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was still anxious to find a means of sparing the life of his old comrade, and ordered a reprieve of forty days in the hopes that
Oldcastle might repent his views. Before that time had expired, however, Oldcastle had escaped from the Tower with the help of one William Fisher, a Lollard parchment-maker
370:, London. The matter was brought before the King, who desired that nothing should be done until he had tried his personal influence. Oldcastle declared his readiness to submit to the king "all his fortune in this world" but was firm in his religious beliefs.
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Oldcastle who was "sore wounded ere he would be taken", was brought to London in a horse-litter. The reward for his capture was awarded to Baron
Cherleton, but he died before receiving it, though a portion was paid to his widow in 1422.
653:
an epilogue alleges that
Falstaff is not meant to be Oldcastle: "Falstaff shall die of a sweat, unless already a' be killed with your hard opinions; for Oldcastle died a martyr, and this is not the man." In 1599, another play,
294:— his third marriage, and her fourth. This resulted in a significant improvement of his fortune and status, as the Cobhams were "one of the most notable families of Kent". The marriage brought Oldcastle a number of manors in
566:, not far from the village of Oldcastle itself in his family's old heartlands. He is said to have been hiding with some Lollard friends at a glade on Pant-mawr farm in Broniarth, Wales, called Cobham's Garden.
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Oldcastle's date of birth is unknown, although dubious and possibly apocryphal sources place it variously at 1360 or 1378, although 1370 is most likely closer to the truth.
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and confession addressed to God, but he would not assent to the orthodox doctrine of the sacraments as stated by the
Bishops, nor admit the necessity for the
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excuse for a
Medieval knight still remains "my old lad of the Castle", the stage character has many differences from the Lollard rebel leader. In
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389:'s repeated citations, and it was only under a Royal Writ that he at last appeared before the ecclesiastical court on 23 September 1413.
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prevented any decisive action until convincing evidence was found in one of
Oldcastle's books, which was discovered in a shop in
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Oldcastle was a member of the expedition which the young Henry sent to France in 1411 in a successful campaign to assist the
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At some point in his military career, Oldcastle became a trusted supporter of Henry, Prince of Wales, later to become King
632:), due to the objections of one of Oldcastle's highly influential descendants, the Queen's official censor of stage plays
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and then led a rebellion against the King. Eventually, he was captured and executed in London. He formed the basis for
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On 14 December he was formally condemned, on the record of his previous conviction, and that same day was hanged in
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213:. His grandfather, also called John Oldcastle, was Herefordshire's MP during the latter part of the reign of King
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633:
562:. Some historians believed he was captured in the upland Olchon Valley of western Herefordshire adjacent to the
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618:, written before 1588, Oldcastle figures as the Prince's boon companion. When Shakespeare adapted that play in
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Oldcastle is first mentioned in two separate documents in 1400, first as a plaintiff in a suit regarding the
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on 10 January they were easily defeated by the king and the vastly superior numbers in his forces.
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inside the
Lollard movement, instead moved to London. When the Lollard army assembled in force in
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for unlicensed preaching. In the convocation which met in March 1413, shortly before the death of
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Memorials of London and London Life, a series of
Extracts from the City Archives, 1276–1419
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in July 1415, when the
Lollards pledged support and Oldcastle stirred some movement in the
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Over the next few years, Oldcastle held notable positions in the Welsh campaigns of King
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Oldcastle now put himself at the head of a widespread
Lollard conspiracy. Despite the
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686:, iii. 351–357. The chief contemporary notices of his later career are given in
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In November 1417 his hiding-place was at last discovered and he was captured by
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The proclamation offering a reward for the capture of Sir John Oldcastle
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1032:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
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created a traditional scandal which long continued. In the old play
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In a confession of his faith, Oldcastle declared his belief in the
321:, who regarded Sir John as "one of his most trustworthy soldiers".
