1141:" He accepted the appellant's argument that the Thirteenth Amendment barred segregation in public accommodations, as he believed that segregation imposed "badges of slavery or servitude" upon African Americans. He also accepted the appellant's argument that the segregation in public accommodations violated the Fourteenth Amendment on the basis that these accommodations constituted "public highway." He further wrote that "our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens." Harlan rejected the idea that the law in question was race-neutral, writing that "everyone knows that the statute in question to exclude colored people from coaches occupied by or assigned to white persons," adding that the law was "cunningly devised" to overturn the results of the Civil War.
1004:. Beginning in the 1880s, the Supreme Court increasingly began to adopt a laissez-faire philosophy, striking down economic regulations while at the same time allowing states to curtail the rights of African Americans. Harlan differed from many of his colleagues, often voting to uphold federal regulations and to protect the civil rights of African Americans. His judicial opinions were influenced by his life-long belief in a strong national government, his sympathy for the economically disadvantaged, and his view that the Reconstruction Amendments had fundamentally transformed the relationship between the federal government and the state governments. Though Harlan believed the Court had the power to review state and federal actions on a broad array of topics, he tended to oppose
1431:. Historian D. Grier Stephenson writes that "more than any justice with whom he served, Harlan understood the Reconstruction Amendments to establish a nationally protected right against racial discrimination, although it is a measure of the Court that he frequently articulated those promises in dissent." Legal scholar Bernard Schwartz writes that "Harlan's key dissents have generally been affirmed in the court of history. A century later, his rejection of the narrow view toward civil rights adopted by the Court majority has been generally approved." Harlan's view that the Fourteenth Amendment made the provisions of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states has also largely been adopted by the Supreme Court.
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1211:(1903) his opinion stated: "If the principles now announced should become firmly established, the time may not be far distant when, under the exactions of trade and commerce, and to gratify an ambition to become the dominant power in all the earth, the United States will acquire territories in every direction... whose inhabitants will be regarded as 'subjects' or 'dependent peoples,' to be controlled as Congress may see fit... which will engraft on our republican institutions a
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reestablish a state of involuntary servitude." In response to the plaintiff's claims regarding the
Fourteenth Amendment, Brown wrote that the Fourteenth Amendment was designed to "enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law," but added that the amendment "could not have been intended to abolish distinction based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political, equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either."
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to separate differences over legal matters from personal relationship. During his tenure, money problems continually plagued him, particularly as he began to put his three sons through college. Debt was a constant concern, and in the early 1880s, he considered resigning from the Court and returning to private practice. He ultimately decided to remain on the Court, but supplemented his income by teaching constitutional law at the
Columbian Law School, which later became the
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spirit of the recent amendments of the constitution have been sacrificed by a subtle and ingenious verbal criticism." Harlan argued that the
Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the authority to regulate public accommodations, and further argued that the Thirteenth Amendment empowered Congress to "eradicate" the vestiges of slavery, such as restrictions on freedom of movement.
1178:(birthplace) as the principal determiner of citizenship would lead to an untenable state of affairs in which "the children of foreigners, happening to be born to them while passing through the country, whether of royal parentage or not, or whether of the Mongolian, Malay or other race, were eligible to the presidency, while children of our citizens, born abroad, were not".
785:. Campaigning on a platform of vigorous prosecution of the war, he won the election by a considerable margin. As attorney general for the state, Harlan issued legal opinions and advocated for the state in a number of court cases. Party politics, however, occupied much of his time. Though still a committed unionist, he opposed Lincoln's
1085:. In his dissent, he wrote that "the common government of all the people is the only one that can adequately deal with a matter which directly and injuriously affects the entire commerce of the country." During the 1890s, he also wrote several dissents in cases where Court decisions curtailed the regulatory powers of the
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Harlan greatly enjoyed his time as a justice, serving until his death in 1911. From the start, he established good relationships with his fellow justices and he was close friends with a number of them. Though Harlan often disagreed with the other justices, occasionally quite vociferously, he was able
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and graduated with honors. Though his mother wanted Harlan to become a merchant, James insisted that his son follow him into the legal profession, and Harlan joined his father's law practice in 1852. While James Harlan could have trained his son in the office, as was the norm of "reading the law" in
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allowed state governments to engage in segregation. Rejecting the argument that segregation violated the
Thirteenth Amendment, Brown wrote that "a statute which implies merely a legal distinction between the white and colored races has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races, or
1166:(1898), Harlan joined Chief Justice Fuller's dissent proclaiming the dangers of having large numbers of Chinese immigrants in the United States. The Court's holding was that persons of Chinese descent born in the United States were citizens by birth. Fuller and Harlan argued that the principle of
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held that the
Thirteenth Amendment "simply abolished slavery," and that the Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize Congress to bar racial discrimination by private actors. Only Harlan dissented, vigorously, charging that the majority had subverted the Reconstruction Amendments: "The substance and
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Harlan was largely forgotten in the decades after his death, but his reputation began to improve in the mid-twentieth century, and many scholars now consider him to be one of the greatest
Supreme Court justices of his era. He is most known for his reputation as the "Great Dissenter," and he is
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was built and named in his honor. Centre
College, Harlan's alma mater, instituted the John Marshall Harlan Professorship in Government in 1994 in honor of Harlan's reputation as one of the Supreme Court's greatest justices. Named for Justice Harlan, the "Harlan Scholars" of the University of
1354:, the daughter of an Indiana businessman. According to friends and Shanklin's memoirs, theirs was a happy marriage, which lasted until Harlan's death. They had six children, three sons and three daughters. Their eldest son, Richard, became a Presbyterian minister and served as president of
622:, born in 1816 into slavery, and whom his father raised in his own household and had tutored by Richard and James Harlan, two of John Marshall Harlan's older brothers. According to historian Allyson Hobbs, Robert became highly successful, making a fortune in the
684:. He served in the post for the next eight years, which gave him a statewide presence and familiarity with many of Kentucky's leading political figures. With the Whig Party's dissolution in the early 1850s, Harlan shifted his affiliation to the
688:, despite his discomfort with their opposition to Catholicism. Harlan's personal popularity within the state was such that he was able to survive the decline of the Know Nothing movement in the late 1850s, winning election in 1858 as the
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before returning east and settling in
Cincinnati, Ohio. He "remained close to the other Harlans"; she suggests this might have influenced his half-brother John Marshall Harlan, "who argued on behalf of equal rights under the law in
847:, Harlan nonetheless established himself as the leader of the Kentucky Republican Party during the campaign. Harlan's views on Reconstruction shifted in the early 1870s, and he came to support Reconstruction measures such as the
1172:(that is, the concept of a child inheriting their father's citizenship by descent regardless of birthplace) had been more pervasive in U.S. legal history since independence. In the view of the minority, excessive reliance on
918:. Seeking to appoint a Southerner to the Supreme Court in the aftermath of the acrimonious and disputed 1876 presidential election, Hayes settled on Harlan. Though Harlan's nomination prompted some criticism from Republican
1309:(1911), Harlan strongly criticized the majority opinion for adopting the rule of reason; as the rule was not present in the original legislation, he believed that the Court was usurping Congress's legislative prerogatives.
