624:
The inspectors planned to visit
Nagorno Karabakh via Armenia, and had arranged transport to facilitate this. However, on August 28, the head of the Azerbaijani delegation to PACE released a demand that the inspectors must enter Nagorno Karabakh via Azerbaijan. On August 29, PACE Secretary General Mateo Sorinas announced that the visit had to be cancelled because of the difficulty in accessing Nagorno Karabagh using the route required by Azerbaijan. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Armenia issued a statement saying that Azerbaijan had stopped the visit "due solely to their intent to veil the demolition of Armenian monuments in Nakhijevan".
75:
1672:
616:"condemns strongly the destruction of the Julfa cemetery as well as the destruction of all sites of historical importance that has taken place on Armenian or Azerbaijani territory, and condemns any such action that seeks to destroy cultural heritage." In 2006, Azerbaijan barred the European Parliament from inspecting and examining the ancient site, stating that by passing the previously mentioned resolution the Parliament had committed a hostile act against Azerbaijan. The
348:
141:
2083:
554:
82:
580:'s investigations at the cemetery from 1971 to 1973, there were, either upright or fallen, 462 khachkars on the first cemetery hill, 1,672 khachkars on the second, and 573 on the third. In addition to these khachkars, there were in the same cemetery more than a thousand ram-shaped, gabled, or flat tombstones. An additional 250 khachkars were counted in the cemetery of the nearby
565:(one on the Iranian side of the border), the walls of a fortress, and several Armenian churches. The most notable remnant from old Julfa was the town's huge Armenian cemetery, located to the west of the ruined city, on three low hills divided by small valleys. It contained the largest surviving collection of Armenian
623:
After several more postponed visits, a renewed attempt was planned by
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) inspectors for August 29 - September 6, 2007, led by British MP Edward O'Hara. As well as Nakhchivan, the delegation would visit Baku, Yerevan, Tbilisi, and Nagorno Karabakh.
599:
Between 1998 and 2006 the entire cemetery was destroyed. The various stages of the destruction process were documented by photographic and video evidence taken from the
Iranian side of the border. However, the government and state officials of Azerbaijan have denied that any destruction has taken
1028:Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 г. "Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г.", Санкт-Петербург, 1905, стр. 53
344:, and North-West Europe. An English preacher who passed through the town in 1600 estimated its population to be about 10,000 people. Unlike other Armenian cities, Julfa does not seem to have experienced significant hardship before its destruction and the deportation of its population in 1605.
415:
About three thousand families were deported from Julfa, and many drowned while attempting to cross the Aras. After the deportation was completed, the town was destroyed by fire to prevent the inhabitants from returning. The deportees were taken to an area near
409:
like thunder from the sky... We left houses full of goods, the herds in the fields ... the entire population was turned out of their land ... how many were pushed out at the point of swords and spears ... their moans and groans reaching the
336:. For a time, Julfa was one of the most important settlements in medieval Armenia. It became prosperous in the 15th and 16th centuries due to the role it played in international trade, as it was located along the ancient trade routes from
573:, who wrote that during his visit in 1648 he saw over ten thousand tombstones. However, a large number of the stones were destroyed during the construction of the railway line to Julfa early in the 20th century.
293:) in Armenian. The modern-day town of Julfa is located a few kilometers east of the ruins of the historical settlement of Julfa/Jugha, which are situated on a rocky strip of land in between the left bank of the
584:
monastery and in other parts of the city site. The number of khachkars and ram-shaped tombstones buried in the earth or in fragments, in the main cemetery and elsewhere, was estimated to be more than 1,400.
383:
to prevent its wealth and population falling into
Ottoman hands. In October 1605, the Shah issued an edict declaring that the entire population of Julfa must leave their homes and move deep into the
640:
produced works based on the event. The emotions raised as a result of the destruction of the graveyard in 2006 indicates that the fate of Julfa still resonates within contemporary
Armenian society.
600:
place, stating that "an
Armenian cemetery never existed on the site and that Armenians have never lived in Julfa". Azerbaijan has, to date, refused to allow investigators access to the site. The
539:
from 1988 to 1994, the remaining
Armenian population (which had been slowly declining due to emigration during the Soviet era) was either evacuated or was forcibly deported to Armenia.
