333:
42:
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526:
633:. Chemical stimulation, while more complicated than electrical stimulation, has the distinct advantage of activating cell bodies, but not nearby axons, because only cell bodies and subsequent dendrites contain glutamate receptors. Therefore, chemical stimulation by kainic acid is more localized than electrical stimulation. Both chemical and electrical
628:
Electrical stimulation of designated areas of the brain are generally administered by passing an electric current through a wire that is inserted into the brain to lesion a particular area of the brain. Electrical stimulation indiscriminately destroys anything in the vicinity of the electrode tip,
733:
subunit and also through activation of AMPA receptors, for which it serves as a partial agonist. Also, infusion with kainic acid in the hippocampus of animals results in major damage of pyramidal neurons and subsequent seizure activity. Supply shortages beginning in 2000 have caused the cost of
4454:
4449:
669:-dimethylallyl-l-glutamic acid (prekainic acid). KabC then catalyzes the stereocontrolled formation of the trisubstituted pyrrolidine ring, taking prekainic acid to the final kainic acid. KabC was also able to produce another kainic acid isomer, kainic acid lactone.
724:
excitant that is used in epilepsy research to induce seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10–30 mg/kg in mice. In addition to inducing seizures, kainic acid is excitotoxic and epileptogenic. Kainic acid induces seizures via activation of
658:) genes. This cluster contains an annotated N-prenyltransferase, α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenase, and several retrotransposable elements. To confirm production of kainic acid through the identified cluster, Chekan et al. expressed the genes in
624:
lesion. Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons. In fact, kainate seems to regulate serotonergic activity in the vertebrate retina.
3504:
629:
including neural bodies and axons of neurons passing through; therefore it is difficult to attribute the effects of the lesion to a single area. Chemical stimulation is typically administered through a cannula that is inserted into the brain via
2340:
620:. Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death. Such damage and death of neurons is referred to as an
641:
are performed in comparison to a sham lesion that duplicates all the steps of producing a brain lesion except the one that actually causes the brain damage, that is, injection of kainic acid or administration of an electrical shock.
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1961:
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Kainic acid is utilised in primary neuronal cell cultures and in the acute brain slice preparation to study the physiological effect of excitotoxicity and assess the neuroprotective capabilities of potential therapeutics.
4512:
2280:
4484:
4706:
4592:
1038:
Craig AJ, Housley GD, Fath T (2014). "Modeling excitotoxic ischemic brain injury of cerebellar
Purkinje neurons by intravital and in vitro multi-photon laser scanning microscopy.". In Bakota L, Brandt R (eds.).
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The first step of the pathway involves the N-prenyltransferase, KabA, which allows for the prenylation of L-glutamic acid with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) to form the intermediate
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1325:
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Passos AD, Herculano AM, Oliveira KR, de Lima SM, Rocha FA, Freitas HR, et al. (October 2019). "Regulation of the
Serotonergic System by Kainate in the Avian Retina".
995:
Meade AJ, Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Watt PM, Knuckey NW (November 2010). "AP-1 inhibitory peptides attenuate in vitro cortical neuronal cell death induced by kainic acid".
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potentially cause additional damage to the brain due to the very nature of the inserted electrode or cannula. Therefore, the most effective
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in the central nervous system. Glutamate is produced by the cell's metabolic processes and there are four major classifications of
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A study of the changes in dentate granule cell excitability and inhibition in the kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy
1066:
A study of the changes in dentate granule cell excitability and inhibition in the kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy
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In 2019, Chekan et al. were able to use bioinformatic tools to look for domoic acid gene homologs in the seaweed
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41:
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480:
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1995:
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InChI=1S/C10H15NO4/c1-5(2)7-4-11-9(10(14)15)6(7)3-8(12)13/h6-7,9,11H,1,3-4H2,2H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)
328:
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17:
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654:. Researchers identified a cluster containing genes identified as the kainic acid biosynthesis (
4958:
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2574:
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2179:
2170:
759:
721:
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54:
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1932:
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8:
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1985:
1412:
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124:
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3146:
1116:"Role of GluK1 kainate receptors in seizures, epileptic discharges, and epileptogenesis"
332:
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Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of
160:
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2010:
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1976:
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1095:(4th ed.). Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).
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932:
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783:
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Chekan JR, McKinnie SM, Moore ML, Poplawski SG, Michael TP, Moore BS (June 2019).
279:
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1990:
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1547:
1367:
1340:
439:
1210:
1091:. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV (eds.).
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Laser scanning microscopy and quantitative image analysis of neuronal tissue
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1971:
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1653:
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1457:
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1432:
1407:
1335:
1297:
Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
973:
574:
1114:
Fritsch B, Reis J, Gasior M, Kaminski RM, Rogawski MA (April 2014).
516:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
4537:
4522:
4223:
3923:
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3581:
3415:
3199:
2997:
2904:
2729:
2714:
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2544:
2460:
2350:
2232:
2163:
2153:
2015:
1881:
1779:
1587:
753:
686:
240:
93:)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
662:
coli and validated the enzymatic functions of each proposed gene.
147:
4380:
3613:
3608:
3593:
3430:
3243:
3089:
3079:
3059:
3014:
2500:
2115:
2100:
2066:
2000:
1891:
1769:
1487:
1417:
1397:
1345:
913:"Scalable Biosynthesis of the Seaweed Neurochemical, Kainic Acid"
634:
570:
566:
266:
28:
4738:
4216:
4153:
3833:
3828:
3787:
3680:
3675:
3119:
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2123:
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1377:
1372:
191:
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867:
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4086:
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3903:
3893:
3762:
3752:
3551:
3494:
3114:
2539:
2330:
2056:
1866:
1392:
1382:
1089:"Kainate and Temporal Lobe Epilepsies: 3 decades of progress"
730:
701:
171:
137:
1279:
910:
316:
4637:
4252:
3898:
3757:
3623:
3546:
3484:
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3007:
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2420:
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1831:
1821:
1734:
1567:
1532:
1522:
1320:
590:
586:
231:
4409:
4234:
4135:
4063:
3959:
3810:
3652:
3466:
3352:
2245:
1113:
4566:
994:
1165:"Shortage of kainic acid hampers neuroscience research"
2537:
Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):
569:. Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid
1943:
700:
in 1953. They are called "Kainin-sou" or "Makuri" in
960:Moloney MG (April 1998). "Excitatory amino acids".
676:
Biosynthesis of kainic acid and kainic acid lactone
444:215 °C (419 °F; 488 K) (decomposes)
102:
2-Carboxy-3-carboxymethyl-4-isopropenyl-pyrrolidine
4781:
27:"Kainate" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1236:
5047:
4828:
1037:
278:
4974:
4868:
123:
4753:Tooltip Glutamine aminohydrolase (glutaminase)
2195:
2180:
4366:
3316:
1265:
685:Kainic acid was originally isolated from the
4936:
1093:Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
711:
565:, is an acid that naturally occurs in some
5032:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4414:Tooltip Excitatory amino acid transporters
4373:
4359:
3323:
3309:
3282:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
1272:
1258:
331:
219:
4335:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
4242:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
4143:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
4071:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
3967:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
3818:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
3660:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
3474:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
3360:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
3289:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
1139:
936:
298:
5036:GABA metabolism and transport modulators
5028:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4571:Tooltip Vesicular glutamate transporters
4331:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
1701:
1175:. Chemical and Engineering News: 14–15.
1162:
671:
1169:Chemical & Engineering News Archive
1086:
959:
834:
801:
327:
256:
66:)-3-(Carboxymethyl)-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-
14:
5048:
3012:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:
593:receptors, kainate receptors, and the
573:that acts by activating receptors for
4608:Amido black 10B (naphthol blue black)
4354:
3304:
2168:Other positive allosteric modulators:
1948:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
1253:
1235:
605:. Kainate receptors likely control a
359:Key: VLSMHEGGTFMBBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
199:
179:
3874:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
3726:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
2909:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
870:Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
734:kainic acid to rise significantly.
269:
239:
24:
4786:Tooltip Aspartate aminotransferase
1473:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
1200:
1063:
611:excitatory postsynaptic potentials
25:
5107:
1220:
4833:Tooltip Alanine aminotransferase
597:. Kainic acid is an agonist for
595:metabotropic glutamate receptors
524:
413:
407:
40:
4979:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
4873:Tooltip Glutamate dehydrogenase
4270:Positive allosteric modulators:
4221:Negative allosteric modulators:
4010:Positive allosteric modulators:
3928:Negative allosteric modulators:
3792:Negative allosteric modulators:
3735:Positive allosteric modulators:
3591:Negative allosteric modulators:
3534:Positive allosteric modulators:
3332:Metabotropic glutamate receptor
2949:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
1896:Negative allosteric modulators:
1784:Positive allosteric modulators:
1607:Negative allosteric modulators:
1360:Positive allosteric modulators:
1194:
1156:
1107:
737:
645:
520:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
4964:Phosphinothricin (glufosinate)
2185:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone
1493:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
1388:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
1132:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5307-13.2014
1080:
1057:
1043:. Springer. pp. 105–128.
1031:
1009:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007
988:
953:
904:
861:
828:
795:
613:(EPSPs) when glutamate binds.
