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461:. Chawla was the first Indian woman to go in space. She spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space: "You are just your intelligence." On her first mission, Chawla travelled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space. During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite, which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by
246:
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427:(V/STOL) concepts. Much of Chawla's research is included in technical journals and conference papers. In 1993, she joined Overset Methods, Inc. as vice president and research scientist, specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems. Chawla held an
387:. She completed her schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal. Growing up, Chawla went to local flying clubs and watched planes with her father. After graduating with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from
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531:. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems, such as the July 2002 discovery of cracks in the shuttle engine flow liners. On 16 January 2003, Chawla finally returned to space aboard
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about prominent Indian personalities, dedicated an episode to Chawla's achievements. In the 2023 movie "A Million Miles Away", about
Mexican farmworker turned astronaut Jose Hernandez, Kalpana Chawla is played by actress
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to capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation exonerated Chawla by identifying errors in software interfaces and the defined procedures of the flight crew and ground control. After the completion of
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on 1 February 2003, the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate and destroy the internal wing structure, which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart over
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Almost four years after the death of the first
American astronaut Kalpana Chawla in the Columbia space shuttle disaster, Nasa has sent another woman of Indian origin into space.
598:. Chawla died along with the six other crew members. After the disaster, Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years, similar to the aftermath of the
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with single and multi-engine airplane, seaplane, and glider ratings. After she became a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, Chawla applied for the
383:. The youngest of four children, she was born into a conservative society, but Chawla broke several traditions to become the first Indian-born female
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391:, India, Chawla moved to the United States in 1982. In 1984, she graduated with a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the
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twenty-five thousand, a medal, and a certificate is instituted for the best student in the
Aeronautical Engineering department.
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A few days later a memorial service was held for
Kalpana Chawla at Zion National Monument in Utah, one of her favorite places
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746:, after each of the seven astronauts lost in the Columbia shuttle disaster. One of them is Chawla Hill, named after Chawla.
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post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in the astronaut office to work on the space station.
735:'s student apartment complexes, Columbia Village Suites, has halls named after each of the astronauts, including Chawla.
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managers limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed.
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1097:"Kalpana Chawla Birth Anniversary: Here are lesser-known facts about the first woman of Indian origin to fly to space"
572:. Previous shuttle launches had seen minor damage from foam shedding, but some engineers suspected that the damage to
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Chawla's remains were identified along with those of the rest of the crew members and were cremated and scattered at
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2267:"Hostel No 7 (Kalpana Chawla Bhawan) | Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology ,Government of India"
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The
Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship program was instituted by the Indian Students Association (ISA) at the
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762:, featuring the song "Space Truckin'" with her on the mission. Morse's tribute song can be found on the album
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created the song "Contact Lost" in memory of the
Columbia tragedy. Chawla knew Morse and took the band's
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Chawla's first space mission began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the
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681:". The first satellite of the series, "MetSat-1", launched by India on 12 September 2002, was renamed "
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In honor of her, a street was named
Kalpana Chawla Street in Rayon Nagar in Sirumugai, a village in
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to make a movie on Chawla's life, but he refused because he preferred to keep their life private.
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800:(ISU) in 2010 to support Indian women's participation in international space education programs.
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The Indian Hawk: Latest Indian
Defence News, World Defence, IDRW, Indian Army, Air Force, Navy
821:, where Chawla obtained a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering in 1984, opened a
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1187:"Dr. Kalpana Chawla, astronaut and aerospace engineer, was the first Indian woman in space"
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1362:"India's ever-shining star: Today marks 20 years of Kalpana Chawla's last trip to space"
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On 2 December 1983, at the age of 21, Chawla married Jean-Pierre
Harrison. After the
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1590:"Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College & Hospital - [KCGMC], Karnal"
1125:
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In addition, the university dedicated the
Kalpana Chawla Memorial on 3 May 2010, in
442:. She joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1997.
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677:, announced that a meteorological series of satellites, MetSat, was to be renamed "
895:, Maryland, has been named Columbia Colony and includes a street named Chawla Way.
