576:. I am proposing the establishment of a third.” Winters, in speaking of Very's relations with Emerson and his circle, concluded “The attitude of the Transcendentalists toward Very is instructive and amusing, and it proves beyond cavil how remote he was from them. In respect to the doctrine of the submission of the will, he agreed with them in principle; but whereas they recommended the surrender, he practised it, and they regarded him with amazement.” Subsequently, William Irving Bartlett, in 1942, outlined the basic biographical facts of Very's life in
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Transcendentalists, and a subject of speculation by us. He professed to be taught by the Spirit and to write under its inspiration. When his papers were submitted to
Emerson for criticism the spelling was found faulty and on Emerson's pointing out the defect, he was told that this was by dictation of the Spirit also. Whether Emerson's witty reply "that the Spirit should be a better speller" qualified the mystic's vision does not appear otherwise than that the printed volume shows no traces of illiteracy in the text.
440:, the journal of the Transcendentalists. He was disappointed, however, that Emerson, serving as editor of the journal, altered his poems. Very wrote to Emerson in July 1842 "Perhaps they were all improvements but I preferred my own lines. I do not know but I ought to submit to such changes as done by the rightful authority of an Editor but I felt a little sad at the aspect of the piece." He never was read widely and was largely forgotten by the end of the 19th century, but in the 1830s and 1840s the
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composed verse while in this state. Emerson did not believe Very's claim, and noting the poor writing, he asked "cannot the spirit parse & spell?" Very said he was also tormented by strong sexual desires which he believed were held in check only by the will of God. To help control himself, he avoided speaking with or even looking at women—he called it his "sacrifice of Beauty".
318:. Very later explained: "I felt within me a new will...it was not a feeling of my own but a sensible will that was not my own...These two consciousnesses, as I may call them, continued with me". In August 1837, while traveling by train, he was overcome with terror at its speed until he realized he was being "borne along by a divine engine and undertaking his life-journey". He told
531:; it said Very's poems had "an elasticity of spirit, a genuine flow of thought, and unsought nobleness and purity", but she admitted she preferred the prose in the collection over the poetry. She mocked the "sing song" style of the poems and questioned his religious mission. She concluded: "I am...greatly interested in Mr Very. He seems worthy to be well known."
382:, arguing that the play is about "the great reality of a soul unsatisfied in its longings after immortality" and that "Hamlet has been called mad, but as we think, Shakespeare thought more of his madness than he did of the wisdom of the rest of the play". During his stay at the hospital, Very lectured his fellow patients on Shakespeare and on poetry in general.
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was very fine. His talents are of a high order...Is he insane? If so, there yet linger glimpses of wisdom in his memory. He is insane with God — diswitted in the contemplation of the holiness of
Divinity. He distrusts intellect...Living, not thinking, he regards as the worship meet for the soul. This is mysticism in its highest form.
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Very often came to see me. His shadowy aspect at times gave him a ghostly air. While walking by his side, I remember, he seemed spectral, — and somehow using my feet instead of his own, keeping as near me as he could, and jostling me frequently. His voice had a certain hollowness, as if echoing mine.
