Knowledge

Julia Hirschberg

Source 📝

315:
innovated in numerous other areas involving prosody and meaning, including the role of grammatical function and surface position in pitch accent location, the use of prosody in disambiguating cue phrases (discourse markers) with Diane Litman, the role of prosody in disambiguation in English, Italian, and Spanish with Cinzia Avesani and Pilar Prieto, and the automatic identification of speech recognition errors using prosodic information, At AT&T Labs she worked with Fernando Pereira, Steve Whittaker, and others on speech search and developing new interfaces for speech navigation. At Columbia, she and her students have continued and extended research on spoken dialogue systems (automatically detecting speech recognition errors and inappropriate system queries, modeling turn-taking behavior, dialogue entrainment, modeling and generating clarification dialogues); on the automatic classification of trust, charisma, deception and emotion from speech; on speech summarization; prosody translation, hedging behavior in text and speech, text-to-speech synthesis, and speech search in low resource languages. She also holds several patents in TTS and in speech search. Corpora she and collaborators have collected include the Boston Directions Corpus, the Columbia SRI Colorado Deception Corpus, and the Columbia Games Corpus.
314:
Hirschberg has been a pioneer together with Gregory Ward in much experimental work on intonational sources of language meaning and how these interact with pragmatic phenomena, particularly on the meaning of accent (intonational prominent) items and the meaning of intonational contours. She also has
281:
as a Member of Technical staff in the Linguistics Research Department, where she worked on improving prosody assignment for Text-to-Speech Synthesis (TTS) in the Bell Labs TTS system. She was promoted to Department Head in 1994 when she created a new Human Computer Interface Research Lab. She and
306:
Hirschberg's research has included prosody, discourse structure, spoken dialogue systems, speech search, and more recently analysis of deceptive speech. Hirschberg was among the first to combine Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches to discourse and dialogue with speech research. She
311:, she developed a theoretical model of intonational meaning. She was a leader in the development of the ToBI conventions for intonational description, which have been extended to numerous languages and which today are the most widely used standard for intonational annotation. 307:
pioneered techniques in text analysis for prosody assignment in Text-to-Speech synthesis at Bell laboratories in the 1980s and 1990s, developing corpus-based statistical models based upon syntactic and discourse information which are in general use today in TTS systems. With
982:
J. Hirschberg; S. Benus; J. M. Brenier; F. Enos; S. Friedman; S. Gilman; C. Girand; M. Graciarena; A. Kathol; L. Michaelis; B. Pellom; E. Shriberg; A. Stolcke (2005). "Distinguishing deceptive from non-deceptive speech".
1374: 1384: 1369: 1218: 1414: 869:
Alex Liu; Rose Sloan; Mei-Vern Then; Svetlana Stoyanchev; Julia Hirschberg; Elizabeth Shriberg (2014). "Detecting Inappropriate Clarification Requests in Spoken Dialogue Systems".
1379: 967:
F. Biadsy; A. Rosenberg; R. Carlson; J. Hirschberg; E. Strangert (2008). "A Cross-cultural Comparison of American, Palestinian, and Swedish Perception of Charismatic Speech".
326:. She is also noted for her leadership in broadening participation in computing. She has served as a member of the CRA Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research 813:
S. Whittaker; J. Hirschberg; J. Choi; D. Hindle; F. Pereira; A. Singhal (1999). "SCAN: Designing and evaluating user interfaces to support retrieval from speech archives".
409: 120: 1083:
V. Soto; L. Mangu; A. Rosenberg; J. Hirschberg (2014). "A Comparison of Multiple Methods for Rescoring Keyword Search Lists for Low Resource Languages".
1439: 1444: 401: 107: 1222: 1266: 1148: 1359: 1404: 609:
Beckman, M. E.; Hirschberg, J. & Shattuck-Hufnagel, S. (2004). "The original ToBI system and the evolution of the ToBI framework".
262:
from 1974 to 1982. She subsequently shifted to Computer Science studies, receiving her M.S. in Computer and Information Science from
1429: 1045:
S. Maskey; J. Hirschberg (2005). "Comparing Lexical, Acoustic/Prosodic, Discourse and Structural Features for Speech Summarization".
395: 97: 798:
J. Choi; D. Hindle; J. Hirschberg; F. Pereira; A. Singhal & S.Whittaker (1999). "Spoken Content-Based Audio Navigation (SCAN)".
235:
in 2017 for contributions to the use of prosody in text-to-speech and spoken dialogue systems, and to audio browsing and retrieval.
