460:"It's fair to say that Jule Charney turned the mystery of the erratic behavior of the atmosphere into a recognizable–although very, very difficult–problem in fluid physics. I would like, however, to talk today about Jule's more personal and I think equally vital contribution to our field, in terms of the inspiring generosity of spirit he showed that advanced the atmosphere of collaborative collegiality in our field. He set a standard for personal and scientific integrity that I think is often overlooked but of exceptional importance."
42:
448:. The two-day event featured presentations from world-renowned experts on the many scientific contributions that the two pioneers made on the fields of numerical weather prediction, physical oceanography, atmospheric dynamics, and experimental fluid dynamics, as well as the personal legacy they left behind of integrity, optimism, and collaboration. In one presentation,
318:. The paper was influential because it emphasized the influence of “long waves” in the upper atmosphere on the behavior of the entire atmosphere rather than the more traditional emphasis on the polar front and also provided a way of analyzing perturbations along these waves that was both physically insightful and mathematically rigorous.
395:
From 1974 to 1977, Charney headed the meteorology department at MIT. In addition to his revolutionizing research, Charney is remembered as a charismatic and optimistic professor among former students from MIT, where he remained until his death in 1981. Students describe falling into “orbit around the
392:,” the first convincing physical explanation for the development of mid-latitude cyclones. Charney identified the mechanism that explains the size, structure, and growth rate of mid-latitude weather systems, and is a ubiquitous phenomenon in rotating, stratified fluids like our oceans and atmosphere.
384:
In 1956, Charney left IAS to become a professor of meteorology and director of the
Atmospheric and Ocean Dynamics Project at MIT, where for 25 years he made major contributions in dynamic meteorology and oceanography research, including large-scale atmospheric turbulence, feedback interactions
495:, for research that "led to a more fundamental understanding of the atmosphere's general circulation, hydrodynamical instability, the structure of hurricanes, the dynamics of ocean currents, the propagation of wave energy and many other aspects of geophysical fluid mechanics."
265:
and increasing understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere by devising a series of increasingly sophisticated mathematical models of the atmosphere. His work was the driving force behind many national and international weather initiatives and programs.
375:
and as chairman of the academy's
Committee on International Meteorological Cooperation. In those roles, he conceived and helped organize the Global Atmospheric Research Program, considered the most ambitious international effort in weather research ever undertaken.
286:
Charney was born in San
Francisco, California, on January 1, 1917, to Jewish-Russian immigrants Ely Charney and Stella Littman, tailors in the garment industry. Charney spent most of his early life in California. After a 20-month battle with cancer, he died in
435:
In 2019 climate scientists celebrating the 40th anniversary of the
Charney report said "In retrospect, the Charney report seems like the scientific equivalent of the handwriting on the wall...Their warning was accurate and remains more relevant than ever."
269:
Considered the father of modern dynamical meteorology, Charney is credited with having "guided the postwar evolution of modern meteorology more than any other living figure." Charney's work also influenced that of his close colleague
361:, Charney helped pioneer the use of computers and numerical techniques to improve weather forecasting, and played a leading role in efforts to integrate sea-air exchanges of energy and moisture into the study of climate.
337:
postgraduate fellowship at the
University of Oslo in Norway. During this year, he developed a technique known as the “quasi-geostrophic approximation” for calculating the large-scale motions of planetary-scale waves.
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Charney began his career at his alma mater, UCLA, as an instructor in physics and meteorology from 1941 to 1946. In 1946, Charney became a research associate at the
University of Chicago under
357:(IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, to explore the feasibility of applying digital computers to weather prediction as head of the Meteorological Research Group. Together with noted mathematician
368:'s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. In 1954, Charney helped create the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit, a collaboration between the U.S. Weather Bureau, Air Force, and Navy.
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between the oceans and atmosphere, the persistence of certain abnormal flow patterns in the atmosphere, and the relationship of such phenomena to droughts.
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Charney sun.” There is a library named in
Charney's honor in the building that holds the MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheres and Planetary Sciences.
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allowed for concise mathematical description of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulations, enabling future numerical weather prediction work.
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to be less than 1.5°C. Values substantially higher than 4.5°C cannot be excluded, but agreement with observations is not as good for those values."
408:. The resulting 22-page report, "Carbon dioxide and climate: A scientific assessment," is one of the earliest modern scientific assessments about
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A video produced for the event highlights the indelible mark made by
Charney and Lorenz on MIT and the field of meteorology as a whole.
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547:" to individuals "in recognition of highly significant research or development achievement in the atmospheric or hydrologic sciences".
444:
In
February 2018, MIT held a symposium, named MIT on Chaos and Climate, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Charney and
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412:. Its main conclusion can be found on page 2: "We estimate the most probable global warming for a doubling of CO
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Dynamics of Large-Scale
Atmospheric and Oceanic Processes: Selected Papers of Jule Gregory Charney
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and world leader in physical oceanography, said this of his friend and mentor Jule Charney:
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Fleming, J. R. (February 2000). "Charney, Jule Gregory (01 January 1917–16 June 1981)".
