602:
4146:
413:
1978:
33:
2913:
405:
1990:
344:
2075:
appointed him to the ministry of foreign affairs and in the following
November, Polignac became president of the council, effectively the most powerful politician in France. His appointment was considered a step towards overthrowing the constitution and Polignac, with other ministers, was held
2140:
From his second marriage to Maria-Charlotte
Parkyns, daughter of Lord Rancliffe, Jules de Polignac had fathered seven children, including Prince Ludovic de Polignac (1827–1904), a lieutenant-colonel in the French Army who participated in the colonization of
450:
in 1789, Jules's mother and her circle were forced to flee abroad due to threats against their lives. She had been one of the most consistent supporters of absolutism, and she bequeathed these political sympathies to her son following her death in 1793.
2136:
and received a ÂŁ15,765 payment at the time (worth ÂŁ1.89 million in 2024). Although a French subject, de
Polignac had connections in the British Empire due to his Scottish wife, Barbara Campbell (1788–1819), daughter of Duncan Campbell of Ardnave.
459:
Jules married twice. He was married firstly, in 1816, at London to
Barbara Campbell (Ardneaves House, Islay 22 Aug. 1788 – Saint-Mandé 23 May 1819), a young Scotswoman, who later returned with him to France, with whom he had two children:
2714:. He predeceased his father Sir Thomas Parkyns, 3rd Bt (1728–1806) and was succeeded in the barony of Rancliffe 1800 by his son George Augustus Anne, who became 4th Bt in 1806. The second Baron Rancliffe died 1850 without issue.
553:. He married twice: by his first marriage, he had one daughter; by his second marriage, he had two daughters and one son, Prince Victor de Polignac (1899–1998). He has issue and descendants through his eldest daughter.
2168:
Jules died at St. Germain in 1847 from the effects of his imprisonment. About one month prior, he had assumed the title of duc de
Polignac upon the death of his older brother, Armand, who had died without children.
4513:
571:
The couple's marriage was annulled by the French
Chamber of Peers, but Jules and Charlotte went to England after his release in 1836, and they renewed their vows before the French consul in 1837.
495:
He had met her while she was renewing her passport at the London embassy, where he was the
Ambassador (1823–1829). They had five children, two of whom were born while their father was in prison:
2354:
439:. Due to his mother's privileged position, the young Jules was raised in the environment of the court of Versailles, where his family occupied a luxurious suite of thirteen rooms. His sister,
5710:
5685:
2108:
2068:. There is little historical evidence for this story, however. There is no mention of such motivation in Polignac's personal memoirs or in the memoirs of the Restoration court.
2103:(1832). Afterwards, he spent several years in exile in England before being permitted to re-enter France, on condition that he never again take up his abode in Paris.
510:
the same year. He married Jeanne Emilie Mirès (called Amelie by Kahan) and had one daughter. He died some time after a very public trial exonerated his father-in-law
4493:
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4703:
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4538:
4105:
3028:
4333:
4448:
4791:
4483:
4473:
4265:
2662:
2037:, Jules continued in his zealous loyalty to the exiled Royal Family. In 1804, a year after his sister's death, Jules was implicated in the conspiracy of
471:
After his first wife's death in 1819, he married in London, on 3 June 1824, Charlotte, comtesse de
Choiseul, widow of comte Cesar de Choiseul (d. 1821),
443:, was married to the duc de Guîche at a young age, helping to cement the Polignac family's position as one of the leaders of high society at Versailles.
104:
4249:
2049:, he was rewarded with various honours and positions. He held various offices, received from the Pope his title of "Prince," in 1820, and in 1823, King
4453:
4458:
2183:
of the
Polignac family, which has the comital rank only. Pierre was the youngest son, descended from the youngest son of the first Duke of Polignac.
4443:
2020:
1292:
4543:
4753:
2146:
1184:
542:
314:
5408:
3753:
1234:
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4393:
2748:
2724:
1562:
4533:
4919:
4566:
4098:
3021:
2933:
2928:
2784:
See Kahan p.11 According to Kahan, Jules was allowed conjugal visits from his wife, and thus his last two sons were conceived in prison.
2132:, paid from the public budget (formally ending in 2015). de Polignac was associated with three different claims, he owned 628 slaves in
4363:
3242:
5660:
2064:
At the time, it was rumoured that
Polignac supported ultra-royalist policies because he thought he was receiving inspiration from the
1506:
4909:
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4698:
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151:
85:
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4091:
3014:
1264:
1070:
4388:
4675:
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4197:
2793:
1962:
4771:
4680:
4373:
5040:
4629:
4319:
3131:
2013:
1424:
479:(Maria) Charlotte Parkyns (St. Marylebone, 6 Jan. 1792 – 1/2 Sep. 1864). She was the youngest child (of six children) of
4723:
4523:
4503:
4408:
3214:
3194:
2095:. At his trial before the Chamber of Peers, he was condemned and sentenced to 'perpetual' imprisonment at the château in
1722:
1389:
1000:
480:
139:
464:
Prince Armand (1817–1890), later 4th duc de Polignac; he has male-line descendants to date who bear the principal title.