500: 1424: 1409: 1394: 1434: 755: 593: 353: 78: 1454: 1364: 854:
E. Pincus; S. Stoyanchev; J. Hirschberg (2013). "Exploring Features for Localized Detection of Speech Recognition Errors".
387: 1174: 1313: 921:
Z. Xia; R. Levitan; J. Hirschberg (2014). "Prosodic Entrainment in Mandarin and English: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison".
830: 815:
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
1449: 1419: 113: 1399: 1098: 576:
Pierrehumbert & Hirschberg (1990). "The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse".
365: 232: 88: 688:
J. Terken; J. Hirschberg (1994). "Deaccentuation and Persistence of Grammatical Function and Surface Position".
1292: 378: 319: 771:
Julia Hirschberg; Diane Litman; Marc Swerts (2004). "Prosodic and Other Cues to Speech Recognition Failures".
626:"The Influence of Pitch Range, Duration, Amplitude, and Spectral Features on the Interpretation of L*+H L H%" 422: 418: 1244: 1014:
J. Liscombe; J. Hirschberg; J. J. Venditti (2005). "Detecting certainness in spoken tutorial dialogues".
225: 68: 274: 267: 263: 54: 221: 553: 475: 1270: 1152: 254:
Julia Linn Bell Hirschberg received her first Ph.D degree in History (16th-century Mexico) from
1389: 548: 539:
J. Hirschberg (1993). "Pitch Accent in Context: Predicting Intonational Prominence from Text".
255: 58: 1149:"ACM Fellows Named for Computing Innovations that Are Advancing Technology in the Digital Age" 287: 723:
J. Hirschberg; D. Litman (1993). "Empirical Studies on the Disambiguation of Cue Phrases".
118:
Columbia Engineering School Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Teaching award (2009)
8: 308: 291: 243: 153: 1124:"NAE Website - National Academy of Engineering Elects 84 Members and 22 Foreign Members" 952:
S. Stoyanchev; A. Liu; J. Hirschberg (2013). "Modeling Human Clarification Strategies".
884:
Agustín Gravano; Julia Hirschberg (2011). "Turn-taking cues in task-oriented dialogue".
318:
She has served on numerous technical boards and editorial committees, and is now on the
174: 1027: 996: 934: 836: 705: 670: 347: 217: 638: 625: 826: 751: 709: 674: 589: 585: 562: 278: 33: 1245:"Professor Julia Hirschberg awarded with the ISCA Scientific Achievement Medal 2011" 1031: 938: 840: 738:
J. Hirschberg; C. Avesani (2000). "Prosodic Disambiguation in English and Italian".
1219:"CS Professors Named Founding Fellows of Association for Computational Linguistics" 1050: 1019: 1000: 988: 926: 901: 893: 818: 780: 743: 697: 662: 633: 581: 558: 295: 140: 1023: 992: 930: 868: 1054: 784: 608: 343: 747: 524:
J. Hirschberg (1001). "Using Text Analysis to Predict Intonational Boundaries".
701: 1242: 897: 666: 1353: 259: 239: 1196: 966: 298:. She served as Chair of the Computer Science Department from 2012 to 2018. 822: 1375:
Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
981: 812: 102: 1082: 1068:
A. Prokofieva; J. Hirschberg (2014). "Hedging and Speaker Commitment".
906: 797: 770: 371: 92: 1344: 1123: 1013: 742:. Text, Speech and Language Technology. Vol. 15. pp. 87–95. 194: 1339: 1267:"IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award Recipients" 283: 44: 853: 158: 1194: 951: 290:
as part of a corporate reorganization. In 2002, she joined the
1146: 883: 168: 1243:
International Speech Communication Association (2010-11-05).
920: 327: 323: 1385:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
1175:"Julia Hirschberg Elected to American Philosophical Society" 653:
J. Hirschberg; G. Ward (1991). "Accent and Bound Anaphora".
266:
in 1982 and a Ph.D in Computer and Information Science from
611:
Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing
430: 359: 83: 1370:
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
1067: 1415:
Fellows of the Association for Computational Linguistics
410:
IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award
121:
IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award
1380:
2015 fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
737: 575: 1044: 722: 687: 450:
Empirical studies on the disambiguation of cue phrases
322:'s (CRA) Board of Directors and serves as co-chair of 652: 623: 578:
Intentions and Plans in Communication and Discourse
444:A social history of Puebla de Los Ángeles, 1531-60 1351: 1197:"About the Association for Laboratory Phonology" 1216: 1172: 1099:"Women in Computing: ACM SIGGRAPH Meets ACM-W" 498: 404:(ISCA) Medal for Scientific Achievement, 2011. 402:International Speech Communication Association 258:in 1976. She served on the History faculty of 108:International Speech Communication Association 538: 523: 476:"Julia Hirschberg - Google Scholar Citations" 294:faculty as a Professor in the Department of 125:ISCA Medal for Scientific Achievement (2011) 1345:Columbia Spoken Language Processing Group 905: 637: 552: 396:Association for Computational Linguistics 1440:Natural language processing researchers 231:Hirschberg was elected a member of the 1352: 1293:"Hans Blix new Honorary Doctor at KTH" 1199:. Association for Laboratory Phonology 1195:Association for Laboratory Phonology. 1445:Computational linguistics researchers 1221:. Columbia University. Archived from 1147:Association for Computing Machinery. 417:Honorary Doctorate (Hedersdoktorer), 354:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 338:Hirschberg's notable awards include: 79:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 388:Association for Laboratory Phonology 1290: 13: 1360:American women computer scientists 238:She is currently the Percy K. and 112:Honorary Doctorate (Hedersdoktor) 14: 1466: 1405:University of Pennsylvania alumni 1333: 242:Professor of Computer Science at 1430:Linguists from the United States 1264: 501:"Software That Listens for Lies" 1306: 1284: 1258: 1236: 1210: 1188: 1166: 1140: 1116: 1091: 1076: 1061: 1038: 1007: 975: 960: 945: 914: 877: 862: 847: 806: 791: 764: 731: 716: 624:J. Hirschberg; G. Ward (1992). 437: 366:National Academy of Engineering 233:National Academy of Engineering 89:National Academy of Engineering 681: 646: 617: 602: 586:10.7551/mitpress/3839.003.0016 569: 532: 517: 492: 468: 398:(ACL) (Founding) Fellow, 2011. 379:American Philosophical Society 320:Computing Research Association 286:until 1996 when they moved to 175:A Theory of Scalar Implicature 1: 1425:People from Liberty, Missouri 1410:Speech processing researchers 1395:University of Michigan alumni 1024:10.21437/Interspeech.2005-581 993:10.21437/Interspeech.2005-580 931:10.21437/SpeechProsody.2014-1 639:10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30625-4 499:Anne Eisenberg (2011-12-03). 462: 423:Royal Institute of Technology 1435:American computer scientists 1055:10.21437/Interspeech.2005-66 886:Computer Speech and Language 785:10.1016/j.specom.2004.01.006 563:10.1016/0004-3702(93)90020-c 249: 7: 1455:21st-century American women 1365:Columbia University faculty 1340:Julia Hirschberg's homepage 748:10.1007/978-94-011-4317-2_4 301: 282:her department remained at 277:in 1985, Hirschberg joined 226:natural language processing 69:Natural Language Processing 16:American computer scientist 10: 1471: 702:10.1177/002383099403700202 425:) Stockholm, Sweden, 2007. 275:University of Pennsylvania 268:University of Pennsylvania 264:University of Pennsylvania 220:noted for her research on 55:University of Pennsylvania 898:10.1016/j.csl.2010.10.003 725:Computational Linguistics 667:10.1515/cogl.1991.2.2.101 333: 222:computational linguistics 189: 185: 167: 146: 136: 129: 74: 64: 50: 40: 28: 21: 1450:American women academics 1420:American women linguists 456:Prosody and conversation 1400:Scientists at Bell Labs 541:Artificial Intelligence 1314:"Elected AAAI Fellows" 1269:. IEEE. Archived from 288:AT&T Labs Research 256:University of Michigan 59:University of Michigan 1217:Columbia University. 