934:
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943:
31:
873:, in order to secure his succession over his elder, but less favoured, brothers. Justin was agreeable, but, aware that, being childless himself, an adopted Persian son would have a claim on the Byzantine throne, offered adoption according to barbarian custom. The Persians were insulted and broke off all negotiations. In 526, the Byzantines raided Persian Armenia at Justinian's initiative. Justinian was increasingly taking control of policy from his aging uncle. The raiding parties were led by two of Justinian's up-and-coming military protégees,
661:
787:
helped reconcile the majority of the population to their rule. The feelings of the majority of
Italians towards the Empire were mixed, as Anastasius was a Monophysite, while they were Chalcedonian. The Ostrogoths were Arians, and there was a tendency to consider both them and Monophysites as different breeds of heretics. With a strongly Chalcedonian emperor on the throne and the Italian-based papacy formally healing the rift the situation became less stable. Initially relations were friendly. Theodoric's son-in-law
999:
920:. Edicts were endorsed with "We continuously commit ourselves to all plans and actions in the name of Jesus Christ". In either 519 or 522 Justin abandoned the tradition of depicting pagan symbols on the reverse of his coins and seals. "During the reign, the characteristic identifying the reverse female figure as Victory, a high girdle below the breasts, was substituted by a tunic, therefore identifying the figure as an angel." This was a very public and widespread restatement of the Empire as a Christian state.
913:, Pope Hormisdas' successor, to Constantinople with firm instructions to obtain a policy reversal. John received an exceptionally warm welcome; the population of Constantinople applauded him, Justin laid on celebrations, prostrated himself at the Pope's feet and insisted on being re-crowned by the Pope's hands. John did not succeed in having the edict overturned, it seems that he did not press the matter. On his return to Italy an enraged Theodoric had him flung into prison, where he shortly died.
800:
768:
823:, causing Kaleb to claim, "You have acted badly because you have killed merchants of the Christian Romans, which is a loss both to myself and my kingdom." Himyar was a client state of the Sassanian Persians, perennial enemies of the Byzantines. After Kaleb invaded Himyar around 523, Justin saw what is now Yemen pass from Sassanian control to the rule of an allied Christian state.
2496:
1012:, commander of the imperial guard, patrician, and, in 521, consul. In 525, Justin repealed a law that effectively prohibited a member of the senatorial class from marrying women from a lower class of society, including the theatre, which was considered scandalous at the time. This edict paved the way for Justinian to marry
897:
to
Constantinople for negotiations. Justinian sent a similar, but separate, invitation; said to have been closer to a summons. Hormisdas promptly despatched a delegation to Constantinople with instructions to state the orthodox position rather than to negotiate. Carrying out a policy developed by his
758:
Justin cemented his position by assassinating potential opponents, especially anti-Chalcedonian supporters of
Anastasius. Both Amantius and Theocritus were executed nine days after the election. A career soldier with little knowledge of statecraft, Justin surrounded himself with trusted advisors. The
474:
between the churches of Rome and
Constantinople, resulting in good relations between Justin and the papacy. Throughout his reign, he stressed the religious nature of his office and passed edicts against various Christian groups seen at the time as non-Orthodox. In foreign affairs, he used religion as
1020:
actress, and eventually resulted in a major change to the old class distinctions at the
Imperial court. She came to participate in Justinian's rule with very significant and powerful influence. Justin's health began to decline and he formally named Justinian as co-emperor and, on 1 April 527, as his
786:
king of Italy, that he would rule Italy as
Anastasius' deputy. This preserved Italy as nominally a part of the Empire, and neutralised a potentially dangerous neighbour. The arrangement suited Theodoric, as the Ostrogoths were a small aristocratic minority in Italy and the blessing of Constantinople
702:
was said to have given a substantial sum of money to Justin in order to buy his support. However, Justin controlled a smaller, but higher-quality group of soldiers, and used the money to buy support for himself. He was elected as the new emperor by the council and was proclaimed emperor in the
861:
and married a
Byzantine noblewoman, Valeriana. After having been confirmed in his kingdom by the Byzantine emperor, he returned to Lazica. Shortly after Justin's death, the Sassanids attempted to forcibly regain control, but were beaten off with assistance from Justin's successor.
791:
was appointed consul in
Constantinople in 519 and confirmed as Theodoric's heir. Eutharic died in 522, by which time Justin's policies, possibly influenced by Justinian, had become more anti-Arian. In 526 Theodoric died, leaving Eutharic's ten-year-old son
1687:
842:
was encouraged into war with the
Sassanians. A "fervent Christian", his religious policies were "part and parcel of his larger strategic aims". After a lengthy struggle he was defeated and Iberia subjugated as a Sassanian province in 522.
562:, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, they possessed nothing more than the ragged clothes on their backs and a sack of bread among them. Illiterate at the time of his arrival there, Justin joined the newly formed palace guard, the
965:
with an estimated 250,000 deaths. Justin arranged for sufficient money to be sent to the city for both immediate relief and to start reconstruction. The rebuilding of the Great Church and many other buildings was overseen by
898:
nephew
Justinian, the future emperor, Justin endorsed Rome's view on the question of the dual nature of Christ. On 28 March 519, in the cathedral of Constantinople in the presence of a great throng of people, a reluctant
818:
was probably encouraged to aggressively enlarge his empire by Justin. Contemporary chronicler John Malalas reported that Byzantine merchants were robbed and killed by the Jewish king of the south Arabian kingdom of
515:
descent, spoke Latin and only rudimentary Greek, and bore, like his companions and members of his family (Zimarchus, Dityvistus, Boraides, Bigleniza, Sabbatius, etc.), a Thracian name. His sister Vigilantia (born
1695:
990:
in his old age, going as far as to write "the Emperor, as an idiot and advanced in age, caused the laugh of the environment, and was also accused of delays in decisions and inability for his duties."
810:
A number of initiatives in respect of neighbouring states were founded on religious motives, and were usually developed by Justinian as he assumed more power towards the end of Justin's reign.
905:
For the first three years of his reign Justin persecuted the Monophysites, even serving soldiers. Thereafter he adopted a more pragmatic approach. In 523 Justin issued a strict edict against
853:, wished to weaken Sassanid influence. In 521 or 522, he went to Constantinople to receive the insignia and royal robes of kingship from Justin's hand and to make his submission. He was also
698:, commander of an elite guard unit, elected to the throne. Theocritus and Amantius were relying on their control of a large military force and on buying the support of the other officials.
916:
Again encouraged by Justinian, Justin increasingly expressed his position as emperor as a religious one. He claimed that "we have been elected to the empire by favour of the indivisible
961:
The later years of the reign of Justin were marked by increased tension with the Empire's neighbours, especially the Ostrogoths, and the Sassanids. In 526 Antioch was destroyed by an
2529:
980:
Patriarch of Antioch. Many of the buildings erected after the earthquake were destroyed by another major earthquake in November 528, although there were far fewer casualties.
2047:
2623:
596:, commander of the palace guard. During this period he married Lupicina; no surviving children are recorded from this marriage. According to contemporary historian
2524:
826:
A number of small states on the borders of the Byzantine Empire and of Sassanian Persia were constant areas of contention between the two powers. The Georgian
451:
died, he out-maneouvered his rivals and was elected as his successor, in spite of being around 68 years old. His reign is significant for the founding of the
475:
an instrument of state. He endeavoured to cultivate client states on the borders of the Empire, and avoided any significant warfare until late in his reign.
641:, a force of parade-ground display troops. By morning the event had been announced throughout the capital, Constantinople. The high officials, including
1647:
676:
Anastasius had died childless but had a host of known relatives. This extensive family included several viable candidates for the throne. His brother
2251:
759:
most prominent of these was his nephew Flavius Petrus Sabbatius, whom he adopted as his son and invested with the name Iustinianus (Justinian).
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1990:
452:
223:
202:
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Justin endeavoured to cultivate client states on the borders of the Empire, and avoided any significant warfare until late in his reign.
355:
126:
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771:
The extent of the Byzantine Empire under Justin I is shown in brown. (The light orange shows the conquests of his successor, Justinian.)
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His wife became his empress consort under the name Euphemia. The name was probably chosen for reasons of respectability. The original
1917:
Meier, M. (2007). "Natural Disasters in the Chronographia of John Malalas : Reflections on their Function --An Initial Sketch".
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from 518 to 527. Born to a peasant family, he rose through the ranks of the army to become commander of the imperial guard and when
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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in older scholarship, but this is not corroborated by contemporary sources. The name probably derives from the fact that
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909:. Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths and ruler of Italy, was an Arian himself, as were most Ostrogoths. He despatched
2497:
Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs. Les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VIe au IXe siècle
1133:
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As a young man, he and two companions left Dardania in order to escape the poverty of the region. Taking refuge in
544:
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490). The younger Vigilantia married Dulcissimus (or Dulcidio) and had at least three children: the future emperor
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1976:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D"
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between the eastern and western branches of the Christian church. On ascending the throne Justin invited
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was renamed Justinopolis in 525, in honour of Justin I. The name persisted until the 12th century when
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in her name. The selection of this name was an early indication that Justin and Lupicina were fervent
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History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 2
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accepted the formula of Pope Hormisdas and the end of the schism was concluded in a solemn ceremony.