5675:
4576:
4403:
4283:
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4202:
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1604:
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4176:
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2133:
2099:. But he benefited by the amnesty of 1836, when his sentence was commuted to exile. During his captivity, he wrote
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2006:
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1020:
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4114:
3045:
965:
907:
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4528:
5705:
5695:
5080:
4743:
4548:
2053:
made him ambassador to Great Britain. A year later, his mother's former friend ascended the throne as King
1777:
1649:
1085:
642:
4478:
2124:. The British Government took out a ÂŁ15 million loan (worth ÂŁ1.8 billion in 2024) with interest from
4342:
4288:
3126:
2121:
1784:
1599:
1050:
940:
870:
428:
328:
3881:
3078:
1274:
127:
5690:
5030:
4947:
3310:
3285:
2968:
2880:
2117:
1587:
1471:
1322:
1194:
4962:
4942:
4924:
4904:
4884:
2218:
8. Scipion Sidoine Apolinaire Gaspard Armand (XX) de Polignac, Viscount Polignac, Marquis of Chalencon
1374:
5499:
5481:
3929:
3315:
2862:
2158:
2113:
1708:
1679:
1644:
1552:
556:
524:
in 1851 and pursued a military career. He married in 1874 Gabriele, Princess von Croy, with no issue.
318:
5624:
5388:
5320:
4713:
3733:
3660:
3204:
1943:
1399:
5700:
4065:
3325:
3290:
2958:
2179:
and therefore an ancestor of the entire current princely family) is descended from a different and
1933:
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727:
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73:
44:
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1100:
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5210:
5145:
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3450:
2125:
1772:
1619:
1302:
1214:
1105:
803:
5594:
5534:
5456:
4987:
3866:
990:
666:
5433:
4997:
4856:
4718:
3788:
3186:
1701:
1634:
1557:
1312:
782:
591:
432:
332:
1838:
601:
521:
503:
5584:
5574:
5491:
5012:
4889:
4874:
4864:
4786:
4776:
4558:
4145:
4004:
3979:
3934:
3906:
3272:
2176:
1923:
1639:
1456:
1145:
880:
838:
819:
732:
203:
5025:
4826:
4781:
4652:
4378:
3176:
3151:
2904:
The Life of John Stuart Mill, Michael St. John Packe, Capricorn Books Edition 1970, page 100
1817:
531:. She was born shortly before her father's incarceration as an Ultra. In 1848, she married
5670:
5650:
5645:
5549:
5090:
5065:
5050:
4934:
4894:
3999:
3395:
3370:
3345:
3330:
3320:
3300:
3280:
3229:
2681:
Michael St. John Packe, refers to Polignac as "rascally" in his "Life of John Stuart Mill".
2522:
1831:
1332:
1224:
1045:
917:
794:
621:
536:
528:
499:
304:
5564:
5514:
4957:
3068:
1511:
875:
440:
8:
5529:
5330:
5300:
5240:
5130:
5120:
4611:
4228:
4125:
3630:
3540:
3415:
2072:
2054:
1982:
1614:
1609:
1441:
1384:
902:
808:
647:
517:
385:
308:
65:
5350:
5340:
5305:
5255:
5175:
5075:
4029:
3984:
3695:
3650:
3635:
3585:
3555:
3490:
3355:
2057:. Polignac's political sympathies did not alter, and he was one of the most conspicuous
1824:
1672:
1466:
5614:
5524:
5045:
5035:
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4836:
4383:
4368:
3535:
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3262:
3166:
3156:
3121:
2825:
2711:
2154:
2034:
1928:
1876:
1852:
1756:
1694:
1352:
1342:
1254:
1130:
1040:
1035:
890:
885:
616:
550:
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5265:
4846:
4039:
4009:
3738:
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3625:
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2045:
to assassinate Bonaparte, and was imprisoned until 1813. After the restoration of the
1461:
1446:
1244:
1025:
520:
or "Louis" (1827–1904), born during his father's ambassadorship in London. He entered
5619:
5609:
4302:
4024:
4014:
3914:
3896:
3763:
3685:
3645:
3600:
3465:
2092:
1938:
1897:
1414:
1404:
1080:
945:
777:
560:
447:
424:
417:
381:
187:
179:
5569:
5195:
5155:
5135:
5105:
5095:
4992:
3886:
3610:
3430:
3237:
3199:
1883:
1065:
950:
511:
5589:
5509:
5471:
5205:
5190:
5170:
5140:
5125:
4423:
4398:
3924:
3665:
3655:
3505:
3111:
2990:
2858:
2150:
2129:
2046:
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2038:
1890:
1629:
1542:
1486:
1481:
1110:
1030:
960:
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546:
492:
488:
484:
436:
393:
97:
5290:
5060:
4350:
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3620:
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3570:
3530:
3340:
1436:
858:
183:
5539:
5451:
5441:
5418:
5280:
5270:
5250:
5245:
5225:
5220:
5180:
5150:
5110:
5070:
4113:
3891:
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3590:
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3550:
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3510:
3495:
3485:
3475:
3460:
3425:
3405:
3385:
3380:
3350:
2976:
2831:
2800:
2710:
He was son of Sir Thomas Parkyns, 4th Bt, and was created Baron Rancliffe in the
2162:
2087:
Upon the outbreak of revolt, he fled, wandering for some time among the wilds of
2081:
2077:
1747:
1738:
1715:
1537:
1496:
1431:
1379:
1204:
1140:
1095:
1060:
985:
975:
758:
628:
389:
364:
221:
5504:
5215:
5200:
3919:
3515:
3455:
3435:
3400:
3219:
3006:
1948:
1516:
412:
5604:
5579:
5446:
5335:
5235:
5185:
5160:
4841:
4821:
4811:
4801:
4581:
4358:
4244:
4049:
3964:
3959:
3944:
3939:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3801:
3675:
3640:
3161:
3146:
2836:
2832:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
2058:
1917:
1624:
1567:
1501:
1451:
1150:
1055:
1010:
980:
912:
767:
722:
657:
377:
231:
5599:
5559:
5476:
5100:
4311:
3989:
3841:
3831:
3806:
3768:
3375:
2116:, de Polignac was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the
1409:
1394:
1005:
5639:
5519:
5466:
5378:
5360:
5310:
5230:
5115:
4952:
4914:
4879:
4869:
4763:
4044:
3994:
3969:
3954:
3949:
3861:
3851:
3796:
3500:
3445:
3440:
3420:
3410:
3390:
3365:
3209:
3098:
2924:
2919:
1994:
1810:
1582:
1547:
1419:
1135:
1015:
995:
831:
772:
564:
211:
3856:
2751:
Genealogy of Charlotte de Polignac, nee Parkyns, retrieved 24 December 2012.
1572:
32:
5554:
5544:
5398:
5383:
5370:
5355:
5345:
5315:
5285:
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4498:
4019:
3743:
3728:
3715:
3700:
3670:
3615:
3480:
3295:
2180:
1765:
1155:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1090:
1075:
922:
824:
690:
502:(1826–1863), born during his father's ambassadorship in London. He entered
5423:
3778:
3690:
3680:
970:
697:
5461:
5325:
5165:
5085:
5020:
4034:
3871:
3846:
3360:
3335:
3305:
2065:
2050:
1955:
865:
751:
683:
678:
652:
285:
3876:
2096:
813:
787:
476:
2763:
In Search of New Scales: Prince Edmond De Polignac, Octatonic Explorer
1866:
2794:"Modern Day Line from Charles Allanson Knight and Jessie Anne Ramsey"
1845:
739:
704:
69:
404:
2088:
1859:
895:
673:
637:
207:
2918:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2676:
Les femmes du XVIIIe siècle: La duchesse de Polignac et son temps
2142:
746:
2241:
4. Louis HĂ©racle Armand (XXI) de Polastron, Viscount of Polignac
483:(created 1795) and his wife Elizabeth Anne James, and sister of
2161:(1834–1901), a composer, musical theorist and proponent of the
559:(1834–1901), later a noted musician and composer, who married
1804:
5711:
Recipients of payments from the Slavery Abolition Act 1833
5686:
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration
527:
Princess Yolande (1830–1855), named after her grandmother
357:
Jules Auguste Armand Marie de Polignac, Count of Polignac
2749:"Maria Charlotte Parkyns (Parkins) 1792 – post 1824"
2175:, later Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois (father of
2881:"Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac | French statesman"
408:
Portrait of Jules de Polignac during the First Empire
368:; 14 May 1780 – 30 March 1847), then
2663:
List of Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom
3036:
2410:Jules de Polignac (1780–1847), Prince of Polignac
5637:
4341:
2859:"Prince Auguste Jules Armand Marie de Polignac"
2820:
2818:
2330:10. Jacques Hippolyte Mancini, Marquis Mancini
1563:National Centre of Independents & Peasants
1185:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
392:in 1830 that overthrew the senior line of the
4327:
4250:Charles Lemercier de Longpré, baron d'Haussez
4099:
3022:
2033:Returning to France, which was then ruled by
2014:
1235:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
2995:1 March 1847 – 30 March 1847
2937:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2815:
1953:
1782:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1720:
1706:
1692:
1670:
856:
829:
792:
756:
737:
688:
664:
626:
485:George Augustus Anne Parkyns, Lord Rancliffe
2498:13. Françoise de Mirmand, Countess Plaissan
2469:6. Count Jean François Gabriel de Polastron
529:Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchess of Polignac
4334:
4320:
4106:
4092:
3029:
3015:
2076:responsible for the decision to issue the
2021:
2007:
117:28 December 1822 – 4 January 1828
