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took place in 1956, the first of the FLN. The flipside of being such a critical region for the independence movement was being one of the major target of French counter-insurgency operations, not least the devastation of agricultural lands, looting, destruction of villages, population displacement,
1703:"The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XIV:2001400Averil Cameron, Brian Ward-Perkins, Michael Whitby, editors. The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XIV: Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, AD 425-600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001. xx+1,166pp, ISBN: 0 521 32591 9 £110.00 ($ 160.00)"
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in the 19th century which asserted that the Kabyle people were more predisposed than Arabs to assimilate into "French civilization." Lacoste explained that "turning the Arabs into invaders was one way of legitimizing the French presence". Prior to the creation of the term in the 1840s, Kabyles
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describes the early
Fatimid state as being "a hegemony of the Kutama and Sanhaja Berbers over the eastern and central Maghrib" and Loimeier states that rebellions against the Fatimids were also expressed through protest and opposition to Kutama rule. The weakening of the Abbasids allowed
1741:"https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9913904915702931&context=L&vid=01GALI_UGA:UGA&search_scope=MyInstitution&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=LibraryCatalog&query=sub,exact,Africa,%20North%20--%20History&offset=25&lang=en"
700:, the role of the Kutama in the Fatimid army was greatly weakened as he significantly reduced their size in the army and included new socio-military groups. In 969 under the command of Jawhar, the Fatimid troops conquered Egypt from the Ikhsidids, the general
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was instrumental in this success: he led the troops that crossed the river Nile and according to al-Maqrizi, captured the boats used to do this from a fleet sent by
Ikhshidid loyalists from Lower Egypt. The general Ja’far then invaded Palestine and conquered
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system, which resulted in two years of armed confrontation in the region. The rebellion was defeated, leaving more than four hundred dead, and most of the FLN leaders from
Kabylia and the eastern provinces either executed or forced into exile.
1089:, a confederation of ancestral local councils over the situation, alongside wider issues such as social justice and the economy, which was deemed by the government as 'regionalist' and dangerous for national unity and cohesion. Nevertheless,
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These resulted in the extrajudicial imprisonment of thousands of
Kabylie intellectuals, along with other clashes in Tizi-Ouzou and Algiers in 1984 and 1985. With the opening up and establishment of the multi-party system in 1989, the
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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rapidly built a strong following throughout France and
Algeria in the 1930s and actively trained militants who became key players during the struggle for independence and in building an independent Algerian state.
2017:
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1104:, founded in June 2001, has called for self-government for the region since 2011. The MAK was renamed as "Mouvement pour l'Autodétermination de la Kabylie" seeking independence from Algeria.
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and its associates emerged in
Kabylia with influence covering most of today's Algeria, whereas the Zirid's territory extended eastward to cover the area of modern Tunisia. Both the
1387:
566:, the Kabyles were able to temporarily control and possess their mountains, It was not until 1857 that Kabylia as a whole was fully and entirely conquered and subdued by France.
1085:, in which 123 people died and some two thousand were wounded as a result of the authorities' violent crackdown. Eventually, the government was compelled to negotiate with the
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in 534. The surviving
Vandals then assimilated into the native Berber population. During the rule of the Romans, Vandals and Byzantines, the Kabyle people were some of the few
756:
captured and held important regions such as
Ouargla, Constantine, Sfax, Susa, Algiers, Tripoli and Fez establishing their rule in every country in the Maghreb region. The
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A Berber family emerged as formidable leaders in the unique Berber form of elected delegates form of government (through financial contribution and thus influence), the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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488:(قبائل) which has two meanings, the first one is tribes that live among sedentary populations and the second is 'to accept', which Arabs after the
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Between the two lies the mountain range of Agawa, which is the most populous and is 800 m high on average. The largest town of Great
Kabylia,
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Following the death in April 2001 of
Massinissa Guermah, a young high school student, in police custody, major riots took place, known as the
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1188:(formerly "Fort-National" in French occupation), which numbered 28,000 inhabitants in 2001, is the highest urban centre of the area.