416:
401:
13:
1:
5024:Receptor/signaling modulators
4327:Receptor/signaling modulators
3275:Receptor/signaling modulators
3124:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
1688:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
1281:Ionotropic glutamate receptor
789:
680:
603:ionotropic glutamate receptor
4941:Tooltip Glutamine synthetase
7:
2973:NR2A-selective antagonists:
2505:Polyamine site antagonists:
1730:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
1316:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
1120:The Journal of Neuroscience
767:
577:, the principal excitatory
10:
5112:
1413:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
882:10.1007/s10571-019-00701-8
26:
5076:Kainate receptor agonists
5017:
4972:
4934:
4866:
4826:
4779:
4746:
4737:
4667:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4633:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
4564:
4488:-CCG-III ((2S,3S,4R)-CCG)
4445:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4427:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
4407:
4398:
4320:
4232:
4133:
4061:
3957:
3948:
3859:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
3808:
3706:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
3650:
3641:
3464:
3350:
3341:
3266:
2355:Glycine site antagonists:
1941:
1699:
1290:
1247:
1181:10.1021/cen-v078n001.p014
514:
497:
388:
380:OC(=O)1NC(C(C)=C)1CC(=O)O
368:
343:
107:
99:
75:
53:
48:
39:
4987:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
4496:-Serine-O-sulphate (SOS)
3738:JNJ-40411813 (ADX-71149)
2243:Competitive antagonists:
2151:Polyamine site agonists:
2137:Neboglamine (nebostinel)
1706:Tooltip Kainate receptor
720:Kainic acid is a potent
712:Pharmacological activity
4794:2-Amino-3-butenoic acid
4588:6-(4'-Phenylstyryl)-QDC
4472:-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid
3225:Pentamidine isethionate
2969:Traxoprodil (CP-101606)
2208:Epipregnanolone sulfate
962:Natural Product Reports
749:neurodegenerative agent
4959:Methionine sulfoximine
4546:-3-Methylglutamic acid
3255:Allosteric modulators:
3190:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
2845:Pethidine (meperidine)
2466:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
2388:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
2052:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
2020:Glycine site agonists:
1852:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
1563:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
1448:Mibampator (LY-451395)
929:10.1002/anie.201902910
839:Physiology of Behavior
806:Physiology of Behavior
722:central nervous system
677:
5096:Isopropenyl compounds
2924:CO-101244 (PD-174494)
2640:Delucemine (NPS-1506)
2590:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
704:, and are used as an
675:
618:experimental ablation
77:Systematic IUPAC name
4813:-Methylene-aspartate
2944:Radiprodil (RGH-896)
2919:Buphenine (nylidrin)
2496:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
2311:Midafotel (d-CPPene)
2218:Pregnenolone sulfate
2142:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
1933:Pregnenolone sulfate
1674:Pregnenolone sulfate
1163:Tremblay JF (2000).
843:. Pearson. pp.
810:. Pearson. pp.
631:stereotactic surgery
4926:Pyridoxal phosphate
4628:Chicago sky blue 6B
4593:6-Biphenyl-4-yl-QDC
2175:-Hydroxycholesterol
1986:Homoquinolinic acid
1959:Main site agonists:
1717:Main site agonists:
1311:5-Fluorowillardiine
1308:Main site agonists:
835:Carlson NR (2013).
802:Carlson NR (2013).
760:Alzheimer's disease
583:glutamate receptors
434: g·mol
161:Beilstein Reference
36:
5071:Marine neurotoxins
4949:2-Aminoadipic acid
4818:Hydrazinosuccinate
2523:Diethylenetriamine
2202:prasterone sulfate
1977:Homocysteic acid (
1720:5-Bromowillardiine
1238:Glutamate receptor
1087:Ben-Ari Y (2012).
774:Dihydrokainic acid
678:
547:Infobox references
34:
5086:Toxic amino acids
5043:
5042:
5013:
5012:
4999:
4733:
4732:
4651:
4648:Erythro-4-methyl-
4582:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4467:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4316:
4315:
4265:
4166:
4089:
3985:
3944:
3943:
3637:
3636:
3298:
3297:
3149:
3105:Trichloroethylene
3050:Ethanol (alcohol)
2415:
2358:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
2126:
2118:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2026:
2011:Tetrazolylglycine
1980:
1918:Ethanol (alcohol)
1907:sodium thiopental
1725:5-Iodowillardiine
1634:Ethanol (alcohol)
1618:sodium thiopental
1227:Kainate Receptors
1126:(17): 5765–5775.
1050:978-1-4939-0380-1
923:(25): 8454–8457.