31:
2828:inflation figures are based on data from
2923:
2080:, which were the immediate cause of the
411:
403:
261: 1816; died 1819)
105:French Ambassador to the United Kingdom
16:Prime minister of France from 1829-1830
5638:
2557:14. René Herault, Seigneur of Fontaine
2538:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2311:
2209:
2205:
2147:Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac
1683:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)
454:
435:, a confidante and favourite of Queen
4315:
4087:
3010:
2875:
2873:
2829:
2609:15. Marie Marguerite Vieuxcourt Durey
2608:
2598:
2594:
2582:
2579:
2569:
2556:
2546:
2542:
2526:
2520:
2510:
2497:
2487:
2483:
2471:
2468:
2458:
2445:
2435:
2431:
2407:
2397:
2384:
2374:
2370:
2358:
2352:
2342:
2329:
2319:
2315:
2299:
2292:
2282:
2269:
2259:
2255:
2243:
2240:
2230:
2217:
2213:
1963:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau
363:
57:8 August 1829 – 29 July 1830
2725:"George Augustus Henry Anne PARKYNS"
2446:12. Count Jean Baptiste de Polastron
2149:(1832–1913), a major-general in the
545:(1832–1913), a major-general in the
384:. He served as prime minister under
376:in 1847, was a French statesman and
4266:Louis de Ghaisne, comte de Bourmont
2765:University of Rochester Press, 2009
2109:Legacies of British Slave-Ownership
1723:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire
481:Thomas Parkyns, 1st Baron Rancliffe
13:
4284:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
4224:Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier
4203:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
4182:Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel
2870:
1284:"The Future of the Intelligentsia"
467:Princess Seyna-Camille (1818–1833)
14:
5722:
1605:French Agrarian and Peasant Party
4208:Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet
4198:François-Régis de La Bourdonnaye
4177:Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol
4144:
2911:
2355:Diane Adélaide Zéphirine Mancini
2134:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1988:
1976:
600:
342:
4117:(8 August 1829 to 29 July 1830)
2898:
2851:
1688:Initiative and Liberty Movement
533:Sosthène II de La Rochefoucauld
427:, Jules was the younger son of
281:
258:
5681:Government ministers of France
5661:Politicians from ĂŽle-de-France
2806:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2754:
2742:
2717:
2704:
2693:
2195:Ancestors of Jules de Polignac
140:François-René de Chateaubriand
1:
4115:Ministry of Jules de Polignac
3038:Heads of government of France
2668:
2297:, Count then Duke of Polignac
399:
271:Charlotte Parkyns de Choiseul
2803:. Retrieved 25 December 2012
2061:during the Restoration era.
1650:Union for a Popular Movement
493:Sir William Rumbold, 3rd Bt.
7:
4343:Foreign Ministers of France
4289:Martial de Guernon-Ranville
2867:Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
2656:
2580:7. Jeanne Charlotte Herault
2385:11. Anne Louise de Noailles
2186:
2122:Slave Compensation Act 1837
429:Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac
329:Jules, 1st Duke of Polignac
152:Pierre de Montmorency-Laval
10:
5727:
2532:
2425:
2305:
2207:
2118:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
2091:before he was arrested at
1588:VIA, the Way of the People
1323:The Tears of the White Man
1195:The Genius of Christianity
86:Jean-Baptiste de Martignac
5676:Prime ministers of France
5490:
5432:
5407:
5369:
5011:
4933:
4855:
4762:
4689:
4666:
4643:
4610:
4557:
4349:
4297:
4274:
4258:
4237:
4216:
4190:
4169:
4157:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4058:
3905:
3787:
3752:
3714:
3271:
3251:
3228:
3185:
3097:
3044:
2997:
2988:
2982:
2975:
2965:
2956:
2952:The Viscount of Martignac
2948:
2943:
2863:University College London
2596:
2588:
2563:
2544:
2540:
2504:
2485:
2477:
2452:
2433:
2429:
2391:
2372:
2364:
2336:
2317:
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2159:Prince Edmond de Polignac
2114:University College London
2101:Considerations politiques
1709:Nouvelle Action Royaliste
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4066:Chief minister of France
2959:Prime Minister of France
2687:
2173:Comte Pierre de Polignac
1785:Service d'Action Civique
1275:EnquĂŞte sur la monarchie
1175:Considerations on France
728:Catholic social teaching
582:This article is part of
128:Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
45:Prime Minister of France
2934:Encyclopædia Britannica
2885:Encyclopedia Britannica
2830:Clark, Gregory (2017).