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He was noted for his strongly orthodox Christian views. This facilitated the ending of the
87:
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was in the Sassanian sphere of influence, but was Christian. Iberian bishops were sent to
8:
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2447:(in Romanian). Vol. veacurile III-VII. Bucharest: Editura Academiei R. S. România.
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and was noticed for his bravery. Because of his ability he was successively appointed a
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Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire
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2354:. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century
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was another border state; it was Christian, but in the Sassanid sphere. Its king,
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2148:. Vol. XIV: Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors. Cambridge University Press.
1940:
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The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey
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3178:
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2316:
Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1980).
2281:
2106:. Cambridge, Mass. ; London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
1415:
1114:
986:'s Byzantine historia indicate that Justin I's mental faculties had begun to
811:
660:
460:
2471:
568:. He served in various positions, campaigning against the Isaurians and the
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During his uncle's reign Justinian successively occupied the positions of
803:
Justin I (left) persecuting Monophysites, miniature from the 12th century
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Ascetics and Ambassadors of Christ: The Monasteries of Palestine, 314–631
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for the election of a new emperor. Meanwhile, the people gathered in the
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247:
181:
97:
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2413:. Translated by Hussey, Joan. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
2290:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 944.
1268:
881:. The raids achieved little, other than to make a statement of intent.
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74:
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The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)
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1038:
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870:
793:
738:. The population of the capital was supportive because of his strong
723:
601:
597:
548:
536:
484:
436:
396:
255:
1955:
1610:"Rodolphe Guilland, "Les Eunuques dans l'Empire Byzantin" (English)"
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Constantinople and the Scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor
1119:
states that he was crowned on the morning after Anastasius' death.
869:
approached Justin asking that he formally adopt his youngest son,
3672:
3375:
3282:
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2826:
1578:
1433:
Procopius, Secret History, Chapter 6, trans. Kaldellis, pp. 28-30
1034:
917:
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635:(master of offices) and commander of the palace regiments of the
573:
496:
197:
2275:
1775:"Mountain Constantines: The Christianization of Aksum and Iberi"
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504:
323:
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Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D
1973:
1827:
500:
3045:
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and awaited the proclamation of the name of the new emperor.
578:
523:) married Sabbatius and had two children: the future emperor
424:
384:
2791:
2781:
1103:
gives 10 July as the date of Justin's accession, following
1099:
1710:
1662:
619:
During the night of 8–9 July 518, Anastasius died and his
2445:
Elementele traco-getice în Imperiul Roman și în Byzantium
2233:
The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power
1874:
1862:
1441:
1439:
1318:
1316:
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successor. On 1 August Justin died and was succeeded by
487:
by occupation, from the region of Dardania, part of the
2525:
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1898:
1379:
889:
Justin's reign is noteworthy for the resolution of the
746:
debate of the time, in opposition to his predecessor's
2430:. Translated by Atwater, Richard. Chicago: P. Covici.
2053:
1974:
Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh, R. & Mouty, M. (2005).
1436:
1369:
1367:
1340:
1277:. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications Incorporated.
2463:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology
2315:
1961:
1809:
1421:
1313:
1168:
1148:, although the veracity of this statement is unknown.
1467:
1352:
1060:
694:(grand chamberlain), Amantius, had intended to have
1590:
1403:
1391:
1364:
2102:Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World
2099:
976:, whose efforts saw him replace Euphrasius as the
1328:
4090:
2250:Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002).
2097:
1584:
1107:. All other contemporary authors give 9 July.
951:Mosaics of Justinian I and his wife Theodora,
2723:
2515:Evans, James Allan, "Justin I (518–527 A.D.)"
349:
2249:
1833:
1821:
2459:
2408:
1880:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1457:
1112:
2730:
2716:
2344:
1868:
1845:
1564:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 32.
555:520), who married the senator Areobindus.
356:
342:
188:Imperator Caesar Flavius Iustinus Augustus
2483:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
2425:
1930:
1557:
1385:
2478:
2460:Smith, William; Anthon, Charles (1895).
2368:
2120:
1967:
1904:
1892:
1716:
1668:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1479:
1346:
997:
798:
766:
659:
625:, a senior servant, summoned Justin and
2394:. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.
2323:Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire
2270:
2192:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
2162:
2139:
2098:Bowersock, G. W.; Grabar, Oleg (1999).
2059:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1445:
1322:
1002:Solidus depicting Justin and Justinian.
4091:
2185:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1640:"Greatmartyr Euphemia the All-praised"
43:
2711:
2442:
2387:
2294:
2256:. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
2230:
2209:
2142:"Chapter III: Justin I and Justinian"
2125:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press LLC.