917:Angewandte Chemie
854:978-0-205-23939-9
821:978-0-205-23939-9
727:kainate receptors
599:kainate receptors
555:Chemical compound
553:
552:
505:Crystal structure
312:CompTox Dashboard
149:Interactive image
69:
16:(Redirected from
5103:
5081:Chelating agents
4997:
4980:
4976:
4942:
4938:
4874:
4870:
4858:Propargylglycine
4852:
4844:
4834:
4830:
4812:
4787:
4783:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4725:Xanthurenic acid
4649:
4618:Benzopurpurin 4B
4580:
4572:
4568:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4465:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4263:
4243:
4239:
4164:
4144:
4140:
4087:
4072:
4068:
3983:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3819:
3815:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3475:
3471:
3361:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3147:
3100:Trichloroethanol
2660:Dextromethorphan
2413:
2197:
2186:
2182:
2124:
2116:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2024:
1978:
1949:
1945:
1707:
1703:
1538:Fanapanel (MPQX)
1298:
1294:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1233:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1028:
992:
986:
985:
974:10.1039/a815205y
957:
951:
950:
940:
908:
902:
901:
876:(7): 1039–1049.
865:
859:
858:
842:
832:
826:
825:
809:
799:
784:Kainate receptor
639:ablation studies
579:neurotransmitter
537:
531:
528:
527:
433:
418:
415:
409:
403:
396:Chemical formula
336:
335:
320:
318:
302:
282:
271:
260:
243:
223:
203:
183:
151:
127:
67:
44:
37:
33:
21:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5009:
4978:
4968:
4940:
4930:
4911:Hexachlorophene
4872:
4862:
4850:
4842:
4832:
4822:
4810:
4785:
4775:
4752:
4729:
4692:Reactive blue 2
4570:
4560:
4413:
4394:
4379:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4312:
4241:
4238:
4228:
4142:
4139:
4129:
4070:
4067:
4057:
3966:
3963:
3940:
3817:
3814:
3804:
3659:
3656:
3633:
3525:Quisqualic acid
3473:
3470:
3460:
3391:Quisqualic acid
3359:
3356:
3337:
3329:
3299:
3294:
3262:
3160:Flufenamic acid
3095:Trichloroethane
2870:Rhynchophylline
2790:Methoxphenidine
2755:Levomilnacipran
2655:Dextromethadone
2580:α-Endopsychosin
2184:
2096:Dimethylglycine
2006:Quinolinic acid
1947:
1937:
1775:Quisqualic acid
1705:
1695:
1351:Quisqualic acid
1296:
1286:
1278:
1243:
1223:
1218:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1161:
1157:
1112:
1108:
1085:
1081:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1036:
1032:
993:
989:
958:
954:
909:
905:
866:
862:
855:
833:
829:
822:
800:
796:
792:
770:
740:
729:containing the
714:
697:Chondria armata
691:Digenea simplex
683:
652:Digenea simplex
648:
556:
549:
544:
543:
542: ?)
533:
529:
525:
521:
507:
489:
471:
431:
421:
412:
406:
398:
384:
381:
376:
375:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
350:
339:
321:
314:
305:
285:
272:
246:
226:
206:
186:
163:
154:
141:
130:
117:
103:
95:
94:
71:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Glutamic acids
5041:
5040:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4847:
4837:
4835:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Kynurenic acid
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:-glutamic acid
4645:
4643:Direct blue 71
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Bafilomycin A1
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4276:
4275:
4260:
4255:
4246:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4156:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4084:
4075:
4073:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Methoxyflurane
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3005:
3000:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Nitromemantine
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:Levomethorphan
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Dieticyclidine
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Dextrallorphan
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2605:Argiotoxin-636
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Diaminopropane
2515:
2510:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Kynurenic acid
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2192:
2177:
2161:
2156:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Kynurenic acid
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1553:Kynurenic acid
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1301:
1299:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1221:External links
1219:
1217:
1216:
1193:
1155:
1106:
1079:
1056:
1049:
1030:
997:Brain Research
987:
968:(2): 205–219.