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People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Oldcastle-Falstaff in der englischen Literatur bis zu Shakespeare
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was to be divided up among the Lollards and used to create a new
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The principal agents in the capture were four of the tenants of
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being administered by a priest. He also said, similarly to the
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John Oldcastle being burnt for insurrection and Lollard heresy
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The Real Falstaff, Sir John Fastolf and the Hundred Years War
702:. There have been many lives of Oldcastle, mainly based on
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leader. From 1409 to 1413, he was summoned to parliament as
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508:. King Henry, forewarned of Oldcastle's intentions by two
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A rough translation of much of the Latin trial record
1985:
People executed by the Kingdom of England by burning
855:
660:, presented Oldcastle in a far less negative light.
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would be forcibly dissolved and the property of the
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The Parliamentary History of the County of Hereford
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Illustration of the burning of John Oldcastle, 1870
492:. Oldcastle would to be declared Regent, the king,
465:preached by Wycliffe, the conspiracy were plotting
608:His heretical opinions and early friendship with
428:". On 25 September, Oldcastle was convicted as a
205:His parents were Richard and Isabel Oldcastle of
1916:
729:. For literary history see the Introductions to
275:" in the parliament of 1404, later serving as a
721:For notes on Oldcastle's early career, consult
668:The record of Oldcastle's trial is printed in
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523:, and for nearly four years avoided capture.
229:of Almeley church, and again as serving as a
946:The New Companion to the Literature of Wales
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194:, who was originally called John Oldcastle.
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949:. University of Wales Press. p. 256.
554:Illustration of Oldcastle's hanging (1895)
424:as an aid to prayer is, "the great sin of
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526:He is believed to have been privy to the
519:Oldcastle escaped into deepest northwest
496:and clergy would then be imprisoned. The
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
970:Calendar of Close Rolls, 1419–22, p. 196
792:
549:
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34:This article includes a list of general
2010:English politicians convicted of crimes
1064:, London: Sidgwick & Jacskon, 1987.
786:
469:using violence and, if necessary, even
1980:People executed under the Lancastrians
1975:Battles and military actions in London
1917:
1825:Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor
1122:. Vol. XVII (9th ed.). 1884.
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182:. When convicted, he escaped from the
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1262:The Life and Death of King Richard II
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571:Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton
560:Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton
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20:
355:, Oldcastle was at once accused of
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1935:Executed people from Herefordshire
178:, he long escaped prosecution for
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
16:English Lollard leader (died 1417)
14:
2036:
1965:Escapees from the Tower of London
1093:
987:. Cranston and Stowe. p. 14.
922:. A&C Black. pp. 25–27.
797:. E. Davies and Bell. p. 25.
727:History of England under Henry IV
450:
252:, including captaincy first over
2005:Prisoners in the Tower of London
1799:
1002:
639:Although Shakespeare's drunken,
362:But his friendship with the new
25:
1610:The Famous Victories of Henry V
974:
963:
918:Aston, Margaret (1 July 1984).
710:, who in his turn followed the
663:
634:Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham
615:The Famous Victories of Henry V
156:(died 14 December 1417) was an
1955:High sheriffs of Herefordshire
1135:New International Encyclopedia
902:
573:, two of them being Ieuan and
1:
1995:English justices of the peace
1074:The English Historical Review
1016:Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge
995:
592:for heresy or whether be was
577:, sons of Gruffudd ap Ieuan.
488:, and establish some sort of
330:Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War
281:High Sheriff of Herefordshire
220:
594:hanged, drawn, and quartered
237:in a military expedition to
7:
1940:14th-century English people
1113:"Oldcastle, Sir John"
1105:, UK: The National Archives
718:, first published in 1544.
335:
10:
2041:
1960:People executed for heresy
1860:The Merry Wives of Windsor
1833:The Merry Wives of Windsor
1817:The Merry Wives of Windsor
1749:The Merry Wives of Windsor
1645:The Merry Wives of Windsor
793:Williams, William (1896).