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Harlan, the lone dissenting justice, strongly disapproved of the majority opinion, writing that "the judgement this day rendered, will, in time, prove to be quite as pernicious as the decision made by this tribunal in the
1333:, Washington, D.C., where his body resides along with those of three other justices. Harlan, who suffered from financial problems throughout his tenure on the Court, left minimal assets for the support of his widow,
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separate from both the
Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In 1867, he ran as a Conservative Union Democrat, competing against candidates nominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.
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of 1894. Harlan described the majority opinion as a "disaster to the country" because it "impairs and cripples the just powers of the national government." He was the sole dissenter in another 1895 case,
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824:, Harlan formed a successful partnership with John E. Newman, a former circuit court judge, and like Harlan, a Unionist turned Republican. In 1870, Harlan and Newman briefly took on a new partner,
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Harlan was fervently religious, and legal scholar James W. Gordon argued that his faith ”was the most important lens through which he viewed the people and events of his life”. A conservative
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dissent, he also stated "here is a race so different from our own that we do not permit those belonging to it to become citizens of the United States.... I allude to the
Chinese race."
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After the end of the Civil War in 1865, Harlan initially refused to join either the Democratic Party, which he viewed as too accepting of former rebels, or the Republican Party, whose
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to the Supreme Court. This Bible had become known as the "Harlan Bible", and as of 2015, has been signed by every succeeding Supreme Court justice after taking the oath of office.
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1189:(from 1901 to 1905) that the Constitution did not permit the demarcation of different rights between citizens of the states and the residents of newly acquired territories in the
1279:(1906), Harlan reiterated his belief that the Thirteenth Amendment empowered Congress to protect African Americans from discrimination and violence. He was the lone dissenter in
1273:(1905), but he agreed with the majority "that there is a liberty of contract which cannot be violated even under the sanction of direct legislative enactment." In his dissent in
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Harlan was largely forgotten in the decades after his death, but many scholars now consider him to be one of the greatest Supreme Court justices of his era. His grandson
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as a federal overreach. Harlan reluctantly accepted the party's gubernatorial nomination in 1875, and he once again lost by a substantial margin, this time to Democrat
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Harlan's jurisprudence was marked by his life-long belief in a strong national government, his sympathy for the economically disadvantaged, and his view that the
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While growing his legal practice, Harlan also worked to build up the Republican Party organization in the state. He served as the Republican nominee for
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Harlan did not embrace the idea of full social racial equality. While he had appeared to advocate for equality among those of different races and for a
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This article is about the pre–World War I United States Supreme Court justice. For his grandson, the mid-20th century holder of the same position, see
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ticket, but lost his office in a Democratic sweep of the state. In the aftermath of his defeat, Harlan joined the Republican Party, and he supported
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The Liberty Ships of World War II: A Record of the 2,710 Vessels and Their Builders, Operators and Namesakes, with a History of the Jeremiah O'Brien
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1244:, the first time the Court upheld the use of the Sherman Antitrust Act to break up a large corporation. Harlan also wrote the majority opinion in
906:, initially the only job he was offered was as a member of a commission sent to Louisiana to resolve disputed statewide elections there. Justice
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Harlan was born in 1833 at Harlan's Station, 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Danville, Kentucky, on Salt River Road. He was born into a prominent
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had fundamentally transformed the relationship between the federal government and the state governments. He was the sole dissenter in both the
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During Harlan's tenure on the Supreme Court, major Supreme Court decisions tended to address issues arising from industrialization and the
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for Bell, and he delivered speeches on behalf of the party throughout Kentucky during the campaign. In the secession crisis that followed
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were among his instructors. Harlan finished his legal education in his father's law office and was admitted to the Kentucky Bar in 1853.
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instead emerged as the compromise candidate, Harlan switched his delegation's votes and subsequently campaigned on Hayes' behalf in the
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system entirely foreign to the genius of our Government and abhorrent to the principles that underlie and pervade our Constitution."
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511:(1896), which permitted state and private actors to engage in ethnic segregation. He also wrote dissents in major cases such as
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such as railroads. The Supreme Court did not rule on the Civil Rights Act of 1875 until 1883, when it struck down the law in
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is an undergraduate organization for students interested in attending law school. Collections of Harlan's papers are at the
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A member of the Whig Party like his father, Harlan got an early start in politics when, in 1851, he was offered the post of
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in Washington, D.C., and there he taught a Sunday school class of middle-aged men from 1896 until his death in 1911.
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required fair compensation to be given for any private property seized by the state. The decision incorporated the
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prevented suits against state officials acting on behalf of the state. In his partial dissent in the 1911 case of
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Congress had passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 in the waning days of Reconstruction, outlawing segregation in
801:, attacking it as a "direct interference, by a portion of the states, with the local concerns of other states."
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2429:"Religion and the First Justice Harlan: A Case Study in Late Nineteenth Century Presbyterian Constitutionalism"
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in the following year, quickly emerging as the leader of the Kentucky Republican Party. In 1877, President
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in Comparative Perspective: Constitutional Interpretation, Jus Soli Principles, and Political Morality".
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based in Chicago. Harlan rode the Seventh Circuit until 1896, when he switched to his home circuit, the
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until the death of his father James in February 1863. At that time, Harlan resigned his commission as
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editorials, represented the Union in state court, and joined a militia known as the Crittenden Union
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When Harlan began his service, the Supreme Court faced a heavy workload that consisted primarily of
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The Supreme Court, headed by Melville Fuller, 1898; with Harlan in the front row, second from left
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Davenport, was the daughter of a pioneer from Virginia. Harlan grew up on the family estate near
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Harlan favored the total incorporation of the Bill of Rights, but the Supreme Court has instead
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During his final years on the Court, Harlan continued to write dissents in major cases, such as
523:(1895), which severely limited the power of the federal government to pursue antitrust actions;
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Separate: The Story of Plessy v. Ferguson, and America's Journey from Slavery to Segregation
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had struck down a federal law barring segregation by private actors, the Court's opinion in
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forces from the state, Harlan recruited a company that was mustered into the service as the
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Though Harlan was considered for several positions in the new administration, most notably
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28:"The Great Dissenter" redirects here. For the Australian judge with the same nickname, see
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431:(June 1, 1833 – October 14, 1911) was an American lawyer and politician who served as an
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and pro-slavery radicals. Like many other anti-secession Southerners, he supported the
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the Bill of Rights (making rights guarantees applicable to the individual states), in
970:. Harlan became the senior associate justice on the Court following the retirement of
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family whose earliest members had settled in the region in 1779. Harlan's father was
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529:(1905), which invalidated a state law setting maximum working hours on the basis of
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3284:"The First Justice Harlan by the Numbers: Just How Great Was the Great Dissenter?"
