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518:, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González. His father and uncles were involved in the "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation. As a lad, he would often accompany his father and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary and secondary education in his hometown. In 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing to Ciales). In 1924, Corretjer published his first booklet of poems.
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625:. As evidence, the prosecution referred to the creation, organization and the activities of the cadets, which the government made reference to as the "Liberating Army of Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated that the military tactics which the cadets were taught was for the sole purpose of overthrowing the Government of the U.S. A jury composed of seven Puerto Ricans and five Americans ended with a hung jury. Judge
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This book, sometimes called a pamphlet, was written in
English as it was intended for the U.S. American public audience. Its purpose was to raise conscience among the American people about the event of the Ponce Massacre as most Americans had never heard of the involvement of the US government and
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called for a new jury, this time composed of ten
Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty verdict was reached. Corretjer was sent to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year in 1937, because he refused to hand over to the American authorities the Book of Acts of the Nationalists Party, as
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Under this new law it would be a crime to print, publish, sell, or exhibit any material intended to paralyze or destroy the insular government; or to organize any society, group or assembly of people with a similar destructive intent. It made it illegal to display a Puerto Rican flag, sing a
525:", which later would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was still in elementary school. When he was in 8th grade, he organized a student protest against the United States in his town. He was expelled from his local high school for organizing a strike to have it renamed for
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is no longer an idealized figure but allegory of revolutionary legacy. In the prologue of "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states it was not his intent to "dig up a mummy" but to bring to light "the splendor of the indigenous imagination that lives on in our own."
795:. This force included the machine-gunning of Nationalists all over the island, and the aerial bombing of the town of Jayuya. Hundreds of Cadets and Nationalists, among them Corretjer, were arrested by mid-November 1950, and the party was never the same.
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The themes and inspiration for his poems and essays were devoted to his defense of his native land. Corretjer's epic poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in the tower of Ciales) (1953), is considered one of the representative works of the
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697:, with anyone found guilty of disobeying the law in any way being subject to a sentence of up to ten years imprisonment, a fine of up to US$ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 127,000 in 2023), or both. According to
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and the following members of the Cadets of the
Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H. Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Santiago, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with
579:, the Nationalist youth organization, Hiram Rosado and Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and executed, without a trial, at police headquarters in San Juan.
641:, which held appellate jurisdiction over federal matters in Puerto Rico, upheld the verdict. Albizu Campos and the other Nationalist leaders were sent to the Federal penitentiary in
1029:, on January 19, 1985. He was buried at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal in Ciales, Puerto Rico. A high school in Ciales is named after Corretjer. A monument of Corretjer is found at
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where he published his first two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) and "Ulises" (1933). Throughout his life, he wrote for various newspapers and publications in Puerto Rico,
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the US media in that massacre. The pamphlet, currently (January 2014) out of print, was reprinted in its entirely as
Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book
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Juan
Antonio Corretjer Montes, Poet and Secretary General of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and founder and leader of la Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña.
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1397:"Discrimination for Political Beliefs and Associations"; Helfeld, D. M.; Revista del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico; volumen = 25
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On April 3, 1936, a
Federal Grand Jury submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis F. Velázquez,
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In 1935, four
Nationalists were killed by the police under the command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The incident became known as the
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In 1927, he moved to San Juan and worked as a journalist for the newspaper "La
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1025:(The Institute of Puerto Rican Culture) published a collection of his poems in 1976. Corretjer died in
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rule over Puerto Rico. It specifically repudiated the so-called "Free
Associated State" (
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His poetry spans several decades and transcended any particular literary movement. The
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which would restrain the rights of the independence and
Nationalist movements on the
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1508:"War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America’s Colony"; Author:
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patriotic song, and reinforced the 1898 law that had made it illegal to display the
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Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
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looking for international support for Puerto Rico's independence movement.
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On October 30, 1950, the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of
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Puerto Rican poetry: a selection from aboriginal to contemporary times
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In 1936, Corretjer met and became friends with the nationalist leader
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poet, journalist and pro-independence political activist opposing
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and others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".