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1505:"Who Was Kalpana Chawala: Early Life, Education, NASA Career, Death And Legacy"
1444:
MS Thesis Optimization of cross flow fan housing for airplane wing installation
838:
501:
372:
198:
2000:
704:, New York, United States, has been renamed "Kalpana Chawla Way" in her honor.
363:, and several streets, universities, and institutions are named in her honor.
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1754:
Bringing Columbia home: the untold story of a lost space shuttle and her crew
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701:
543:
462:
1913:"ISRO METSAT Satellite Series Named After Columbia Astronaut Kalpana Chawla"
317:
who was the first woman of Indian origin to fly to space. She first flew on
313:(17 March 1962 – 1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and
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509:
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1752:; Ward, Jonathan H. (23 January 2018). "Chapter 12: Healing and Closure".
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In 2000, Chawla was selected for her second flight as part of the crew of
250:
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1803:"US spacecraft named after late Indian-American astronaut Kalpana Chawla"
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PhD Thesis Computation of dynamics and control of unsteady vortical flows
872:
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325:
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289:
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Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
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or "Kalpana", COSPAR 2022-033X) was launched into space as part of the
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The girls' hostel (what a university dormitory is called in India) at
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1974:
1943:
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The edge of time : the authoritative biography of Kalpana Chawla
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The Kalpana Chawla ISU Scholarship fund was founded by alumni of the
785:
682:
678:
466:
384:
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1789:"Next Cygnus Cargo Ship Named for Columbia Astronaut Kalpana Chawla"
546:, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.
1217:
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648:
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2286:"Exclusive: Kalpana Chawla's Husband Denies Rights to Make Biopic"
942:
609:(ISS) was put on hold; the station relied entirely on the Russian
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380:
333:
232:
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The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla
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913:
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471:
458:
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348:
when the spacecraft disintegrated during its re-entry into the
329:
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245:
228:
53:
882:, named the Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell in her honor.
613:
for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with
560:
s 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the
542:. The crew performed nearly 80 experiments studying Earth and
290:
Computation of Dynamics and Control of Unsteady Vortical Flows
3013:
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mission has named seven peaks in a chain of hills, named the
595:
349:
77:
2403:
2057:
2036:"Kalpana Chawla International Space University Scholarship"
1858:
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725:
625:
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810:
The Kalpana Chawla Outstanding Recent Alumni Award at the
641:
mission delivering supplies to the ISS was named the S.S.
1891:
1861:
1133:
428:
1608:"Columbia crew is blamed for Spartan deployment failure"
1483:
Tillman, Nola Taylor; Harvey, Ailsa (20 December 2017).
639:
fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft
340:. She was one of the seven crew members who died in the
920:, India named after Chawla. Kalpana was born in Karnal.
666:
The lunar crater Chawla is named after Kalpana Chawla.
395:, and went on to earn a second Master's in 1986 and a
3423:
Recipients of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor
2896:
NASA Astronaut Group 15, "The Flying Escargot", 1994
2139:"Kalpana Chawla Display Dedicated at Nedderman Hall"
1008:
434:
certificate with airplane and glider ratings, and a
2343:
Among the Stars!: Life and Dreams of Kalpana Chawla
1971:"NASA Names Supercomputer After Columbia Astronaut"
1698:"Molten Aluminum found on Columbia's thermal tiles"
1485:"Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster"
1159:"Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster"
962:Chawla and her husband before the launch of STS-87
1338:. Ibnlive.in.com. 3 February 2010. Archived from
941:On 1 April 2022, a satellite named after Chawla (
807:(UTEP) in 2005 for meritorious graduate students.
477:
3289:
852:is named after Chawla. In addition, an award of
1947:. Chennai, India. 23 March 2004. Archived from
1915:. Spaceref.com. 6 February 2003. Archived from
1409:
1126:"Indo-US astronaut follows Kalpana's footsteps"
791:Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor
718:The Kalpana Chawla Award was instituted by the
2169:"Punjab Engineering College remembers Kalpana"
1387:. Los Gatos, California: Harrison Publishing.
371:Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in a
3268:List of United States Marine Corps astronauts
3088:
2880:
2691:
2454:
1730:"Space Shuttle Explodes, Kalpana Chawla dead"
1482:
925:National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra
814:, given since 1983, was renamed after Chawla.
3273:List of United States Space Force astronauts
2666:indicate the award was bestowed posthumously
1748:
1634:"6.1 A History of Foam Anomalies (page 121)"
1626:
1478:
1476:
938:named a girls' hostel Kalpana Chawla Bhawan.
722:in 2004 to recognize young women scientists.
324:in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary
2023:Star Trek: Next Generation: Before Dishonor
1528:
366:
3095:
3081:
2887:
2873:
2698:
2684:
2461:
2447:
1531:"Book Review: Biography of Kalpana Chawla"
631:
425:vertical and/or short take-off and landing
31:
16:Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)
3398:Naturalized citizens of the United States
1522:
1473:
1429:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.6028448
1274:
1238:
1236:
906:Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College
888:named a girls' hostel block after Chawla.
880:Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
1690:
1664:"Columbia's problems began on left wing"
1552:Born on 17 March 1962 in Karnal, Haryana
1380:
1067:"Kalpana Chawla – STS-107 Crew Memorial"
1064:
957:
936:National Institute of Technology, Bhopal
826:
728:has dedicated a supercomputer to Chawla.
491:
332:. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on
3448:University of Texas at Arlington alumni
3258:List of astronauts by year of selection
2760:Space Shuttle thermal protection system
2203:. Kcstc.iitkgp.ernet.in. Archived from
1830:"US mission named after Kalpana Chawla"
3418:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
3290:
1827:
1460:
1441:
1419:. American National Biography Online.
1308:"Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell"
1305:
1233:
1058:
841:, one of the primary buildings in the
445:
3443:University of Colorado Boulder alumni
3388:Indian emigrants to the United States
3076:
2868:
2679:
2442:
2054:"Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship"
1641:Columbia Accident Investigation Board
1330:
1328:
1275:Rajghatta, Chidanand (12 July 2004).
1123:
980:
500:in October 2001. From left to right:
2283:
1661:
1301:
1299:
1270:
1268:
1041:List of Asian Americans § Space
359:Chawla was posthumously awarded the
3458:Women scientists from Punjab, India
1828:Laxman, Srinivas (4 October 2020).
617:, and 45 months for crew rotation.
13:
3363:American people of Punjabi descent
3348:American aviators of Asian descent
2912:← NASA Astronaut Group 15 →
2471:Congressional Space Medal of Honor
2336:
1325:
891:A military housing development at
825:named Kalpana Chawla Hall in 2004.
783:, after the astronaut in his 2007
361:Congressional Space Medal of Honor
172:Congressional Space Medal of Honor
14:
3469:
3413:Punjab Engineering College alumni
3038:International mission specialists
2391:
2349:India's 50 Most Illustrious Women
1939:"Kalpana Chawla Award instituted"
1855:"Tribute to the Crew of Columbia"
1296:
1265:
1124:Rizvi, Salim (11 December 2006).
3438:Space Shuttle program astronauts
3313:20th-century American scientists
2898:
2768:
2732:
2143:University of Texas at Arlington
2118:University of Texas at Arlington
1662:Dunn, Marcia (2 February 2003).
1448:University of Texas at Arlington
1156:
1025:
1011:
953:
893:Naval Air Station Patuxent River
819:University of Texas at Arlington
419:, where she initially conducted
393:University of Texas at Arlington
249:
244:
177:NASA Distinguished Service Medal
3433:Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
2399:"Astronaut Bio: Kalpana Chawla"
2313:"Mega Icons Season 2 Episode 4"
2305:
2277:
2259:
2245:
2219:
2193:
2161:
2131:
2106:
2076:
2046:
2028:
2015:
1993:
1963:
1931:
1905:
1880:
1847:
1821:
1795:
1781:
1742:
1722:
1655:
1600:
1582:
1557:
1497:
1454:
1435:
1374:
1354:
1306:Saxena, Ambuj (14 March 2007).