952:
903:
860:
853:
827:
820:
793:
791:
788:
787:
786:
781:
776:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
762:
756:
750:
739:
736:
713:
710:
682:
679:
647:
644:
609:that produces
607:sodium channel
554:
551:
550:
545:
523:
522:
518:standard state
515:
512:
511:
508:
503:
500:
499:
495:
494:
491:
487:
477:
476:
473:
469:
459:
458:
455:
446:
445:
442:
436:
435:
429:
423:
422:
419:
410:
404:
399:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
383:
382:
379:
371:
370:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
358:
355:
354:
346:
345:
344:
341:
340:
338:
337:
324:
322:
310:
307:
306:
304:
303:
295:
293:
287:
286:
284:
283:
275:
273:
265:
262:
261:
254:
248:
247:
245:
244:
236:
234:
228:
227:
225:
224:
216:
214:
208:
207:
205:
204:
196:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
174:
168:
167:
164:
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:
144:
142:
135:
132:
131:
129:
128:
120:
118:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
80:
79:
73:
72:
57:
51:
50:
46:
45:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5108:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5016:
5006:
5005:Semicarbazide
5003:
5001:
5000:-Allylglycine
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Palmitoyl-CoA
4919:
4917:
4916:Hydroxylamine
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Maslinic acid
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3965:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Ibotenic acid
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Ibotenic acid
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3520:Ibotenic acid
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Cyclothiazide
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Ibotenic acid
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Transcrocetin
3238:
3236:
3235:Psychotridine
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Niflumic acid
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Nitrous oxide
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Diethyl ether
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Tenocyclidine
2893:
2891:
2890:Tabernanthine
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:Rolicyclidine
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Phencyclidine
2853:
2851:
2850:Phencyclamine
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Methoxetamine
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Levomethadone
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:Fluorolintane
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:Kaitocephalin
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Ibotenic acid
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:pentobarbital
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1842:Kaitocephalin
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Cyclothiazide
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Ibotenic acid
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:pentobarbital
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Kaitocephalin
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Cyclothiazide
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Ibotenic acid
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
948:
944:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
856:
850:
846:
841:
840:
831:
823:
817:
813:
808:
807:
798:
794:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
761:
757:
755:
751:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
735:
732:
728:
723:
718:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:
693:
692:
688:
674:
670:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
643:
640:
636:
632:
626:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
548:
541:
536:
519:
513:
509:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
486:
482:
479:
478:
474:
468:
464:
461:
460:
456:
454:
453:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:Melting point
438:
437:
430:
428:
425:
424:
400:
397:
393:
392:
387:
378:
377:
374:
367:
353:
352:
349:
342:
334:
330:
329:DTXSID7040526
326:
325:
323:
313:
309:
308:
301:
297:
296:
294:
292:
289:
288:
281:
277:
276:
274:
268:
264:
263:
259:
255:
253:
250:
249:
242:
238:
237:
235:
233:
230:
229:
222:
218:
217:
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
195:
193:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
158:
157:
150:
146:
145:
143:
139:
134:
133:
126:
122:
121:
119:
116:
112:
111:
106:
98:
92:
88:
84:
78:
74:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
5091:Excitotoxins
5061:Pyrrolidines
5020:
5019:
4853:-Cycloserine
4707:
4603:Acid red 114
4579:4-Methylene-
4543:
4505:
4469:
4459:
4432:
4323:
4322:
4280:Antagonists:
4279:
4269:
4249:
4220:
4179:Antagonists:
4178:
4150:
4097:Antagonists:
4096:
4078:
4025:Antagonists:
4024:
4009:
3974:
3927:
3886:Antagonists:
3885:
3879:Talaglumetad
3825:
3791:
3745:Antagonists:
3744:
3734:
3731:Talaglumetad
3667:
3604:Dipraglurant
3599:Basimglurant
3590:
3544:Antagonists:
3543:
3533:
3481:
3423:Antagonists:
3422:
3367:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3254:
3251:
3123:
3030:Cyclopropane
3011:
2994:
2972:
2908:
2860:Propoxyphene
2830:Orphenadrine
2735:Ketobemidone
2700:Eticyclidine
2635:Coronaridine
2620:ARL-15896-AR
2536:
2504:
2416:-Cycloserine
2398:Carisoprodol
2354:
2242:
2240:Antagonists:
2239:
2172:
2167:
2150:
2078:-Cycloserine
2019:
1958:
1955:
1899:Barbiturates
1895:
1872:Selurampanel
1827:Dasolampanel
1814:Antagonists:
1813:
1783:
1759:
1716:
1713:
1687:
1624:Cyclopropane
1610:Barbiturates
1606:
1578:Selurampanel
1528:Dasolampanel
1500:Antagonists:
1499:
1483:Pramiracetam
1359:
1307:
1304:
1202:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1172:
1168:
1158:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1092:
1082:
1065:
1059:
1040:
1033:
1000:
996:
990:
965:
961:
955:
920:
916:
906:
873:
869:
863:
838:
830:
805:
797:
758:modeling of
752:modeling of
744:neuroscience
738:Applications
719:
715:
706:anthelmintic
695:
689:
684:
666:
664:
659:
655:
651:
649:
646:Biosynthesis
627:
615:
601:, a type of
562:
558:
557:
484:
466:
451:
108:Identifiers
100:Other names
90:
86:
82:
63:
59:
35:Kainic acid
5066:Convulsants
4891:Chloroquine
4720:Valinomycin
4715:Trypan blue
4697:Rose bengal
4682:NPPB (N144)
4556:WAY-213,613
4460:Kainic acid
4422:Amphetamine
4400:Transporter
4006:VU-0155,041
3931:Decoglurant
3795:Decoglurant
3629:Raseglurant
3577:Remeglurant
3562:Mavoglurant
3426:BAY 36-7620
3220:Pentamidine
3205:Minocycline
3185:Hodgkinsine
3155:Dexanabinol
3085:Sevoflurane
2939:Isoxsuprine
2934:Haloperidol
2914:Besonprodil
2875:Rimantadine
2825:Norketamine
2820:Noribogaine
2795:Milnacipran
2760:Levorphanol
2710:Gacyclidine
2680:Dizocilpine
2675:Diphenidine
2665:Dextrorphan
2585:Alaproclate
2528:Huperzine A
2481:Meprobamate
2441:Harkoseride
2336:Perzinfotel
2213:Plazinemdor
1760:Kainic acid
1745:Domoic acid
1691:Minocycline
1679:Sevoflurane
1356:Willardiine
1331:Domoic acid
1201:Barrow PA.