2799:19 October 2013 at the
2700:Encyclopædia Britannica
2126:Nathan Mayer Rothschild
2082:revolution of July 1830
1983:Conservatism portal
1773:Independent Republicans
1620:Independent Republicans
1303:Violence and the Sacred
1215:St Petersburg Dialogues
506:in 1849 and formulated
489:Henrietta, Lady Rumbold
5666:French Ultra-royalists
5656:People from Versailles
2270:9. Françoise de Mailly
1954:
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1558:Future with Confidence
1313:The Camp of the Saints
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593:Conservatism in France
433:Gabrielle de Polastron
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365:[ʒyldəpɔliɲak]
333:Gabrielle de Polastron
4072:Deputy Prime Minister
2177:Rainier III of Monaco
1944:Immigrant criminality
1924:Clerical philosophers
1640:Republican Federation
1293:The Reign of Quantity
966:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
881:Thermidorian Reaction
839:Traditional authority
643:Political Catholicism
508:Polignac's conjecture
491:(1789–1833), wife of
415:
407:
361:French pronunciation:
204:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
4275:Public Education and
4124:Head of state: King
2523:Yolande de Polastron
1934:French–German enmity
1333:The Tyranny of Guilt
1225:Democracy in America
918:Second French Empire
667:RĂ©volution nationale
537:Duke of Doudeauville
416:Coat of arms of the
374:3rd Duke of Polignac
284: 1824;
5706:French slave owners
5696:Princes of Polignac
4229:Jean de Chantelauze
4126:Charles X of France
2969:The Duke of Broglie
2729:genealogy.links.org
1839:La Nation française
1615:Movement for France
1610:French Social Party
1425:Political positions
1415:Le Pen (Jean-Marie)
1021:Fustel de Coulanges
908:Bourbon Restoration
903:Second White Terror
648:Christian democracy
455:Marriages and issue
5003:La Tour d'Auvergne
4691:Second Restoration
2985:Armand de Polignac
2944:Political offices
2826:Retail Price Index
2712:Peerage of Ireland
2295:Jules de Polastron
2155:American Civil War
2071:On 8 August 1829,
2035:Napoleon Bonaparte
1929:European New Right
1853:Le Figaro Magazine
1818:Famille chrétienne
1695:La Manif pour tous
1343:The French Suicide
941:Barbey d'Aurevilly
891:Companions of Jehu
886:First White Terror
733:Counter-revolution
617:French nationalism
551:American Civil War
421:
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388:, just before the
370:Prince of Polignac
5691:Dukes of Polignac
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5482:Couve de Murville
4739:Montmorency-Laval
4645:First Restoration
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4277:Religious Affairs
4238:Navy and Colonies
4163:Jules de Polignac
4151:Jules de Polignac
4138:Jules de Polignac
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2998:Succeeded by
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2106:According to the
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1995:France portal
1939:French Revolution
1898:Valeurs actuelles
1400:de La Tour du Pin
1255:What Is a Nation?