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was freed, accepted as the Imam of the movement, and installed as the first Caliph and founder of the ruling dynasty. The historian
942:) and the high levels of support and collaboration of its inhabitants for the nationalist cause. Several historic leaders of the
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1491:. Kabylia produces less than 15% of Algerian GDP (excluding oil and gas). Industries include: pharmaceutical industry in Bgayet
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The history of Kabylie started to appear in the classical books during the fourth century AD with the revolt of the commander
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Though the region was the last stronghold against French colonization, the area was gradually taken over by the French after
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From the moment of independence, tensions had already developed between Kabyle leaders and the central government, with the
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Halm, Heinz (2014). "Fāṭimids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.).
878:.) Colonization also resulted in an acceleration of the emigration into other areas of the country and outside of it.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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2553:"Algérie: Loi no 91-05 du 16 janvier 1991 portant généralisation de l'utilisation de la langue arabe"
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Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa
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in 1857 marked a decisive French victory, with sporadic outbursts of violence continuing as late as
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Africa, Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of (1992).
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870:. Many arrests and deportations were carried out by the French in response to uprisings, mainly to
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There are a number of flora and fauna associated with this region. Notable is a population of the
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Algerian migrant workers in France organized the first party promoting independence in the 1920s.
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populations of Algeria prior to the French invasion. The word 'Kabyle' is a distortion of the
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of Algeria, and as of 7 February 2016, an official language of the State alongside Arabic.
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The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies, Volume 24
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and hill farming is gradually giving way to local industry (textile and agro-alimentary).
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substratum, with Arabic loanwords representing 35% to 46% of the total Kabyle vocabulary.
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993:(Kabylie and Algiers), opposing the FLN's Political Bureau centred around the person of
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ruled land in what is now Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Libya, Spain, Malta and Italy. The
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in North Africa in 435. Their rule lasted for 99 years until they were conquered by the
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Valley (south), that is to say, 200 km by 100 km, beginning 50 km from
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Chaker, Salem (2001). "Berber Challenge in Algeria: The State of the Question".
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in 1980, Kabyles have been at the forefront of the fight for recognition of the
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Saladin, the Almohads and the Banū Ghāniya: The Contest for North Africa: Pg 42
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conquered all of North Africa as well as Sicily and parts of the Middle East.
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and made himself the master of the city and then he moved north and conquered
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in all fields of education entered into force, further worsening tensions.
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663:. After the conquest of Ifriqiya, the Fatimids conquered the realm of the
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meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a mountainous coastal region in northern
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The traditional economy of the area is based on arboriculture (orchards,
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The area is populated by Kabyles, a Berber ethnic group. They speak the
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2198:"The Fāṭimid Conquest of Egypt — Military Political and Social Aspects"
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Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area (1979).
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African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century
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In the north, the mountain range of maritime Kabylia, culminating with
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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throughout the centuries were actively and fully assimilated into the
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1025:. As early as 1963 the FFS called into question the authority of the
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Berbers from Little Kabylie helped contribute to the founding of the
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Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006).
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Algérie: Chroniques d'une expérience postcoloniale de modernisation
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Sketches of Algeria During the Kabyle War By Hugh Mulleneux: Pg 118
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Language Conflict in Algeria: From Colonialism to Post-Independence
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in Algeria. It is spoken by 3 million people and has significant
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Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen): Pg 55 & 56
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War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th-15th Centuries
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Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series
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In April 1980, following the banning of a conference by writer
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resulted in the creation of the Caliphate, although the ruling
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2018:
International Journal of Economic and Social History, Volume 8
1583:"Kabylie | Algeria Region, History & Culture | Britannica"
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on traditional Kabyle poetry, riots and strikes broke out in
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2475:"Algérie: Données historiques et conséquences linguistiques"
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Lesser Kabylia, comprising Kabylia of Bibans and Kabylia of
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Location of Kabylia in central Algeria (northwestern Africa)
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Baldauf, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert B. (1 January 2007).