1186:22 February
1064:Barrow PA.
779:Domoic acid
660:Escherichia
622:excitotoxic
589:receptors,
559:Kainic acid
510:Monoclinic
389:Properties
258:Kainic+acid
201:ChEMBL27527
181:CHEBI:31746
5050:Categories
4954:JFD01307SC
4687:Ponceau SS
4662:Furosemide
4657:Evans blue
4623:Bumetamide
4583:-glutamate
4392:modulators
4385:metabolism
4273:AZ12216052
4013:Foliglurax
4001:VU-001,171
3914:LY-341,495
3909:LY-307,452
3864:LY-487,379
3854:LY-379,268
3773:LY-341,495
3768:LY-307,452
3716:LY-566,332
3711:LY-487,379
3701:LY-379,268
3557:LY-344,545
3537:LSN2463359
3446:LY-456,236
3441:LY-367,385
3335:modulators
3258:AGN-241751
3230:Piretanide
3180:Furosemide
3165:Flupirtine
3142:Conantokin
3137:Caroverine
3132:Bumetanide
3065:Isoflurane
3035:Desflurane
3025:Chloroform
2964:Safaprodil
2959:Ro 25-6981
2900:Tiletamine
2885:Sabeluzole
2865:Remacemide
2810:Neramexane
2780:Methorphan
2765:Loperamide
2740:Lanicemine
2725:Indantadol
2690:Esketamine
2685:Ephenidine
2645:Dexoxadrol
2610:Arketamine
2595:Amantadine
2555:3-MeO-PCMo
2533:Putrescine
2476:MDL-105519
2451:Kynurenine
2431:Gavestinel
2346:SDZ-220581
2306:MDL-100453
2189:prasterone
2159:Spermidine
2132:Milacemide
2037:ACC (ACPC)
1923:Evans blue
1887:Topiramate
1877:Tezampanel
1807:Isoflurane
1684:Talampanel
1669:Perampanel
1664:Isoflurane
1649:GYKI-53655
1644:GYKI-52466
1639:Evans blue
1603:Zonampanel
1593:Topiramate
1583:Tezampanel
1558:Kynurenine
1518:Caroverine
1513:Becampanel
1463:Oxiracetam
1363:Aniracetam
1284:modulators
1241:modulators
790:References
681:Occurrence
498:Structure
427:Molar mass
300:SIV03811UC
212:ChemSpider
136:3D model (
115:CAS Number
55:IUPAC name
5021:See also:
4886:Bithionol
4841:β-Chloro-
4677:Nigericin
4389:transport
4382:Glutamate
4324:See also:
4258:Glutamate
4250:Agonists:
4172:LSP2-9166
4159:Glutamate
4151:Agonists:
4082:Glutamate
4079:Agonists:
3991:LSP2-9166
3978:Glutamate
3975:Agonists:
3950:Group III
3936:RO4491533
3844:Glutamate
3839:Eglumegad
3826:Agonists:
3800:RO4491533
3691:Glutamate
3686:Eglumegad
3668:Agonists:
3515:Glutamate
3490:ADX-47273
3482:Agonists:
3406:Ro67-7476
3401:Ro67-4853
3396:Ro01-6128
3381:Glutamate
3368:Agonists:
3272:See also:
3252:Unsorted:
3195:MDL-27266
3175:FR-115427
3170:FPL-12495
3127:ARR-15896
3055:Halothane
3045:Enflurane
3003:Magnesium
2954:Ro 8-4304
2929:Eliprodil
2840:PD-137889
2800:Morphanol
2775:Methadone
2770:Memantine
2720:Ibogamine
2695:Etoxadrol
2625:ARL-16247
2615:ARL-12495
2600:Aptiganel
2565:4-MeO-PCP
2560:3-MeO-PCP
2550:3-MeO-PCE
2513:Co 101676
2486:MRZ 2/576
2436:GV-196771
2426:Felbamate
2403:CGP-39653
2383:ACEA-1328
2378:ACEA-1011
2321:NPC-17742
2316:NPC-12626
2301:LY-274614
2296:LY-235959
2291:LY-233053
2276:CGS-19755
2271:CGP-40116