1205:
450:. At the start of the 19th century, this settlement moved to a new location three kilometres to the east of the historical town, at the point where the Alinja River flows into the
1703:
269:
Both the absolute minimum temperature (−33 °C or −27.4 °F) and the absolute maximum temperature (46 °C or 114.8 °F) were observed in Julfa (and also in
632:
The sudden and dramatic downfall of Old Julfa in the 17th century made a deep and lasting impression on
Armenian society and culture. During the 19th century, poets such
1738:
1696:
1230:
103:
401:
1404:
1441:
1689:
1427:
506:
1038:
462:
in 1828, the village of Julfa became the official border crossing between Persia and Russia as the former was forced to cede its last remaining
2515:
569:
tombstones, most dating to the 15th and 16th centuries. One of the earliest references to the site is that of the French Jesuit missionary
2510:
865:
375:
and was seen as a liberator by its
Armenian population. However, Abbas had realized that he was unable to defend the territory along the
1263:
325:
migrated to Julfa after the former's destruction, leading to the misconception that Julfa was founded after the destruction of Ani.
1514:
17:
1489:
Documents the destruction of thousands of ancient
Armenian headstones by the Azerbaijani authorities in Julfa (Jugha), Nakhchivan.
891:
1108:
813:
364:
756:
1720:
1712:
165:
153:
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913:
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the remains of the medieval settlement included a massive ruined bridge, two large
455:
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c. 1602 and 1503, removed from the Julfa graveyard before its destruction and now on display within the precincts of
74:
1480:
1292:
1845:
982:
2491:
745:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, by Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Union académique internationale - 1960- p. 275
498:
302:
244:
158:
1983:
1507:
796:
792:
1450:
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1951:
1244:
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263:
332:, it grew into a town between the 10th and 13th centuries, with a population that was almost entirely
2304:
1596:
1312:"Pace Mission to Monitor Cultural Monuments", S. Agayeva, Trend News Agency, Azerbaijan, Aug 22 2007.
961:
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494:
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reported on April 19, 2006, that "there is nothing left of the celebrated stone crosses of Jugha."
400:, the edict stated that they had three days to leave or face being massacred. Another eyewitness,
1500:
1055:
557:
A photograph taken in 1915 by Aram Vruyr showing part of the medieval Armenian cemetery of Julfa.
843:
435:
In 1606, the second deportation was made of inhabitants that had escaped the first deportation.
1389:
1141:
1137:
838:
525:
31:
428:, was established. New Julfa is now a district of Esfahan and is the modern-day centre of the
482:
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was founded amid the ruins of the destroyed town, which, in 1747, became part of the Iranian
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2139:
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1621:
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608:
World Heritage Convention. According to its resolution regarding cultural monuments in the
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8:
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1445:
1271:
983:"Словарь современных географических названий. Статьи на букву "Д" (часть 2, "ДЕШ"-"ДНЕ")"
613:
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from incursions by the Ottomans. His solution was to evacuate the region, undertaking a
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1914:
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723:
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318:
259:
1181:"Will the arrested minister become new leader of opposition? Azerbaijani press digest"
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822:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Yerevan: Yerevan State University. pp. 426–427.
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1405:"ICOMOS Heritage at Risk 2006/2007: Destruction of the Armenian Cemetery at Djulfa"
870:
690:
536:
517:
493:, between 1918 and 1920 Julfa was the subject of a territorial dispute between the
429:
397:
2391:
910:
759:. Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan Republic. Archived from
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2217:
2072:
2037:
2027:
2021:
1988:
1966:
1941:
1931:
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911:Армяно-Иранские связи в эпоху правления шаха Аббаса Первого. Родионова Е. М. 2007
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1245:"Texts adopted - Cultural heritage in Azerbaijan - Thursday, 16 February 2006"
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giving response of Azerbaijan to reports of the destruction of the cemetery.
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territories, containing state customs services, a garrison and post office.
2386:
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972:
Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha and Armenian Studies, By Michael E. Stone, p. 810
562:
529:
521:
451:
391:
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255:
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1163:"Armenica: Destruction of Armenian Khatchkars in Old Jougha (Nakhichevan)"
347:
2423:
2361:
2190:
2117:
2107:
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and Dickran Kouymjian. "Julfa on the Arax and Its Funerary Monuments" in
1365:
581:
356:
329:
2339:
2314:
1556:
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formally called on Azerbaijan to stop the demolition as a breach of the
485:
in 1897 Julfa was a village with a population of 763, of which 751 were
719:
447:
376:
321:
wrote that some of the inhabitants of the medieval Armenian capital of
248:
146:
2334:
2207:
1451:
Azerbaijani vandalism against Armenian cultural monuments in Old Julfa
812:
Hakobyan, T. Kh.; Melik-Bakhshyan, St. T.; Barseghyan, H. Kh. (1998).
