1972:
316:
satellite with a mass of 2,140 kg was launched in 2007 but reached a lower than planned orbit due to the poor performance of the third stage's single KVD-1 engine. The satellite subsequently used its own propulsion to get to the planned orbit. Because of this the useful life of the satellite
300:. RD-56 (11D56) engines were developed for N1M rocket programme, the planned derivative of N1, but later they were abandoned due to four successive launch failures of N1. Later the design of the engine was sold to ISRO under the name "KVD-1" under a deal worth $ 120 million with the Soviet agency
325:
In 1991, an agreement was signed between India and Russia for technology transfer to India so that KVD-1 engines can be built indigenously in India. But later in July 1993, US imposed sanctions on ISRO and
Glavkosmos saying it voids the
619:
312:
The engines were proven to be inefficient because of their low thrust-to-weight ratio. Later the
Russian space agency optimised the engine to launch payloads with a mass of 2.5 tonnes or less. The
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342:
The engine was single chamber fueled rocket which could be used as cryogenic engines for launching of spacecraft that could be put in elliptical and geostationary orbits.
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super-heavy lift rocket, with the goal of enabling crewed lunar missions by the USSR. The KVD-1 produces a thrust of 7.5 tonnes.
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which enabled ISRO to import 2 KVD-1 engines and an agreement for transfer of technology from Russia.
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186:
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KVD-1 was originated from the RD-56 engine which were intended to be used for the
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544:. 42nd Joint Propulsion Conference. Sacramento, California: AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE.
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cryogenic engine developed by the Isayev Design Bureau (now KB KhIMMASH) of
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690:
285:
2269:* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
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620:"India overcame US sanctions to develop cryogenic engine"
538:
The First
Russian LOX-LH 2 Expander Cycle LRE: RD0146
320:
455:[Engine KVD-1. Hydrogen Oxygen unit 12KRB].
280:
in the early 1960s. It is a modified version of the
1329:
334:was forced to develop its own cryogenic programme.
453:"Двигатель КВД1. Кислородно-водородный блок 12КРБ"
478:
222:None; uses 2 vernier engines for attitude control
2306:Rocket engines using the staged combustion cycle
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399:"Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)"
390:
921:
675:
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373:KVD-1 was used in following launch vehicles
430:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
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914:
682:
668:
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417:
415:
2301:Rocket engines using hydrogen propellant
585:
346:Unfueled mass: 282 kg (621 lb)
567:"The long road to cryogenic technology"
514:"KVD-1 (left) with its precursor 11D56"
358:Thrust: 69.60 kN (15,647 lbf)
330:. After suffering setback in this case
2288:
412:
291:
86:
909:
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959:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
13:
2296:Rocket engines of the Soviet Union
396:
321:Sanctions imposed by United States
14:
2332:
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328:Missile Technology Control Regime
307:
243:1.58 m (5 ft 2 in)
235:2.14 m (7 ft 0 in)
1970:
774:Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage
689:
618:Laxman, Srinivas (Jan 6, 2014).
421:
595:. justthe80.com. Archived from
535:Rachuk, V.; Titkov, N. (2006).
506:
62:launch, GSLV Mk I final flight
1:
1755:RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213
593:"Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS)"
383:
355:Specific impulse: 462 seconds
2321:India–Soviet Union relations
486:"KVD-1 & S5.92 Brochure"
298:Soviet crewed lunar programs
166:69.6 kN (15,600 lb
7:
337:
181:5.6 MPa (810 psi)
10:
2337:
2316:KB KhimMash rocket engines
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1979:
1968:
1908:
1598:
1320:
1168:
987:
978:
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954:
792:
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573:. Chennai. April 21, 2011
272:was an upper stage LOX/LH
260:
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251:282 kg (622 lb)
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38:
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2311:Rocket engines of Russia
1800:RD-250 to 252, 261, 262
779:Exploration Upper Stage
368:
361:Burn time: 800 seconds
2276:are under development
1664:YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25
1443:RD-107, 108, 117, 118
875:Payload Assist Module
890:Transfer Orbit Stage
865:Inertial Upper Stage
599:on February 23, 2014
1765:RD-0216, 0217, 0235
1428:RD-0107, 0108, 0110
550:10.2514/6.2006-4904
292:Initial development
212:s in a single burn)
21:
16:Soviet rocket stage
632:on January 8, 2014
625:The Times of India
107:Liquid-fuel engine
80:Upper stage engine
19:
2283:
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2225:Space Shuttle SRB
1966:
1965:
1904:
1903:
1594:
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903:
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552:. AIAA 2006-4904.
