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101:, whose radical reorganization of knowledge and admiration for Western scientific methods remained, however, marginalized since they challenged the remit of the school. The Kaitokudō's commitment to the Chinese classics, however, did not allow this marked change to occur within the walls of the academy. Later scholars would regularly cite Yamagata as an influence toward science. Najita marks the academy's decline with reference to the rise of the
61:) of classic texts. A fire at the Tashōdō in 1724 spurred already developing plans to establish a legal institution in the form of a public academic with a continued focus on the moral education of merchants. This was gained in 1726. Land was granted in perpetuity, provided that the academy be financed by the local merchants. The original finances are attributed to the members of the Tashōdō.
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at a time when engagement was rare or discouraged, but focusing almost exclusively on the education of merchants. As a school of thought, its scholars consciously contributed greatly to reconciling merchants and contemporary views of merchants in
Tokugawa society; and have been credited with
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Although consciously only extending to the equality of people in their capacity for virtue and learning, the significance of the school lay in its advocacy of acceptance of wider scientific and geographical scholarship, as instanced in the works of
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The main remit of the school was on moral education of merchants. Public lectures maintained this focus and classes were regularly scheduled on business, whereas private seminars moved beyond
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and other commercial Osaka operations. The academy building was also renovated at that time; however it was burned down in the fire bombings of the following
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The
Kaitokudō began as a small meeting group of Osaka merchants, Tashōdō, who met to discuss virtue, or moral education, through the reading and study (
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advancing the articulation of contradictions between the demand for verifiability in knowledge and the reliance on the reading of text as history.
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to examine
Chinese poetry, native literature, and also science and astronomy based on the expertise and interests of the teacher (
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This school was significant during the
Tokugawa period not only for permitting merchants to participate freely in
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Visions of Virtue in
Tokugawa Japan. The Kaitokudo, Merchant Academy of Osaka
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Miyake Sekian, 1726–1730 (with Nakai Shuan directing of external affairs)
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in 1868, the
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The academy was revived in 1910 based on a publication called the
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which gained in popularity since its inception in 1838.
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Miyake Shunro, 1730–1782 (public lectures conducted by
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264:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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109:and other (western)
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215:Nakai Riken
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197:Nakai Shuan
193:, 1665–1730
167:Pacific War
143:Nakai Riken
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342:Categories
245:References
153:Modern era
203:Goi Ranju
199:, d. 1758
127:Goi Ranju
40:Kaitokudō
18:Kaitokudo
239:Tekijuku
228:See also
163:Sumitomo
111:sciences
107:medicine
103:Tekijuku
78:Buddhism
74:shingaku
353:Rangaku
260:(1987)
159:Kaitoku
59:gakumon
70:jusha
274:ibid
38:The
278:esp
173:as
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