Kamikaze - Knowledge

1541: 1182: 1213: 297: 1388: 643: 2614: 51: 42: 2737: 1278:(USAAF) B-29s approaching Japan. Targeting the aircraft proved to be much less successful and practical than attacks against warships, as the bombers made for much faster, more maneuverable, and smaller targets. The B-29 also had formidable defensive weaponry, so suicide attacks against B-29s demanded considerable piloting skill to be successful, which worked against the very purpose of using expendable pilots. Even encouraging capable pilots to bail out before impact was ineffective because vital personnel were often lost when they mistimed their exits and were killed as a result. 1887: 1681: 2177: 1473: 2391: 1974: 845: 5595: 1708: 2002:

were scarce, the temporary absence of key warships from the combat zone would tie up operational initiatives. By 1945, however, the US Navy was large enough that damaged ships could be detached back home for repair without significantly hampering the fleet's operational capability. The only US surface losses were escort carriers, destroyers, and smaller ships, all of which lacked the armor protection or capability to sustain heavy damage. Overall, the

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escort carriers. However, no ship larger than an escort carrier was sunk. Approximately 45 ships were sunk, the bulk of which were destroyers. To the United States, the losses were of such concern that more than 2,000 B-29 sorties were diverted from attacking Japanese cities and industries to striking Kamikaze air fields in Kyushu.

836:(known to the US military as Clark Air Base) near Manila, Onishi told officers of the 201st Flying Group headquarters: "I don't think there would be any other certain way to carry out the operation than to put a 250 kg bomb on a Zero and let it crash into a US carrier, in order to disable her for a week." 2545:

The manual was very detailed in how a pilot should attack. A pilot would dive towards his target and "aim for a point between the bridge tower and the smokestacks". Entering a smokestack was also said to be "effective". Pilots were told not to aim at a carrier's bridge tower but instead to target the

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Daikichi Irokawa, who trained at Tsuchiura Naval Air Base, recalled that he "was struck on the face so hard and frequently that face was no longer recognizable". He also wrote: "I was hit so hard that I could no longer see and fell on the floor. The minute I got up, I was hit again by a club so that

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However, an evidence-based study of 2,000 pilots' uncensored letters revealed that the pilots candidly expressed myriad emotions in private. Typically, they declared their determination to die to protect the homeland and thanked their school teachers, parents, siblings, and friends for their selfless

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In our present situation, I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our aircraft. There is no other way. There will be more than enough volunteers for this chance to save our country, and I would like to command such an operation. Provide

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According to the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, from October 1944 until the end of the war, 2,550 Kamikaze missions were flown with only 475 (or 18.6%) achieving a hit or a damaging near miss. Warships of all types were damaged including 12 aircraft carriers, 15 battleships, and 16 light and

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quoted Lieutenant Sekio Nishina: "The spirit of the Special Attack Corps is the great spirit that runs in the blood of every Japanese ... The crashing action which simultaneously kills the enemy and oneself without fail is called the Special Attack ... Every Japanese is capable of becoming a member

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This is my second experience with a suicide plane making a hit on board my own ship, and I have seen four other ships hit near me. The suicide plane is a very effective weapon, which we must not underestimate. I do not believe anyone who has not been around within its area of operations can realize

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in 1945. Between 9 August and 2 September 1945, several airstrikes involving kamikaze pilots were recorded. On 18 August, a Japanese Ki-45 flown by Lieutenant Yoshira Tsiohara attacked a tanker in the port of Vladivostok. The plane was shot down and the pilot was killed. He was found to have orders

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pilot training, as described by Takeo Kasuga, generally "consisted of incredibly strenuous training, coupled with cruel and torturous corporal punishment as a daily routine". The training, in theory, lasted for thirty days, but because of American raids and shortage of fuel it could last up to two

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For the Japanese this was not much different than sinking them, operationally speaking. For each of the heavily damaged aircraft carriers dozens of aircraft were destroyed that would have been impossible to be shot down by any Japanese forces via dogfights or anti-aircraft weapons at this stage of