1177:. Columbia University 1173:Columbia University. 1151:. ACM. Archived from 823:10.1145/312624.312639 655:Cognitive Linguistics 273:Upon graduation from 773:Speech Communication 630:Journal of Phonetics 350:, Netherlands, 2018. 342:Honorary Doctorate ( 690:Language and Speech 309:Janet Pierrehumbert 292:Columbia University 244:Columbia University 154:Columbia University 1291:KTH (2007-09-07). 817:. pp. 26–33. 480:scholar.google.com 348:Tilburg University 279:AT&T Bell Labs 218:computer scientist 757:978-0-7923-6723-9 595:978-0-262-27054-0 386:Honorary member, 240:Vida L. W. Hudson 211: 210: 131:Scientific career 34:Liberty, Missouri 1462: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1324: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1273:on April 7, 2010 1262: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1183: 1182: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1110: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1011: 1005: 1004: 979: 973: 972: 964: 958: 957: 949: 943: 942: 918: 912: 911: 909: 881: 875: 874: 866: 860: 859: 851: 845: 844: 810: 804: 803: 795: 789: 788: 779:(1–2): 155–175. 768: 762: 761: 735: 729: 728: 720: 714: 713: 685: 679: 678: 650: 644: 643: 641: 621: 615: 614: 606: 600: 599: 573: 567: 566: 556: 536: 530: 529: 521: 515: 514: 512: 511: 496: 490: 489: 487: 486: 472: 377:Elected member, 296:Computer Science 214:Julia Hirschberg 207: 204: 202: 200: 198: 196: 181: 141:Computer Science 23:Julia Hirschberg 19: 18: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1350: 1349: 1336: 1331: 1322: 1320: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1296: 1289: 1285: 1276: 1274: 1263: 1259: 1250: 1248: 1241: 1237: 1228: 1226: 1215: 1211: 1202: 1200: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1178: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1156: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1130: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1108: 1106: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1081: 1077: 1066: 1062: 1043: 1039: 1012: 1008: 980: 976: 965: 961: 950: 946: 919: 915: 882: 878: 867: 863: 852: 848: 833: 811: 807: 796: 792: 769: 765: 758: 736: 732: 721: 717: 686: 682: 651: 647: 622: 618: 607: 603: 596: 574: 570: 537: 533: 526:Eurospeech 1991 522: 518: 509: 507: 497: 493: 484: 482: 474: 473: 469: 465: 440: 336: 304: 252: 216:is an American 193: 179: 163: 124: 119: 117: 111: 106: 101: 96: 87: 82: 57: 51:Alma mater 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1468: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1335: 1334:External links 1332: 1330: 1329: 1305: 1283: 1257: 1235: 1209: 1187: 1165: 1139: 1115: 1090: 1075: 1060: 1037: 1006: 974: 969:Speech Prosody 959: 944: 923:Speech Prosody 913: 892:(3): 601–634. 876: 861: 846: 832:978-1581130966 831: 805: 790: 763: 756: 730: 715: 696:(2): 125–145. 680: 661:(2): 101–122. 645: 616: 601: 594: 568: 554:10.1.1.50.1694 531: 516: 505:New York Times 491: 466: 464: 461: 460: 459: 453: 447: 439: 436: 435: 434: 427: 426: 414: 413: 406: 405: 399: 392: 391: 383: 382: 375: 369: 363: 357: 351: 335: 332: 303: 300: 251: 248: 209: 208: 191: 187: 186: 183: 182: 171: 165: 164: 162: 161: 156: 150: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 127: 126: 110:Fellow (2011) 100:Fellow (2011) 86:Fellow (2017) 76: 72: 71: 66: 65:Known for 62: 61: 52: 48: 47: 42: 38: 37: 32: 30: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1467: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1390:Living people 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1294: 1287: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1246: 1239: 1225:on 2012-05-09 1224: 1220: 1213: 1198: 1191: 1176: 1169: 1155:on 2015-12-09 1154: 1150: 1143: 1129: 1125: 1119: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1086: 1079: 1071: 1064: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1018:: 1837–1840. 1017: 1010: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 987:: 1833–1836. 986: 978: 970: 963: 955: 948: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 917: 908: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 880: 872: 865: 857: 850: 842: 838: 834: 828: 824: 820: 816: 809: 801: 794: 786: 782: 778: 774: 767: 759: 753: 749: 745: 741: 734: 726: 719: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 684: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 649: 640: 635: 631: 627: 620: 612: 605: 597: 591: 587: 583: 579: 572: 564: 560: 555: 550: 546: 542: 535: 527: 520: 506: 502: 495: 481: 477: 471: 467: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 441: 433:Fellow, 1994. 