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I knew a man who under a certain religious frenzy cast off this drapery, and spoke to the conscience of every person he encountered, and that with great insight and beauty. At first, all men agreed he was mad. But persisting, he attained to the advantage of bringing every man of his acquaintance into
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He was released on
October 17, 1838, but he refused to renounce his beliefs. His fellow patients reportedly thanked him as he left. McLean's superintendent Luther Bell took credit for saving him "from the delusion of being a prophet extraordinaire", which Luther thought was caused by Very's digestive
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I received a letter on Monday of this week from Jones Very of Salem, formerly Tutor in Greek at
Harvard College — which institution he left, a few weeks since, being deemed insane by the Faculty. A few weeks ago he visited me...He is a remarkable man. His influence at Cambridge on the best young men
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One of Very's students, a fellow native of Salem named Samuel
Johnson Jr., said that people ridiculed Very behind his back since he had "gained the fame of being cracked (or crazy, if you are not acquainted with Harvard technicalities)". During one of his tutoring sessions, Very declared that he was
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also commented positively on Very's poetry: "The thought is deeply spiritual; and while there is a certain character of peculiarity which we so often find in like things from our old writers, there is a freedom from quaintness...Indeed, I know not where you would...find any thing in this country to
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relieved Very of his duties, referring to a "nervous collapse" that required him to be left in the care of his younger brother
Washington Very, himself a freshman at Harvard. After returning to Salem, he visited Elizabeth Peabody on September 16, 1838, apparently having given up his rule "not to
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within him. When Ware did not believe him, Very said "I had thought you did the will of the Father, and that I should receive some sympathy from you—But I now find that you are doing your own will, and not the will of your father". Very also said he was under the influence of the Holy Spirit and
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As a boy, Very was studious, well-behaved, and solitary. By 1827, he left school when his mother told him he must take the place of his father and care for the family. After working at an auction house, Very became a paid assistant to the principal of a private school in Salem as a teenager. The
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The last decades of Very's life were spent in Salem as a recluse under the care of his sister. It was during these years that he held roles as a visiting minister in
Eastport, Maine and North Beverly, Massachusetts, but these roles were temporary because he had become too shy. By age 45, he had
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The newspapers record the death of Jones Very of Salem, Mass. It was my fortune to have known the man while he was tutor in
Harvard College and writing his Sonnets and Essays on Shakespeare, which were edited by Emerson, and published in 1839. Very was then the dreamy mystic of our circle of
286:, to meet him. Emerson, however, was surprised at Very's behavior in larger groups. "When he is in the room with other persons, speech stops, as if there were a corpse in the apartment", he wrote. Even so, in May 1838, the same month Very published his "Epic Poetry" lecture in the
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also became a writer. His mother, Lydia Very, was known for being an aggressive freethinker who made her atheistic beliefs known to all. She believed that marriage was only a moral arrangement and not a legal one. His father, also named Jones Very, was a captain during the
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retired. In his last 40 years, Very did little. Biographer Edwin
Gittleman wrote "Although he lived until 1880, Very's effective life was over by the end of 1840." He died on May 8, 1880, and, upon hearing of Very's death, Alcott wrote a brief remembrance on May 16, 1880:
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His temperament was delicate and nervous, disposed to visionariness and a dreamy idealism, stimulated by over-studies and the school of thought then in the ascendant. His sonnets and
Shakespearean essays surpass any that have since appeared in subtlety and simplicity of
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system being "entirely out of order". The same month he was released, Very stayed with Emerson at his home in Concord for a week. While he was visiting, Emerson wrote in his journal on October 29 "J. Very charmed us all by telling us he hated us all."
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while he completed his studies. He graduated from Harvard in 1836, ranked number two in his class. He was chosen to speak at his commencement; his address was titled "Individuality". After graduating, Very served as a tutor in Greek, then entered
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He looked much flushed and his eyes very brilliant and unwinking. It struck me at once that there was something unnatural—and dangerous in his air—As soon as we were within the parlor door he laid his hand on my head—and said "I come to
201:, influencing his religious beliefs and counteracting his mother's atheism. He composed a poem for the dedication of a new Unitarian church in Salem: "O God; On this, our temple, rest thy smile, Till bent with days its tower shall nod".
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His whole bearing made an impression as if himself were detached from his thought and his body were another's. He ventured, withal, to warn me of falling into idolatries, while he brought a sonnet or two (since printed) for my benefit.