1244:"Astronaut Bio: Kalpana Chawla"
733:Florida Institute of Technology
654:, one of seven named after the
488:Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
150:University of Colorado, Boulder
90:Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
1467:University of Colorado Boulder
1381:Harrison, Jean-Pierre (2011).
1205:
1179:
1150:
1117:
1089:
886:Delhi Technological University
805:University of Texas at El Paso
798:International Space University
628:, one of her favorite places.
478:Second space mission and death
415:In 1988, Chawla joined NASA's
405:University of Colorado Boulder
141:University of Texas, Arlington
1:
3263:Astronaut ranks and positions
2284:Dhar, Abira (27 April 2017).
1051:
990:documentary television series
973:, Harrison was approached by
833:University of Texas Arlington
562:Space Shuttle's external tank
3383:Engineers from Punjab, India
3353:American commercial aviators
3343:American aerospace engineers
2834:Accident Investigation Board
2003:. HobbySpace. 31 August 2005
1065:Dismukes, Kim (7 May 2009).
902:has been named after Chawla.
421:computational fluid dynamics
7:
3323:21st-century American women
3318:20th-century American women
2755:Space Shuttle external tank
2705:
1565:"Kalpana Chawla biography*"
1277:"NY has Kalpana Chawla Way"
1004:
611:Roscosmos State Corporation
607:International Space Station
100:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
3474:
3328:Accidental deaths in Texas
865:Kalpana Chawla Planetarium
850:Punjab Engineering College
481:
389:Punjab Engineering College
132:Punjab Engineering College
104:Arlington County, Virginia
3453:Women aerospace engineers
3368:American women astronauts
3250:
3119:
3072:
3037:
2981:
2920:
2907:
2854:Extended Duration Orbiter
2823:
2777:
2766:
2739:
2730:
2713:
2659:
2477:
2387:) by Jean-Pierre Harrison
1046:List of female astronauts
540:ill-fated STS-107 mission
410:
304:
300:
282:
272:
265:
261:
257:
238:
224:
214:
204:
197:
190:
164:
127:
120:United States (1991–2003)
110:
95:
85:
65:
39:
30:
23:
3408:Panjab University alumni
3393:NASA civilian astronauts
2253:"Pondicherry University"
2001:"Space Music – Rock/Pop"
1529:Basu, Biman (May 2012).
1461:Chawla, Kalpana (1988),
1442:Chawla, Kalpana (1984),
669:On 5 February 2003, the
436:commercial pilot license
367:Early life and education
3428:Scientists from Haryana
3373:American women aviators
2914:NASA Astronaut Group 16
2910:NASA Astronaut Group 14
2201:"Space Technology Cell"
1421:Oxford University Press
988:(2018–2020), an Indian
720:Government of Karnataka
671:Prime Minister of India
632:Honours and recognition
182:NASA Space Flight Medal
3358:American glider pilots
2363:Kalpana Chawla: A Life
2088:University of Colorado
2084:"Kalpana Chawla Award"
963:
949:Aleph-1 constellation.
900:Pondicherry University
843:College of Engineering
835:
812:University of Colorado
740:Mars Exploration Rover
605:. Construction of the
524:
336:, the final flight of
3106:NASA Astronaut Groups
2948:Dominic Pudwill Gorie
2921:Pilots and commanders
2527:Charles "Pete" Conrad
2420:Aerospace Engineering
2373:) by Anil Padmanabhan
2114:"Kalpana Chawla Hall"
1888:"Lunar crater Chawla"
961:
831:Kalpana Chawla Hall,
830:
549:During the launch of
495:
401:aerospace engineering
277:Aerospace engineering
3333:Amateur radio people
3111:NASA Astronaut Corps
2543:Virgil "Gus" Grissom
2149:on 29 September 2017
1919:on 12 September 2012
1750:Leinbach, Michael D.
1342:on 27 September 2009
1167:. Tech Media Network
675:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
652:51826 Kalpana Chawla
440:NASA Astronaut Corps
417:Ames Research Center
356:on 1 February 2003.