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Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life: Africa
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Today Kabylia is one of the most industrialised parts of
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Three large chains of mountains occupy most of the area:
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Berber Culture on the World Stage: From Village to Video
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which they also briefly conquered. There the imprisoned
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1062:(Rally for Culture and Democracy) party was created by
1053:, demanding the officialisation and recognition of the
2297:. Oxfordislamicstudies.com. 6 May 2008. Archived from
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Scottish Geographical Magazine, Volume 10; Volume 1894
1135:(east), and from the Mediterranean Sea (north) to the
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in North Africa who remained independent. During the
2777:"Algérie: Situation géographique et démolinguistique"
2575:"Algérie: Les droits linguistiques des berbérophones"
2133:
Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology
1173:, dominating the valley of Soummam, culminating with
791:
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established their rule in the Maghreb countries. The
369:
16:
Region of northern Algeria inhabited by Kabyle people
1963:
The Shi'i World: Pathways in Tradition and Modernity
384:
378:
58:
2497:"Petite histoire de la question berbère en Algérie"
375:
2723:"Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus) - iGoTerra.com"
2244:. Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222.
2011:
680:Fatimid-Kutama power to quickly expand and in 959
1074:at the same time that a law requiring the use of
631:Between 902 and 909 AD, after being converted to
433:mountain range and is located at the edge of the
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2774:
2432:
1530:, and the 6th largest on the Mediterranean Sea.
2951:
2747:
2433:Le Saout, Didier; Rollinde, Marguerite (1999).
1912:Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
1007:Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
3044:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1843:The Barbary Coast By Henry Martyn Field: Pg 93
1507:and other small towns of western Kabylia, and
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
3027:
2937:
2812:
2242:"East-West Orientation of Historical Empires"
2128:
2126:
1659:Froude, James Anthony; Tulloch, John (1862).
1658:
2083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1821:The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 1: Pg 568
539:and his brother Guildon against the empire.
2866:"Tmurt Iqvayliyen ass-agi", Maxime Ait Kaki
2741:
2725:. Globaltwitcher.auderis.se. Archived from
2699:Histoire de Kabylie: Le point de vue kabyle
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3020:
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2461:, Paris, Bordas, Vol. 3, (1996 ), p. 3082.
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2144:
2135:- Roman Loimeier Indiana University Press,
2123:
1102:Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK)
724:. Beyond their immediate Zirid territory (
593:remove low-quality or irrelevant citations
2609:. 10 June 2003. p. 9. Archived from
2557:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde,
2408:Harbi, Mohammed; Stora, Benjamin (2005).
2346:
2295:"Kabylia - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
2039:
688:the Sicilian and a Kutama army conquered
611:Learn how and when to remove this message
492:used for local populations that accepted
200:
2839:
2781:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
2579:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
2479:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde
2435:Émeutes et Mouvements sociaux au Maghreb
2138:
2040:Gall, Timothy L.; Hobby, Jeneen (2009).
1788:The Middle East and North Africa: Pg 156
1631:
1608:"Kabylie | region, Algeria | Britannica"
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3300:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
2843:The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber
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2754:. Indiana University Press. p. 7.
2494:
2200:. Israel Oriental Studies. 9: 315–328.
2073:. , Department of the Army. p. 15.
2066:
1973:
1935:
1832:The art journal London, Volume 4: Pg 45
836:Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1871)
832:Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha (1846)
253:25,000 km (10,000 sq mi)
3334:
2816:Language Planning and Policy in Africa
2603:Algeria: Unrest and Impasse in Kabylia
2521:
2459:Dictionnaire encyclopédique d'Histoire
1908:
1662:Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country
1565:"Centre de Recherche Berbère - Kabyle"
963:the creation of forbidden zones, etc.
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2808:
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2670:(1): 20850B–20850C. 1 February 2016.
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2320:Davis, Diana K. (11 September 2007).
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2218:First Crusader: Byzantium's Holy Wars
1939:Historical Dictionary of the Ismailis
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523:Kabylia was a part of the Kingdom of
2819:. Multilingual Matters. p. 50.