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Very continued writing throughout his life, but sparingly. Many of his later poems never were collected but only distributed in manuscript form among the Transcendentalists. In January 1843, his work was included in the first issue of
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and was held in Nova Scotia for a time by the British as a prisoner of war. When the younger Jones Very was 10, his father, by then a shipmaster, took him on a sailing voyage to Russia. A year later, his father had Very serve as a
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Jones Very believed his role as a prophet would last only 12 months. By September 1839, his role was complete. Emerson suggested that Very's temporary mental instability was worth the message he had delivered. In his essay
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on April 4 of that year, after he had walked 20 miles from Salem to Concord to deliver it. Emerson made up for the meager $ 10 payment by inviting Very to his home for dinner. Emerson signed Very's personal copy of
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as a brother figure in his life. Although Hawthorne treated him kindly, he was not impressed by Very. Unlike Hawthorne, Emerson found him "remarkable", and when Very showed up at his home unannounced along with
335:"infallible: that he was a man of heaven, and superior to all the world around him". He then cried out to his students "Flee to the mountains, for the end of all things is at hand". Harvard president
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After this, Very told her she would soon feel different, explaining "I am the Second Coming". He performed similar "baptisms" to other people throughout Salem, including ministers. It was Reverend
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of Christ, which resulted in his dismissal from Harvard and his eventual institutionalization in an insane asylum. When he was released, Emerson helped him issue a collection titled
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who wrote of the poet “In the past two decades two major American writers have been rediscovered and established securely in their rightful places in literary history. I refer to
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in 1842. He wrote to Emerson asking for more information about him and expressing his opinion of his poetry: "Though comparatively unknown, he seems to be a true poet."
244:, with the financial assistance of an uncle. Although Very never completed his divinity degree, he held temporary pastorates in Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.
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322:, professor of pulpit eloquence and pastoral care at Harvard Divinity School, that divine inspiration helped him suddenly understand the twenty-fourth chapter of the
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Very became known for his ability to draw people into literature, and he was asked to speak at a lyceum in his hometown of Salem in 1837. There he was befriended by
422:: "Such a mind cannot be lost". Emerson was sympathetic with Very's plight because he recently had been ostracized after his controversial lecture the "
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on a trip to New Orleans, Louisiana. His father died on the return trip, apparently due to a lung disease he contracted while in Nova Scotia.
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Griswold, Rufus W. to Ralph Waldo Emerson. September 18, 1841. Letter in the manuscript collection at Houghton Library, Harvard University.
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in 1834. During his college years, he was shy, studious, and ambitious of literary fame. He had become interested in the works of
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in 1839. The poems collected in this volume were chiefly Shakespearean sonnets. Very also published several poems in the
120:(August 28, 1813 – May 8, 1880) was an American poet, essayist, clergyman, and mystic associated with the American
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A complete scholarly edition of Very's poetic works belatedly appeared, over a century after the poet's death, in 1993.
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in 1839. Very lived the majority of his life as a recluse from then, issuing poetry only sparingly. He died in 1880.
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true relations with him...To stand in true relations with men in a false age is worth a fit of insanity, is it not?
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The modern reassessment of Jones Very as an author of literary importance can be dated to a 1936 essay by
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314:. The first signs of a breakdown came shortly after meeting Emerson as Very was completing an essay on
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294:, where the topic of discussion was "the question of mysticism". At the meeting, held at the home of
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Map of the original location of McLean Insane Asylum from an 1884 atlas of Somerville, Massachusetts
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principal, Henry Kemble Oliver, exposed his young assistant to philosophers and writers, including
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was impressed enough by Very's poetry to include him in the first edition of his anthology
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The first critical review of Very's book was written by Margaret Fuller and published in
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and was invited to lecture on the topic in his home town, which drew the attention of
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Very was known as an eccentric, prone to odd behavior and may have suffered from
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admired Very's poetry as well, writing that his insanity "is only superficial".
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admired Very's poetry enough to have several published in his journal, the
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Gracefully Insane: Life and Death Inside America's Premier Mental Hospital
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Emerson saw a kindred spirit in Very and defended his sanity. He wrote to
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Very was institutionalized for a month at a hospital near Boston, the
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with the words: "Har of Man with Nature Must Be Reconciled With God".