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1945:English MPs October 1404
1086:10.1093/ehr/xx.lxxix.434
1037:Cooper, Stephen (2010),
764:
416:and in contradiction of
1970:Executed English people
1329:Henry the Fouth, Part I
1270:King Richard the Second
1129:"Oldcastle, John"
1119:Encyclopædia Britannica
1029:Encyclopædia Britannica
704:The Actes and Monuments
402:Sacrament of Confession
343:had many supporters in
55:more precise citations.
1603:Holinshed's Chronicles
981:E H. Thompson (1890).
943:Meic Stephens (1998).
920:Lollards and Reformers
747:Poems of Richard James
564:Black Mountains, Wales
555:
547:
267:Oldcastle represented
553:
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396:and the necessity of
1070:"Sir John Oldcastle"
761:, 1. Berlin, 1905).
723:James Hamilton Wylie
688:Gesta Henrici Quinti
671:Fasciculi Zizaniorum
628:(modelled after Sir
434:execution by burning
286:In 1408, he married
277:justice of the peace
1903:You Banbury cheese!
1744:William Shakespeare
1622:Thomas of Woodstock
1180:William Shakespeare
1048:Riley, Henry Thomas
1020:Oldcastle, Sir John
825:, pp. 437–438.
604:Literary portrayals
575:Sir Gruffudd Vychan
418:St John of Damascus
273:knight of the shire
246:Henry IV of England
235:Lord Grey of Codnor
188:William Shakespeare
1700:Suite from Henry V
1692:At the Boar's Head
1665:Falstaff's Wedding
1657:Sir John Oldcastle
1447:Chimes at Midnight
1380:Chimes at Midnight
1321:Chimes at Midnight
1278:Richard the Second
1068:Waugh, WT (1905),
1062:Henry V as Warlord
908:Seward, pp. 42–45.
749:(1880). See also
745:'s edition of the
700:Historia Anglicana
657:Sir John Oldcastle
556:
548:
463:Christian pacifism
420:, that the use of
174:Being a friend of
154:Sir John Oldcastle
1912:
1911:
1710:
1709:
1495:
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1041:, Pen & Sword
956:978-0-7083-1383-1
929:978-0-8264-3183-7
735:Iter Lancastrense
586:St Giles's Fields
538:Capture and death
514:St Giles's Fields
432:and sentenced to
290:, the heiress of
169:right of his wife
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1990:English escapees
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1471:The Hollow Crown
1402:Henry IV, Part 2
1396:The Hollow Crown
1363:Henry IV, Part 2
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1286:The Hollow Crown
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1559:Owain Glyndŵr
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1011:public domain
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782:
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770:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:Richard James
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:David Wilkins
677:
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532:Welsh Marches
529:
524:
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521:Herefordshire
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
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487:
483:
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476:
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468:
467:regime change
464:
458:
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419:
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345:Herefordshire
342:
333:
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310:, as well as
309:
305:
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297:
293:
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251:
250:Owain Glyndŵr
247:
242:
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236:
232:
228:
218:
216:
212:
211:Herefordshire
208:
203:
195:
193:
192:John Falstaff
190:'s character
189:
185:
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177:
172:
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112:Herefordshire
107:
103:
96:
91:
84:
75:
72:
64:
61:December 2022
54:
50:
44:
43:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
1925:1370s births
1882:
1874:
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1858:
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1823:
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1791:Corporal Nym
1747:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1663:
1655:
1649:
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1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1576:Nell Quickly
1522:Corporal Nym
1483:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1408:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1183:
1133:
1117:
1101:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1052:
1038:
1027:
983:
976:
965:
945:
938:
919:
913:
904:
892:
830:
818:
794:
788:
758:
754:
746:
734:
726:
720:
711:
703:
699:
691:
687:
683:
676:Rolls series
669:
667:
664:Bibliography
655:
648:
638:
630:John Fastolf
619:
613:
607:
598:high treason
583:
579:
568:
557:
525:
518:
506:ruling class
490:Commonwealth
460:
440:King Henry V
438:
391:
372:
364:King Henry V
361:
339:
323:
316:
285:
283:in 1406–07.