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The revolts failed because of the overwhelming force used by the
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903:", "En la vida todo es ir" (later versioned by artists such as
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968:(pp 377–404). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.
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awarded him the honorary title of Puerto Rico National Poet.
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1492:"Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer - ZeePuertoRico.com"
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passed in the United States in 1940, became known as the
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In 1935, Corretjer travelled to Cuba and joined an anti-
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group whose aim was to overthrow the U.S.-backed Cuban
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The Imprisonment of Men and Women Fighting Colonialism
987:"La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico", (1977)
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set many of Corretjer's poems to music, particularly "
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His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer and actress
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637:, tried in vain to defend the Nationalists, but the
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Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
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Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
685:) when the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico,
529:. Corretjer was then sent to school in the town of
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Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1680:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
1384:La Gobernación de Jesús T. Piñero y la Guerra Fría
879:"Amor a Puerto Rico" (1937) (Love of Puerto Rico),
653:On May 21, 1948, a bill was introduced before the
1409:Concise encyclopedia of Latin American literature
575:. The following year in 1936, two members of the
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1146: and the second or maternal family name is
474:(March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was a
2382:Imprisoned Puerto Rican independence activists
633:In 1937 a group of lawyers, including a young
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972:"Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", (1970)
959:"Albizu Campos and the Ponce massacre" (1965)
846:You may listen to Juan Antonio Corretjer and
452:
1549:Interview with Juan Antonio Corretjer - 1982
1237:Interview with Juan Antonio Corretjer - 1982
803:
1512:; Publisher: Nation Books (April 7, 2015);
2377:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party politicians
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1562:
1423:"Brief History of Puerto Rican Literature"
521:Corretjer joined the "Literary Society of
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205:Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
147:Flag of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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882:"Cántico de Guerra" (1937) (Song of War),
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1670:Hostosian National Independence Movement
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586:. He was named Secretary General of the
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1650:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
1449:Fragment to the prologue of Yerba bruja
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791:- all of whom were aligned against the
689:, signed it into law on June 10, 1948.
615:federal government of the United States
2392:Politicians from San Juan, Puerto Rico
2367:Puerto Rican people of Catalan descent
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2313:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
2257:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
1707:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
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891:"Yerba Bruja" (1957) (Bewitched Grass)
713:Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s
2282:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
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888:"Tierra Nativa" (1951) (Native Land),
16:Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)
2387:People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
1590:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
1365:. Topuertorico.org. January 13, 1941
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1023:Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
939:"Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
210:1954 United States Capitol shooting
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1480:Juan Antonio Corretjer High Scholl
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603:Title 18 of the United States Code
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2412:20th-century Puerto Rican writers
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630:result of his political beliefs.
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661:. The Senate, controlled by the
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2402:20th-century Puerto Rican poets
2362:People from Ciales, Puerto Rico
1660:Puerto Rican Independence Party
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999:"Los dias de conta dos", (1984)
885:"El Leñero" (1944) (Timberman),
506:Juan Antonio Corretjer monument
498:Juan Antonio Corretjer monument
2196:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1828:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
1665:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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1009:"Alabanzas: Antología", (2000)
588:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
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426:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
109:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
99:Liga Socialista Puertorriqueña
1:
2217:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
2131:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1891:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1743:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
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978:"Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
975:"Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
635:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
512:Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes
472:Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes
406:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
23:Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes
2277:Truman assassination attempt
1655:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
1455:(in Spanish). Archived from
1136:, the first or paternal
1103:List of Puerto Rican writers
984:"Pausa Para El Amor", (1976)
949:"Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)
7:
2407:20th-century American poets
2267:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1876:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
1306:Retrieved December 9, 2009.