2266:CGP-39653
2261:CGP-39551
2256:CGP-37849
2246:AP5 (APV)
2147:Sarcosine
2023:β-Fluoro-
1972:Glutamate
1967:Aspartate
1956:Agonists:
1913:Enflurane
1857:LY-382884
1817:ACEA-1011
1802:Halothane
1797:Enflurane
1792:Diazoxide
1765:LY-339434
1750:Glutamate
1714:Agonists:
1659:Irampanel
1654:Halothane
1629:Enflurane
1503:ACEA-1011
1478:Piracetam
1458:ORG-26576
1453:Nooglutyl
1443:LY-503430
1438:LY-451646
1433:LY-404187
1428:LY-395153
1423:LY-392098
1408:Diazoxide
1336:Glutamate
1305:Agonists:
898:254384979
746:research
575:glutamate
4845:-alanine
4551:UCPH-101
4538:Theanine
4533:TFB-TBOA
4523:SYM-2081
4508:-2,4-PDC
4308:UBP-1112
4224:ADX71743
4212:UBP-1112
4125:UBP-1112
4053:UBP-1112
3924:MGS-0039
3869:MGS-0028
3783:MGS-0039
3721:MGS-0028
3643:Group II
3587:SIB-1893
3582:SIB-1757
3572:NPS-2390
3456:NPS-2390
3416:Theanine
3200:Metaphit
3110:Urethane
2998:Hydrogen
2995:Cations:
2905:Tramadol
2730:Ketamine
2715:Ibogaine
2630:Budipine
2545:3-HO-PCP
2471:LU-73068
2461:L-701324
2456:L-689560
2363:5,7-DCKA
2351:Selfotel
2233:SAGE-718
2228:SAGE-301
2223:SAGE-201
2164:Spermine
2154:Neomycin
2119:-Alanine
2111:L-687414
2070:-Alanine
2027:-alanine
2016:Theanine
1882:Theanine
1780:SYM-2081
1588:Theanine
1211:53634796
1150:24760837
1101:22787646
1074:53634796
1025:42116946
1017:20833150
1003:: 8–16.
947:30995339
890:31197744
768:See also
754:epilepsy
687:seaweeds
481:Basicity
125:487-79-6
70:-proline
3614:GRN-529
3609:Fenobam
3594:AZD9272
3530:VU-1545
3431:CPCCOEt
3343:Group I
3244:saffron
3090:Toluene
3080:Octanol
3060:Hexanol
3015:Benzene
2991:TCN-213
2986:TCN-201
2981:MPX-007
2976:MPX-004
2570:8A-PDHQ
2508:Arcaine
2501:ZD-9379
2198:sulfate
2127:-Serine
2101:Glycine
2086:-Serine
2001:Proline
1928:NS-3763
1901:(e.g.,
1892:UBP-302
1770:Proline
1612:(e.g.,
1488:S-18986
1418:IDRA-21
1403:CX-1942
1398:CX-1739
1346:Proline
1141:3996208
982:9586226
938:6574125
635:lesions
571:agonist
567:seaweed
563:kainate
540:what is
538: (
493:11.966
463:Acidity
432:213.233
267:PubChem
29:Kainite
18:Kainate
4906:GW5074
4766:CB-839
4739:Enzyme
4567:vGluTs
4217:XAP044
4154:AMN082
3834:DCG-IV
3829:CBiPES
3788:PCCG-4
3681:DCG-IV
3676:CBiPES
3120:Xylene
3020:Butane
2393:AV-101
2106:HA-966
1393:CX-717
1383:CX-614
1378:CX-546
1373:CX-516
1209:
1148:
1138:
1099:
1072:
1047:
1023:
1015:
980:
945:
935:
896:
888:
851:
818:
535:verify
532:
475:2.031
457:0.635
373:SMILES
241:C12819
192:ChEMBL
166:86660
49:Names
4761:BPTES
4710:-ACDP
4708:trans
4598:7-CKA
4544:threo
4506:trans
4470:threo
4468:-(-)-
4455:HIP-B
4450:HIP-A
4435:-ACBD
4410:EAATs
4235:mGluR
4192:MMPIP
4136:mGluR
4064:mGluR
3996:PHCCC
3960:mGluR
3904:HYDIA
3894:CECXG
3889:APICA
3811:mGluR
3763:HYDIA
3753:CECXG
3748:APICA
3653:mGluR
3552:DMeOB
3495:CDPPB