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In 1979, Charney chaired an "ad hoc study group on carbon dioxide and climate" for the
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Rossby waves and two-dimensional turbulence in the presence of a large-scale zonal jet
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Charney would later serve as a member of the Committee on Atmospheric Sciences of the
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to be in the range 2°C to 4.5°C, with a best estimate value of about 3°C. It is
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1032:"Celebrating the anniversary of three key events in climate change science"
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Among his many fundamental contributions to the field, Charney identified “
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to be near 3°C with a probable error of ± 1.5°C." This estimate of
224:(1983; advised by Jagadish Shukla and Peter Stone after Charney's death)
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1966 Appointed the first Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at
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846:"DR. JULE G. CHARNEY IS DEAD AT 64; WORLDWIDE LEADER IN METEOROLOGY"
828:"Dr. Jule G. Charney is dead at 64; worldwide leader in meteorology"
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1116:
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669:"CurrĂculo do Sistema de CurrĂculos Lattes (Carlos Afonso Nobre)"
314:
Westerly Current” comprised the entire October 1947 issue of the
778:
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir of Jule Charney
420:
has been essentially unchanged for over four decades, e.g., the
310:
His Ph.D. dissertation, titled “The Dynamics of Long Waves in a
1764:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
288:
975:
875:"The Dynamics of Long Waves in a Baroclinic Westerly Current"
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10.1175/1520-0469(1947)004<0136:TDOLWI>2.0.CO;2
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304:
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798:"MIT Celebrates the Science of Jule Charney and Ed Lorenz"
749:"Biography of Jule Charney at American Geophysical Union"
499:
303:
Charney earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees at
257:(January 1, 1917 – June 16, 1981) was an American
1112:"Celebrating the Science of Jule Charney and Ed Lorenz"
838:
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This collective work paved the way for the founding of
1088:"MIT on Chaos and Climate: Jule Charney as Role Model"
994:
920:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
628:
Charney, Jule Gregory (2001). Shukla, Jagadish (ed.).
1003:"Carbon dioxide and climate: A scientific assessment"
730:. The World Academy of Sciences. 2016. Archived from
697:(PhD thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
424:(2007) says that "equilibrium climate sensitivity is
261:
who played an important role in developing numerical
230:(1984; advised by Peter Rhines after Charney's death)
1176:. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from
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1065:20.500.11820/c93d6f29-21a7-4481-aeac-d92649e394ab
1774:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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518:International Meteorological Organization Prize
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114:International Meteorological Organization Prize
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988:MIT Program in Atmospheres, Oceans and Climate
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872:
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1001:National Academy of Sciences (23 July 1979).
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948:"Remembering Some Early Computers, 1948-1960"
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307:, culminating in a Ph.D. in physics in 1946.
1769:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
1749:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients
1160:A to Z of Scientists in Weather and Climate
717:
632:. Hampton, Virginia: A. Deepak Publishing.
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1030:Santer, Benjamin D.; et al. (2019).
926:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302060
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657:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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1202:Guide to the Papers of Jule G. Charney
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343:quasi-geostrophic vorticity equations
149:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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380:Dynamic meteorology and oceanography
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1140:Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather
24:
982:Kelsey Tsipis (10 December 2018).
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693:Shepherd, Theodore Gordon (1984).
333:From 1947 to 1948, Charney held a
25:
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873:Charney, J. G. (1 October 1947).
796:Lauren Hinkel (31 October 2018).
522:World Meteorological Organization
489:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
454:Woods Hole Oceanography Institute
399:
109:Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
1124:from the original on 2021-12-13.
1100:from the original on 2021-12-13.
1012:. Woods Hole, MA. Archived from
984:"Charney Library Re-Opens Doors"
40:
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1023:
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907:
820:
804:. Cambridge, MA. Archived from
541:American Meteorological Society
493:American Meteorological Society
473:1937 Elected to Phi Beta Kappa.
957:. pp. 7–9. Archived from
661:
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293:Sidney Farber Cancer Institute
13:
1:
854:. New York City. 18 June 1981
602:Mathematics Genealogy Project
582:
516:1971 Awarded the prestigious
422:IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
1010:National Academy of Sciences
482:Royal Meteorological Society
452:, scientist emeritus at the
373:National Academy of Sciences
355:Institute for Advanced Study
353:In 1948, Charney joined the
349:Numerical weather prediction
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281:
7:
917:American National Biography
834:. 18 June 1981. p. 14.
567:Quasi-geostrophic equations
550:
238:Other notable students
10:
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1245:John von Neumann Lecturers
1174:"Winners of the IMO Prize"
533:American Geophysical Union
1251:
1056:10.1038/s41558-019-0424-x
653:Nobre, Carlos A. (1983).
406:National Research Council
335:National Research Council
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56:San Francisco, California
48:
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955:Columbia University EPIC
1744:American meteorologists
1042:(March 2019): 180–182.
