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347:, was under suspicion of plotting treason against England. On December 6, 1767, Rogers was arrested, charged with treason, placed in irons, and put in solitary confinement. While he had a cold, miserable winter in an unheated guardhouse, Carver probably used this time to prepare his journal of the expedition for publication. In the spring of 1768, Carver and Rogers took the first available ship to Detroit. Carver travelled in the relative comfort of a passenger cabin, while Rogers was forced to travel sitting on the ballast rocks in the hold of the ship. Rogers was taken to Montreal to be court-martialed. Although he was acquitted of the charges, he did not return to his position as Royal Governor. Carver submitted a list of expenses to his superiors, but payment was denied on the grounds that Rogers had not had sufficient authority to order such an expedition.
525:. London, 1779 – Written during the American War of Independence (1775–1783) or, as Carver put it, "the present unhappy dissentions", when trade was disrupted. This treatise described the methods required to grow tobacco in Britain. Carver argues for repealing two acts of parliament from the reign of Charles II, which prohibited the cultivation of tobacco in England. Carver felt that the landowner would profit, revenue could be restored to the treasury by means of a duty on the plants, and smokers would be more than satisfied with the "powerful aromatic" tobacco produced in a northern climate.
385:, was an immediate success when first published in 1778. A second edition was published in Dublin followed the next year; over thirty editions and versions have been published since in several languages. The publication of this book was a significant event in the history of the exploration of the American West: Carver was the first English-speaking explorer to venture west of the upper Mississippi River. He anticipated the idea of a
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186:. During the war he studied surveying and mapping techniques. Carver was successful in the military and eventually became captain of a Massachusetts regiment in 1761. Two years later he quit the army with a determination to explore the new territories acquired by the British as a result of the war, as France had ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain.
340:. The men headed for Grand Portage on Lake Superior, hoping that Rogers had sent supplies there for them. But instead they found a letter from him, chiding them for their expenditures and warning them to be more thrifty in the future. Unable to proceed without the badly needed supplies, they headed back to Fort Michilimackinac, arriving there on August 29, 1767.
486:, had told Carver's heirs that no chiefs ever existed by the names on the deed. Congress concluded, on Jan. 29, 1823, that it would not grant Carver's heirs the rights to this land in Wisconsin. Land speculators and con-men continued to promote the sale of portions of "Carver's Grant" for another half century.
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purchased the copyrights to the book. He published a third edition in 1781, "for the relief of the widow and children", Carver's family. Lettsom claimed he had in his possession a deed, signed by two chiefs of the Sioux, giving Carver title to about 10,000 square miles (30,000 km) in what is now
425:, E. G. Bourne summarized his view of Carver's book: "Scholars are in general agreement that much of the work in this volume is an abridgement or adaptation of historical writings by Charlevoix, Adair, and La Hontan. Entire chapters read as near verbatim text from one or more of these other authors."
354:
He left his wife
Abigail in the colonies and never saw her again. He spent the remainder of his life petitioning the English government for his payments. He ultimately received two separate grants from the Crown to cover his expenses, although not the great reward for identifying a Northwest Passage.