2076:
1916:
1910:
1688:"Justin I (518–527) – Dumbarton Oaks"
1650:from the original on 13 February 2012
1596:
1514:
1473:
1409:
1397:
1373:
1358:
1334:
1257:: Fisher, Son & Co. p. xxix.
1246:
1049:, made it his capital and renamed it
730:(451) had taken place in a cathedral
459:, and three succeeding emperors. His
1858:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1772:
1759:
1674:
1620:from the original on 16 October 2013
1267:
483:Justin was a peasant and possibly a
2371:A History of the Later Roman Empire
2231:Evans, James Allan Stewart (1996).
2216:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2213:Count Marcellinus and his chronicle
2018:Lipsiae et Berolini: Teubner, 1962.
1962:Martindale, Jones & Morris 1980
1810:Martindale, Jones & Morris 1980
1722:
1422:Martindale, Jones & Morris 1980
1169:Martindale, Jones & Morris 1980
13:
2016:Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia.
1839:
1791:from the original on 29 March 2018
778:In 497 Anastasius had agreed with
762:
455:that included his eminent nephew,
14:
4165:
4139:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
4124:6th-century eastern Roman consuls
2505:
2373:. Oxford; Malden MA.: Blackwell.
1996:from the original on 26 July 2011
1846:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1773:Haas, Christopher (Spring 2008).
1685:
407:450 – 1 August 527), also called
47:
1747:from the original on 15 May 2008
1737:"Roman Emperors – DIR Justinian"
1539:from the original on 15 May 2008
1529:"Roman Emperors – DIR Justinian"
1134:Germanus (cousin of Justinian I)
1063:
941:
932:
50:
29:
2428:The Secret History of Procopius
2235:. London; New York: Routledge.
2021:
2008:
1632:
1602:
1551:
1492:"Roman Emperors – DIR Euphemia"
1427:
1128:His name is sometimes given as
629:to his deathbed. Celer was the
478:
4119:6th-century Byzantine emperors
2411:History of the Byzantine State
2195:. Cambridge University Press.
1291:
1261:
1240:
1218:
1188:
1174:
1136:was supposedly related to the
1122:
1091:
923:
834:in the Byzantine Empire to be
590:, the influential position of
107:Justinian I (from 1 April 527)
1:
2167:. Ann Arbor: Kennikat Press,
2146:The Cambridge Ancient History
2069:
1301:
1228:
865:In 524, the Sassanid emperor
614:
552:
540:
532:
517:
404:
119:
16:Roman emperor from 518 to 527
2409:Ostrogorsky, George (1957).
1919:The Medieval History Journal
1155:
993:
655:Hippodrome of Constantinople
525:Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus
437:
397:
294:as co-emperor, 590–602
7:
2165:Studies on the Early Papacy
2083:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1585:Bowersock & Grabar 1999
1056:
884:
722:. She was a local saint of
647:Patriarch of Constantinople
10:
4170:
4003:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3954:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3841:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2369:Mitchell, Stephen (2007).
2328:Cambridge University Press
1941:10.1177/097194580701000209
1895:, pp. 124–25, 293–94.
1079:List of Byzantine emperors
753:
691:praepositus sacri cubiculi
425:
385:
4079:
4011:
3976:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3944:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3769:Constantine IX Monomachos
3457:
3354:
3237:
3064:
2902:
2750:
2691:
2674:
2662:
2650:
2634:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2546:
2163:Chapman, H. John (1971).
2121:Browning, Robert (2003).
1028:
670:National Museum of Serbia
645:, the recently appointed
543:520); the future general
271:as regents, 574–578
213:Chalcedonian Christianity
208:
196:
187:
180:
175:
170:
166:
156:
146:
133:
115:
111:
103:
93:
83:
73:
69:9 July 518 – 1 August 527
65:
58:
28:
23:
3939:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2626:Moschianus Probus Magnus
2624:Anastasius Paulus Probus
2512:De Imperatoribus Romanis
2479:Vasiliev, A. A. (1950).
2301:. Baltimore: JHU Press.
2140:Cameron, Averil (2000).
2045:Theophanes the Confessor
1834:Greatrex & Lieu 2002
1822:Greatrex & Lieu 2002
1558:Weitzmann, Kurt (1979).
1424:, pp. 645–49, 1165.
1084:
720:Diocletianic Persecution
3794:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3428:Tiberius II Constantine
2536:Encyclopædia Britannica
2287:Encyclopædia Britannica
1849:"Pope St. John I"
1458:Smith & Anthon 1895
1071:Byzantine Empire portal
796:as heir to the throne.
742:position on the fierce
736:Chalcedonian Christians
649:, were summoned to the
611:before their marriage.