932:(subscription required)
511:Smithsonian Institution
1584:George C. Papanicolaou
1488:R. Tyrrell Rockafellar
879:Journal of Meteorology
462:
390:baroclinic instability
316:Journal of Meteorology
242:Bhupendra Nath Goswami
1036:Nature Climate Change
545:Jule G. Charney Award
543:annual presents the "
458:
440:Centenary celebration
104:Guggenheim Fellowship
79:Boston, Massachusetts
1672:Bernard J. Matkowsky
1656:Jennifer Tour Chayes
1138:Schneider, Stephen.
964:on December 12, 2006
598:Jule Gregory Charney
562:Edward Norton Lorenz
255:Jule Gregory Charney
34:Jule Gregory Charney
1680:Charles F. Van Loan
1448:Jacques-Louis Lions
1180:on 22 November 2015
1048:2019NatCC...9..180S
891:1947JAtS....4..136C
737:on 9 November 2022.
529:William Bowie Medal
418:climate sensitivity
119:William Bowie Medal
1688:Margaret H. Wright
1576:Jerrold E. Marsden
1520:Olga Ladyzhenskaya
1392:Kurt O. Friedrichs
1336:James H. Wilkinson
1207:2016-10-23 at the
1019:on 13 August 2011.
851:The New York Times
328:Carl-Gustav Rossby
295:at the age of 64.
263:weather prediction
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1288:Solomon Lefschetz
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802:The Lorenz Center
673:CurrĂculos Lattes
527:1976 Awarded the
505:1969 Awarded the
487:1964 Awarded the
478:Symons Gold Medal
476:1961 Awarded the
468:Honors and awards
322:Career and legacy
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167:Doctoral students
129:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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359:John von Neumann
156:Doctoral advisor
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27:US meteorologist
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808:on 3 April 2019
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204:Jagadish Shukla
186:James R. Holton
180:Joseph Pedlosky
174:Conway B. Leovy
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87:Alma mater
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81:, United States
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52:January 1, 1917
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67:June 16, 1981
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1704:Chi-Wang Shu
1664:Donald Knuth
1632:John M. Ball
1592:Nancy Kopell
1544:David Donoho
1504:Carl de Boor
1480:Andrew Majda
1432:JĂĽrgen Moser
1352:Jule Charney
1351:
1256:Lars Ahlfors
1182:. Retrieved
1178:the original
1168:
1159:
1139:
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1035:
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1014:the original
1009:
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966:. Retrieved
959:the original
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856:. Retrieved
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276:chaos theory
268:
254:
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228:Ted Shepherd
222:Carlos Nobre
145:Institutions
128:
1759:1981 deaths
1754:1917 births
1720:Yousef Saad
1712:Leah Keshet
1552:Eric Lander
812:12 February
139:Meteorology
1738:Categories
1272:Jean Leray
1184:8 December
968:2006-12-12
759:2011-07-11
583:References
341:Charney's
312:Baroclinic
71:1981-06-17
1368:René Thom
1320:Peter Lax
577:Eric Eady
299:Education
282:Biography
244:(postdoc)
210:Inez Fung
198:Mark Cane
1264:Mark Kac
1205:Archived
1122:Archived
1098:Archived
1074:91464687
946:(2006).
711:12621534
551:See also
1117:YouTube
1093:YouTube
1044:Bibcode
887:Bibcode
600:at the
531:of the
520:by the
509:of the
491:of the
480:of the
291:at the
69: (
1723:(2023)
1715:(2022)
1707:(2021)
1699:(2020)
1691:(2019)
1683:(2018)
1675:(2017)
1667:(2016)
1659:(2015)
1651:(2014)
1643:(2013)
1635:(2012)
1627:(2011)
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1611:(2009)
1603:(2008)
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1523:(1998)
1515:(1997)
1507:(1996)
1499:(1994)
1491:(1992)
1483:(1990)
1475:(1989)
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1451:(1986)
1443:(1985)
1435:(1984)
1427:(1983)
1419:(1982)
1411:(1981)
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1387:(1978)
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1371:(1976)
1363:(1975)
1355:(1974)
1347:(1971)
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1323:(1968)
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1299:(1965)
1291:(1964)
1283:(1963)
1275:(1962)
1267:(1961)
1259:(1960)
1072:
930:
858:7 June
709:
678:24 May
636:
426:likely
289:Boston
218:(1978)
212:(1977)
206:(1976)
200:(1975)
194:(1971)
188:(1964)
182:(1963)
176:(1963)
135:Fields
97:Awards
1070:S2CID
1017:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
962:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
1186:2015
860:2016
814:2019
707:OCLC
680:2024
634:ISBN
539:The
366:NOAA
305:UCLA
91:UCLA
64:Died
49:Born
1060:hdl
1052:doi
922:doi
895:doi
699:hdl
500:MIT
1740::
1148:^
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784:^
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608:^
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278:.
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