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Harlan died on October 14, 1911, after 33 years serving on the Supreme Court, the
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Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court
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Weeks after leaving the army, Harlan was nominated by the Union Party to run for
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The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
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The Great Dissenter: The Story of John Marshall Harlan, America's Judicial Hero
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https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6123842/eventful_life_of_robert_harlan_the/
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The Great Dissenter: Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan, 1833–1911
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1659:(Cincinnati, Ohio), September 22, 1897, p. 6. accessed August 5, 2016 at
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Sentencia que Declara Constitucional la Ley General de Migración 285-04
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843:; though he finished a distant second to incumbent Democratic Governor
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2717:"John Marshall Harlan, Location of papers, Bibliography and Biography"
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List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)
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John Marshall Harlan, Bibliography, Biography and location of papers
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Melville Weston Fuller: Chief Justice of the United States 1888–1910
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Harlan was the first justice to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment
468:, Harlan experienced a quick rise to political prominence. When the
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in Washington. Other papers are collected at many other libraries.
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White, G. Edward (1975). "John Marshall Harlan I: The Precursor".
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in 1897, and he served as acting chief justice after the death of
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Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago
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Harlan was one of four justices to file a dissenting opinion in
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Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago
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Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.).
2661:"Centre's John Marshall Harlan praised as civil rights pioneer"
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859:. The following year, Harlan worked to nominate Bristow at the
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The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995
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List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office
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Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes § Judicial appointments
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United States federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes
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Centre's John Marshall Harlan praised as civil rights pioneer
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1250:(1908), holding that Congress did not have the power to ban "
1066:(1895), which struck down a federal income tax levied by the
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After attending school in Frankfort, John Harlan enrolled at
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Oyez Project, U.S. Supreme Court Multimedia – John M. Harlan
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cases, with only a few constitutional issues. Justices also
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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
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During the 1860s, Harlan was a member of several ephemeral
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associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
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List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
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justice of the Supreme Court, arguing consistently in the
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United States Supreme Court cases during the Fuller Court
1406:. During his tenure as a justice, he was an elder at the
1362:, practiced in Chicago and served as attorney general of
1295:, Harlan argued against the Court's establishment of the
543:. He was the first Supreme Court justice to advocate the
488:. Harlan lost his re-election bid in 1867 and joined the
2844:
The Supreme Court Under Edward Douglass White, 1910–1921
1544:
United States Supreme Court cases during the White Court
1539:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Waite Court
808:
policies he opposed. He sought re-election in 1867 on a
2590:"New Northside ISD high school celebrates its namesake"
2308:
Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices
484:, he served in the war until 1863, when he was elected
435:
from 1877 until his death in 1911. He is often called "
2805:
The Chief Justiceship of Melville W. Fuller, 1888–1910
2005:. Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States
3214:
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
564:
later served on the Supreme Court from 1955 to 1971.
2722:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
2353:, Volume 33 Issue 1, pp. 17–41 (February 19, 2008),
1486:
2587:
2468:
2466:
2454:
1292:
Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States
1205:, a view that was consistently in the minority. In
4600:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
3211:
3167:
3150:
2987:
1436:John Marshall Harlan Community Academy High School
4499:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
966:, upon the death of its previous holder, Justice
773:and returned to Frankfort to support his family.
464:Born into a prominent, slave-holding family near
4526:
2463:
2282:
2280:
2245:
2216:
1034:Harlan joined the Court's unanimous decision in
517:(1895), which struck down a federal income tax;
2738:
2736:
2663:. Centre College. March 5, 2009. Archived from
757:After the state legislature voted to expel all
645:that era, he sent John to attend law school at
536:Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
3193:The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy
2931:The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy
2912:The White Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy
2864:The Republic According to John Marshall Harlan
2210:
1438:, a Chicago public high school, as well as by
125:September 1, 1863 – September 3, 1867
3509:
2861:
2277:
2227:University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
2022:
2020:
1979:
1977:
1908:
1906:
1374:, also practiced in Chicago and served as an
1238:(1925). Harlan wrote the majority opinion in
714:Throughout the 1850s, Harlan criticized both
614:John had several older brothers, including a
71:December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911
4655:Southern Unionists in the American Civil War
4640:People of Kentucky in the American Civil War
2733:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1711:
1709:
1684:"Review: 'A Chosen Exile', by Allyson Hobbs"
2777:John Marshall Harlan: The Last Whig Justice
2298:
1628:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 7.
1625:John Marshall Harlan: The Last Whig Justice
1579:the Bill of Rights on a case-by-case basis.
1011:
828:, but President Grant appointed Bristow as
584:politician who represented Kentucky in the
567:
3516:
3502:
3297:(629). University of Akron. Archived from
3190:
2928:
2502:"The Great Dissenter and His Half-Brother"
2182:Constitutional Law A Contemporary Approach
2017:
1974:
1903:
797:. Harlan also opposed ratification of the
776:
45:
16:US Supreme Court justice from 1877 to 1911
3239:Judicial Enigma: the First Justice Harlan
3236:
2909:
2821:
1915:
1706:
1427:especially remembered for his dissent in
1329:to remain on the bench. He was buried in
1218:Harlan delivered the majority opinion in
1155:
767:Western Theater of the American Civil War
472:broke out, Harlan strongly supported the
3269:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
3012:
2620:
2588:Foster-Frau, Silvia (October 11, 2017).
2366:
1876:
1681:
1417:
1241:Northern Securities Co. v. United States
1098:
1063:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
882:
878:
660:
514:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
4565:American people of Scotch-Irish descent
3209:
3122:"John M. Harlan in Kentucky, 1855–1877"
3042:
2985:
2888:
2056:
1742:from the original on September 14, 2016
1677:
1675:
1008:in favor of deference to legislatures.
937:George Washington University Law School
496:appointed Harlan to the Supreme Court.
4527:
3847:
3165:
2847:. University of South Carolina Press.
2807:. University of South Carolina Press.
2745:"'Harlan Bible' Day – March 12 (1906)"
2653:
2602:from the original on November 26, 2017
2426:
2347:Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited
1962:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 281–282, 289–290
1797:. American National Biography Online.