586:and, under the Emperor
489:Prefecture of Illyricum
3949:Michael IX Palaiologos
2443:Russu, Ion I. (1976).
2388:Mócsy, András (2014).
2295:Jones, A.H.M. (1986).
2169:University of Michigan
2123:Justinian and Theodora
1741:www.roman-emperors.org
1533:www.roman-emperors.org
1496:www.roman-emperors.org
1247:Walsh, Robert (1839).
1113:
1003:
953:Basilica of San Vitale
828:Principality of Iberia
807:
772:
673:
607:who had been Justin's
491:. He was born in the
416:
376:
162:Justinian I (adoptive)
142:, Eastern Roman Empire
137:1 August 527 (aged 77)
129:, Eastern Roman Empire
4043:Thessalonian emperors
4037:Trapezuntine emperors
3998:John VIII Palaiologos
3993:Manuel II Palaiologos
3964:John VI Kantakouzenos
3880:Andronikos I Komnenos
3717:Constantine Lekapenos
2745:and empresses regnant
2701:Soterichus Philoxenus
2272:Hogarth, David George
2210:Croke, Brian (2001).
1855:Catholic Encyclopedia
1202:Evagrius Scholasticus
1181:Zacharias of Mytilene
1105:Zacharias of Mytilene
1001:
984:Procopius of Caesarea
802:
770:
684:in 496. According to
663:
445:Eastern Roman emperor
3981:John VII Palaiologos
3929:Theodore II Laskaris
3789:Constantine X Doukas
3729:Nikephoros II Phokas
2699:Theodorus Philoxenus
2466:. New York: Harper.
2330:. pp. 648–651.
2077:Binns, John (1996).
1983:Annals of Geophysics
1109:Constantine VII
840:Vakhtang I of Iberia
728:Council of Chalcedon
703:Hippodrome as Justin
4129:Comites excubitorum
3912:Theodore I Laskaris
3897:Alexios III Angelos
3875:Alexios II Komnenos
3799:Romanos IV Diogenes
3754:Romanos III Argyros
3700:Romanos I Lekapenos
1784:. pp. 121–22.
632:magister officiorum
439:Ioustînos ho Thrâix
409:Justin the Thracian
40:of Justin I marked:
4031:Britannic emperors
4025:Palmyrene emperors
3959:John V Palaiologos
3902:Alexios IV Angelos
3851:Constantine Doukas
3846:Alexios I Komnenos
3834:Constantine Doukas
3817:Michael VII Doukas
3779:Michael VI Bringas
3345:Romulus Augustulus
2968:Trebonianus Gallus
2961:Herennius Etruscus
2743:Byzantine emperors
2616:Political offices
2530:vol. 4, chapter xl
2426:Procopius (1927).
2037:Chronicon Paschale
2014:Haury J, Wirth G.
1836:, pp. 181–82.
1719:, pp. 321–28.
1671:, pp. 124–25.
1587:, pp. 300–01.
1269:Bury, John Bagnell
1210:Chronicon Paschale
1009:comes domesticorum
1004:
808:
805:Manasses Chronicle
773:
674:
643:John of Cappadocia
570:Sassanian Persians
449:Emperor Anastasius
4149:Illyrian emperors
4099:Justinian dynasty
4086:
4085:
3924:John III Vatatzes
3870:Manuel I Komnenos
3609:Michael I Rangabe
3453:
3452:
3295:Petronius Maximus
2894:Severus Alexander
2862:Septimius Severus
2706:
2705:
2692:Succeeded by
2671:
2651:Succeeded by
2631:
2606:Succeeded by
2589:Byzantine emperor
2553:Justinian Dynasty
2401:978-1-317-75425-1
2380:978-1-4051-0857-7
2361:978-0-88141-056-3
2337:978-0-521-20159-9
2326:. Vol. III.
2308:978-0-8018-3353-3
2277:"Anazarbus"
2263:978-0-415-14687-6
2242:978-0-415-23726-0
2223:978-0-19-815001-5
2202:978-0-521-84026-2
2187:Cooley, Alison E.
2178:978-0-8046-1139-8
2155:978-0-521-32591-2
2132:978-1-59333-053-8
2113:978-0-674-51173-6
2090:978-0-19-826934-2
1824:, pp. 79–80.
