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404:, they connected with the Latin American Defense Organization (LADO) and supported their demonstrations for a welfare-caseworkers union and for dignified recipient rights. The Lakeview Citizen's Council, with Hilda Frontany as its leader, became proactive, well-organized and supportive of the Young Lords. David Hernández and his La Gente Organization, also in Lakeview, was an ally in their fight against
326:. Others, including Jiménez, were still on street corners, or jailed for different gang and drug-related crimes. The youth of Lincoln Park became involved in property crimes such as car thefts, purse-snatchings, and burglaries, but also violent armed robberies, stabbings, shootings, and disorderly conduct, much associated with the damages of drugs. Jiménez and a few Young Lords turned to hard drugs like
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community daycare center in
Chicago. The day care center was established in 1969 to support women's involvement in the Young Lords' organizing activities. It operated as a co-op, with male and female parents taking turns baby-sitting the children of the members. The Young Lords conducted demonstrations for welfare dignity and women's rights, against police brutality and racism, and for
412:, Mecca Sorrentini and the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), the Spanish Action Committee (SACC), Puerto Rican Organization for Political Action (PROPA), West Town Concerned Citizens Coalition, and Allies for a Better Community (ABC) became allies. They all cooperated with the Young Lords and were proactive in downtown marches against Mayor
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Immigration officials regularly detained undocumented
Mexican workers taken in yearly raids. They passed through the north maximum-security cell-house for processing. Some white and African American guards mistreated the Mexicans. Jiménez gained permission to translate for such Mexican detainees, but
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largely in housing south of North Avenue. Latinos needing less expensive housing moved north to
Lakeview or west to Wicker Park and Humboldt Park. Whites moved further northwest and north. Court rulings that overturned some of the redlining came too late for most poorer families, who sometimes had to
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The Young Lords initiated what they called "survival programs" at the
Chicago People's Church and in other cities, modelled after projects by the Black Panthers. These included a free breakfast for children program, the Emeterio Betances Free Health Clinic, a free dental clinic, and the first free
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to join relatives. As a youth, he ran with a street gang, but made a turn-around in 1968 and devoted himself to reviving the Young Lords to work on issues of human rights, beginning in
Chicago. Issues included redlining, displacement of the poor, welfare rights and dignity, police relations, and
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classes and became one of José's best friends. Originally the Young Lords developed for mutual protection, recognition and reputation, in a city where their members were a mostly poor minority. White gangs considered them a disruption to the
Lincoln Park neighborhood and confrontations became
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and near downtown; it became a successful showcase for urban living for upper classes. It is now ranked as one of the richest neighborhoods in the world. Neighborhood associations, such as the
Lincoln Park Conservation Association, never consulted with the poor residents. These neighborhood
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In fewer than two years, the Jiménez family moved to
Chicago to be near relatives. His mother worked in a candy factory and did piece-work in several TV factories. Doña Genia also volunteered and contributed to organizing the Catholic Daughters of Mary (Damas de MarĂa) in Chicago's
322:, so they ceased to exist as an organized gang. They still hung around together in certain locations, but without structure. Many then chose a chaotic, drug-filled, purposeless life. Many got married and moved away without any contact. Many were serving on active duty in
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In response to the police killing of Manuel Ramos, an unarmed 20-year-old shot and killed by an off-duty officer while trying to break up a fight, the Young Lords held several marches against police brutality. They raised and contributed the seed money to establish the
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community needs. In addition to establishing breakfast, education and health programs, they organized politically to negotiate with city officials. They also set up chapters in other cities with Puerto Rican and Latino populations, to work on social justice.
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actions on behalf of the poor people of
Lincoln Park. They disrupted Lincoln Park Conservation Association meetings there, confronted real-estate brokers and landlords, created the Peoples Church and the Peoples Park, and occupied and forced the
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By 1967, most of the formerly white areas of
Lincoln Park had been occupied by Latino residents, many of them ethnic Puerto Ricans. The original Young Lords had reached their late teens and lacked gang wars and organized meetings at the
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program. Puerto Ricans had been displaced into Lincoln Park from other developing areas, but the city began to eye that neighborhood for redevelopment. City planners argued that Lincoln Park should be renovated as an inner-city
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Johanna Fernandez, “Between Social Service, Reform and Revolutionary Politics: The Young Lords, Late Sixties Radicalism, and Community Organizing in New York City,” in Theoharis, Jeanne and Komozi Woodard, editors.
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associations assisted Mayor Daley by changing zoning laws, calling for building inspectors to pressure small owners into selling, and assisting real-estate agents and bankers with neighborhood housing group tours.
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The original Chicago Young Lords became the national headquarters for a movement with chapters in other cities with significant Puerto Rican populations, such as New York, Philadelphia, and Milwaukee.
341:, then called the Bridewell or House of Correction. During this period, Jiménez decided to change and to devote his life to the cause of human rights. He read a book by American Catholic monk
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while in jail, and it had a strong influence on him. He was moved by the other man's account of his spiritual journey, as Jiménez had once contemplated becoming a
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394:(I have Puerto Rico in my heart), the Young Lords worked for Puerto Rican nationalism and independence. They also sought support from Black Power groups.
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275:, in order to attract professionals and increase tax revenues, and to profit from housing turnover as lower standard properties were redeveloped.
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and to create self-defense within the Puerto Rican and larger Latino communities. He intended to devote himself to this new people's movement.
176:, Jiménez was taken as an infant by his mother to the continental United States the following year. They lived for a time with his father near
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neighborhoods. Jimenez and his family were forced to move often, and he attended four different elementary schools during this period.
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Under the leadership of Jiménez, the Young Lords was transformed into the Young Lords Organization. They began by staging a series of
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frequent. Most of the new Latino children in Lincoln Park joined some form of street gang or neighborhood "club" to make their way.