535:
During the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the status of
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2180:
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486:
425:
198:
2412:
2406:
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2112:
1109:"World Watches In Silence As Azerbaijan Wipes Out Armenian Culture"
953:
951:
949:
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463:
352:
310:
1661:
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1601:
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266:. The two towns are linked by a road bridge and a railway bridge.
2440:
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2185:
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2149:
2144:
1492:
1402:
1321:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Press Release 29-08-2007.
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417:
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in the Armenian tradition). The 18th-century Armenian Catholicos
270:
946:
2435:
2429:
2356:
2324:
2165:
1646:
1636:
1571:
1412:
605:
337:
203:
1375:Études Arméniennes/Armenian Studies In Memoriam Haig Berberian
706:Ջուղայ using pre-reform spelling. Sometimes transliterated as
2366:
2299:
1483:
by a reporter who did not actually visit the graveyard site.
297:
and a steep mountain range. The medieval Armenian historian
2376:
2097:
1019:, K. Patakanian, St. Petersburg, 1884, page 6 (in Armenian)
820:
Dictionary of toponymy of Armenian and adjacent territories
421:
1711:
340:, the Middle East, South-East Asia, India, to Russia, the
309:, using prisoners he took after defeating the Median king
322:
1462:
896:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Sovetakan grogh. Archived from
1011:
Quotes are from the English translation in Aivazian's
815:
Hayastani ev harakitsʻ shrjanneri teghanunneri baṛaran
1471:
by Azeri soldiers captured in photos and movie clips.
27:
City in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan
1295:. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. 2006-04-19
943:Visions of Ararat, By Christopher J. Walker, p. 13
1002:, Arakel Vardapet Davrizhetsi, Vagharshapat, 1896
855:
853:
2502:
1347:). Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Sovetakan Grogh, 1984.
1229:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
718:Likely a combination of actual kings of Armenia
1403:ICOMOS Heritage at Risk 2006/2007 (June 2007).
1377:. Lisbon: Galouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 1986.
1293:"Azerbaijan: Famous Medieval Cemetery Vanishes"
929:Армянская Советская Социалистическая Республика
542:
507:Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
37:City and Municipality in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
1465:Documenting Cultural Destruction in Nakhchivan
1387:
1355:
850:
1697:
1508:
1264:"Azerbaijan 'Flattened' Sacred Armenian Site"
757:"Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic"
301:wrote that Julfa was founded by the king of
1426:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
900:on 2022-03-02 – via armeniahouse.org.
866:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
1704:
1690:
1515:
1501:
1212:. Archived from the original on 2008-01-16
1017:Choice Selections from Armenian Chronicles
847:, XV/2, pp. 217–224 and XV/3, pp. 225–231.
1380:Switzerland-Armenia Parliamentary Group,
748:
30:For other places with the same name, see
1094:, Lucy Der Manuelian and Steven Sim, in
1056:"The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia"
886:
552:
481:between 1847 and 1917. According to the
473:from 1840 to 1847, and then part of the
346:
14:
2503:
1713:Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan
1261:
1685:
1496:
882:
880:
618:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
396:According to 17th-century chronicler
833:
831:
829:
807:
805:
754:
239:), is a city and the capital of the
694:
328:Existing as a village in the early
24:
2511:Populated places in Julfa District
1522:
1463:Djulfa Virtual Memorial and Museum
1327:
877:
795:. vol. ix. Yerevan, Armenian SSR:
25:
2527:
1435:
826:
802:
2516:Azerbaijan–Iran border crossings
2081:
1670:
1388:Pickman, Sarah (June 30, 2006).
235:: Ջուղա, also transliterated as
139:
80:
73:
1315:
1306:
1285:
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1173:
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1031:
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1005:
993:
975:
966:
937:
922:
904:
524:, bringing supplies from other
404:, Bishop of Nakhijevan, wrote:
365:Ottoman-Safavid War (1603–1618)
258:from its namesake, the town of
2492:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
1469:Destruction of Jugha khachkars
1262:Castle, Stephen (2006-05-30).
775:
739:
712:
700:
655:
588:
499:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
245:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
13:
1:
1352:Nakhijevan: Book of Monuments
958:Джульфа (город в Нахич. АССР)
643:
627:
81:
1115:. 2006-05-25. Archived from
1092:"The Medieval City of Jugha"
1039:"Text of the Treaty of Kars"
1015:- the original source being
869:(in Russian). Archived from
797:Armenian Academy of Sciences
793:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
733:
543:Old Julfa and Julfa cemetery
469:The town became part of the
456:Russo-Persian War of 1826–28
7:
1357:Նախիջեւան. գիրք հուշարձանաց
576:In the 1970s, according to
262:on the Iranian side of the
10:
2532:
1475:Regnum News Agency report.