266:
243:
224:
204:
201:
173:
165:Baron Cobham
164:
153:
152:
67:
58:
39:
18:
1930:1417 deaths
590:burnt alive
477:during the
475:palace coup
410:Iconoclasts
377:to his own
326:Burgundians
142:Nationality
53:introducing
1919:Categories
1836:(1982; TV)
1758:Characters
1581:Richard II
1552:Prince Hal
1517:Charles VI
1500:Characters
1458:(1979; TV)
1442:(1960; TV)
1391:(1979; TV)
1375:(1960; TV)
1346:(2012; TV)
1332:(1979; TV)
1316:(1960; TV)
1295:(2012; TV)
1292:Richard II
1273:(1979; TV)
1265:(1960; TV)
1257:(1960; TV)
1249:(1954; TV)
1237:Richard II
1198:Richard II
996:References
897:Riley 1868
850:Waugh 1905
835:Waugh 1905
823:Waugh 1905
811:Waugh 1905
781:Waugh 1905
696:Walsingham
645:hedonistic
445:Smithfield
406:Absolution
394:sacraments
387:archbishop
279:, and was
221:Early life
215:Richard II
36:references
1229:On screen
1018:(1911). "
759:Palaestra
751:W. Barske
716:John Bale
708:John Foxe
694:) and in
678:) and in
471:civil war
349:interdict
308:Wiltshire
167:, in the
136:, England
1868:Falstaff
1852:Falstaff
1781:Bardolph
1766:Falstaff
1684:Falstaff
1542:Henry IV
1537:Fluellen
1532:Falstaff
1512:Bardolph
1485:The King
1410:The King
1351:The King
1050:(1868),
684:Concilia
626:Falstaff
426:idolatry
353:Henry IV
341:Lollardy
336:Lollardy
262:Kidwelly
248:against
239:Scotland
227:advowson
1895:Related
1595:Sources
1547:Henry V
1477:Henry V
1463:Henry V
1431:Henry V
1422:Henry V
1219:Henry V
1185:Henriad
1138:. 1905.
1026:(ed.).
1013::
743:Grosart
610:Henry V
600:first.
482:mumming
430:heretic
412:of the
398:penance
383:Cooling
328:in the
319:Henry V
300:Norfolk
207:Almeley
176:Henry V
161:Lollard
158:English
146:English
116:England
108:c. 1370
49:improve
1887:(2004)
1879:(1929)
1871:(1893)
1863:(1849)
1855:(1799)
1828:(1953)
1820:(1950)
1703:(1963)
1695:(1925)
1687:(1913)
1668:(1760)
1660:(1599)
1488:(2019)
1480:(2012)
1466:(1989)
1450:(1966)
1434:(1944)
1413:(2019)
1405:(2012)
1383:(1966)
1354:(2019)
1324:(1966)
1281:(2001)
1022:". In
1007:
953:
926:
643:, and
486:Eltham
379:castle
357:heresy
292:Cobham
271:as a "
233:under
231:knight
198:Family
180:heresy
134:London
38:, but
1652:1597)
1629:1593)
1617:1585)
1571:Poins
765:Notes
510:moles
443:from
951:ISBN
924:ISBN
596:for
404:and
306:and
296:Kent
288:Joan
123:Died
105:Born
1746:'s
1182:'s
1082:doi
733:'s
714:of
706:of
698:'s
682:'s
484:at
381:at
256:in
1921::
1650:c.
1627:c.
1615:c.
1474::
1399::
1340::
1289::
1132:.
1116:.
1078:20
1076:,
1072:,
857:^
842:^
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773:^
753:,
725:,
636:.
447:.
436:.
359:.
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302:,
298:,
264:.
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757:(
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45:.
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