1698:on 21 August 2018
1571:978-0-87099-179-0
1502:on 21 August 2018
1142:according to the
900:Patriarch John II
638:Scholae Palatinae
600:, Lupicina was a
593:comes excubitorum
453:Justinian dynasty
434:
394:
366:
365:
333:
332:
328:Heraclian dynasty
225:Justinian dynasty
218:
217:
192:
191:
60:Byzantine emperor
4161:
3934:John IV Laskaris
3907:Alexios V Doukas
3892:Isaac II Angelos
3858:John II Komnenos
3784:Isaac I Komnenos
3744:Constantine VIII
3734:John I Tzimiskes
3461:Byzantine Empire
3235:
3234:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2687:Venantius Opilio
2669:
2663:Preceded by
2629:
2621:Preceded by
2579:Preceded by
2569:
2562:
2544:
2543:
2492:
2481:Justin the First
2475:
2456:
2439:
2422:
2405:
2384:
2365:
2346:Meyendorff, John
2341:
2312:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2246:
2227:
2206:
2182:
2159:
2136:
2117:
2105:
2094:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1934:
1932:10.1.1.1025.7374
1925:(1–2): 237–266.
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1881:Ostrogorsky 1957
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1770:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1694:. Archived from
1683:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1498:. Archived from
1488:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1244:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1149:
1130:Anicius Iustinus
1126:
1120:
1118:
1095:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1047:Armenian Cilicia
945:
936:
716:Christian martyr
706:
554:
542:
534:
522:
519:
442:
430:
428:
427:
426:Ἰουστῖνος ὁ Θρᾷξ
406:
402:
390:
388:
387:
358:
351:
344:
307:
306:
226:
220:
219:
168:
167:
124:
121:
53:
52:
49:
45:
33:
21:
20:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4154:Ancient farmers
4114:Illyrian people
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4075:
4019:Gallic emperors
4007:
3695:Constantine VII
3476:Constantine III
3463:
3460:
3449:
3358:
3350:
3289:Valentinian III
3277:Constantius III
3271:Priscus Attalus
3255:Constantine III
3241:
3233:
3123:Valerius Valens
3068:
3060:
2906:
2898:
2857:Didius Julianus
2837:Marcus Aurelius
2754:
2746:
2736:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2666:Anicius Maximus
2658:
2654:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2611:
2594:
2592:
2584:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2508:
2503:
2402:
2381:
2362:
2338:
2309:
2264:
2243:
2224:
2203:
2179:
2156:
2133:
2114:
2091:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1869:Meyendorff 1989
1867:
1863:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:, p. 1207.
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1684:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1490:
1489:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1314:
1298:Joannes Zonaras
1296:
1292:
1285:
1266:
1262:
1255:British Library
1245:
1241:
1225:Constantine VII
1223:
1219:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1127:
1123:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1031:
996:
959:
958:
957:
956:
948:
947:
946:
938:
937:
926:
887:
765:
763:Foreign affairs
756:
704:
664:Bronze head of
617:
527:(born 483) and
520:
495:Bederiana near
481:
362:
322:
313:
287:
279:
260:
252:
244:
224:
138:
125:
122:
54:
42:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Anastasian War
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3978:
3973:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3838:
3814:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3774:Theodora (III)
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3670:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3636:
3624:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Constantine VI
3586:
3581:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Theodosius III
3550:
3545:
3540:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3498:Constantine IV
3495:
3490:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:Eastern Empire
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:Western Empire
3232:
3231:
3224:
3212:Magnus Maximus
3208:
3206:Valentinian II
3203:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3138:Constantius II
3135:
3133:Constantine II
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3001:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Antoninus Pius
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2755:27 BC – AD 235
2748:
2747:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2690:
2673:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2649:
2633:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2574:Regnal titles
2571:
2570:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2520:Gibbon, Edward
2517:
2507:
2506:External links
2504:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2476:
2457:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2366:
2360:
2342:
2336:
2313:
2307:
2292:
2282:Chisholm, Hugh
2268:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2228:
2222:
2207:
2201:
2183:
2177:
2160:
2154:
2137:
2131:
2118:
2112:
2095:
2089:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:, p. 944.
2052:
2020:
2007:
1989:(3): 347–435.
1966:
1964:, p. 395.
1954:
1909:
1907:, p. 294.
1897:
1885:
1873:
1871:, p. 222.
1861:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1758:
1721:
1709:
1673:
1661:
1631:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1570:
1550:
1513:
1478:
1476:, p. 658.
1466:
1450:
1448:, p. 210.
1435:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1386:Procopius 1927
1378:
1363:
1361:, p. 350.