219:NASA Group 15 (1994)
3338:Amateur radio women
2982:Mission specialists
2968:Susan Still-Kilrain
2805:Michael P. Anderson
2483:Michael P. Anderson
2207:on 30 December 2007
1981:on 30 December 2007
1809:. 10 September 2020
1791:. 9 September 2020.
1157:Redd, Nola Taylor.
994:National Geographic
688:74th Street in the
446:First space mission
86:Cause of death
3403:People from Karnal
3045:Jean-Loup Chrétien
2973:Frederick Sturckow
2938:Michael Bloomfield
2639:Thomas P. Stafford
2469:Recipients of the
2345:by Gurdeep Pandher
2227:"Delhi University"
2181:on August 27, 2006
2174:The Indian Express
2064:on October 2, 2011
1868:on 8 February 2008
1834:The Times of India
1738:. 1 February 2003.
1678:on 2 November 2013
1367:The Times of India
1282:The Times of India
1221:. 30 December 2008
1105:. 16 November 2020
1077:on 6 November 2004
1033:Outer space portal
981:In popular culture
964:
898:A hostel block in
859:The Government of
836:
622:Zion National Park
592:Earth's atmosphere
576:was more serious.
525:
315:aerospace engineer
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
2862:
2861:
2790:William C. McCool
2673:
2672:
2581:William C. McCool
2574:Christa McAuliffe
1771:978-1-62872-852-1
1762:Arcade Publishing
1394:978-0-9768279-0-0
432:Flight Instructor
403:in 1988 from the
308:
307:
267:Scientific career
117:India (1962–1996)
3465:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3029:Stephen Robinson
2989:Michael Anderson
2902:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2772:
2736:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2633:Michael J. Smith
2627:William Shepherd
2507:Roger B. Chaffee
2463:
2456:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2359:) by Indra Gupta
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2233:on 31 March 2022
2229:. Archived from
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2177:. Archived from
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2145:. Archived from
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2094:on March 9, 2012
2090:. Archived from
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2060:. Archived from
2050:
2044:
2043:
2042:on 1 March 2011.
2038:. Archived from
2032:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:. Archived from
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1864:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1708:Associated Press
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1672:Associated Press
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1569:www.kcgmc.edu.in
1561:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:. pp. 40–41
1539:Science Reporter
1535:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1509:www.hercircle.in
1501:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1213:"Kalpana Chawla"
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1062:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1019:Biography portal
1016:
1015:
1014:
863:established the
662:
559:
328:operator aboard
296:
253:
248:
240:Mission insignia
72:
69:February 1, 2003
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3246:
3115:
3101:
3068:
3063:Dafydd Williams
3033:
3014:Edward Tsang Lu
2977:
2916:
2903:
2893:
2863:
2858:
2819:
2773:
2764:
2737:
2726:
2709:
2704:
2674:
2669:
2655:
2595:Ellison Onizuka
2473:
2467:
2410:
2408:
2407:. February 2003
2397:
2394:
2339:
2337:Further reading
2334:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2318:Disney+ Hotstar
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2271:www.manit.ac.in
2265:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1951:on 13 July 2004
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1747:
1743:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1668:staugustine.com
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1614:. 29 April 1998
1606:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1481:
1474:
1459:
1455:
1440:
1436:
1417:Chawla, Kalpana
1415:
1414:
1410:
1395:
1379:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1273:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1155:
1151:
1138:
1136:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1102:Hindustan Times
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1007:
983:
956:
927:named a girls'
910:Medical college
694:Jackson Heights
660:
634:
564:and struck the
557:
490:
482:Main articles:
480:
448:
413:
369:
294:
241:
231:
207:
186:
148:
139:
123:
81:
74:
70:
61:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Kalpana Chawla
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3057:Michel Tognini
3054:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3019:Carlos Noriega
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:Robert Curbeam
2996:
2994:Kalpana Chawla
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Steven Lindsey
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Kalpana Chawla
2797:
2795:David M. Brown
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:Space Shuttle
2743:
2741:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:Space Shuttle
2714:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2557:Gregory Jarvis
2553:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2532:Robert Crippen
2529:
2524:
2517:
2514:Kalpana Chawla
2510:
2503:
2500:David M. Brown
2496:
2491:
2489:Neil Armstrong
2486:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2430:Kalpana Chawla
2427:
2425:NASA biography
2422:
2417:
2393:
2392:External links
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:978-0976827917
2374:
2360:
2346:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2304:
2276:
2258:
2244:
2218:
2192:
2160:
2130:
2105:
2075:
2045:
2027:
2021:David, Peter;
2014:
1992:
1962:
1930:
1904:
1879:
1846:
1820:
1794:
1780:
1770:
1741:
1721:
1710:. 4 March 2003
1689:
1654:
1625:
1599:
1581:
1556:
1521:
1496:
1472:
1453:
1434:
1423:. April 2008.
