem after
790:
2452:Presidents of the African National Congress
1685:Simanga Kumalo; Neville Richardson (2010),
1055:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
144:, Shuter & Shooter Publishers Pty Ltd,
1846:
1832:
1605:
1603:
1444:The Black People and From Whence They Came
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31:
1815:Works by or about John Langalibalele Dube
1422:Learn how and when to remove this message
1268:Learn how and when to remove this message
1119:Learn how and when to remove this message
958:Learn how and when to remove this message
1756:, SAHistory.org.za. Retrieved July 2013.
1536:in 1901, a school dedicated to teaching
1516:'s choir used it. They played it at the
1279:
1130:
1733:"The pioneering woman the world forgot"
1600:
738:Music in the movement against apartheid
2477:20th-century South African journalists
2467:South African political party founders
2422:South African anti-apartheid activists
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2368:Congress of South African Trade Unions
1867:
1765:
1670:
1655:
1621:
1612:, Oberlin.edu. Accessed 6 August 2023.
1518:South African Native National Congress
1137:South African Native National Congress
817:South African Native National Congress
123:South African Native National Congress
1827:
1726:
1724:
1793:
1440:Abantu abamnyama lapo bavela ngakona
1360:adding citations to reliable sources
1331:
1206:adding citations to reliable sources
1177:
1053:adding citations to reliable sources
1020:
970:John Langalibalele Dube was born in
896:adding citations to reliable sources
867:
1696:
1585:Pixley ka Isaka Seme
213:Coloured vote constitutional crisis
13:
2071:Horatio L. Bud-M'belle (1919–1923)
1747:
1721:
1524:Influenced by Booker T. Washington
1008:Oberlin Academy Preparatory School
14:
2488:
2447:People from Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal
1808:
1327:
2457:South African Congregationalists
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2383:
2333:Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College
1336:
1182:
1025:
872:
856:). In 1930, John Dube published
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765:
728:Internal resistance to apartheid
183:
2462:South African newspaper editors
2432:Members of the Order of Luthuli
2251:Provincial Executive Committees
1731:Martin Vennard (13 June 2014).
1347:needs additional citations for
1193:needs additional citations for
883:needs additional citations for
238:Church Street, Pretoria bombing
1759:
1693:, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 259–274.
1664:
1649:
1615:
1456:"A man is his own worst enemy"
1438:, whose history of the Zulus,
1:
2373:South African Communist Party
1772:. Jacana Media. p. 189.
1594:
1452:Umuntu Isita Sake Uqobo Lwake
863:
38:
2246:National Executive Committee
1708:South African History Online
1016:
990:of South Africa to form the
703:Apartheid in popular culture
7:
1491:Inkatha yeNkululelo yeSizwe
1173:
825:Oberlin Preparatory Academy
273:Saint James Church massacre
268:Assassination of Chris Hani
10:
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2241:National Working Committee
1912:Zacharias Richard Mahabane
1894:Zacharias Richard Mahabane
996:Adams College, Amanzimtoti
278:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
121:Founding president of the
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1969:
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1863:
1856:African National Congress
1754:"Enoch Mankayti Sontonga"
1704:"John Langalibalele Dube"
1589:African National Congress
1371:"John Langalibalele Dube"
1217:"John Langalibalele Dube"
1068:"John Langalibalele Dube"
984:London Missionary Society
907:"John Langalibalele Dube"
526:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
151:
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117:
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48:
30:
23:
1622:Hughes, Heather (2011).