876:War in the Vendée
561:Winnaretta Singer
448:French Revolution
418:House of Polignac
380:politician after
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25:Jules de Polignac
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3195:Dupont de l'Eure
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2814:
2812:See Kahan p.13
2805:
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2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1918:Archeofuturism
1913:
1911:Related topics
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1884:Nouvelle École
1880:
1873:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1713:
1704:
1702:March for Life
1699:
1690:
1685:
1677:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Party of Order
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:National Rally
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:de Tocqueville
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
899:
898:
893:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
836:
827:
822:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
785:
780:
778:French culture
775:
770:
768:Ethnopluralism
765:
764:
763:
754:
744:
735:
730:
725:
723:Anti-communism
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
702:
701:
700:
695:
686:
681:
671:
662:
661:
660:
658:Ultramontanism
655:
650:
640:
635:
634:
633:
624:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
597:
596:
588:
587:
576:
573:
569:
568:
554:
543:Prince Camille
540:
525:
518:Prince Ludovic
515:
469:
468:
465:
456:
453:
401:
398:
382:the Revolution
378:ultra-royalist
372:, and briefly
352:
351:
348:
347:
340:
336:
335:
326:
322:
321:
298:
294:
293:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
267:
254:
250:
247:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
235:
234:
232:Ultra-royalist
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
201:(aged 66)
195:
191:
190:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
108:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
63:
59:
58:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5723:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:Sauvagnargues
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5457:Mendès France
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4935:Second Empire
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4764:July Monarchy
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Chateaubriand
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:L. Phélypeaux
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:Saint-Contest
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:R. Phélypeaux
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4351:Ancien RĂ©gime
4348:
4344:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:Chaban-Delmas
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Mendès France
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:A. de Broglie
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:A. de Broglie
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3253:Government of
3250:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3230:Second Empire
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:V. de Broglie
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:V. de Broglie
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3099:July Monarchy
3096:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3009:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2920:public domain
2901:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2678:(Paris, 1889)
2677:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2475:
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2466:
2465:
2462:
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2421:
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2411:
2405:
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2401:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2289:
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2019:
2017:
2012:
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2005:
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1996:
1986:
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1825:L'Écho du Sud
1822:
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1662:Organisations
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1583:Soyons libres
1581:
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1576:
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1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
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1548:French Future
1546:
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1526:
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1051:de La Mennais
1049:
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935:Intellectuals