460:
In 1804, a group of descendants of Carver petitioned the U.S. Congress for ownership rights to a large tract of land in
Wisconsin and Minnesota, claiming that the deed, supposedly dated at the "Great Cave, May the 1st, 1767" entitled Carver and his family to over 10,000 square miles (30,000 km)
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Carver was outraged. He believed that he had been legitimately hired by the Crown to map and explore the newly acquired territory. He believed that he had possibly identified a
Northwest Passage. He had spent two years working and was left with little to show for it but debt, maps and log books. No
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language, and typed transcripts of these documents; copies of surveys and deeds to the Carver land grant of 1767, which encompassed some four million acres in present-day western
Wisconsin; copies of letters about the French and Indian War (1759) and James Tute's gifts to the Indians (1768); copies
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In 1766 and 1767 Carver explored parts of present-day
Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, mainly along the upper Mississippi River. When he returned east, however, his efforts were not recognized. He sailed to England in 1769, seeking recompense, and remained there for the rest of his life. In 1778 he
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Modern scholars who have reviewed all the evidence cannot confirm the existence of any such grant to Carver, who never mentioned it in surviving records. They have, however, documented a great deal of deceit, manipulation, and self-delusion by his heirs and their agents as they attempted to sell
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the whole of a certain tract or territory of land, bounded as follows, viz.: from the Falls of St. Anthony, running on the east bank of the
Mississippi, nearly southeast, as far as Lake Pepin, where the Chippewa joins the Mississippi, and from thence eastward, five days travel, accounting twenty
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In the 20th century, the reliability of Carver's narrative has been debated by scholars; examination of Carver's manuscript journal establishes that it differs in important respects from the published version. More recent research suggests that, while Carver carried out the tour he describes, he
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Congress investigated their claim and ultimately concluded that
English law at the time prohibited any land grants to individuals. They also concluded that Carver never made any mention of such a grant in his book or afterwards, and finally, no Sioux in the region had any knowledge of such a
193:, what was believed to be a western water route to the Pacific Ocean. There was a great incentive to discover this route. The king and Parliament had promised a vast prize in gold for any such discovery. The eastern route to the Pacific was around the
156:, when Carver was still a young child. The details of his education are unknown but he was literate, taught himself surveying and cartography, and may have studied medicine at one time. He also apprenticed as a cobbler.
309:. He spent some time with the tribe near the falls but turned south, down the Mississippi, to find a more suitable place to spend the winter. During this portion of the trip he came upon a site sacred to the
267:, has developed. Continuing up the Fox River he eventually arrived at the "Grand Portage", a well-used portage between the Fox and the Wisconsin rivers. This was a major fur trading site. From here (now
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of two petitions to the
British government (1769–1770) asking that Carver be reimbursed for his expedition to the Mississippi; and a copy of a recommendation by the British government on this request.
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Carver penetrated farther into the West than any other
English explorer before the American Revolution. He stimulated curiosity concerning routes to the Pacific, with questions later satisfied by
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In other words, this triangular tract in northwestern
Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota would have been bounded by lines running from modern Minneapolis southeast to Pepin, then due east to near
152:, on April 13, 1710, the son of David and Hannah (Dyer) Carver. His father was modestly wealthy and was elected to various public positions in Weymouth and Canterbury. The family moved to
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A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco plant; with the manner in which it is usually cured adapted to northern climates and designed for the use of the landholders of Great Britain
393:) that blocks the westward passage and serves as a continental divide. The name 'Oregon' appears in print in his book for the first time, both in the text, and on one of the maps.
328:. The next spring he encountered James Tute and James Stanley Goddard, who had been sent to accompany Carver on his journey. They continued exploring and mapping along the upper
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one seemed interested. In 1769 Carver left for England to petition the government for his promised payment and to claim the reward for identifying a potential Northwest Passage.
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https://static1.squarespace.com/static/64246a1951853227e9ab9a0a/t/651dc3dd38469f6bd89e275b/1696449504747/Wakan+Tipi+Center+VIEP+Final+Plan+2022-03-08_reduced.pdf
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224:, in the spring of 1766. Taking large fur-trading canoes, he traveled the well-used trade routes of the French. His route took him along the northern coast of
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Initially Carver was unable to find a sponsor for his proposed explorations but in 1766, Robert Rogers contracted Carver to lead an expedition to find the
575:. They include photostatic copies of a journal of Carver's expedition to the Mississippi River (1766–1767), a Survey journal, and a Dictionary of the
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chiefs for a large area of eastern Wisconsin during his expedition. The grant was legally invalid and may have been a fraud mounted posthumously.