397:Brügge, Norbert.
267:
266:
139:Staged combustion
25:Country of origin
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1974:
1973:
1810:RD-263, 268, 273
1741:along other LREs
1603:
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1463:RD-191, 151, 181
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628:. Archived from
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463:. Archived from
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364:Nozzle ratio：200
352:Diameter: 1.56 m
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187:Specific impulse
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1739:Paektusan LRE
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1107:KVD-1 (RD-56)
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467:on 2016-03-04
466:
462:
458:
457:kbhmisaeva.ru
454:
448:
434:on 2013-11-20
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145:Configuration
143:
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137:
133:
129:
127:Mixture ratio
125:
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118:
117:Liquid oxygen
115:
111:
108:
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34:
30:
27:
23:
20:KVD-1 (12KRB)
2273:
1814:
1735:North Korea
1506:
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1128:
1116:
1106:
1094:
1037:
1030:
941:solid motors
869:
745:Star 27 / 37
691:Upper stages
634:. Retrieved
630:the original
623:
613:
601:. Retrieved
597:the original
587:
575:. Retrieved
570:
537:
530:
518:. Retrieved
508:
497:. Retrieved
495:. 1998-10-13
480:
469:. Retrieved
465:the original
456:
447:
436:. Retrieved
432:the original
427:
422:Wade, Mark.
403:. Retrieved
392:
372:
341:
324:
311:
295:
269:
268:
218:Gimbal range
58:2010-12-25,
50:debut flight
42:2001-04-20,
39:First flight
2272:Engines in
1919:RD-109, 119
1857:RD-864, 869
1842:RD-854, 861
1805:RD-253, 275
1453:RD-170, 171
636:January 22,
493:KB KhIMMASH
461:KB KhIMMASH
401:. B14643.de
158:Performance
85:Associated
77:Application
71:KB KhIMMASH
55:Last flight
2290:Categories
1659:YF-1, 2, 3
1607:Hypergolic
1579:Rutherford
1298:Prometheus
1260:Archimedes
885:Saturn IVB
603:January 7,
577:January 7,
499:2015-08-03
471:2015-08-03
438:2014-01-07
405:2015-06-01
384:References
302:Glavkosmos
261:References
256:References
227:Dimensions
113:Propellant
2200:Castor 30
2080:Zefiro 40
2075:Zefiro 23
2016:SpaB-140C
1413:NK-33, 44
1323:cryogenic
1169:Methalox
988:Hydrolox
980:Cryogenic
895:Transtage
880:Saturn IV
758:Yuanzheng
725:CTS / SMA
715:Castor 30
571:The Hindu
378:GSLV Mk I
314:INSAT-4CR
201:Burn time
92:GSLV Mk 1
46:Mission,
2215:Orbus-21
2070:Zefiro 9
1833:Ukraine
1611:Aerozine
1599:Storable
1491:Ukraine
1433:RD-0110R
1330:Kerolox
820:Blok 2BL
338:Features
248:Dry mass
240:Diameter
189:, vacuum
177:pressure
175:Chamber
67:Designer
2274:italics
2235:Star 48
2230:Star 37
2210:Orbus-6
2131:Israel
2065:Waxwing
2021:Europe
2013:SpaB-65