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789:Puerto Rican Insular Police
777:Puerto Rican National Guard
743:San Juan Nationalist revolt
663:Partido Popular Democrático
195:San Juan Nationalist revolt
10:
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1645:Union Party of Puerto Rico
1248:FBI Files on Puerto Ricans
1131:
993:"Paso a Venezuela", (1977)
942:"La Revolución de Lares" (
917:Haciendo Punto en Otro Son
2372:Puerto Rican male writers
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1999:
1971:María de Lourdes Santiago
1966:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
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1808:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
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1531:Casa Corretjer Foundation
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981:"Prisionero 70495", 1976
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804:Literary style and themes
118:Puerto Rican Independence
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40:
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1803:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1773:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1763:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1290:Nationalist Insurrection
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762:United States Government
601:and other violations of
2287:Cerro Maravilla murders
2232:Levantamiento de Ciales
2191:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
2111:Tomás López de Victoria
2096:Andres Figueroa Cordero
2086:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1906:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1768:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1758:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1753:Eugenio María de Hostos
1723:Ramón Emeterio Betances
1638:Political organizations
1113:Puerto Rican literature
1037:, a lookout in Ciales.
944:The Revolution of Lares
639:Boston Court of Appeals
560:. He also traveled to
549:and the United States.
510:Corretjer (birth name:
371:Andres Figueroa Cordero
366:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
333:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
288:Tomás López de Victoria
127:Part of a series on the
2186:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
2081:Isabel Freire de Matos
2071:Juan Antonio Corretjer
2021:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1851:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1778:José Gualberto Padilla
1716:19th century activists
1696:Cadets of the Republic
1689:Militant organizations
1363:"Puerto Rican History"
1034:
1004:Published Posthumously
895:Puerto Rican musician
829:Selected list of works
823:Puerto Rican Athenaeum
577:Cadets of the Republic
507:
499:
381:Isabel Freire de Matos
356:Margot Arce de Vázquez
328:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
268:Juan Antonio Corretjer
171:Cadets of the Republic
2146:Helen Rodríguez Trías
2126:Francisco Matos Paoli
2091:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
2051:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1986:Carlos Alberto Torres
1886:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1842:20th and 21st century
1783:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
1597:Indigenous resistance
1108:List of Puerto Ricans
1027:San Juan, Puerto Rico
1012:"Yerba bruja", (1992)
996:"El Cumplido", (1979)
766:Estado Libre Asociado
649:Puerto Rico's Gag Law
505:
497:
416:Helen Rodríguez Trías
298:Francisco Matos Paoli
278:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
248:Rafael Cancel Miranda
73:San Juan, Puerto Rico
2237:Río Piedras massacre
1941:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1921:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1856:Félix Benítez Rexach
1701:Boricua Popular Army
1510:Nelson Antonio Denis
609:is the criminal and
573:Río Piedras massacre
523:José Gautier Benítez
431:Félix Benítez Rexach
350:Notable nationalists
161:Río Piedras massacre
2397:Puerto Rican rebels
2308:Grito de Lares flag
2201:Olga Viscal Garriga
2176:Clemente Soto Vélez
2166:Vidal Santiago Díaz
2076:José Ferrer Canales
2011:Pedro Albizu Campos
1961:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1946:Antonio S. Pedreira
1931:Luis Lloréns Torres
1926:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1798:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
876:"Agüeybaná" (1932),
695:Flag of Puerto Rico
655:Puerto Rican Senate
595:Clemente Soto Vélez
584:Pedro Albizu Campos
516:Ciales, Puerto Rico
396:José Ferrer Canales
338:Olga Viscal Garriga
318:Clemente Soto Vélez
313:Vidal Santiago Díaz
228:Pedro Albizu Campos
222:Nationalist leaders
55:Ciales, Puerto Rico
2227:Intentona de Yauco
2181:Griselio Torresola
2136:Ruth Mary Reynolds
2031:Casimiro Berenguer
1981:Alejandrina Torres
1936:Oscar López Rivera
1901:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1818:Fernando Fernandez
1813:Manuel Zeno Gandía
1542:2006-07-19 at the
1349:2012-03-27 at the
1277:2013-11-01 at the
1253:2015-09-24 at the
1062:Puerto Rico portal
913:Antonio Cabán Vale
905:Joan Manuel Serrat
901:Boricua en la luna
862:Boricua en la Luna
669:) and presided by
623:criminal procedure
607:United States Code
605:. Title 18 of the
566:Dominican Republic
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323:Griselio Torresola
303:Ruth Mary Reynolds
238:Casimiro Berenguer
155:Events and revolts
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2251:Ley de la Mordaza
2141:Germán Rieckehoff
2056:José Coll y Cuchí
2003:Nationalist Party
1916:Leopoldo Figueroa
1866:Americo Boschetti
1215:Márquez, Robert.