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2347:Ferdinand, Klaus (11 January 2013).
2000:
1876:Walks in Algiers and Its Surrounding
1810:The Kabyle People By Glora M. Wysner
1677:"North Africa - The Vandal conquest"
1638:. Multilingual Matters. p. 27.
820:Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha
627:Origin and conquests of the Fatimids
568:
18:
2748:Jane E. Goodman (3 November 2005).
2272:Islam: Art and Architecture: Pg 614
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1700:
1281:as an official one in Algeria (see
651:, whose support in the conquest of
415:
13:
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2840:Kossmann, Maarten (18 July 2013).
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1522:)'s port is the second biggest in
958:. It was also in Kabylia that the
792:French colonisation and resistance
696:in Morocco. During the reign of
14:
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2775:Leclerc, Jacques (5 April 2009).
2662:"ALGERIA: Tamazight Recognised".
2457:Mourre, Michel (ed.), 'Kabyles',
2172:Lev, Ya'acov (22 February 2022).
2029:Chroniques des années algériennes
1632:Benrabah, Mohamed (16 May 2013).
1127:Greater Kabylia, which runs from
946:came from this region, including
800:First mass in Kabylia during the
709:, the capital, he then conquered
3367:Geography of Tizi Ouzou Province
3131:
2878:"Tadamsa taqbaylit", Saεid Duman
2676:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2016.06822.x
1898:The art journal London, Volume 4
1865:The Twentieth Century, Volume 71
1037:Demonstration by Kabyles in 2014
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3362:Geography of Boumerdès Province
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2701:. Yoran Embanner. p. 179.
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2495:Temlali, Yassin (1 May 2006).
1942:. Scarecrow Press. p. 3.
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901:French colonists invented the
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490:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
470:French colonization of Algeria
93:You may also add the template
1:
3377:Historical regions in Algeria
2110:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
1550:
1472:) and on the craft industry (
1227:
586:excessive number of citations
564:Arab conquest of North Africa
519:North Africa during Antiquity
460:are also located in Kabylia.
410:, meaning "Land of Kabyles",
3357:Geography of Béjaïa Province
2376:"Veillée d'armes en Kabylie"
2231:Black, Parbury, & Allen,
1974:Nanjira, Daniel Don (2010).
1323:region is home to dozens of
1107:
1093:was recognised in 2002 as a
512:
7:
3347:Cultural regions of Algeria
2953:Cultural regions of Algeria
2148:Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten
2004:An Atlas of African History
1887:The United Service Magazine
1719:10.1108/rr.2001.15.7.43.400
1533:
1511:and oil refining in Bgayet
1334:, including the following:
508:Topographic map of Kabylia.
10:
3393:
2607:International Crisis Group
2353:. Routledge. p. 185.
1915:. J. Currey. p. 164.
1463:
1388:Zawiyet Sidi M'Hamed Saadi
1308:
1302:
1288:
1231:
1192:
970:
874:(hence the origins of the
840:Battle of Boudouaou (1871)
828:First Battle of the Issers
813:
810:French conquest of Algeria
807:
802:French conquest of Algeria
516:
499:
57:Machine translation, like
3352:Natural regions of Africa
3308:
3292:
3251:
3140:
3129:
3050:
2995:
2959:
2412:. Hachette. p. 324.
2326:. Ohio University Press.
2098:Orientalia, Volumes 54-55
1503:, mechanical industry in
1407:Zawiyet Sidi Ali Debbaghi
824:First Battle of Boudouaou
329:
319:
298:
286:
270:
262:
257:
249:
244:
216:
194:
159:
147:
138:
126:
95:{{Translated|fr|Kabylie}}
38:the corresponding article
2524:Race, Gender & Class
2437:. Karthala. p. 46.
2350:Islam: State And Society
2070:Algeria, a Country Study
2007:. E. Arnold. p. 11.
1980:. ABC-CLIO. p. 92.
1936:Daftary, Farhad (2012).