1789:
1787:
1772:from the original on November 18, 2015
586:United States House of Representatives
4650:Politicians from Louisville, Kentucky
3846:
3536:
3497:
3361:"The John Marshall Harlan Collection"
3119:
3069:
2950:The American Journal of Legal History
2947:
2840:
2742:
2641:from the original on October 14, 2021
2422:
2420:
2387:from the original on January 13, 2013
2179:
1801:from the original on December 4, 2015
1682:Sennanov, Danzy (November 23, 2014).
1398:branch of that denomination, opposed
1306:United States v. American Tobacco Co.
1267:exclude blacks. He also dissented in
1117:, which established the doctrine of "
1092:
709:Kentucky's 8th congressional district
4595:George Washington University faculty
3338:The Supreme Court Historical Society
3281:
3148:
3094:
2773:
2751:from the original on August 12, 2015
2499:
1837:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 38–39, 44, 108
1672:
1621:
1472:On March 12, 1906, Harlan donated a
1385:
929:
4645:Politicians from Danville, Kentucky
2802:
2569:from the original on April 11, 2012
2500:King, Gilbert (December 20, 2011).
1784:
1754:
1694:from the original on April 19, 2015
1408:New York Avenue Presbyterian Church
1181:Harlan was also the most staunchly
1111:delivered the majority decision in
1026:. In his majority opinion, Justice
861:1876 Republican National Convention
789:and supported Democratic candidate
545:incorporation of the Bill of Rights
13:
4635:People from Boyle County, Kentucky
4560:American people of English descent
4507:
3827:
3537:
3526:Supreme Court of the United States
3017:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2978:
2872:University of North Carolina Press
2697:from the original on July 10, 2015
2417:
2367:Matetsky, Ira Brad (Autumn 2012).
2044:Beth (1992), pp. 137–139, 158–159.
2026:Beth (1992), pp. 134–137, 143–145.
1983:Beth (1992), pp. 110–113, 119–129.
672:Kentucky in the American Civil War
665:
602:Chief Justice of the United States
14:
4686:
4550:19th-century American politicians
3334:"John Marshall Harlan, 1877–1911"
3257:
3174:. New York: Cowles Book Company.
2743:White, Darrell (March 12, 2008).
2512:from the original on May 24, 2019
1762:"John Marshall Harlan, 1877–1911"
1350:In December 1856, Harlan married
1325:. He was the last veteran of the
1321:on the court up to that time and
1074:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
520:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
3049:Supreme Court Historical Society
2427:Gordon, James W. (Winter 2001).
2414:Beth (1992), pp. 22–23, 188–189.
2351:Journal of Supreme Court History
2327:Supreme Court Historical Society
1766:Supreme Court Historical Society
1655:Eventful Life of Robert Harlan,
1503:
1489:
1440:John Marshall Harlan High School
1340:
981:
793:'s unsuccessful campaign in the
480:. Despite his opposition to the
353:
3365:Louis D. Brandeis School of Law
2709:
2679:
2614:
2581:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2445:
2408:
2405:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 32–33, 45
2399:
2360:
2336:
2306:"Christensen, George A. (1983)
2289:
2268:
2217:Glen, Patrick J. (Fall 2007). "
2198:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2047:
2038:
2029:
1995:
1986:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1894:
1885:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1569:
1556:
1459:Louis D. Brandeis School of Law
270:
4660:Transylvania University alumni
4580:Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
3237:Yarbrough, Tinsley E. (1995).
2910:Shoemaker, Rebecca S. (2004).
2892:A History of the Supreme Court
2826:. W. W. Norton & Company.
2766:
2747:. American Judicial Alliance.
2143:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 478, 484
1828:Beth (1992), pp. 18–19, 29–37.
1718:
1649:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1368:Interstate Commerce Commission
1087:Interstate Commerce Commission
851:, though he still opposed the
734:. Harlan agreed to serve as a
592:. Harlan's mother, Elizabeth,
590:Secretary of State of Kentucky
547:, and his majority opinion in
539:(1911), which established the
1:
3191:Stephenson, D. Grier (2003).
3126:Filson Club History Quarterly
3120:Hartz, Louis (January 1940).
3095:Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992).
2929:Stephenson, D. Grier (2003).
2862:Przybyszewski, Linda (1999).
2252:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
2170:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 485–486
2161:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 483–484
2152:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 478–479
2107:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 352–355
2098:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 346–348
1992:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 298–299
1971:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 290–291
1953:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 284–288
1944:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 211–213
1935:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 209–210
1912:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 206–209
1891:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 194–196
1864:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 122–124
1846:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 115–116
1586:
1163:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
891:
4555:20th-century American judges
4545:19th-century American judges
3449:Attorney General of Kentucky
2786:University Press of Kentucky
2472:Przybyszewski (1999), p. 48.
1715:Beth (1992), pp. 7–8, 13–17.
1591:
1402:, and stridently adhered to
783:Attorney General of Kentucky
486:attorney general of Kentucky
323:Elizabeth Davenport (mother)
113:Attorney General of Kentucky
7:
3241:. Oxford University Press.
3210:Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994).
3013:Canellos, Peter S. (2021).
2895:. Oxford University Press.
2460:Przybyszewski (1999), p. 57
2286:Shoemaker (2004), pp. 38–39
2080:White (1975), pp. 11, 20–21
1819:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 34–35
1736:Chicago-Kent College of Law
1603:Luxenberg (2019), pp. 30–31
1482:
1107:In 1896, Associate Justice
10:
4691:
4605:Kentucky attorneys general
3367:. University of Louisville
3354:Includes official portrait
2994:(3rd ed.). New York:
2986:Abraham, Henry J. (1992).
2803:Ely, James W. Jr. (2012).
2621:Williams, Greg H. (2014).
2559:"Harlan Community Academy"
2345:, Christensen, George A.,
2003:"Justices 1789 to Present"
1666:September 8, 2018, at the
1434:Harlan is commemorated by
985:
895:
818:1868 presidential election
795:1864 presidential election
732:1860 presidential election
669:
27:
20:
4590:County judges in Kentucky
4505:
3855:
3842:
3825:
3545:
3532:
3482:
3473:
3465:
3455:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3282:Chin, Gabriel J. (1999).
3166:Latham, Frank B. (1970).
3149:King, Willard L. (1950).
2889:Schwarz, Bernard (1995).
2841:Pratt, Walter F. (1999).
2822:Luxenberg, Steve (2019).
2548:Stephenson (2003), p. 115
2530:Stephenson (2003), p. 114
2184:. US: West. p. 682.