1351:
1339:
1327:
1312:
1290:
1283:
1260:
1239:
1217:
1187:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1121:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1055:
1030:
1027:
995:
992:
973:comes Orientis
950:
949:
940:
939:
931:
930:
929:
928:
927:
925:
922:
895:Pope Hormisdas
891:Acacian schism
886:
883:
764:
761:
755:
752:
744:Christological
680:had served as
616:
613:
560:Constantinople
480:
477:
472:Acacian schism
417:Iustinus Thrax
364:
363:
361:
360:
353:
346:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
317:
315:Leonid dynasty
303:
302:
298:
297:
296:
295:
288:
285:
280:
277:
272:
261:
258:
253:
250:
245:
242:
234:
233:
229:
228:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
164:
163:
160:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
140:Constantinople
135:
131:
130:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4166:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4078:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3844:
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3839:
3836:
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3824:
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3818:
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3811:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3797:
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3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
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3762:
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3725:
3722:
3719:
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3713:
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3707:
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3698:
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3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3656:Theodora (II)
3654:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3605:
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3600:
3597:
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3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:Constantine V
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Anastasius II
3546:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3505:
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3499:
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3494:
3491:
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3482:
3479:
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3474:
3472:
3469:
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3466:
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3411:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Theodosius II
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Valentinian I
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:Constantine I
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:Constantius I
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2678:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2343:
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2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2017:
2011:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1905:Mitchell 2007
1901:
1894:
1893:Mitchell 2007
1889:
1883:, p. 64.
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1850:
1842:
1835:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1717:Vasiliev 1950
1713:
1697:
1693:
1692:www.doaks.org
1689:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1669:Mitchell 2007
1665:
1649:
1645:
1644:ocafs.oca.org
1641:
1635:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1599:, p. 89.
1598:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1412:, p. 96.
1411:
1406:
1400:, p. 75.
1399:
1394:
1388:, p. 73.
1387:
1382:
1376:, p. 73.
1375:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1349:, p. 23.
1348:
1347:Browning 2003
1343:
1336:
1331:
1325:, p. 63.
1324:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1284:0-486-20399-9
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1234:De Ceremoniis
1226:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1115:De Ceremoniis
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1000:
991:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
974:
969:
964:
954:
944:
935:
921:
919:
914:
912:
908:
903:
901:
896:
892:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
817:
813:
806:
801:
797:
795:
790:
785:
781:
776:
769:
760:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
701:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
679:
671:
667:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:
634:
633:
628:
624:
623:
612:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
594:
589:
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
556:
550:
546:
538:
530:
526:
514:
510:
507:). He was of
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
476:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
440:
433:
422:
418:
414:
410:
401:
400:
393:
382:
378:
374:
370:
359:
354:
352:
347:
345:
340:
339:
337:
336:
329:
325:
321:
318:
316:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
293:
289:
286:582–602
284:
281:
278:578–582
276:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:565–578
257:
254:
251:527–565
249:
246:
243:518–527
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
222:
221:
214:
211:
207:
204:
201:
199:
195:
186:
183:
179:
174:
169:
165:
161:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
39:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3986:Andronikos V
3984:
3967:
3915:
3883:
3861:
3849:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3808:
3802:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3676:
3659:
3647:
3630:
3618:
3612:
3599:Nikephoros I
3574:
3573:
3567:
3534:
3531:Justinian II
3526:Tiberius III
3516:Justinian II
3507:
3501:
3484:
3436:
3412:
3408:Anastasius I
3399:
3343:
3339:Julius Nepos
3331:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3201:Theodosius I
3188:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3118:Maximinus II
3105:
3007:
2990:
2977:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2880:
2842:Lucius Verus
2684:
2677:Roman consul
2675:
2643:
2637:Roman consul
2635:
2601:
2595:
2587:
2582:Anastasius I
2568:1 August 527
2565:
2558:
2551:
2523:
2495:
2480:
2462:
2444:
2427:
2410:
2390:
2370:
2350:
2321:
2318:"Iustinus 4"
2297:
2285:
2252:
2232:
2212:
2191:
2164:
2145:
2122:
2101:
2079:
2060:Hogarth 1911
2055:
2035:
2028:John Malalas
2023:
2015:
2010:
2000:22 September
1998:. Retrieved
1986:
1982:
1969:
1957:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1782:Project Muse
1781:
1749:. Retrieved
1740:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1696:the original
1691:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1643:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1614:www.well.com
1613:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1560:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1532:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:the original
1495:
1469:
1453:
1446:Chapman 1971
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1323:Cameron 2000
1305:
1293:
1273:
1263:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1220:
1208:
1195:John Malalas
1190:
1176:
1164:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1098:
1093:
1032:
1007:
1005:
982:
978:Chalcedonian
971:
960:
915:
904:
888:
864:
845:
825:
809:
777:
774:
757:
740:Chalcedonian
709:
689:
686:John Malalas
675:
651:Great Palace
636:
630:
620:
618:
591:
588:Anastasius I
577:
563:
557:
513:Illyro-Roman
509:Thraco-Roman
482:
479:Early career
469:
463:was Empress
438:
408:
398:
368:
367:
319:
310:
239:
88:Anastasius I
35:
18:
4134:Iberian War
4045:(1224–1242)
4039:(1204–1461)
3828:Konstantios
3705:Christopher
3678:Constantine
3668:Michael III
3649:Constantine
3632:Constantine
3614:Theophylact
3543:Philippicus
3493:Constans II
3418:Justinian I
3314:Severus III
3262:Constans II
3016:Claudius II
2992:Silbannacus
2939:Gordian III
2914:Maximinus I
2882:Diadumenian
2609:Justinian I
2598:Justinian I
1016:, a former
924:Later years
911:Pope John I
836:consecrated
784:Ostrogothic
748:Monophysite
732:consecrated
718:during the
457:Justinian I
320:Followed by
311:Preceded by
275:Tiberius II
248:Justinian I
182:Regnal name
98:Justinian I
84:Predecessor
79:10 July 518
4109:527 deaths
4104:450 births
4093:Categories
3822:Andronikos
3810:Nikephoros
3759:Michael IV
3724:Romanos II
3644:Theophilos
3639:Michael II
3620:Staurakios
3604:Staurakios
3576:Nikephoros
3569:Artabasdos
3481:Heraclonas
3438:Theodosius
3396:Basiliscus
3156:Nepotianus
3149:Magnentius
3143:Constans I
3096:Severus II
3076:Diocletian
3021:Quintillus
2986:Aemilianus
2979:Volusianus
2924:Gordian II
2889:Elagabalus
2752:Principate
2656:Vitalianus
2653:Rusticius,
2070:References
2032:Book 17–18
1597:Croke 2001
1474:Jones 1986
1460:, p.
1410:Evans 1996
1398:Croke 2001
1374:Russu 1976
1359:Mócsy 2014
1335:Binns 1996
1045:, king of
963:earthquake
879:Belisarius
750:leanings.
696:Theocritus
622:silentarii
615:Succession
565:excubitors
529:Vigilantia
521: 455
301:Succession
292:Theodosius
232:Chronology
123: 450
104:Co-emperor
75:Coronation
4064:Classical
4049:Empresses
4033:(286–296)
4027:(267–273)
4021:(260–274)
3764:Michael V
3690:Alexander
3503:Heraclius
3471:Heraclius
3423:Justin II
3333:Glycerius
3320:Anthemius
3190:Procopius
3128:Martinian
3107:Maxentius
3036:Florianus
3009:Saloninus
3004:Gallienus
2973:Hostilian
2949:Philip II
2919:Gordian I
2867:Caracalla
2802:Vespasian
2797:Vitellius
2548:Justin I
2489:310492065
2453:181135507
1949:162788360
1927:CiteSeerX
1795:20 August
1751:20 August
1702:21 August
1654:20 August
1624:20 August
1543:21 August
1506:20 August
1156:Footnotes
1051:Anazarbus
1023:Justinian
994:Justinian
859:Christian
794:Athalaric
780:Theoderic
724:Chalcedon
609:concubine
602:barbarian
598:Procopius
549:Praejecta
545:Marcellus
537:Justin II
485:swineherd
432:translit.
399:Ioustînos
392:translit.
386:Ἰουστῖνος
256:Justin II
203:Justinian
127:Bederiana
94:Successor
46:iustinus
4059:Usurpers
4054:Augustae
4012:See also
3917:Nicholas
3739:Basil II
3536:Tiberius
3521:Leontius
3509:Tiberius
3486:Tiberius
3464:610–1453
3459:Eastern/
3413:Justin I
3366:Arcadius
3326:Olybrius
3308:Majorian
3249:Honorius
3228:Eugenius
3163:Vetranio
3113:Licinius
3086:Galerius
3081:Maximian
3066:Dominate
3056:Numerian
3026:Aurelian
2999:Valerian
2944:Philip I
2934:Balbinus
2929:Pupienus
2877:Macrinus
2852:Pertinax
2847:Commodus
2812:Domitian
2777:Claudius
2772:Caligula
2767:Tiberius
2762:Augustus
2646:Eutharic
2539:Justin I
2472:11360298
2348:(1989).
2274:(1911).
2189:(2012).
1991:Archived
1786:Archived
1745:Archived
1648:Archived
1618:Archived
1537:Archived
1310:, XIV 5.
1271:(1958).
1184:VIII, 1.
1057:See also
1043:Thoros I
1039:Caesarea
1037:city of
1035:Cilician
1014:Theodora
907:Arianism
885:Religion
867:Kavadh I
855:baptized
789:Eutharic
726:and the
712:Euphemia
700:Amantius
666:Euphemia
499:(modern
465:Euphemia
377:Iustinus
369:Justin I
326:and the
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