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869:
867:
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861:
860:
859:Ancien RĂ©gime
855:
854:
848:
847:
840:
837:
834:
833:
832:Souverainisme
828:
826:
823:
821:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
797:
796:
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790:
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773:Family values
771:
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581:
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566:
565:mariage blanc
562:
558:
557:Prince Edmond
555:
552:
548:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:Polytechnique
519:
516:
513:
509:
505:
504:Polytechnique
501:
498:
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486:
482:
478:
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366:
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349:
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341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
320:
316:
310:
306:
302:Seyna-Camille
299:
295:
287:
266:
265:
243:
242:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
218:Resting place
216:
213:
209:
205:
196:
192:
189:
185:
184:ĂŽle-de-France
181:
169:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
144:
141:
138:
132:
129:
126:
120:
114:
109:
106:
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90:
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84:
78:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
5595:Alliot-Marie
5585:Douste-Blazy
5371:Vichy France
5331:Paul-Boncour
5301:Paul-Boncour
4748:
4734:La Ferronays
4676:Caulaincourt
4668:Hundred Days
4635:Caulaincourt
4612:First Empire
4567:Lebrun-Tondu
4549:Sainte-Croix
4298:Public Works
4162:
4150:
4137:
3716:Vichy France
3631:Paul-Boncour
3088:
2989:
2957:
2932:
2909:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2835:
2808:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:
2719:
2706:
2695:
2684:
2675:
2409:
2181:cadet branch
2171:
2167:
2139:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2086:
2070:
2063:
2032:
1916:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1766:Croix-de-Feu
1730:
1729:
1665:
1593:
1592:
1532:
1492:de La Rocque
1476:
1351:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1273:
1263:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
923:Vichy France
825:Social order
804:Metapolitics
795:Restauration
691:Maurrassisme
570:
563:in a famous
472:
470:
458:
445:
422:
373:
369:
356:
355:
199:(1847-03-02)
197:2 March 1847
147:Succeeded by
123:Appointed by
112:
93:Succeeded by
52:
18:
5671:Legitimists
5651:1847 deaths
5646:1780 births
5515:Bettencourt
5409:Provisional
4890:Tocqueville
4484:É. Choiseul
4479:C. Choiseul
4474:É. Choiseul
4384:Bouthillier
3754:Provisional
3046:Restoration
2775:Kahan, p 26
2734:25 December
2153:during the
2066:Virgin Mary
2051:Louis XVIII
1956:Sinistrisme
1949:Remigration
1507:de Vaublanc
1477:de Polignac
1385:Cathelineau
1369:Politicians
1046:de Jouvenel
1041:Houellebecq
1036:de Gobineau
866:Monarchiens
783:Imperialism
752:Meritocracy
679:Bonapartism
653:Integralism
549:during the
512:Jules Mirès
177:14 May 1780
135:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
5640:Categories
5530:Guiringaud
5411:Government
5046:Waddington
5041:Banneville
5031:A. Broglie
4978:La Valette
4968:La Valette
4832:Montebello
4817:V. Broglie
4797:V. Broglie
4792:SĂ©bastiani
4699:Talleyrand
4658:Talleyrand
4620:Talleyrand
4602:Talleyrand
4592:Talleyrand
4544:Dubouchage
3756:Government
3536:Clemenceau
3471:Clemenceau
3326:Waddington
3316:Rochebouët
3054:Talleyrand
2963:1829–1830
2669:Literature
1600:Feuillants
1573:ReconquĂŞte
1512:de Villèle
1487:Retailleau
1353:Submission
1168:Literature
1131:de Rivarol
1111:Peyrefitte
1106:d'Ornellas
1081:de Maistre
991:Brunetière
961:de Benoist
814:Patriotism
788:Monarchism
717:Principles
684:Legitimism
611:Ideologies
477:Honourable
425:Versailles
400:Early life
180:Versailles
173:1780-05-14
5241:Millerand
5206:Doumergue
5196:Bourgeois
5191:Doumergue
5156:Bourgeois
5136:Bourgeois
5131:Berthelot
5091:Freycinet
5076:Fallières
5066:Freycinet
5051:Freycinet
4958:Thouvenel
4865:Lamartine
4754:Mortemart
4709:Dessolles
4625:Champagny
4587:Delacroix
4572:Deforgues
4539:Chambonas
4529:Dumouriez
4519:Montmorin
4509:Montmorin
4504:Vergennes
4494:Aiguillon
4454:Puisieulx
4434:Chauvelin
4074:(defunct)
4025:Cazeneuve
3980:Bérégovoy
3915:De Gaulle
3897:De Gaulle
3764:De Gaulle
3686:Chautemps
3656:Doumergue
3646:Chautemps
3601:Chautemps
3541:Millerand
3506:Doumergue
3431:Bourgeois
3396:Freycinet
3371:Freycinet
3356:Fallières
3346:Freycinet
3331:Freycinet
3205:Cavaignac
3084:Martignac
3074:Richelieu
3064:Dessolles
3059:Richelieu
2145:; Prince
2120:with the
2093:Granville
2073:Charles X
2055:Charles X
1871:(Defunct)
1846:Le Figaro
1405:de Gaulle
1380:de Bonald