1096:"The Destruction of Jugha"
595:Armenian cemetery in Julfa
592:
546:
389:
276:
254:Julfa is separated by the
180:715 m (2,346 ft)
29:
2484:
2158:
2090:
2079:
1719:
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1542:
1530:
1356:
962:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
933:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
520:ran through Julfa during
290:
197:
189:
184:
176:
164:
152:
134:
99:
68:
63:
56:
42:
1442:Julfa, Azerbaijan (city)
1382:The Destruction of Jugha
837:Ghougassian, Vazken S. “
648:
505:, it became part of the
18:Julfa, Azerbaijan (town)
1487:The New Tears of Araxes
1390:"Tragedy on the Araxes"
1138:"Tragedy on the Araxes"
839:JULFA i. SAFAVID PERIOD
726:with elements of legend
636:and historians such as
438:In the 17th century, a
2490:indicate parts of the
1249:www.europarl.europa.eu
1210:wayback.archive-it.org
1098:, Berne, 2006. p19-46.
558:
413:
371:retook Julfa from the
360:
224:
32:Julfa (disambiguation)
844:Encyclopaedia Iranica
556:
547:Further information:
501:. As a result of the
483:Russian Empire Census
460:Treaty of Turkmenchay
424:), where a new town,
406:
381:scorched earth policy
350:
281:The city is known as
119:38.95583°N 45.63083°E
58:City and Municipality
1459:page on Armeniapedia
1395:Archaeology Magazine
1371:Baltrušaitis, Jurgis
799:, 1983, pp. 549-550.
661:Also referred to as
432:population in Iran.
363:In 1603, during the
1446:GEOnet Names Server
1082:, London 1990, p81.
614:European Parliament
602:European Parliament
571:Alexander de Rhodes
495:Republic of Armenia
154:Autonomous republic
115: /
1185:REGNUM News Agency
916:2010-02-26 at the
687:Jolfā-ye Nakhjavān
634:Hovhannes Tumanyan
559:
549:Armenians of Julfa
491:Russian Revolution
475:Erivan Governorate
458:and the resulting
444:Nakhchivan Khanate
361:
190: • Total
124:38.95583; 45.63083
2498:
2497:
1679:
1678:
1360:, Yerevan, 1990.
1206:"P6_TA(2006)0028"
1113:The Art Newspaper
528:nations into the
402:Augustus Badjetsi
369:Abbas I of Persia
299:Movses Khorenatsi
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1453:tape on YouTube.
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537:Nagorno-Karabakh
518:Persian Corridor
489:. Following the
454:. Following the
440:small settlement
430:Iranian Armenian
398:Arakel of Tabriz
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145:
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888:Ayvazyan, Argam
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100:Coordinates:
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1287:
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1272:the original
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1209:
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1187:. 2006-01-20
1175:
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1144:. 2006-06-30
1132:
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1117:the original
1103:
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761:the original
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695:جلفای نخجوان
686:
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530:Soviet Union
522:World War II
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392:Great Surgun
362:
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227:), formerly
216:
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2118:Mingachevir
1481:IWPR report
1142:Archaeology
1078:Yuri Rost,
767:27 November
724:Tigranes II
589:Destruction
582:Amenaprkich
357:Etchmiadzin
330:Middle Ages
221:Azerbaijani
122: /
2505:Categories
2129:Nakhchivan
1299:2006-04-19
1278:2006-05-30
1266:. London:
1216:2022-05-11
1191:2006-01-20
1148:2006-06-30
1123:2006-05-25
1065:2020-04-09
861:"Dzhul'fa"
720:Tigranes I
644:References
628:In culture
509:under the
448:Qajar Iran
377:Aras River
359:, Armenia.
351:Two Julfa
256:Aras River
249:Azerbaijan
185:Population
159:Nakhchivan
147:Azerbaijan
110:45°37′51″E
107:38°57′21″N
2486:Names in
2397:Sabirabad
2340:Neftchala
2315:Khirdalan
2305:Khojavend
2278:Jalilabad
2268:Ismayilli
2258:Hajiqabul
2228:Dashkasan
2223:Bilasuvar
2181:Aghjabadi
2108:Khankendi
1972:Sabirabad
1915:Neftchala
1885:Khojavend
1846:Jalilabad
1836:Ismayilli
1826:Hajigabul
1796:Dashkasan
1791:Bilasuvar
1749:Aghjabadi
1721:Districts
1567:Əbrəqunus
1547:Bənəniyar
1532:Capital:
1457:Old Jugha
1422:cite news
791:(Jugha).