2125:Stephenson (2003), p. 116
1511:American Civil War portal
1413:
1345:
1285:(1908), arguing that the
1040:(1883), which ruled that
1002:Reconstruction Amendments
956:federal judicial circuits
916:Illinois General Assembly
787:Emancipation Proclamation
694:Franklin County, Kentucky
680:of the state by governor
655:Thomas Alexander Marshall
580:, a lawyer and prominent
501:Reconstruction Amendments
482:Emancipation Proclamation
422:
412:
402:
392:
384:
374:
366:
361:
349:
330:
310:
295:
280:
255:
219:
207:
190:
170:
165:
161:
151:
139:
129:
118:
111:
99:
87:
75:
64:
57:
53:
44:
37:
3396:Party political offices
2595:San Antonio Express-News
1926:Beth (1992), pp. 81–109.
1900:Luxenberg (2019), p. 202
1855:Luxenberg (2019), p. 119
1577:selectively incorporated
1549:
1463:University of Louisville
1312:
1146:color-blind Constitution
1068:Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act
1012:Earlier cases, 1877–1896
853:Civil Rights Act of 1875
568:Early life and education
553:(1897) incorporated the
4615:Kentucky Oppositionists
3274:Federal Judicial Center
3272:, a publication of the
3103:Oxford University Press
3053:Congressional Quarterly
3043:Cushman, Clare (2001).
2996:Oxford University Press
2774:Beth, Loren P. (1992).
2539:Schwartz (1995), p. 163
2295:Pratt (1999), pp. 39–42
2180:Maggs, Gregory (2011).
2134:Shoemaker (2004), p. 39
2116:Schwartz (1995), p. 185
2089:Shoemaker (2004), p. 16
1882:Beth (1992), pp. 68–80.
1873:Beth (1992), pp. 38–68.
1795:"Harlan, John Marshall"
1657:The Cincinnati Enquirer
1622:Beth, Loren P. (1992).
1612:Luxenberg (2019), p. 33
1380:John Marshall Harlan II
1352:Malvina French Shanklin
1335:Malvina Shanklin Harlan
1276:Hodges v. United States
1042:anti-miscegenation laws
924:judicial oath of office
849:Enforcement Act of 1870
777:Party leader: 1863–1877
765:. Harlan served in the
647:Transylvania University
562:John Marshall Harlan II
531:substantive due process
344:Transylvania University
285:John Marshall Harlan II
23:John Marshall Harlan II
4610:Kentucky Know Nothings
4570:American Presbyterians
4512:
3832:
2687:"Office of Admissions"
1423:
1378:. John Maynard's son,
1370:. Their youngest son,
1247:Adair v. United States
1156:Later cases, 1897–1911
1104:
968:Howell Edmunds Jackson
926:on December 10, 1877.
888:
830:U.S. solicitor general
763:10th Kentucky Infantry
609:Colony of Pennsylvania
478:10th Kentucky Infantry
407:10th Kentucky Infantry
215:Washington, D.C., U.S.
184:Boyle County, Kentucky
4585:Centre College alumni
4511:
3831:
3679:Edward Douglass White
3327:U.S. Court of Appeals
3036:July 1, 2021, at the
2490:Beth (1992), pp. 1–2.
2355:University of Alabama
2071:White (1975), pp. 5–6
2062:White (1975), pp. 2–3
1421:
1224:(1897), holding that
1102:
1083:Sherman Antitrust Act
1054:Hurtado v. California
1044:were constitutional.
1018:public accommodations
972:Stephen Johnson Field
886:
879:Supreme Court Justice
661:Politician and lawyer
640:. He was a member of
600:. He was named after
385:Years of service
30:Michael Kirby (judge)
4620:Kentucky Republicans
4575:American prosecutors
3711:Charles Evans Hughes
3415:Governor of Kentucky
3344:on November 18, 2015
3264:John Marshall Harlan
2729:on January 19, 2009.
2667:on December 15, 2009
2434:Marquette Law Review
2316:on September 3, 2005
2274:Beth (1992), p. 250.
1366:and chairman of the
1358:. Their second son,
1319:third-longest tenure
1252:yellow-dog contracts
1109:Henry Billings Brown
1103:John Marshall Harlan
996:White Court (judges)
837:governor of Kentucky
816:'s candidacy in the
799:Thirteenth Amendment
736:presidential elector
720:Constitutional Union
624:California Gold Rush
429:John Marshall Harlan
239:Constitutional Union
39:John Marshall Harlan
4665:Union Army officers
3695:William Howard Taft
3304:on January 11, 2012
3132:(1). Archived from
2451:Beth (1992), p. 149
2053:Pratt (1999), p. 25
1467:Library of Congress
1372:John Maynard Harlan
1356:Lake Forest College
1331:Rock Creek Cemetery
1270:Lochner v. New York
869:Rutherford B. Hayes
791:George B. McClellan
620:Robert James Harlan
598:Frankfort, Kentucky
526:Lochner v. New York
494:Rutherford B. Hayes
437:The Great Dissenter
289:Robert James Harlan
212:Rock Creek Cemetery
82:Rutherford B. Hayes
4625:Kentucky Unionists
4513:
3849:Associate justices
3833:
3220:Garland Publishing
2481:White (1975), p. 1
2207:, 169 U.S. at 709.
1688:The New York Times
1474:King James Version
1429:Plessy v. Ferguson
1424:
1422:Harlan's gravesite
1323:sixth-longest ever
1287:Eleventh Amendment
1235:Gitlow v. New York
1208:Hawaii v. Mankichi
1123:Civil Rights Cases
1119:separate but equal
1114:Plessy v. Ferguson
1105:
1094:Plessy v. Ferguson
1081:actions under the
1023:Civil Rights Cases
889:
630:Plessy v. Ferguson
509:Plessy v. Ferguson
505:Civil Rights Cases
476:and recruited the
470:American Civil War
466:Danville, Kentucky
448:Plessy v. Ferguson
442:Civil Rights Cases
417:American Civil War
379:United States Army
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
3838:
3837:
3791:William Rehnquist
3492:
3491:
3483:Succeeded by
3456:Succeeded by
3424:Succeeded by
3159:Macmillan Company
3047:(2nd ed.). (
2563:harlanfalcons.org
2369:"The Harlan Fund"
2191:978-0-314-27355-0
2035:Ely (2012), p. 28
1635:978-0-8131-1778-2
1442:in Texas. During
1394:, he favored the
1386:Religious beliefs
1028:Joseph P. Bradley
1006:judicial activism
930:Life on the Court
857:James B. McCreary
832:later that year.