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Other papers relating to Jonathan Carver and the Carver land grant are also available. MHS Library Catalog: Jonathan Carver and related papers]
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On October 20, 1746, he married Abigail Robins and they eventually had five children together. Around 1748, Carver moved his young family to
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515:. Edited by John Parker. Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1976. This was the original account of Carver's expedition, from which
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Ahrens, M. O. (2017). "The Impact of Captain Jonathan Carver's Maps and Journal on the 1782–1783 British-American Peace Agreement".
404:. The book became immensely popular but the profits did not come soon enough for Carver. He died in poverty on January 31, 1780, in
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271:), furs could be shipped from the Great Lakes to the Wisconsin River, and then south along the Mississippi to the major port of
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Carver crossed to the Wisconsin River and then traveled down the Mississippi, emerging at the great trade encampment at
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English miles per day, and from thence again to the Falls of St. Anthony, on a direct straight line.
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book, published in 1778. He set up a household with a woman and started a second family in London.
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Wisconsin and Minnesota. The deed could not be located after the death of Carver's London widow.
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at the foot of Africa. That route was both lengthy and contested by competing European powers.
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297:. Rather than turn south toward New Orleans, his expedition turned north into what is now
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Following his death, some of his heirs claimed that he had obtained a land grant from two
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was distilled. It seems to be much more reliable than the book that was derived from it.
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transaction having been made by their grandparents' generation. In 1817, Sioux elders in
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255:. Carver resupplied here and continued his journey. He traveled up the Fox River to the
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mansion, an estate on the coast of West Bay Lake in Wisconsin, was haunted by Carver.
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Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, In the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768
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Travels through the Interior Parts of North America, in the Years 1766, 1767 and 1768
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Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768
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Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768
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Occurrences in the vicinity of St. Paul, Minn., before its incorporation as a city
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389:. He was the first to mention a large mountain range to the west (presumably the
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published a book on his travels, which became very successful. He died in 1780.
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Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 31. American Colonial Writers, 1735-1781
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were named in honor of Carver for his exploration and mapping of the region.
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In 1755 Carver joined the Massachusetts colonial militia at the start of the
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957:(e-book version of the 3rd edition 1781 ed.). online: Project Gutenberg
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suppressed the fact that he performed it as a hired agent of Royal Governor
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colonial unit, explorer, and writer. After his exploration of the northern
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141:(1778), that was widely read and raised interest in the territory.
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Carver, Jonathan (August 21, 2015). Coakley Lettsom, John (ed.).
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The Journals of Jonathan Carver and Related Documents, 1766-1770
163:, at the time a small frontier settlement, where he served as a
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Jonathan Carver's papers are available for research use at the
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He spent the winter in a tribal village in what is now eastern
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325:
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Bickham, Troy O. (2004). "Carver, Jonathan (1710-1780)".
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Travels through America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768
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Travels through America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768
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portions of the land in the decades following his death.
642:"The Dakota People | Minnesota Historical Society"
377:, copperplate from Jonathan Carver's book, 1781 edition
125:(April 13, 1710 – January 31, 1780) was a captain in a
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The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
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While working at this lobbying endeavor, he wrote his
668:, Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley
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538:"Wolfgang Von Bober"), authored a 1979 book called
744:Scott, Beth; Norman, Michael (October 21, 1985).
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182:. Burke's Rangers would in 1758 become a part of
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489:According to the Wisconsin Historical Society:
343:Carver learned that his sponsor, Royal Governor
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137:, he published an account of his expedition,
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474:, and from there northwest roughly through
774:The Carver Effect: A Paranormal Experience
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540:The Carver Effect: A Paranormal Experience
251:, as well as a French monastery nearby in
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563:of Carver upset residents of Summerwind.
416:, rather than on his own responsibility.
301:. By the late summer he had reached the
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461:of land. Specifically they identified
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847:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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717:. London. pp. 263–264 – via
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259:(Ho-Chunk) village at the north end of
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16:North American militiaman and explorer
858:. Harper & Row. pp. 42–48.
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1068:People from Canterbury, Connecticut
1063:People from Weymouth, Massachusetts
1048:American explorers of North America
976:. Carver County Historical Society.