3467:mGluR
3411:VU-71
3353:mGluR
3115:Xenon
2575:18-MC
2540:2-MDP
2368:7-CKA
2331:PEAQX
2057:B6B21
2047:AK-51
1981:-HCA)
1944:NMDAR
1867:NS102
1598:YM90K
1293:AMPAR
1021:S2CID
894:S2CID
731:GluK2
702:Japan
561:, or
348:InChI
280:10255
172:ChEBI
138:JSmol
4992:AAOA
4896:EGCG
4881:AAOA
4799:AAOA
4702:SITS
4638:DIDS
4528:TBOA
4513:MPDC
4480:-αAA
4440:DHKA
4387:and
4303:MTPG
4298:MSOP
4293:MPPG
4288:MAP4
4283:CPPG
4266:-AP4
4253:DCPG
4207:MTPG
4202:MSOP
4197:MPPG
4187:MAP4
4182:CPPG
4167:-AP4
4120:MTPG
4115:MSOP
4110:MPPG
4105:MAP4
4100:CPPG
4090:-AP4
4048:MTPG
4043:MSOP
4038:MPPG
4033:MAP4
4028:CPPG
4018:MPEP
3986:-AP4
3919:MCPG
3899:EGLU
3778:MCPG
3758:EGLU
3671:BINA
3624:MTEP
3619:MPEP
3567:MCPG
3547:CTEP
3510:DHPG
3500:CHPG
3485:ACPD
3451:MCPG
3376:DHPG
3371:ACPD
3210:MPEP
3150:-αAA
3008:Zinc
2835:PCPr
2805:NEFA
2491:PNQX
2421:DNQX
2408:CNQX
2341:PPDA
2326:PBPD
2196:DHEA
2181:DHEA
2091:DHPG
2042:ACPD
2032:ACBD
1996:NMDA
1962:AMAA
1862:NBQX
1837:GAMS
1832:DNQX
1822:CNQX
1740:ATPA
1735:AMPA
1573:PNQX
1568:NBQX
1543:GAMS
1533:DNQX
1523:CNQX
1508:ATPO
1468:PEPA
1326:BOAA
1321:AMPA
1207:OCLC
1188:2021
1146:PMID
1097:PMID
1070:OCLC
1045:ISBN
1013:PMID
1001:1360
978:PMID
943:PMID
886:PMID
849:ISBN
816:ISBN
694:and
591:AMPA
587:NMDA
450:log
291:UNII
252:MeSH
232:KEGG
221:9837
4975:GAD
4901:GTP
4869:GDH
4829:ALT
4804:AMB
4782:AST
4771:DON
4749:GAH
4433:cis
3505:DFB
2373:ACC
2281:CPP
2251:AP7
2062:CCG
1702:KAR
1177:doi
1136:PMC
1128:doi
1005:doi
970:doi
933:PMC
925:doi
878:doi
845:152
812:121
656:kab
317:EPA
270:CID
5052::
5034:•
5030:•
5026:•
4937:GS
4811:DL
4809:β-
4333:•
4329:•
4268:;
4219:;
4008:;
3926:;
3790:;
3733:;
3589:;
3532:;
3122:;
3010:;
2993:;
2971:;
2907:;
2535:;
2503:;
2353:;
2171:24
2166:;
2149:;
2018:;
1905:,
1894:;
1782:;
1686:;
1616:,
1605:;
1358:;
1205:.
1173:78
1171:.
1167:.
1144:.
1134:.
1124:34
1122:.
1118:.
1068:.
1019:.
1011:.
999:.
976:.
966:15
964:.
941:.
931:.
921:58
919:.
915:.
892:.
884:.
874:39
872:.
847:.
814:.
708:.
585::
490:)
483:(p
472:)
465:(p
411:15
405:10
89:,4
85:,3
81:(2
62:,4
58:(3
4998:L
4851:L
4843:L
4650:L
4581:L
4504:-
4502:L
4494:L
4486:L
4478:L
4466:L
4374:e
4367:t
4360:v
4264:L
4237:8
4165:L
4138:7
4088:L
4066:6
3984:L
3962:4
3813:3
3655:2
3469:5
3355:1
3324:e
3317:t
3310:v
3246:)
3242:(
3148:D
2414:D
2204:)
2200:(
2191:)
2187:(
2173:S
2125:L
2117:L
2084:D
2076:D
2068:D
2025:D
1979:L
1909:)
1620:)
1273:e
1266:t
1259:v
1213:.
1190:.
1179::
1152:.
1130::
1103:.
1076:.
1053:.
1027:.
1007::
984:.
972::
949:.
927::
900:.
880::
857:.
824:.
667:N
530:N
488:b
485:K
470:a
467:K
452:P
420:4
417:O
414:N
408:H
402:C
319:)
315:(
140:)
91:S
87:S
83:S
68:L
64:S
60:S
31:.
20:)
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