1376:Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif
1352:Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi
1298:Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi
876:Algerians of the Pacific
728:/Congregation), another
673:Abdullāh al-Mahdī Billah
425:and the homeland of the
2635:Addi, Lahouari (2012).
1701:Day, Alan (July 2001).
1681:Encyclopedia Britannica
744:empires as well as the
463:
458:Djurdjura National Park
104:For more guidance, see
3163:Chittagong Hill Tracts
3003:
2697:Zirem, Youcef (2013).
2176:. BRILL. p. 145.
2151:. BRILL. p. 399.
1509:petrochemical industry
1300:
1202:
1120:
1038:
1013:) was defeated by the
983:Socialist Forces Front
977:Black Spring (Algeria)
816:Raid on Reghaïa (1837)
805:
628:
550:people, established a
509:
3001:
2846:. BRILL. p. 98.
2046:. Gale. p. 329.
1545:Kabylia football team
1495:, agro-alimentary in
1426:Zawiyet Sidi Ghobrini
1364:Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
1296:
1200:
1115:
1036:
971:Further information:
799:
626:
517:Further information:
507:
454:Gouraya National Park
300: • Summer (
106:Knowledge:Translation
77:copyright attribution
2196:Lev, Yaacov (1979).
2001:Fage, J. D. (1958).
1745:esploro.libs.uga.edu
1327:affiliated with the
1283:Languages of Algeria
1164:Tifrit n'Ait El Hadj
1023:1962 Algerian crisis
782:Kingdom of Ait Abbas
442:provinces of Algeria
429:. It is part of the
131:Tamurt n Yiqbayliyen
3208:Southern Azerbaijan
2907:Wilaya-boumerdes.dz
2616:on 22 December 2020
2410:La Guerre d'Algérie
2145:Heinz Halm (1996).
1315:List of Sufi Orders
1055:Tamazight language.
940:mountainous terrain
920:War of Independence
914:In the Algerian War
858:Battle of Icheriden
440:Kabylia covers two
231:Tizi Ouzou Province
218:Provinces - Wilayas
175: /
3372:Berbers in Algeria
3004:
2791:on 24 January 2010
2485:, 14 January 2012.
2301:on 13 January 2015
1612:www.britannica.com
1587:www.britannica.com
1445:Zawiyet Sidi Salem
1305:Zawiyas in Algeria
1301:
1203:
1169:In the south, the
1121:
1039:
991:wilayas III and IV
967:After independence
960:Soummam conference
806:
770:Regency of Algiers
764:Regency of Algiers
629:
527:(202 BC – 46 BC).
510:
263: • Total
250: • Total
85:interlanguage link
3329:
3328:
3218:Southern Mongolia
3183:Iranian Kurdistan
3009:
3008:
2853:978-90-04-25309-4
2826:978-1-84769-011-1
2708:978-2-914855-98-3
2648:978-9947-851-99-9
2444:978-2-86537-998-9
2419:978-2-01-279279-1
2360:978-1-136-09986-1
2333:978-0-8214-1751-5
2183:978-90-04-47447-5
2053:978-1-4144-4883-1
1987:978-0-313-37982-6
1949:978-0-8108-6164-0
1922:978-0-85255-093-9
1767:External link in
1707:Reference Reviews
1645:978-1-84769-965-7
1571:on 6 August 2017.
1438:Khemis El-Khechna
1143:, the capital of
1095:national language
1003:Houari Boumediene
922:(1954–1962), the
702:Ja'far ibn Fallah
649:Fatimid Caliphate
621:
620:
613:
435:Mediterranean Sea
404:Tamurt n Leqbayel
354:
353:
117:
116:
50:
46:
3384:
3243:West Balochistan
3173:Gilgit Baltistan
3135:
3113:Western Togoland
3103:Rehoboth Basters
3036:
3029:
3022:
3013:
3012:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2902:Tiziouzou-dz.com
2879:
2876:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2787:. Archived from
2785:Université Laval
2772:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:on 19 April 2012
2719:
2713:
2712:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2600:
2592:
2586:
2583:Université Laval
2568:
2562:
2560:Université Laval
2546:
2540:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2492:
2486:
2483:Université Laval
2468:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2121:
2112:. Brill Online.
