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Pollnac, R.B. 1998 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of
Discovery Bay. p. 141–199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM
661:
Zaneveld, J.S. 1983 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the
Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean) E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden,
735:
Randall, John E. David K. Caldwell. A Review of the Sparid Fish Genus
Calamus, with Descriptions of Four New Species. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Science: No. 2. 5 May 1966. Pg.
487:
in that it has more pectoral rays. Jolthead porgies have a blue line under each eye, and their mouths are rimmed in orange. The fish's overall color is a brassy silver with occasional blue/green
805:
Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara R. 1978 Sparidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western
Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). FAO, Rome. Vol. 5. pag.var.
778:
Smith, C.L. 1997 National
Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.
522:, and commonly swim in clear, shallow water up to 150 feet, (though there have been reports of them as deep as 180 and 200 m) where they are normally solitary, but sometimes appear in
494:
The largest recorded
Jolthead porgy was 76 cm, while they commonly grow up to 54 cm. Though they normally grow to around 8 lb, The heaviest weighed 23.36 lb.
847:
Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Harper
Collins Publishers, 400 p.
1031:
1070:
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Breeder, Charles M. Field Book of Marine Fishes of the
Atlantic Coast, From Labrador to Texas. New York. Charles Putnam's Sons. Pg. 183.
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375:. It was so named because the Calamus of myth allowed himself to drown in a river, after the death of his lover, and transform into
1005:
766:
Bohlke, James E. Charles C. G. Chaplin. Fishes of the
Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. 2nd edition. Austin, UP of Texas. 386.
481:. It differs from similar poriges it that most members of the genus has 45–49 scales on their lateral lines. It also differs from
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Systema ichthyologiae iconibus CX illustratum. Marcus
Elieser Bloch, Johann Gottlob Schneider, Johann Friedrich Hennig.1801
395:, which mean "low swimming". Its common name is thought to come from its feeding behavior- that Jolthead porgies feed by
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Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p.
1185:
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Jordan, David. Barton Evermann. American Food and Game Fishes. New York. Doubleday, Page & Company. 1923. pg. 440
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Ackerman, Bill. Handbook of Fishes of the Atlantic Seaborad. The American Publishing Company. Washington D. C. pp. 58
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International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA.
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340:. Though Bloch died in 1799, Schneider edited and republished several of Bloch's papers in a book called
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Randall, John E. Caribbean Reef Fishes. 1968, Jersey City, New Jersey, T.H.F. Publications. 145
453:, it was the name originally given by Bloch and Schneider, but is no longer the accepted name.
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Isidore Singer and Benuel H. Brumberg, "JewishEncyclopedia.com – BLOCH, MARCUS ELIEZER:,",
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Considered to be an excellent food fish, Jolt head porgies can easily be caught with a
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IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
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There is some debate over the Jolthead porgy's diet. Some sources consider it
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Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; MacDonald, T. & Vega-Cendejas, M. (2014).
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Known only from the western Atlantic Ocean, Jolthead porgies are found from
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and are of minor commercial importance, though there have been reports of
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491:, making it one of the dullest-colored member of its genus.
527:
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that some members of the genus make their homes in. The
787:
Jordan, David Starr. Fishes. New York. 1905. pg. 560.
473:, though they can sometimes vary from 14 to 16. The
510:south to Brazil. They are abundant in the northern
332:Credit for describing the Jolthead porgy goes to
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445:were reviewed in 1966 and found to be synonyms.
344:in 1801. It was originally placed in the genus
641:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170190A1289896.en
461:The Jolthead porgy usually has 12 rays on the
304:, it is one of the species known by the name,
342:Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum
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405:The Jolthead porgy has five known
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1161:Fish of the Eastern United States
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546:, a common Caribbean sea urchin.
354:, but has since been moved into
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387:, comes from the Spanish words
1181:Fish of the Dominican Republic
588:. They are considered to be a
584:on the bottom and by means of
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212:(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
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694:(accessed 27 November 2007).
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409:, placing it in the genera
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217:Pagrus quadrituberculatus
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70:Scientific classification
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23:
1186:Marine fish of Nicaragua
895:. December 2009 version.
881:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
576:Relationship with humans
498:Distribution and habitat
338:Johann Gottlob Schneider
328:Johann Gottlob Schneider
477:can have from 50 to 57
1191:Fish described in 1801
600:associated with them.
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334:Marcus Elieser Bloch
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594:ciguatera poisoning
312:Taxonomy and naming
40:Conservation status
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1019:iNaturalist
570:crustaceans
556:sea urchins
516:West Indies
489:iridescence
457:Description
352:one species
306:porgi grunt
127:Spariformes
1145:Categories
908:Photos of
705:Dionysiaca
604:References
586:fish traps
552:omnivorous
463:dorsal fin
647:2 January
590:game fish
435:holotypes
246:Guichenot
191:Schneider
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1037:10155197
993:FishBase
945:Q2687521
939:Wikidata
892:FishBase
703:Nonnos,
598:red tide
566:mollusks
520:seagrass
514:and the
467:anal fin
418:Pagellus
407:synonyms
400:mollusks
385:bojonado
297:bojanado
284:Sparidae
236:, 1860)
200:Synonyms
137:Sparidae
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1115:3634728
1076:1469962
1011:5211005
596:due to
561:Diadema
524:schools
508:Bermuda
430:Calamus
397:jolting
381:species
373:Kalamos
369:Calamus
357:Calamus
302:Jamaica
288:Bermuda
277:species
248:, 1868)
224:, 1842)
222:Ranzani
193:, 1801)
148:Calamus
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
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1024:129563
972:560520
479:scales
441:, and
433:. The
427:, and
424:Sparus
412:Pagrus
383:name,
360:. The
347:Sparus
281:family
189:&
1123:WoRMS
1032:IRMNG
672:1445.
662:163p.
532:spawn
528:reefs
526:near
449:is a
371:, or
362:Genus
300:, in
286:. In
187:Bloch
1097:OBIS
1071:NCBI
1058:IUCN
1045:ITIS
1006:GBIF
998:1221
985:PDWB
967:BOLD
649:2024
632:2014
568:and
506:and
393:nado
391:and
389:bojo
336:and
265:The
234:Poey
980:CoL
954:ADW
636:doi
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437:of
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