426:
425:
4682:
4501:
4401:
4255:
4193:
4149:
3865:
3844:
3843:
3775:Warren E. Burger
3583:Oliver Ellsworth
3534:
3533:
3524:Justices of the
3518:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3466:Preceded by
3439:Preceded by
3404:George M. Thomas
3401:Preceded by
3393:
3392:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3340:. Archived from
3325:, Sixth Circuit
3313:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3291:Akron Law Review
3288:
3252:
3233:
3217:
3206:
3185:
3173:
3162:
3157:. New York: The
3156:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3116:
3091:
3066:
3028:
3009:
2993:
2973:
2944:
2925:
2906:
2885:
2858:
2837:
2818:
2799:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2725:. Archived from
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2585:
2579:
2578:
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2574:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2373:
2364:
2358:
2340:
2334:
2331:Internet Archive
2325:
2323:
2321:
2312:. Archived from
2302:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1726:"John M. Harlan"
1722:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1679:
1670:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1564:unionist parties
1560:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1400:higher criticism
1183:anti-imperialist
904:Attorney General
826:Benjamin Bristow
814:Ulysses S. Grant
707:for the seat in
705:William E. Simms
698:Opposition Party
678:adjutant general
651:George Robertson
490:Republican Party
362:Military service
357:
274:
272:
262:Malvina Shanklin
201:Washington, D.C.
197:
194:October 14, 1911
180:
178:
166:Personal details
154:
142:
134:Thomas Bramlette
123:
102:
90:
78:
69:
49:
35:
34:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4514:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4396:
4337:J. M. Harlan II
4250:
4188:
4144:
3860:
3851:
3834:
3823:
3822:
3727:Harlan F. Stone
3663:Melville Fuller
3631:Salmon P. Chase
3541:
3528:
3522:
3488:
3479:
3471:
3461:
3452:
3444:
3429:
3418:
3406:
3383:(March 5, 2009)
3370:
3368:
3359:
3347:
3345:
3332:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3286:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3230:
3222:. p. 590.
3203:
3182:
3139:
3137:
3113:
3088:
3063:
3038:Wayback Machine
3025:
3006:
2981:
2979:Further reading
2976:
2941:
2922:
2903:
2882:
2868:Chapel Hill, NC
2855:
2834:
2815:
2796:
2769:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2741:
2734:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2341:
2337:
2319:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2250:
2246:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1673:
1668:Wayback Machine
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1416:
1388:
1360:James S. Harlan
1348:
1343:
1315:
1260:Giles v. Harris
1230:Fifth Amendment
1158:
1137:Dred Scott Case
1121:." Whereas the
1097:
1037:Pace v. Alabama
1014:
998:
984:
976:Melville Fuller
960:Seventh Circuit
954:in the various
932:
900:
894:
881:
865:James G. Blaine
779:
744:Abraham Lincoln
674:
668:
666:Rise: 1851–1863
663:
649:in 1850, where
570:
454:Giles v. Harris
342:
326:
276:
273: 1856)
268:
264:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
220:Political party
214:
199:
195:
182:
176:
174:
152:
140:
124:
119:
100:
88:
76:
70:
65:
40:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:Kentucky Whigs
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4506:
4504:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:(2022–present)
4486:
4485:(2020–present)
4480:
4479:(2018–present)
4474:
4473:(2017–present)
4468:
4467:(2010–present)
4462:
4461:(2009–present)
4456:
4455:(2006–present)
4450:
4444:
4438:
4437:(1991–present)
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3804:
3788:
3772:
3756:
3743:Fred M. Vinson
3740:
3724:
3708:
3692:
3676:
3660:
3647:Morrison Waite
3644:
3628:
3615:Roger B. Taney
3612:
3596:
3580:
3564:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:Chief justices
3530:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3434:Legal offices
3431:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3387:Centre College
3377:
3357:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3258:External links
3256:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3234:
3228:
3207:
3201:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3163:
3146:
3136:on May 2, 2012
3117:
3111:
3092:
3086:
3067:
3061:
3040:
3023:
3010:
3004:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2962:10.2307/844579
2945:
2939:
2926:
2920:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2880:
2859:
2853:
2838:
2832:
2819:
2813:
2800:
2794:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2732:
2708:
2691:louisville.edu
2678:
2652:
2634:978-1476617541
2633:
2613:
2580:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2380:. p. 23.
2359:
2335:
2297:
2288:
2276:
2267:
2244:
2209:
2197:
2190:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2016:
1994:
1985:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1914:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1783:
1753:
1717:
1705:
1671:
1648:
1634:
1614:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1568:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1484:
1481:
1453:John M. Harlan
1415:
1412:
1387:
1384:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1314:
1311:
1297:rule of reason
1282:Ex parte Young
1157:
1154:
1096:
1091:
1013:
1010:
983:
980:
931:
928:
893:
890:
880:
877:
845:Preston Leslie
806:Reconstruction
778:
775:
728:Edward Everett
667:
664:
662:
659:
638:Centre College
618:half-brother,
611:in the 1600s.
588:and served as
569:
566:
555:Takings Clause
541:rule of reason
424:
423:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
376:
375:Branch/service
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
359:
358:
351:
347:
346:
335:Centre College
332:
328:
327:
325:
324:
321:
314:
312:
308:
307:
297:
293:
292:
282:
278:
277:
266:
260:
259:
257:
253:
252:
221:
217:
216:
209:
205:
204:
198:(aged 78)
192:
188:
187:
172:
168:
167:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
116:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4687:
4676:
4675:Harlan family
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4510:
4500:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:* (1972–1986)
4399:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:* (1925–1941)
4253:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:* (1910–1916)
4191:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:* (1894–1910)
4147:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:* (1790–1791)
3863:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3599:John Marshall
3597:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3567:John Rutledge
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3487:
3486:Mahlon Pitney
3478:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3250:
3248:9780195074642
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3229:0-8153-1176-1
3225:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3204:
3202:9781576078297
3198:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3181:9780402141419
3177:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3112:0-19-505835-6
3108:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3087:0-7910-1377-4
3083:
3079:
3078:Chelsea House
3075:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3062:1-56802-126-7
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:online review
3026:
3024:9781501188206
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3005:0-19-506557-3
3001:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2940:9781576078297
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2921:9781576079737
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2902:9780195093872
2898:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2883:
2881:0-8078-4789-5
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2854:9781570033094
2850:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2835:
2833:9780393239379
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2814:9781611171716
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2795:0-8131-1778-X
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:Lexington, KY
2779:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:. McFarland.
2626:
2625:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2457:
2448:
2441:(2): 317–422.
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2421:
2411:
2402:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2377:The Green Bag
2370:
2363:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1596:
1578:
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1188:
1187:Insular Cases
1184:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:jus sanguinis
1165:
1164:
1153:
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1038:
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982:Jurisprudence
979:
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873:1876 election
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
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768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:abolitionists
712:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:Know Nothings
683:
679:
673:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
642:Beta Theta Pi
639:
634:
632:
631:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
605:John Marshall
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
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565:
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558:
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483:
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467:
462:
461:and onward.