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1043:People from colonial Massachusetts
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750:Excerpts from "Haunted Heartland"
630:, D. Mason & Co., pp. 5–
534:Raymond Bober (writing under the
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419:In a 1906 essay published in the
243:Carver recorded visiting a small
1053:People from colonial Connecticut
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1033:18th-century American explorers
999:Encyclopedia of World Biography
989:. Minnesota Historical Society.
174:. In 1757, Carver, a friend of
1058:Explorers of the United States
983:"Carver, Jonathan (1710–1780)"
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705:"Letter from Dr Lettsom"
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666:Jonathan Carver, exhibit essay
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624:Edward Duffield Neill (1890),
440:; and Jonathan Association in
116:David and Hannah (Dyer) Carver
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1038:18th-century American writers
856:Discovering America 1700-1875
830:10.1080/03085694.2017.1312116
771:Von Bober, Wolffgang (1979).
746:"Ghosts had a favorite haunt"
731:Wisconsin Historical Society
684:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
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530:Representation in other media
150:Province of Massachusetts Bay
56:Province of Massachusetts Bay
573:Minnesota Historical Society
263:, where the present city of
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930:(public domain audiobooks)
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974:"Who Was Jonathan Carver?"
849:. Oxford University Press.
507:, first published in 1778.
422:American Historical Review
402:Lewis and Clark Expedition
247:settlement at the foot of
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249:Green Bay (Lake Michigan)
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939:Works by Jonathan Carver
924:Works by Jonathan Carver
915:Works by Jonathan Carver
873:Williams, D. E. (1984).
712:The Gentleman's Magazine
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438:Carver County, Minnesota
678:Gannett, Henry (1905).
372:A Man and Woman of the
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222:Mackinaw City, Michigan
212:Travels and exploration
161:Montague, Massachusetts
154:Canterbury, Connecticut
854:Savage, Henry (1959).
801:Jonathan Carver papers
549:A 2005 episode of the
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452:After Carver's death,
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910:at Wikimedia Commons
700:Lettsom, John Coakley
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319:Saint Paul, Minnesota
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172:French and Indian War
542:in which he claimed
454:John Coakley Lettsom
332:through what is now
253:Des Peres, Wisconsin
238:Green Bay, Wisconsin
228:, cut across to the
218:Fort Michilimackinac
777:. Stackpole Books.
752:. Milwaukee Journal
484:St. Paul, Minnesota
414:Major Robert Rogers
398:Alexander Mackenzie
303:Saint Anthony Falls
286:from Carver's book
284:Saint Anthony Falls
275:on the Gulf Coast.
144:Carver was born in
133:valley and western
387:continental divide
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269:Portage, Wisconsin
135:Great Lakes region
995:"Jonathan Carver"
919:Project Gutenberg
906:Media related to
888:978-0-8103-1709-3
875:"Jonathan Carver"
559:claimed that the
551:Discovery Channel
442:Chaska, Minnesota
434:Carver, Minnesota
429:Legacy and honors
330:Mississippi River
265:Neenah, Wisconsin
195:Cape of Good Hope
191:Northwest Passage
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961:19 December
818:Imago Mundi
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374:Ottigaumies
307:Minneapolis
273:New Orleans
234:Door County
131:Mississippi
1017:Categories
1005:2006-11-09
756:24 October
719:Wikisource
587:References
556:A Haunting
544:Summerwind
476:Eau Claire
315:Waḳaŋ Ṭípi
44:1710-04-13
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338:Wisconsin
334:Minnesota
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113:Parent(s)
79:Education
987:MNopedia
955:(e-book)
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536:pen name
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553:series
517:Travels
336:, and
82:unknown
73:England
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567:Papers
406:London
97:Spouse
834:S2CID
561:ghost
499:Works
245:Métis
206:Sioux
87:Works
963:2015
883:ISBN
860:ISBN
779:ISBN
758:2014
363:Book
326:Iowa
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