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to provide resources for the community. On May 15, 1969, a group of 20 Young Lords members entered the administration building of
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he was not allowed to leave his third-floor cell. This made him more determined to fight for human rights. He planned to model the
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that became a civil and human rights organization. Started in September 23, 1968, it was most active in the late 1960s and 1970s.
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barrio in Caguas. In 1949, when JosĂ© was an infant, his mother Eugenia (Doña Genia) RodrĂguez moved with him from Puerto Rico to
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The bankers, building inspectors, and real-estate agents who supported Daley's master plan for Chicago were caught illegally
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Latina/o Migration and Community Formation in Postwar Chicago: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Gender and Politics, 1945-1975
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632:"Once a street gang, then a political collective, the Young Lords celebrate 50 years with a symposium at DePaul"
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In the summer of 1968, Jiménez was picked up for possession of heroin and was given a 60-day sentence at
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Jon Rice, “The World of the Illinois Panthers,” in Theoharis, Jeanne and Komozi Woodard, editors.
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The Young Lords also cooperated with other Latinos working for change elsewhere in Chicago. In
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217:, where they were reunited with his father Antonio. They rented a work cabin from the
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778:"Puerto Rico en Mi CorazĂłn: The Young Lords and Puerto Rican Nationalism in the US"
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The Near Northwest Side Story: Migration, Displacement, and Puerto Rican Families
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Thesis - Pa’lante: The Direct Action Campaigns of the Young Lords Party
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by Puerto Ricans. It had previously been predominately ethnic German.
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830:"Interview with Jose "Cha Cha" Jimenez on original Rainbow Coalition"
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in Lincoln Park in an effort to prevent the displacement of Latinos.
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153:(born August 8, 1948) is a political activist and the founder of the
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Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980
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Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980
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in Chicago. The Young Lords Organization also developed plans for
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487:"The Young Lords: How a street gang turned to community activism"
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Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-60
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Frank Browning, “From Rumble to Revolution: The Young Lords”,
511:"The Young Lords: The Puerto Rican Activists Who Shook Up NYC"
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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street gang, graduated from one of Doña Genia's neighborhood
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DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
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180:, Massachusetts, but within two years the family moved to
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in Oakland. In Chicago they were recruited by Chairman
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Glenda Sampson, “Lincoln Park: A Community in Crisis”
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to parents Eugenia RodrĂguez Flores (1929-2013), of
760:Thomas Dolan, “600 March to Protest Youth's Death,
295:leave their homes in the Lakeview, Wicker Park and
620:. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987
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443:for Puerto Rico and other Latin American nations.
859:Brian D. Boyer, “Gangs Day Care Center to Open”,
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703:. Archived from the original on September 8, 2003
435:and Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party.
205:, and Antonio JimĂ©nez RodrĂguez (1924-1973) from
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213:. They traveled to a migrant worker camp near
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193:Called "Cha Cha", José Jiménez was born in
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67:about living persons that is unsourced or
419:The Young Lords were already allied with
266:During the 1960s, the city continued its
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
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290:. They were still successful in keeping
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249:Orlando Dávila, who later founded the
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850:. Palgrave Macmillan, February 2003.
630:Cardoza, Kerry (21 September 2018).
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926:American substance abuse counselors
607:National Young Lords, "Brief Notes"
566:Jeffries, Judson (29 August 2012).
221:family-owners of the migrant camp.
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747:“Fight at Lincoln Park Meeting”,
667:Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago
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371:McCormick Theological Seminary
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232:The Jiménez family lived near
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485:Grossman, Ron (8 July 2018).
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697:"Young Lords, Puerto Ricans"
302:When the Young Lords were a
45:biography of a living person
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901:Young Lords in Lincoln Park
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72:must be removed immediately
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262:Lincoln Park urban renewal
787:: 148–169. Archived from
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456:The Young Lords: A Reader
308:Almighty Vice Lord Nation
278:Lincoln Park was next to
738:(PhD Dissertation: 2005)
155:Young Lords Organization
776:Ogbar, Jeffrey (2006).
650:Chicago Today Magazine
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151:José "Cha Cha" Jiménez
87:"Jose Cha Cha Jimenez"
59:Please help by adding
431:, which included the
618:Puerto Rican Chicago
541:Puerto Rican Chicago
65:Contentious material
461:Denise Oliver-Velez
421:Black Panther Party
379:People's Law Office
355:Black Panther Party
234:Holy Name Cathedral
894:2012-10-25 at the
521:on 8 December 2021
491:chicagotribune.com
441:self-determination
427:into the original
383:low-income housing
863:, August 22, 1969
861:Chicago Sun Times
763:Chicago Sun Times
734:Lilia Fernandez,
539:Padilla, Felixx.
429:Rainbow Coalition
310:, as well as the
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189:Family background
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304:street gang
251:Young Lords
203:San Lorenzo
199:Puerto Rico
174:Puerto Rico
163:street gang
910:Categories
798:2019-09-24
707:2019-08-15
662:Mike Royko
575:libcom.org
496:2019-09-24
467:References
362:grassroots
128:March 2021
98:newspapers
288:redlining
255:catechism
236:, on the
50:citations
892:Archived
716:cite web
596:Ramparts
450:See also
243:La Clark
168:Born in
76:libelous
543:. 1987.
332:cocaine
324:Vietnam
219:Italian
182:Chicago
161:-based
159:Chicago
112:scholar
816:. 2003
686:, 1983
670:, 1971
556:. 2005
347:priest
328:heroin
273:suburb
215:Boston
195:Caguas
178:Boston
170:Caguas
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792:(PDF)
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408:. In
119:JSTOR
105:books
43:This
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527:2021
330:and
320:YMCA
157:, a
91:news
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