734:Citations
487:Armenians
464:Caucasian
426:New Julfa
353:khachkars
199:Time zone
177:Elevation
2471:Zagatala
2466:Zangilan
2461:Yardimli
2419:Shamakhi
2372:Gobustan
2320:Kurdamir
2295:Khachmaz
2290:Kalbajar
2273:Jabrayil
2243:Goranboy
2218:Beylagan
2123:Naftalan
2113:Lankaran
2068:Zagatala
2063:Zangilan
2053:Yardimli
2011:Shamakhi
1947:Gobustan
1900:Lankaran
1890:Kurdamir
1870:Khachmaz
1864:Kangarli
1858:Kalbajar
1841:Jabrayil
1811:Goranboy
1786:Beylagan
1729:Absheron
1657:Xoşkeşin
1622:Norashen
1597:Gülüstan
1557:Camaldın
1552:Boyəhməd
1366:26842386
1225:cite web
914:Archived
890:(1984).
667:Dzhul’fa
567:khachkar
497:and the
334:Armenian
315:Azhdahak
311:Astyages
307:Tigranes
287:Armenian
233:Armenian
166:District
2488:italics
2441:Siyazan
2424:Shamkir
2413:Shahbuz
2407:Shabran
2382:Qubadli
2351:Ordubad
2335:Masally
2310:Khojaly
2263:Imishli
2248:Goychay
2238:Gadabay
2208:Balakən
2186:Agstafa
2171:Aghdara
2150:Yevlakh
2145:Sumgait
2140:Shirvan
2058:Yevlakh
2033:Siyazan
2016:Shamkir
2000:Shahbuz
1994:Shabran
1978:Sadarak
1957:Qubadli
1926:Ordubad
1910:Masally
1880:Khojaly
1831:Imishli
1816:Goychay
1806:Gadabay
1776:Balakan
1754:Agstafa
1739:Aghdara
1652:Xanəgah
1632:Qızılca
1627:Qazançı
1607:Ləkətağ
1592:Göydərə
1000:History
789:«Ջուղա»
722:and/or
691:Persian
675:Dzhulfa
477:of the
446:within
418:Esfahan
367:, Shah
319:Lazar I
303:Armenia
277:History
271:Ordubad
243:of the
135:Country
2476:Zardab
2446:Tartar
2436:Shusha
2430:Sharur
2402:Salyan
2392:Saatly
2367:Gazakh
2357:Gabala
2325:Lachin
2253:Goygol
2233:Fuzuli
2196:Astara
2176:Agdash
2166:Aghdam
2091:Cities
2073:Zardab
2038:Tartar
2028:Shusha
2022:Sharur
1989:Samukh
1984:Salyan
1967:Saatly
1942:Qazakh
1932:Qabala
1895:Lachin
1821:Goygol
1801:Fuzuli
1764:Astara
1744:Agdash
1647:Teyvaz
1637:Saltaq
1582:Ərəzin
1577:Ərəfsə
1572:Əlincə
1413:ICOMOS
1364:
1013:Djugha
708:Djugha
679:Džulfa
663:Djulfa
612:, the
606:UNESCO
526:Allied
410:skies.
338:Persia
264:border
237:Djugha
193:12,500
144:
2451:Tovuz
2387:Qusar
2330:Lerik
2300:Khizi
2284:Julfa
2213:Barda
2202:Babek
2159:Towns
2135:Shaki
2103:Ganja
2043:Tovuz
2006:Shaki
1962:Qusar
1920:Oghuz
1905:Lerik
1875:Khizi
1852:Julfa
1781:Barda
1770:Babek
1734:Agdam
1662:Yaycı
1642:Şurud
1612:Milax
1602:Kırna
1535:Julfa
1408:(PDF)
1345:Jugha
1341:Ջուղա
1042:(PDF)
893:Jugha
818:[
683:Jolfā
671:Jolfa
649:Notes
291:Ջուղա
283:Jugha
260:Jolfa
229:Jugha
225:Culfa
217:Julfa
204:UTC+4
171:Julfa
88:Julfa
64:Culfa
51:Jugha
49:Ջուղա
47:Culfa
44:Julfa
2456:Ujar
2377:Quba
2362:Qakh
2345:Oğuz
2191:Agsu
2098:Baku
2048:Ujar
1952:Quba
1937:Qakh
1759:Agsu
1562:Dizə
1428:link
1362:OCLC
1231:link
769:2016
516:The
452:Aras
422:Iran
295:Aras
1587:Gal
1444:at
841:,”
323:Ani
273:).
247:of
208:AZT
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