460:
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411:
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298:
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258:
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226:(before 1854)
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208:Resting place
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104:
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68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
24:
19:
4498:
4197:Van Devanter
4085:J. M. Harlan
4084:
3814:
3811:2005–present
3807:John Roberts
3798:
3782:
3766:
3750:
3734:
3718:
3702:
3686:
3670:
3654:
3638:
3622:
3606:
3590:
3574:
3558:
3474:
3447:
3442:Andrew James
3427:Walter Evans
3413:nominee for
3409:
3380:
3369:. Retrieved
3364:
3353:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:the original
3337:
3306:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3294:
3290:
3267:
3238:
3218:. New York:
3213:
3195:. ABC-CLIO.
3192:
3169:
3152:
3140:November 30,
3138:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3129:
3125:
3101:. New York:
3097:
3080:Publishers.
3072:
3044:
3014:
2989:
2953:
2949:
2933:. ABC-CLIO.
2930:
2914:. ABC-CLIO.
2911:
2891:
2863:
2843:
2823:
2804:
2776:
2753:. Retrieved
2727:the original
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2690:
2681:
2671:December 10,
2669:. Retrieved
2665:the original
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2623:
2616:
2606:November 27,
2604:. Retrieved
2593:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2505:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2410:
2401:
2391:November 25,
2389:. Retrieved
2375:
2362:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2320:November 24,
2318:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2307:
2300:
2291:
2270:
2265: (1898).
2251:
2247:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:Wong Kim Ark
2218:
2212:
2205:Wong Kim Ark
2204:
2200:
2181:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2009:February 17,
2007:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1774:. Retrieved
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1731:Oyez Project
1729:
1720:
1696:. Retrieved
1687:
1656:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1624:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1571:
1558:
1471:
1452:
1448:Liberty ship
1444:World War II
1433:
1428:
1425:
1392:Presbyterian
1389:
1349:
1316:
1304:
1301:Standard Oil
1300:
1290:
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1274:
1268:
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1049:incorporated
1046:
1035:
1033:
1021:
1015:
999:
992:Fuller Court
952:rode circuit
941:
933:
901:
834:
820:. Moving to
803:
780:
756:
713:
690:county judge
682:John L. Helm
675:
635:
628:
613:
593:
578:James Harlan
574:slaveholding
571:
559:
548:
534:
524:
518:
512:
508:
504:
498:
463:
459:Warren Court
452:
446:
440:
436:
428:
427:
413:Battles/wars
318:James Harlan
305:John Maynard
287:(grandson),
229:Know Nothing
196:(1911-10-14)
181:June 1, 1833
153:Succeeded by
146:Andrew James
120:
101:Succeeded by
77:Nominated by
66:
18:
4540:1911 deaths
4535:1833 births
4449:(1994–2022)
4443:(1993–2020)
4431:(1990–2009)
4425:(1988–2018)
4419:(1986–2016)
4413:(1981–2006)
4407:(1975–2010)
4393:(1972–1987)
4387:(1970–1994)
4381:(1967–1991)
4379:T. Marshall
4375:(1965–1969)
4369:(1962–1965)
4363:(1962–1993)
4357:(1958–1981)
4351:(1957–1962)
4345:(1956–1990)
4339:(1955–1971)
4333:(1949–1956)
4327:(1949–1967)
4321:(1945–1958)
4315:(1943–1949)
4313:W. Rutledge
4309:(1941–1954)
4303:(1941–1942)
4297:(1940–1949)
4291:(1939–1975)
4285:(1939–1962)
4283:Frankfurter
4279:(1938–1957)
4273:(1937–1971)
4267:(1932–1938)
4261:(1930–1945)
4247:(1923–1930)
4241:(1923–1939)
4235:(1922–1938)
4229:(1916–1922)
4223:(1916–1939)
4217:(1914–1941)
4211:(1912–1922)
4205:(1911–1916)
4199:(1911–1937)
4185:(1910–1914)
4179:(1906–1910)
4173:(1903–1922)
4167:(1902–1932)
4161:(1898–1925)
4155:(1896–1909)
4141:(1893–1895)
4135:(1892–1903)
4129:(1891–1906)
4123:(1890–1910)
4117:(1888–1893)
4111:(1882–1893)
4105:(1882–1902)
4099:(1881–1889)
4093:(1881–1887)
4087:(1877–1911)
4081:(1873–1882)
4075:(1870–1892)
4069:(1870–1880)
4063:(1863–1897)
4057:(1862–1877)
4051:(1862–1890)
4045:(1862–1881)
4039:(1858–1881)
4033:(1853–1861)
4027:(1851–1857)
4021:(1846–1870)
4015:(1845–1851)
4009:(1845–1872)
4003:(1842–1860)
3997:(1838–1852)
3991:(1837–1865)
3985:(1836–1841)
3979:(1835–1867)
3973:(1830–1844)
3967:(1829–1861)
3961:(1826–1828)
3955:(1823–1843)
3949:(1812–1845)
3943:(1811–1835)
3937:(1807–1826)
3931:(1807–1823)
3925:(1804–1834)
3919:(1800–1804)
3913:(1798–1829)
3907:(1796–1811)
3901:(1793–1806)
3895:(1792–1793)
3889:(1790–1799)
3883:(1790–1795)
3877:(1789–1798)
3871:(1790–1810)
3862:J. Rutledge
3759:Earl Warren
3469:David Davis
3459:John Rodman
3348:October 29,
2956:(1): 1–21.
2767:Works cited
2755:October 24,
2645:December 9,
2506:Smithsonian
2310:, Yearbook"
1805:October 24,
1776:October 29,
1465:and at the
1457:Louisville/
1364:Puerto Rico
1327:Waite Court
1226:due process
1203:Puerto Rico
1191:Philippines
988:Waite Court
908:David Davis
810:third party
759:Confederate
507:(1883) and
251:(1868–1911)
246:(1861–1867)
236:(1858–1860)
231:(1854–1858)
157:John Rodman
141:Preceded by
94:David Davis
89:Preceded by
4529:Categories
4489:K. Jackson
4307:R. Jackson
4259:O. Roberts
4233:Sutherland
4215:McReynolds
4139:H. Jackson
4109:Blatchford
3929:Livingston
3923:W. Johnson
3911:Washington
3893:T. Johnson
3480:1877–1911
3453:1863–1867
3411:Republican
2573:August 30,
1587:References
1497:Law portal
1396:Old School
986:See also:
896:See also:
892:Nomination
822:Louisville
742:candidate
740:Republican
722:ticket of
670:See also:
616:mixed-race
367:Allegiance
249:Republican
234:Opposition
177:1833-06-01
4477:Kavanaugh
4459:Sotomayor
4398:Rehnquist
4349:Whittaker
3795:1986–2005
3779:1969–1986
3763:1953–1969
3747:1946–1953
3731:1941–1946
3715:1930–1941
3699:1921–1930
3683:1910–1921
3667:1888–1910
3651:1874–1888
3635:1864–1873
3619:1836–1864
3603:1801–1835
3587:1796–1800
3555:1789–1795
2233:(1): 77.