1915:Russia
1780:RD-0237
1775:RD-0236
1746:Russia
1725:Israel
1685:Europe
1529:Kestrel
1475:S1.5400
1438:RD-0124
1404:Russia
1397:SCE-200
1293:Europe
1286:RD-0169
1281:Russia
1207:Longyun
1200:Lingyun
1118:RD-0146
1112:RD-0120
1103:Russia
1060:Vulcain
1046:Europe
969:Liquid
945:orbital
845:Delta-P
840:Delta-K
835:Delta-D
793:Retired
767:Planned
720:Centaur
424:"RD-56"
150:Chamber
101:Retired
60:GSAT-5P
2190:AJ-60A
2155:KM-V2b
2146:Japan
2120:Salman
2086:India
2060:Topaze
2025:Mage 1
1990:China
1981:Solid
1888:TR-201
1852:RD-856
1847:RD-855
1837:RD-843
1827:S5.98M
1816:RD-270
1710:India
1704:Viking
1694:Astris
1689:Aestus
1679:YF-50D
1655:China
1564:RS-27A
1554:Merlin
1544:LR-105
1508:RD-810
1501:RD-801
1485:TEPREL
1481:Spain
1469:RD-193
1458:RD-180
1448:RD-120
1392:India
1385:Welkin
1378:YF-130
1372:YF-115
1367:YF-102
1362:YF-100
1346:China
1274:Aeon R
1267:Aeon 1
1254:Raptor
1238:YF-215
1231:YF-209
1224:TQ-15A
1188:China
1081:Japan
1070:CE-7.5
1066:India
1021:YF-75D
1007:China
830:Burner
825:Blok D
815:Astris
810:Altair
740:Fregat
698:Active
520:13 May
278:Russia
232:Length
210:
208:s (600
206:
194:
98:Status
44:GSAT-1
33:Russia
2255:X-254
2250:X-248
2240:UA120
2220:Orion
2195:Algol
2180:SRB-A
2175:M-34c
2150:KM-V1
2140:RSA-3
2116:Iran
2050:P120C
2009:FG-47
2004:FG-46
1999:FG-36
1994:FG-02
1955:XLR81
1949:RS-88
1944:Curie
1934:Gamma
1909:Other
1893:XLR81
1882:RS-88
1877:LR-91
1872:LR-87
1822:S5.92
1750:17D61
1719:Vikas
1699:Vexin
1674:YF-40
1669:YF-23
1642:, or
1622:, or
1616:UH 25
1584:XLR50
1569:RS-56
1559:RS-27
1539:LR-89
1534:LR-79
1418:RD-58
1408:NK-15
1356:TH-12
1350:TH-11
1321:Semi-
1218:TQ-12
1213:TQ-11
1193:BF-20
1158:RS-68
1153:RS-25
1130:BE-3U
1075:CE-20
1055:Vinci
1039:YF-90
1032:YF-79
1026:YF-77
1016:YF-75
1011:YF-73
870:KVD-1
855:FG-02
800:Agena
753:Volga
735:DM-03
542:(PDF)
516:. ESA
489:(PDF)
282:RD-56
270:KVD-1
135:Cycle
2245:SRMU
2170:M-34
2165:M-24
2160:M-14
2135:LK-1
2125:Rafe
2110:S200
2105:S139
2055:P230
1983:fuel
1867:AJ10
1729:LK-4
1624:UDMH
1574:S-3D
1495:RD-8
1334:RP-1
1305:M-10
1249:BE-4
1148:RL10
1137:BE-7
1096:LE-9
1090:LE-7
1085:LE-5
1050:HM7B
971:fuel
943:for
939:and
860:Ikar
850:EPKM
805:Able
784:KVTK
748:/ 48
730:DCSS
710:Briz
705:AVUM
638:2014
605:2014
579:2014
522:2023
332:ISRO
48:GSLV
29:USSR
2205:GEM
2100:S12
2045:P80
2040:PAP
2035:P-6
2030:P-4
1930:UK
1714:PS4
1644:HNO
1640:MON
1620:MMH
1524:H-1
1519:F-1
1338:LOX
1180:LOX
1143:J-2
999:LOX
546:doi
369:Use
286:N-1
204:800
192:462
2292::
2095:S9
2090:S7
1638:,
1627:/
1618:,
1613:,
1336:/
1178:/
1173:CH
997:/
992:LH
622:.
569:.
558:^
491:.
426:.
414:^
119:/
87:LV
1957:*
1951:*
1895:*
1884:*
1649:)
1646:3
1635:4
1633:O
1631:2
1629:N
1609:(
1340:)
1332:(
1182:)
1175:4
1171:(
1001:)
994:2
990:(
929:e
922:t
915:v
683:e
676:t
669:v
640:.
607:.
581:.
548::
524:.
502:.
474:.
441:.
408:.
274:2
196:s
170:)
168:f
130:6
31:/
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