713:Cape Qualified Franchise
2117:Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo
1900:Josiah Tshangana Gumede
1882:John Langalibalele Dube
810:John Langalibalele Dube
743:Nostalgia for apartheid
25:John Langalibalele Dube
2442:Oberlin College alumni
2427:Colony of Natal people
2303:Congress of the People
1510:Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
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1155:
718:Disinvestment campaign
443:State Security Council
140:(1936) A Biography of
1499:Inkatha Freedom Party
1283:
1134:
1000:William Cullen Wilcox
708:Apartheid legislation
698:Afrikaner nationalism
258:Cape Town peace march
248:Trojan Horse Incident
208:1948 general election
2359:Allied organisations
2348:Shell House massacre
2318:Little Rivonia Trial
2266:ANC Veterans' League
2167:National Conferences
1906:Pixley ka Isaka Seme
1530:Booker T. Washington
1495:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
1477:/English newspaper,
1464:Shaka's Body Servant
1356:improve this article
1202:improve this article
1049:improve this section
988:Congregational Union
892:improve this article
858:Shaka's Body Servant
844:Booker T. Washington
821:Pixley ka Isaka Seme
606:Eugène Terre'Blanche
476:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
283:Shell House massacre
253:Khotso House bombing
223:Sharpeville massacre
158:(née Mdima), m. 1894
2234:Structure and wings
1610:"John Dube" profile
1561:King William's Town
1559:in his hometown of
1553:Ralph Waldo Emerson
1534:Ohlange High School
1314:Bantu Education Act
1294:Ohlange High School
860:. He died in 1946.
836:Ohlange High School
753:Sullivan Principles
2437:Newspaper founders
2256:ANC Women's League
1918:Alfred Bitini Xuma
1800:Nokutela Dube
1675:. pp. 57, 58.
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840:Tuskegee Institute
338:Conservative Party
218:1956 Treason Trial
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2298:Defiance Campaign
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2129:Kgalema Motlanthe
2047:Secretary-General
2019:Kgalema Motlanthe
1779:978-1-77009-813-8
1514:Ohlange Institute
1487:Ilanga laseNatali
1479:Ilanga laseNatali
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1995:Nelson Mandela
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1983:Nelson Mandela
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1962:(2017–present)
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1191:This section
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1164:Marcus Garvey
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243:Vaal uprising
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228:Rivonia Trial
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156:Nokutela Dube
154:
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142:Isaiah Shembe
136:
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109:
106:
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93:South African
92:
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68:
64:
51:
47:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2388:
2275:
2105:Oliver Tambo
2093:James Calata
2081:E. J. Khaile
2060:Selope Thema
2031:David Mabuza
1989:Oliver Tambo
1936:Oliver Tambo
1924:James Moroka
1881:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1768:
1761:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1711:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1624:
1617:
1581:Johannesburg
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1392:
1385:
1378:
1366:
1354:Please help
1349:verification
1346:
1321:
1317:
1306:
1302:EkuPhakameni
1287:
1264:
1255:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1200:Please help
1195:verification
1192:
1161:
1157:
1115:
1106:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1063:
1047:Please help
1035:
1012:
1004:
969:
954:
945:
935:
928:
921:
914:
902:
890:Please help
885:verification
882:
857:
851:
847:
829:
809:
808:
649:District Six
611:Desmond Tutu
601:Oliver Tambo
591:Helen Suzman
491:Bram Fischer
134:
130:Notable work
18:
2472:Zulu people
2417:1946 deaths
2412:1871 births
2143:(2017–2022)
2137:(2007–2017)
2131:(1997–2007)
2125:(1991–1997)
2119:(1969–1991)
2113:(1958–1969)
2107:(1955–1958)
2101:(1949–1955)
2095:(1936–1949)
2089:(1930–1936)
2083:(1927–1930)
2077:(1923–1927)
2068:(1917–1919)
2062:(1915–1917)
2056:(1912–1915)
2054:Sol Plaatje
2033:(2017–2022)
2027:(2012–2017)
2021:(2007–2012)
2015:(1997–2007)
2009:(1994–1997)
2007:Thabo Mbeki
2003:(1991–1994)
1997:(1985–1991)
1991:(1958–1985)
1985:(1952–1958)
1979:(1912–1936)
1956:(2007–2017)
1950:(1997–2007)
1948:Thabo Mbeki
1944:(1991–1997)
1938:(1967–1991)
1932:(1952–1967)
1926:(1949–1952)
1920:(1940–1949)
1914:(1937–1940)
1908:(1930–1936)
1902:(1927–1930)
1896:(1924–1927)
1890:(1917–1924)
1884:(1912–1917)
1691:Missionalia
1542:Ukuziphatha
1436:Magema Fuze
1412:August 2023
1318:Ukuziphatha
1258:August 2023
1153:Sol Plaatje
1109:August 2023
948:August 2023
842:founded by
551:Thabo Mbeki
546:Govan Mbeki
536:D. F. Malan
531:Mac Maharaj
466:P. W. Botha
393:Broederbond
98:Occupations
90:Nationality
42: 1910
2406:Categories
2111:Duma Nokwe
2066:Saul Msane
2013:Jacob Zuma
1954:Jacob Zuma
1735:. BBC News
1595:References
1557:Steve Biko
1382:newspapers
1228:newspapers
1149:Saul Msane
1079:newspapers
918:newspapers
864:Early life
659:Sophiatown
626:Jacob Zuma
511:Joel Joffe
501:Chris Hani
486:Ruth First
471:Steve Biko
328:Black Sash
110:Politician
81:1946-02-12
56:1871-02-22
2277:ANC Today
1875:President
1713:21 August
1641:21 August
1577:Transvaal
1310:Apartheid
1036:does not
1017:Statesman
680:Vlakplaas
644:Bantustan
581:Joe Slovo
177:Apartheid
152:Spouse(s)
138:(in Zulu)
2391:Category
2176:Morogoro
1501:(IFP).
1174:Educator
1147:, Dube,
771:Category
675:Sun City
169:a series
167:Part of
107:Educator
2289:History
1868:Leaders
1817:at the
1785:15 June
1739:23 June
1396:scholar
1298:Phoenix
1242:scholar
1143:, Rev.
1093:scholar
1057:removed
1042:sources
974:at the
932:scholar
135:uShembe
79: (
54: (
2226:(2022)
2220:(2017)
2214:(2012)
2208:(2007)
2202:(2002)
2196:(1997)
2190:(1994)
2184:(1991)
2178:(1969)
1776:
1632:
1508:song "
1398:
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1377:
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1230:
1223:
1215:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1066:
976:Inanda
934:
927:
920:
913:
905:
848:Ilanga
670:Soweto
638:Places
455:People
403:COSATU
353:FOSATU
263:CODESA
198:Events
104:Writer
63:Inanda
1569:Isita
1538:Bantu
1403:JSTOR
1389:books
1322:Isita
1249:JSTOR
1235:books
1100:JSTOR
1086:books
972:Natal
939:JSTOR
925:books
850:(now
37:Dube
2224:55th
2218:54th
2212:53rd
2206:52nd
2200:51st
2194:50th
2188:49th
2182:48th
1787:2014
1774:ISBN
1741:2014
1715:2023
1643:2023
1630:ISBN
1475:Zulu
1375:news
1320:and
1300:and
1221:news
1135:The
1072:news
1040:any
1038:cite
986:and
911:news
438:SACP
428:SAMA
423:SAIC
418:SADF
413:SACC
308:APLA
74:Died
49:Born
1689:,
1466:).
1358:by
1204:by
1166:'s
1051:by
894:by
827:.
813:OLG
433:SAP
388:UDF
383:PAC
373:HNP
368:PFP
348:ECC
333:CCB
323:BBB
318:AWB
313:IFP
303:ANC
2408::
1723:^
1706:.
1602:^
1591:.
1324:.
1151:,
378:MK
363:RP
358:PP
343:DP
171:on
65:,
39:c.
1847:e
1840:t
1833:v
1789:.
1743:.
1717:.
1645:.
1481:(
1462:(
1454:(
1425:)
1419:(
1414:)
1410:(
1400:·
1393:·
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1379:·
1352:.
1271:)
1265:(
1260:)
1256:(
1246:·
1239:·
1232:·
1225:·
1198:.
1122:)
1116:(
1111:)
1107:(
1097:·
1090:·
1083:·
1076:·
1059:.
1045:.
961:)
955:(
950:)
946:(
936:·
929:·
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915:·
888:.
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83:)
58:)
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