2106:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1567:. Archived from
1561:
1453:
1434:
1415:
1396:
1340:Zawiya Thaalibia
1332:Sufi brotherhood
1166:(Tamgout 1278 m)
987:Hocine Aït Ahmed
948:Hocine Aït Ahmed
635:and won over by
616:
609:
605:
602:
596:
577:
576:
569:
556:Byzantine Empire
417:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
305:
212:
208:
206:
205:
190:
189:
187:
186:
185:
180:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
152:
143:
124:
123:
96:
90:
63:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3304:
3288:
3247:
3136:
3127:
3046:
3042:Members of the
3040:
3010:
3005:
3002:Flag of Algeria
2993:
2955:
2950:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2811:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2695:
2691:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2598:
2596:"Report No. 15"
2594:
2593:
2589:
2585:, 20 April 2010
2571:Jacques Leclerc
2569:
2565:
2549:Jacques Leclerc
2547:
2543:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2489:
2471:Jacques Leclerc
2469:
2465:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2124:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1536:
1466:
1447:
1428:
1409:
1390:
1317:
1307:
1291:
1279:Berber language
1244:Berber language
1240:Kabyle language
1236:
1230:
1218:Macaca sylvanus
1214:Barbary macaque
1195:
1123:Main features:
1116:Landscape near
1110:
1043:Mouloud Mammeri
1019:Ahmed Ben Bella
995:Ahmed Ben Bella
985:(FFS) party of
979:
969:
916:
895:Belkacem Radjef
842:
812:
794:
774:Kingdom of Kuku
766:
657:Fatimid dynasty
617:
606:
600:
597:
590:
584:may contain an
578:
574:
533:
521:
515:
502:
466:
368:
364:
347:
343:
299:
279:
240:
227:
226:
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183:
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177:
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169:
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162:
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155:
134:
132:
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113:
112:
111:
94:
88:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Crimean Tatars
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:South Moluccas
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:East Turkestan
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Hautes Plaines
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2912:Wilayasetif.dz
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2887:
2886:External links
2884:
2881:
2880:
2868:
2859:
2852:
2832:
2825:
2802:
2767:
2760:
2740:
2714:
2707:
2689:
2654:
2647:
2627:
2587:
2563:
2541:
2530:(3): 135–156.
2514:
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2090:
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1993:
1986:
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1955:
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1403:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1303:Main article:
1290:
1287:
1242:, the largest
1232:Main article:
1229:
1226:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1175:Lalla-Khedidja
1167:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1109:
1106:
968:
965:
915:
912:
854:Cheikh Mokrani
808:Main article:
793:
790:
765:
762:
698:al-Aziz Billah
682:Ziri ibn Manad
667:on the way to
619:
618:
581:
579:
572:
532:
529:
514:
511:
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498:
465:
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352:
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333:
327:
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325:+213 (Algeria)
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3293:North America
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3096:
3094:
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3089:
3086:
3084:
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3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Bellah people
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
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2974:Constantinois
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2849:
2845:
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2836:
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2809:
2807:
2790:
2786:
2783:(in French).
2782:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2761:0-253-11145-5
2757:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2728:
2724:
2718:
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2382:(in French).
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2158:90-04-10056-3
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2019:
2014:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1979:
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1959:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1932:
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3321:West Papuans
3082:
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2917:jijel-dz.org
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908:Arab culture
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880:
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179:36.8°N 4.3°E
118:
81:edit summary
72:
43:
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3158:Balochistan
3063:Barotseland
2897:Elwatan.com
2641:. Barzakh.