1408:
1393:
1373:
1353:
1324:
1295:
1264:
1232:
1204:
1178:
1149:
1116:
1088:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1022:
1006:
1003:
982:
979:
955:
952:
951:
950:
939:
932:
921:
903:
896:
889:
883:
876:
857:
846:
839:Nedderman Hall
815:
808:
801:
794:
769:
752:from the band
747:
744:Columbia Hills
736:
729:
723:
716:
705:
686:
667:
664:
646:
643:Kalpana Chawla
633:
630:
533:Space Shuttle
479:
476:
452:Space Shuttle
447:
444:
412:
409:
368:
365:
342:Space Shuttle
319:Space Shuttle
311:Kalpana Chawla
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
297:
286:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
242:
239:
236:
235:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
199:NASA astronaut
195:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
179:
174:
168:
166:
162:
161:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
118:
114:
112:
108:
107:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
75:
73:(aged 40)
67:
63:
62:
52:
50:March 17, 1962
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
25:Kalpana Chawla
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3470:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
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3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Janet Kavandi
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Pamela Melroy
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2933:Jeffrey Ashby
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:Main articles
2735:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:Judith Resnik
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2588:Ronald McNair
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:Shannon Lucid
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:0-14-333586-3
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:81-88086-19-3
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1643:. August 2003
1642:
1635:
1629:
1613:
1612:Flight Global
1609:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1469:, p. 147
1468:
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1422:
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1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1252:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1193:. 11 May 2021
1192:
1188:
1182:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1042:
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2943:Joe Edwards
2616:Dick Scobee
2237:30 December
2211:10 December
2007:10 December
1346:10 December
1317:10 December
1288:27 February
1171:20 November
1139:20 November
999:Sarayu Blue
912:located in
873:Kurukshetra
773:Peter David
754:Deep Purple
750:Steve Morse
326:robotic arm
210:31d 14h 54m
111:Citizenship
3292:Categories
2849:Hitchhiker
2815:Ilan Ramon
2651:John Young
2602:Ilan Ramon
2563:Jim Lovell
2537:John Glenn
2025:; Page 24.
1735:Rediff.com
1514:21 January
1336:"IBN News"
1257:11 January
1253:. May 2004
1197:21 January
1081:22 January
1052:References
986:Mega Icons
975:filmmakers
947:Satellogic
713:Tamil Nadu
709:Coimbatore
645:after her.
601:Challenger
588:re-entered
512:, Chawla,
375:family in
354:atmosphere
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3051:Takao Doi
2291:The Quint
1975:About.com
1944:The Hindu
1839:17 August
1714:13 August
1703:USA Today
1618:6 January
1574:1 January
1490:Space.com
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1164:Space.com
823:dormitory
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771:Novelist
738:The NASA
683:Kalpana-1
679:Kalpana 1
467:Takao Doi
385:astronaut
215:Selection
128:Education
3065:(Canada)
3059:(France)
3047:(France)
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2749:Columbia
2722:disaster
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2068:June 10,
1758:New York
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657:Columbia
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535:Columbia
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346:disaster
344:Columbia
338:Columbia
321:Columbia
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3251:Related
3053:(Japan)
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2664:Italics
2324:12 June
1985:10 June
1955:10 June
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1872:10 June
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