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372:, as he wrote "contrary to my will". He was replaced at Harvard by
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The Peabody Sisters: Three Women Who Ignited American Romanticism
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New England Literary Culture: From Revolution through Renaissance
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132:. He was well-known and respected among the Transcendentalists.
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1337:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995.
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to two unwed first cousins, Jones Very became associated with
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Margaret Fuller: An American Romantic Life: The Private Years
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you with the Holy Ghost and with Fire"—and then he prayed.
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in 1838, Emerson invited several other friends, including
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Salem Is My Dwelling Place: A Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne
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Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1993: xxxviii.
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God's Scrivener: The Madness and Meaning of Jones Very
1365:. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2023.
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God's Scrivener: The Madness and Meaning of Jones Very
143:, first as an undergraduate, then as a student in the
1347:Winters, Yvor. “Jones Very: A New England Mystic.”
926:"Charles Stearns Wheeler: Emerson's "Good Grecian""
752:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989: 388.
1192:Winters,Yvor. “Jones Very: A New England Mystic.”
1179:Winters,Yvor. “Jones Very: A New England Mystic.”
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1129:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992: 319.
1058:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966: 46–47.
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1260:Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
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1223:Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group Portrait
1209:Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
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1323:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1991.
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480:Grave of Jones Very in Peabody, Massachusetts
376:. While at McLean, Very finished an essay on
1383:, February 8, 2024 (review of Davis, Clark,
1274:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.
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233:. His first few poems were published in the
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1449:Index entry for Jones Very at Poets' Corner
1309:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1984.
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1272:Jones Very: The Effective Years: 1833-1840
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1103:Alcott, Amos Bronson (ed. Odell Shepard).
991:Alcott, Amos Bronson (ed. Odell Shepard).
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460:, which included the first publication of
340:speak or look at women". As she recalled,
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622:. New York: George Braziller, 1995: 174.
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1239:Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1942.
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124:movement. He was known as a scholar of
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1307:Ralph Waldo Emerson: Days of Encounter
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1421:from Dictionary of Literary Biography
1279:American Transcendentalism: A History
175:Very was born on August 28, 1813, in
1237:Jones Very, Emerson's "Brave Saint."
1107:Boston: Little, Brown, 1938: 516–517
995:Boston: Little, Brown, 1938: 107–108
578:Jones Very, Emerson’s “Brave Saint.”
434:between 1838 and 1840 as well as in
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1521:19th-century American male writers
1491:Members of the Transcendental Club
1377:"'The Voice of Unfiltered Spirit'"
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620:Poetry of the American Renaissance
273:For a time, Very tried to recruit
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1496:Writers from Salem, Massachusetts
1434:(1839) at Making of America Books
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1281:. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007.
1246:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
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1225:. New York: Viking Press, 1996.
444:, including Emerson, as well as
392:wrote of Very in December 1838:
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1526:19th-century American essayists
1511:Harvard Divinity School faculty
1295:. Boston: Mariner Books, 2005.
1258:Jones Very: The Complete Poems.
1207:Jones Very: The Complete Poems.
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1168:Jones Very: The Complete Poems.
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1105:The Journals of Bronson Alcott.
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558:The Poets and Poetry of America
357:who finally had him committed.
326:and that Christ was having his
1531:Harvard Divinity School alumni
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548:compare with these Sonnets."
489:", Emerson referred to Very:
1381:The New York Review of Books
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1476:19th-century American poets
1413:Very biography through 1840
1404:(public domain audiobooks)
255:suggesting Very lecture in
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1425:Harvard Square Library bio
1415:from Transcendentalism Web
1333:Richardson, Robert D. Jr.
1235:Bartlett, William Irving.
924:Eidson, John Olin (1954).
426:". He helped Very publish
227:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
16:American poet and essayist
1335:Emerson: The Mind on Fire
1205:Deese, Helen R., Editor.