432: 429: 428: 424: 420: 416: 415: 411: 408: 407: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393: 389: 385: 384: 380: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 345: 341: 340: 339: 331: 329: 325: 321: 316: 312: 310: 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 280: 276: 271: 269: 265: 261: 260:Smith College 257: 247: 245: 241: 236: 234: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 206: 192: 188: 184: 177: 176: 172: 170: 166: 160: 157: 155: 152: 151: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 128: 122: 115: 109: 104: 99: 94: 90: 85: 80: 77: 73: 70: 67: 63: 60: 56: 53: 49: 46: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 20: 1321:. Retrieved 1317: 1308: 1297:. Retrieved 1286: 1275:. Retrieved 1271:the original 1260: 1249:. Retrieved 1238: 1227:. Retrieved 1223:the original 1212: 1201:. Retrieved 1190: 1179:. Retrieved 1168: 1157:. Retrieved 1153:the original 1142: 1131:. Retrieved 1127: 1118: 1107:. Retrieved 1105:. 2017-07-28 1103:ACM SIGGRAPH 1102: 1093: 1084: 1078: 1069: 1063: 1046: 1040: 1015: 1009: 984: 977: 968: 962: 953: 947: 922: 916: 889: 885: 879: 870: 864: 855: 849: 814: 808: 799: 793: 776: 772: 766: 739: 733: 724: 718: 693: 689: 683: 658: 654: 648: 629: 619: 610: 604: 577: 571: 547:(1–2): 1–2. 544: 540: 534: 528:: 1275–1278. 525: 519: 508:. Retrieved 504: 494: 483:. Retrieved 479: 470: 455: 449: 443: 438:Publications 362:Fellow, 2017 344:eredoctoraat 337: 330:since 2010. 317: 313: 305: 272: 253: 237: 230: 213: 212: 173: 147:Institutions 130: 1128:www.nae.edu 1085:Interspeech 1047:Interspeech 1016:Interspeech 985:Interspeech 907:11336/68351 580:: 271–311. 103:AAAI Fellow 41:Nationality 1354:Categories 1323:2024-01-04 1299:2014-06-24 1277:2014-06-24 1251:2014-06-24 1229:2015-03-17 1203:2015-03-26 1181:2015-03-26 1159:2015-12-08 1133:2017-02-09 1109:2018-02-03 740:Intonation 510:2014-06-24 485:2018-08-25 463:References 372:ACM Fellow 93:ACM Fellow 710:145696152 675:144771310 549:CiteSeerX 284:Bell Labs 270:in 1985. 250:Biography 199:.columbia 1032:12221841 939:15063969 841:15089338 800:ICPhS-99 302:Research 159:AT&T 45:American 1001:6415344 954:SigDIAL 871:SigDIAL 856:SigDIAL 613:: 9–54. 412:, 2011. 390:, 2014. 381:, 2014. 374:in 2015 356:, 2018. 346:) from 203:/~julia 190:Website 123:(2011) 116:(2007) 95:(2015) 91:(2017) 81:(2018) 1265:IEEE. 1247:. ISCA 1030:  999:  937:  839:  829:  754:  708:  673:  592:  551:  458:, 1998 452:, 1991 446:, 1976 368:, 2017 334:Awards 180:(1985) 178:  169:Thesis 137:Fields 105:(1994) 75:Awards 1295:. KTH 1028:S2CID 997:S2CID 935:S2CID 837:S2CID 706:S2CID 671:S2CID 328:CRA-W 324:CRA-W 1318:AAAI 1070:LREC 827:ISBN 752:ISBN 590:ISBN 431:AAAI 360:IEEE 224:and 201:.edu 84:IEEE 29:Born 1051:doi 1020:doi 989:doi 927:doi 902:hdl 894:doi 819:doi 781:doi 744:doi 698:doi 663:doi 634:doi 582:doi 559:doi 419:KTH 197:.cs 195:www 114:KTH 98:ACL 1356:: 1316:. 1126:. 1101:. 1049:. 1026:. 995:. 933:. 925:. 900:. 890:25 888:. 835:. 825:. 777:43 775:. 750:. 704:. 694:37 692:. 669:. 657:. 632:. 628:. 588:. 557:. 545:63 543:. 503:. 478:. 246:. 228:. 1326:. 1302:. 1280:. 1254:. 1232:. 1206:. 1184:. 1162:. 1136:. 1112:. 1087:. 1072:. 1057:. 1053:: 1034:. 1022:: 1003:. 991:: 971:. 956:. 941:. 929:: 910:. 904:: 896:: 873:. 858:. 843:. 821:: 802:. 787:. 783:: 760:. 746:: 727:. 712:. 700:: 677:. 665:: 659:2 642:. 636:: 598:. 584:: 565:. 561:: 513:. 488:. 421:( 205:/

Index

Liberty, Missouri
American
University of Pennsylvania
University of Michigan
Natural Language Processing
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
IEEE
National Academy of Engineering
ACM Fellow
ACL
AAAI Fellow
International Speech Communication Association
KTH
IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award
Computer Science
Columbia University
AT&T
Thesis
A Theory of Scalar Implicature
www.cs.columbia.edu/~julia/
computer scientist
computational linguistics
natural language processing
National Academy of Engineering
Vida L. W. Hudson
Columbia University
University of Michigan
Smith College
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.