2503:(in French)
2380:Le Monde.fr
1686:23 December
1470:olive trees
1448: [
1429: [
1419:Beni Amrane
1410: [
1391: [
1357:Tidjelabine
1068:Arabization
1015:Oujda Group
918:During the
903:Kabyle myth
887:Imache Amar
867:pieds-noirs
768:During the
732:and family
601:August 2024
531:Middle Ages
468:During the
182: /
45:(July 2018)
3336:Categories
3193:Khuzestani
3188:Khmer Krom
3108:Somaliland
3058:Afrikaners
1592:27 January
1551:References
1540:JS Kabylie
1505:Tizi Ouzou
1381:Sidi Daoud
1329:Rahmaniyya
1311:Rahmaniyya
1309:See also:
1273:Since the
1264:Phoenician
1228:Population
1207:endangered
1182:Tizi Ouzou
1131:(west) to
1047:Tizi Ouzou
1011:Tizi Ouzou
1009:(based in
932:wilaya III
891:Si Djilani
814:See also:
784:in modern
780:, and the
778:Tizi Ouzou
776:in modern
694:Sijilmassa
677:Heinz Halm
633:Isma'ilism
446:Tizi Ouzou
431:Tell Atlas
408:Iqbayliyen
281:Iqbayliyen
272:Demonym(s)
258:Population
3269:Catalonia
2892:Cg.gov.dz
2795:8 January
2684:1467-825X
2501:Babel Med
2388:1950-6244
2250:1076-156X
2206:0334-4401
2118:1873-9830
2079:cite book
1750:11 August
1727:0950-4125
1457:Boudouaou
1222:Gibraltar
1186:At Iraten
1171:Djurdjura
1108:Geography
1091:Tamazight
1064:Saïd Sadi
754:Hammadids
669:Sijilmasa
665:Rustamids
560:Imazighen
513:Antiquity
331:Languages
321:Area code
288:Time zone
266:3,450,000
184:36.8; 4.3
99:talk page
40:in French
3264:Brittany
3259:Abkhazia
3123:Zambesia
2969:Algérois
2620:24 March
2536:41674987
2507:24 March
2393:22 March
1760:cite web
1617:18 April
1534:See also
1518:Bgayet (
1482:mountain
1474:tapestry
1177:(2308 m)
758:Fatimids
746:Fatimids
738:Hammadid
734:Hammadid
711:Damascus
653:Ifriqiya
548:Germanic
75:provide
3342:Kabylie
3309:Oceania
3279:Lezghin
3203:Nagalim
3198:Madhesh
3153:Assyria
3083:Kabylia
3078:Haratin
2984:Kabylia
2964:Oranais
2733:6 March
2305:6 March
1528:Algiers
1524:Algeria
1489:Algeria
1480:). The
1478:pottery
1464:Economy
1343:in the
1325:zawiyas
1321:Kabylia
1289:Zawiyas
1210:primate
1201:Kabyles
1193:Ecology
1145:Algeria
1141:Algiers
1137:Soummam
1021:in the
1017:led by
862:Mokrani
715:Tripoli
552:kingdom
544:Vandals
525:Numidia
500:History
486:qaba'il
423:Algeria
361:Kabylie
357:Kabylia
277:Kabyles
210:Algeria
167:36°48′N
128:Kabylia
97:to the
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3233:Taiwan
3118:Yoruba
3088:Ogaden
3073:Biafra
3051:Africa
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1520:Bejaia
1513:Bejaia
1493:Bejaia
1369:Thenia
1345:Issers
1252:French
1248:Arabic
1152:Babors
1133:Bejaia
1129:Thénia
1118:Azazga
1087:Arouch
1076:Arabic
1005:. The
954:, and
893:, and
838:, and
804:, 1837
786:Béjaïa
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722:Zirids
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537:Firmus
482:Arabic
478:Berber
450:Bejaia
412:Arabic
400:Kabyle
349:French
345:Arabic
340:Kabyle
336:Kabyle
236:Béjaïa
207:
196:Region
170:4°18′E
3284:Savoy
3238:Tibet
3223:Sindh
3178:Hmong
3098:Oromo
3093:Ogoni
2989:Aurès
2614:(PDF)
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2532:JSTOR
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1268:Punic
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484:word
309:UTC+1
293:UTC+1
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3141:Asia
2848:ISBN
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