39:), Pine Ridge. He converted to Catholicism and became a catechist and prominent church member. Joseph worked as a day laborer and cowboy, learned carpentry and eventually worked as a translator. Also became secretary of the Oglala Tribal Council. While at the mission school, Joseph had learned enough English to begin seeking compensation in the mid-1890s and lead a survivors' campaign for losses during 1890-1891. Legally though, claimants could not demand retribution for their dead relatives, which was limited by the 1891 act so that claimants could only seek compensation for stolen or damaged property. Both Joseph and his brother Dewey made property loss claims and sought restitution for their father's stolen property in the combined amount of approximately $ 4,526.50, which was during the time frame into the earliest part of the 1900s. Joseph with his spouse Mildred Beautiful Bald Eagle had two children, their daughter Jessie and
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Tablets." One such interview was with Joseph telling Ricker what he witnessed at the
Wounded Knee Massacre, "When the shooting began the women ran to the ravine. The shooting was in every direction. Soldiers shot into one another.... Many of the Indians in the circle were killed. Many of them mingled with the soldiers behind them, picking up guns from dead soldiers and taking cartridge belts."
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began research for a book he was going to call "The Final
Conflict between the Red Men and the Palefaces." He gathered sources and interviews about conditions and battles on the Plains during the last half of the 1800s. He recorded the interviews in small note pads known to historians as the "Ricker
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Joseph was instrumental for interviews and accounts, speaking out against prejudice as well as leading compensation claims regarding
Wounded Knee since he knew enough of the English language. He was an early vital member and a founder of the Wounded Knee Survivors Association founded in 1901 which
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along with two brothers
William Horn Cloud (1876-1890), Sherman Horn Cloud (1865-1890) and a niece. Joseph was a survivor of the massacre as well as his brother Daniel and half brother
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Shortly after the loss of much of his family, Joseph assumed his father's name 'Horn Cloud' as his surname. He assumed the name while living at Holy Rosary
Mission (now
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born 1873 and died
September 18, 1920. His father was Horn Cloud and mother Nest, both parents died at the
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raised enough money for a monument that was erected near the mass grave in 1905.
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Surviving
Wounded Knee: The Lakotas and the Politics of Memory
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Surviving
Wounded Knee: The Lakotas and the Politics of Memory
180:"Wounded Knee: Healing the Wounds of the Past - ICTMN.com"
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158:. Oxford University Press. 6 January 2016.
87:. Oxford University Press. 6 January 2016.
140:"Page 297; IS 1920-1922, vol. 02, no. 07"
69:"Page 297; IS 1920-1922, vol. 02, no. 07"
109:"Alice Horn Cloud 1873-1975 - Ancestry®"
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