1076:Literature portal
897:Roy Brown Ramírez
868:
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799:Poetry and essays
707:Freedom of Speech
705:which guarantees
699:Leopoldo Figueroa
679:Ley de la Mordaza
537:Nationalist youth
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411:Germán Rieckehoff
253:José Coll y Cuchí
178:Ley de la Mordaza
135:Nationalist Party
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1728:Mariana Bracetti
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1042:Millie Corretjer
966:Latino/a Thought
925:Lucecita Benítez
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671:Luis Muñoz Marín
643:Atlanta, Georgia
627:Robert A. Cooper
617:. It deals with
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65:January 19, 1985
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2272:Utuado Uprising
2262:Jayuya Uprising
2205:
2046:Nemesio Canales
2036:Julia de Burgos
2026:Elías Beauchamp
2016:José S. Alegría
2002:
1995:
1956:Miguel Poventud
1843:
1837:
1738:Roberto Cofresí
1733:Mathias Brugman
1711:
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1675:Socialist Front
1633:
1592:
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1544:Wayback Machine
1527:
1505:
1503:Further reading
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283:Lolita Lebrón
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51:March 3, 1908
43:
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27:
20:
2328:
2250:
2151:Hiram Rosado
2121:René Marqués
2101:Irvin Flores
2070:
2066:Rosa Collazo
2001:Puerto Rican
1951:Pedro Pietri
1788:Manuel Rojas
1703:(Macheteros)
1609:Agüeybaná II
1486:
1475:
1464:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1448:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1417:
1408:
1402:
1379:
1369:November 20,
1367:. Retrieved
1357:
1339:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1301:
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1267:
1261:
1243:
1216:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1148:
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1134:Spanish name
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793:Nationalists
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476:Puerto Rican
471:
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401:René Marqués
386:Hiram Rosado
376:Irvin Flores
267:
263:Rosa Collazo
177:
133:Puerto Rican
98:
95:Organization
84:Puerto Rican
67:(1985-01-19)
2357:1985 deaths
2352:1908 births
1991:Iris Zavala
1976:Piri Thomas
1896:Juan Dalmau
1604:Agüeybaná I
1320:"Biografia"
659:archipelago
564:and to the
490:Early years
484:Puerto Rico
80:Nationality
2346:Categories
1466:2010-02-07
1433:2010-02-06
1330:2010-09-30
1192:2006-08-16
1161:References
787:, and the
611:penal code
47:1908-03-03
1881:Roy Brown
1844:activists
1533:(Spanish)
1143:Corretjer
936:"Llorens"
848:Roy Brown
727:Naranjito
675:Smith Act
531:Vega Baja
176:Gag Law (
2330:Claridad
1540:Archived
1347:Archived
1275:Archived
1251:Archived
1132:In this
1048:See also
723:Mayagüez
599:sedition
558:dictator
482:rule in
115:Movement
2301:Symbols
2247:Gag Law
1629:Urayoán
1624:Jumacao
1614:Arasibo
1138:surname
1031:Spanish
858:YouTube
745:), and
731:Arecibo
683:Gag Law
613:of the
554:Batista
2210:Events
1619:Hayuya
1516:
1182:"PRCC"
1149:Montes
1017:Legacy
931:Essays
871:Poetry
783:, the
779:, the
775:, the
747:Jayuya
735:Utuado
2322:Media
1460:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1119:Notes
815:Taino
719:Ponce
562:Haiti
543:Ponce
1537:PRCC
1514:ISBN
1371:2011
1021:The
860:of "
621:and
547:Cuba
62:Died
41:Born
1140:is
856:on
850:'s
785:CIA
781:FBI
753:).
667:PPD
2348::
1390:^
1311:^
1225:^
1201:^
1169:^
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