1641:March 19,
1592:Citations
1404:Calvinism
1148:, in his
1079:antitrust
978:in 1910.
944:diversity
920:Stalwarts
724:John Bell
388:1861–1863
350:Signature
331:Education
291:(brother)
281:Relations
121:In office
67:In office
4441:Ginsburg
4411:O'Connor
4385:Blackmun
4367:Goldberg
4361:B. White
4221:Brandeis
4203:J. Lamar
4146:E. White
4115:L. Lamar
4097:Matthews
4037:Clifford
4031:Campbell
4013:Woodbury
3995:McKinley
3953:Thompson
3905:S. Chase
3899:Paterson
3551:John Jay
3371:July 20,
3055:Books).
3034:Archived
2749:Archived
2701:July 20,
2695:Archived
2639:Archived
2600:Archived
2567:Archived
2510:Archived
2382:Archived
2343:See also
2263:649, 715
2239:40176768
1799:Archived
1770:Archived
1746:July 14,
1740:Archived
1698:April 4,
1692:Archived
1664:Archived
1483:See also
1451:SS
1376:alderman
1265:de facto
1213:colonial
1175:jus soli
1057:(1884).
702:Democrat
320:(father)
296:Children
244:Unionist
130:Governor
4483:Barrett
4471:Gorsuch
4423:Kennedy
4405:Stevens
4355:Stewart
4343:Brennan
4289:Douglas
4265:Cardozo
4245:Sanford
4159:McKenna
4153:Peckham
4073:Bradley
3983:Barbour
3971:Baldwin
3959:Trimble
3887:Iredell
3869:Cushing
3308:May 17,
3266:at the
2516:May 24,
1089:(ICC).
948:removal
914:by the
867:. When
771:colonel
752:Zouaves
730:in the
397:Colonel
311:Parents
275:
267:
4447:Breyer
4435:Thomas
4429:Souter
4417:Scalia
4391:Powell
4373:Fortas
4331:Minton
4319:Burton
4301:Byrnes
4295:Murphy
4239:Butler
4227:Clarke
4209:Pitney
4190:Hughes
4183:Lurton
4165:Holmes
4133:Shiras
4121:Brewer
4067:Strong
4049:Miller
4043:Swayne
4025:Curtis
4007:Nelson
4001:Daniel
3989:Catron
3965:McLean
3941:Duvall
3875:Wilson
3245:
3226:
3199:
3178:
3109:
3084:
3059:
3021:
3002:
2970:844579
2968:
2937:
2918:
2899:
2878:
2851:
2830:
2811:
2792:
2631:
2237:
2188:
1632:
1414:Legacy
1346:Family
1201:, and
1195:Hawaii
1150:Plessy
1127:Plessy
994:, and
912:Senate
533:; and
451:, and
256:Spouse
241:(1860)
203:, U.S.
186:, U.S.
4465:Kagan
4453:Alito
4325:Clark
4271:Black
4252:Stone
4177:Moody
4127:Brown
4091:Woods
4061:Field
4055:Davis
4019:Grier
3977:Wayne
3947:Story
3917:Moore
3881:Blair
3816:cases
3800:cases
3784:cases
3768:cases
3752:cases
3736:cases
3720:cases
3704:cases
3688:cases
3672:cases
3656:cases
3640:cases
3624:cases
3608:cases
3592:cases
3576:cases
3560:cases
3302:(PDF)
3287:(PDF)
2966:JSTOR
2385:(PDF)
2372:(PDF)
2258:
2235:JSTOR
1550:Notes
1477:Bible
1313:Death
964:Sixth
748:Union
474:Union
301:James
269:(
265:
4277:Reed
4103:Gray
4079:Hunt
3935:Todd
3571:1795
3420:1875
3373:2015
3350:2015
3310:2010
3243:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3197:ISBN
3176:ISBN
3142:2011
3107:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3057:ISBN
3019:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2935:ISBN
2916:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2876:ISBN
2849:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2809:ISBN
2790:ISBN
2757:2015
2703:2015
2673:2009
2647:2017
2629:ISBN
2608:2017
2575:2012
2518:2019
2393:2012
2322:2013
2260:U.S.
2221:and
2186:ISBN
2011:2022
1807:2015
1778:2015
1748:2016
1700:2015
1643:2024
1630:ISBN
1446:the
1303:and
1199:Guam
946:and
841:1871
726:and
692:for
653:and
582:Whig
403:Unit
393:Rank
303:and
224:Whig
191:Died
171:Born
4171:Day
3385:at
2958:doi
2329:at
2256:169
1254:".
1160:In
839:in
633:."
594:née
557:.
4531::
3813:,
3797:,
3781:,
3765:,
3749:,
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3717:,
3701:,
3685:,
3669:,
3653:,
3637:,
3621:,
3605:,
3589:,
3573:,
3557:,
3363:.
3352:.
3336:.
3295:33
3293:.
3289:.
3130:14
3128:.
3124:.
3105:.
3076:.
3051:,
3029:;
2998:.
2964:.
2954:19
2952:.
2874:.
2870::
2866:.
2788:.
2784::
2780:.
2735:^
2719:.
2693:.
2689:.
2637:.
2598:.
2592:.
2565:.
2561:.
2508:.
2504:.
2465:^
2439:85
2437:.
2431:.
2419:^
2374:.
2349:,
2279:^
2254:,
2231:39
2229:.
2019:^
1976:^
1917:^
1905:^
1786:^
1768:.
1764:.
1738:.
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1708:^
1690:.
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1193:,
990:,
939:.
875:.
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711:.
445:,
339:BA
271:m.
4497:*
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3809:(
3803:)
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3787:)
3777:(
3771:)
3761:(
3755:)
3745:(
3739:)
3729:(
3723:)
3713:(
3707:)
3697:(
3691:)
3681:(
3675:)
3665:(
3659:)
3649:(
3643:)
3633:(
3627:)
3617:(
3611:)
3601:(
3595:)
3585:(
3579:)
3569:(
3563:)
3553:(
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3510:t
3503:v
3389:.
3375:.
3329:.
3319:.
3312:.
3276:.
3251:.
3232:.
3205:.
3184:.
3161:.
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3115:.
3090:.
3065:.
3027:.
3008:.
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2960::
2943:.
2924:.
2905:.
2884:.
2857:.
2836:.
2817:.
2798:.
2759:.
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2675:.
2649:.
2610:.
2577:.
2520:.
2395:.
2357:.
2333:.
2324:.
2241:.
2194:.
2013:.
1809:.
1780:.
1750:.
1702:.
1645:.
1139:.
341:)
337:(
179:)
175:(
32:.
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