1265:The Crowd
1101:d'Orcival
976:de Bonald
946:Bainville
896:Muscadins
871:Feuillant
740:Dirigisme
705:Sarkozysm
698:Orléanism
386:Charles X
339:Signature
325:Parent(s)
113:In office
70:Louis XIX
66:Charles X
53:In office
5625:Séjourné
5615:Le Drian
5590:Kouchner
5575:Villepin
5565:Charette
5540:Cheysson
5510:Schumann
5379:Baudouin
5361:Baudouin
5351:Daladier
5341:Daladier
5306:Daladier
5261:Lefebvre
5256:Poincaré
5211:Delcassé
5176:Poincaré
5146:Delcassé
5141:Hanotaux
5126:Hanotaux
5096:Flourens
5061:Gambetta
4993:Ollivier
4973:Moustier
4948:Walewski
4900:La Hitte
4895:Rayneval
4749:Polignac
4744:Portalis
4714:Pasquier
4653:Laforest
4597:Reinhard
4514:Vauguyon
4449:Argenson
4444:Noailles
4439:Chaillou
4429:Morville
4419:Huxelles
4404:Pomponne
4389:Chavigny
4364:Villeroy
4191:Interior
4030:Philippe
4005:Villepin
4000:Raffarin
3985:Balladur
3925:Pompidou
3892:Pflimlin
3887:Gaillard
3837:Queuille
3827:Queuille
3817:Queuille
3797:Ramadier
3696:Daladier
3666:Bouisson
3651:Daladier
3636:Daladier
3586:Poincaré
3571:Painlevé
3556:Poincaré
3531:Painlevé
3491:Poincaré
3486:Caillaux
3341:Gambetta
3238:Ollivier
3215:Hautpoul
3112:Laffitte
3089:Polignac
2929:Polignac
2797:Archived
2657:See also
2187:Ancestry
2089:Normandy
2047:Bourbons
2043:Pichegru
2039:Cadoudal
1860:Le Point
1832:La Croix
1811:Éléments
1778:Hussards
1482:Pompidou
1467:Poincaré
1457:PĂ©cresse
1447:Maréchal
1442:MacMahon
1205:The Pope
1151:Veuillot
1066:Lemaître
1061:Lefebvre
986:Bruckner
809:Nativism
674:Royalism
638:Gaullism
622:Integral
584:a series
423:Born in
305:Alphonse
297:Children
286:annulled
208:Yvelines
62:Monarchs
5620:Colonna
5610:Ayrault
5580:Barnier
5570:VĂ©drine
5550:Raimond
5452:Bidault
5447:Schuman
5442:Bidault
5419:Bidault
5389:Flandin
5356:Reynaud
5346:Reynaud
5321:Flandin
5311:Barthou
5296:Herriot
5291:Tardieu
5276:Herriot
5266:Herriot
5246:Leygues
5231:Barthou
5216:Viviani
5201:Viviani
5181:Jonnart
5151:Rouvier
5116:Develle
5106:Spuller
5071:Duclerc
5036:Decazes
5026:RĂ©musat
4998:Gramont
4953:Baroche
4915:Baroche
4910:Brénier
4880:Bastide
4870:Bastide
4807:Bresson
4777:Jourdan
4630:Bassano
4534:Naillac
4524:Lessart
4464:Rouillé
4409:Croissy
4394:Brienne
4374:Sillery
4217:Justice
4170:Finance
4059:Related
4050:Barnier
4015:Ayrault
3975:Cresson
3940:Messmer
3822:Bidault
3812:Schuman
3802:Schuman
3774:Bidault
3734:Flandin
3701:Reynaud
3676:Sarraut
3661:Flandin
3641:Sarraut
3626:Herriot
3621:Tardieu
3606:Tardieu
3596:Tardieu
3581:Herriot
3566:Herriot
3546:Leygues
3516:Viviani
3501:Barthou
3466:Sarrien
3461:Rouvier
3441:Brisson
3386:Floquet
3381:Rouvier
3366:Brisson
3351:Duclerc
3321:Dufaure
3301:Dufaure
3281:Dufaure
3220:Faucher
3137:Mortier
3079:Villèle
3069:Decazes
2922::
2890:25 June
2143:Algeria
2112:at the
1867:Présent
1757:Civitas
1731:Defunct
1594:Defunct
1529:Parties
1517:Zemmour
1502:Schuman
1497:Sarkozy
1472:Poisson
1452:Messmer
1437:Malraux
1432:Maurras
1375:Bellamy
1121:Raspail
1096:Maurras
1076:Madiran
1071:Le Play
1026:Dumézil
981:Boutang
956:Barruel
851:History
747:Elitism
315:Camille
312:Yolande
309:Ludovic
290:
278:
274:
263:
255:
251:
238:Spouses
74:Henry V
5605:Fabius
5520:Jobert
5477:Pleven
5472:Pineau
5394:Darlan
5336:Bonnet
5326:Delbos
5281:Briand
5271:Briand
5251:Briand
5236:Pichon
5221:Briand
5186:Pichon
5171:Selves
5166:Cruppi
5161:Pichon
5101:Goblet
4920:Turgot
4875:Bedeau
4847:Guizot
4842:Thiers
4822:Thiers
4787:Maison
4772:Bignon
4681:Bignon
4582:Herman
4577:Goujon
4499:Bertin
4469:Bernis
4424:Dubois
4399:Lionne
4035:Castex
4010:Fillon
3995:Jospin
3970:Rocard
3965:Chirac
3960:Fabius
3955:Mauroy
3945:Chirac
3877:Mollet
3862:Laniel
3842:Pleven
3832:Pleven
3739:Darlan
3724:PĂ©tain
3706:PĂ©tain
3591:Briand
3576:Briand
3551:Briand
3521:Briand
3496:Briand
3476:Briand
3456:Combes
3436:MĂ©line
3401:Loubet
3391:Tirard
3376:Goblet
3296:Buffet
3291:Cissey
3263:Trochu
3210:Barrot
3172:Guizot
3162:Thiers
3147:Thiers
3127:GĂ©rard
3117:Perier
2916:
2157:; and
1877:Minute
1666:Active
1533:Active
1462:PĂ©tain
1395:Ciotti
1357:(2015)
1347:(2014)
1337:(2006)
1327:(1983)
1317:(1973)
1307:(1972)
1297:(1945)
1287:(1905)
1279:(1900)
1269:(1895)
1259:(1882)
1249:(1864)
1239:(1855)
1229:(1835)
1219:(1821)
1209:(1819)
1199:(1802)
1189:(1797)
1179:(1796)
1091:Massis
1056:Le Bon
1031:Guénon
1016:Freund
1006:Daudet
996:Carrel
951:Barrès
818:
575:Career
431:, and
319:Edmond
300:Armand
212:France
5600:Juppé
5560:Juppé
5555:Dumas
5545:Dumas
5505:Debré
5467:Pinay
5462:Faure
5399:Laval
5384:Laval
5316:Laval
5286:Laval
5226:Ribot
5111:Ribot
5086:Ferry
5021:Favre
4837:Soult
4812:Rigny
4802:Rigny
4729:Damas
4414:Torcy
4359:Revol
4045:Attal
4040:Borne
4020:Valls
3990:Juppé
3950:Barre
3920:Debré
3872:Faure
3857:Mayer
3852:Pinay
3847:Faure
3807:Marie
3769:Gouin
3744:Laval
3729:Laval
3671:Laval
3616:Laval
3611:Steeg
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