1166:Deese, Helen R., Editor.
930:The New England Quarterly
539:, between 1838 and 1840.
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72:Essayist, poet and mystic
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1536:McLean Hospital patients
1506:Poets from Massachusetts
1319:Miller, Edwin Haviland.
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1516:American male essayists
541:William Ellery Channing
529:Boston Quarterly Review
424:Divinity School Address
374:Charles Stearns Wheeler
355:Charles Wentworth Upham
280:Cornelius Conway Felton
242:Harvard Divinity School
223:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
145:Harvard Divinity School
1486:Harvard College alumni
545:Richard Henry Dana Sr.
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300:Medford, Massachusetts
1256:Deese, Helen R., ed.
553:Rufus Wilmot Griswold
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472:Final years and death
446:William Cullen Bryant
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1351:(May 1936): 159–178.
1056:James Russell Lowell
533:James Freeman Clarke
458:James Russell Lowell
448:, praised his work.
414:(1839) by Jones Very
177:Salem, Massachusetts
137:Salem, Massachusetts
51:Salem, Massachusetts
1481:American male poets
1398:Works by Jones Very
1375:Wineapple, Brenda.
519:Critical assessment
466:The Tell-Tale Heart
390:Amos Bronson Alcott
316:William Shakespeare
292:Transcendental Club
284:Henry David Thoreau
275:Nathaniel Hawthorne
253:Ralph Waldo Emerson
157:Ralph Waldo Emerson
126:William Shakespeare
1444:Google Book Search
1270:Gittleman, Edwin.
1116:Gittleman, 356–357
1054:Duberman, Martin.
551:Editor and critic
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442:Transcendentalists
416:
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288:Christian Examiner
231:Friedrich Schiller
219:William Wordsworth
147:and as a tutor of
141:Harvard University
89:Harvard University
1291:Marshall, Megan.
1252:978-1-58648-161-2
1125:Capper, Charles.
748:Buell, Lawrence.
537:Western Messenger
462:Edgar Allan Poe's
432:Western Messenger
337:Josiah Quincy III
324:Gospel of Matthew
249:Elizabeth Peabody
209:Very enrolled at
122:Transcendentalism
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99:Transcendentalism
95:Literary movement
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1439:Essays and Poems
1431:Essays and Poems
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1277:Gura, Philip F.
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525:Orestes Brownson
428:Essays and Poems
412:Essays and Poems
312:bipolar disorder
199:James Mackintosh
165:Essays and Poems
109:Essays and Poems
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1349:American Review
1305:McAleer, John.
1221:Baker, Carlos.
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1194:American Review
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574:Herman Melville
570:Emily Dickinson
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251:, who wrote to
211:Harvard College
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85:Alma mater
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48:August 28, 1813
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1076:Beam, 37–38
822:Miller, 139
780:Miller, 140
691:Gittleman12
454:The Pioneer
261:epic poetry
186:War of 1812
153:epic poetry
77:Nationality
60:May 8, 1880
1501:Sonneteers
1460:Categories
1442:(1839) at
1216:References
1045:Packer, 81
982:Packer, 80
875:Baker, 123
863:Packer, 79
836:Baker, 122
798:Packer, 72
771:Packer, 71
725:Baker, 121
655:Packer, 70
514:execution.
487:Friendship
215:Lord Byron
118:Jones Very
69:Occupation
44:1813-08-28
23:Jones Very
1013:Gura, 194
950:0028-4866
854:Gura, 288
191:cabin boy
171:Biography
1402:LibriVox
973:Beam, 37
437:The Dial
135:Born in
80:American
347:baptize
257:Concord
130:sonnets
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402:Poetry
379:Hamlet
267:Nature
111:(1839)
954:JSTOR
584:Notes
181:Lydia
149:Greek
1367:ISBN
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1311:ISBN
1297:ISBN
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38:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