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pilots and the IJAAF 1,387 – without successfully sinking any fleet carriers, cruisers, or battleships. This was far more than the IJN had lost in 1942 when it sank or crippled three US fleet carriers (albeit without inflicting significant casualties). In 1942, when US Navy vessels

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in the Tao'an area. The personnel were unharmed, as they managed to evade the raid. On 19 August, nine aircraft raided the tanks of the 21st Guards Tank Brigade. Seven were shot down, but two planes broke through; one tank was destroyed and the other damaged. About the raid, the author of the book

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On 17 August, the Kwantung Army command ordered its units to surrender, but some of the pilots disobeyed and the Japanese air attacks continued. On 18 August, convoys of the 20th and 21st Armored Brigade were attacked. The kamikazes traded six of their aircraft for a tank and a couple of cars. The

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The attacks began in October 1944, at a time when the war was looking increasingly bleak for the Japanese. They had lost several important battles, many of their best pilots had been killed, their aircraft were becoming outdated, and they had lost command of the air. Japan was losing pilots faster

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pilots believed their death would pay the debt they owed and show the love they had for their families, friends, and emperor. "So eager were many minimally trained pilots to take part in suicide missions that when their sorties were delayed or aborted, the pilots became deeply despondent. Many of

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units, pilots had made deliberate crashes as a last resort when their aircraft had suffered severe damage and they did not want to risk being captured or wanted to do as much damage to the enemy as possible, since they were crashing anyway. Such situations occurred in both the Axis and Allied air

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Pilots were given a manual that detailed how they were supposed to think, prepare, and attack. From this manual, pilots were told to "attain a high level of spiritual training", and to "keep health in the very best condition". These instructions, among others, were meant to make pilots mentally

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was hit by gunfire, it managed to drop a bomb that detonated on the flight deck, making a crater 3 m (10 ft) long, 0.6 m (2 ft) wide and 0.6 m (2 ft) deep. A long steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the main boiler room (where it ruptured a steam

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hits on five British carriers resulted in only 20 deaths while a combined total of 15 bomb hits, most of 500 kg (1,100 lb) weight or greater, and one torpedo hit on four carriers caused 193 fatal casualties earlier in the war—striking proof of the protective value of the armored flight

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When the volunteers arrived for duty in the corps, there were twice as many persons as aircraft available. "After the war, some commanders would express regret for allowing superfluous crews to accompany sorties, sometimes squeezing themselves aboard bombers and fighters so as to encourage the

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lost 25 planes in the Japanese attacks that ended the war for them. There were more lost planes on these three carriers alone (not including the numerous other successful strikes on other Allied carriers during the Battle of Okinawa) than the United States lost in the entire Battle of Midway.

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was mothballed soon after World War II despite all three of them receiving repairs back in the United States. Numerous other larger-than-destroyer warships were so heavily damaged that they also were knocked out for the rest of the war and decommissioned shortly after World War II.

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On 19 August 1945, 11 young officers under Second Lieutenant Hitoshi Imada, attached to the 675th Manchuria Detachment, accompanied by two women of their engagement, left the Daikosan airfield and made a final aerial suicide attack against one of the Soviet armored units that had

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pilots who were unable to complete their missions (because of mechanical failure, interception, etc.) were stigmatized in the years following the war. This stigma began to diminish some 50 years after the war as scholars and publishers began to distribute the survivors' stories.

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D. Loza recalls six Japanese aircraft attacked the convoy, which damaged one Sherman tank and destroyed a medical vehicle. Japanese commanders ordered weapons depots to be secured and the propellers of aircraft on airfields to be removed to stop these sorties. Supposedly, the

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interception and improved coordination between fighter direction officers on carriers. This plan also called for around-the-clock fighter patrols over Allied fleets. A final element included intensive fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields, and bombing Japanese runways, using

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When you eliminate all thoughts about life and death, you will be able to totally disregard your earthly life. This will also enable you to concentrate your attention on eradicating the enemy with unwavering determination, meanwhile reinforcing your excellence in flight

540:(IJNAS), such that they could no longer put together a large number of fleet carriers with well-trained aircrews. Japanese planners had assumed a quick war and lacked comprehensive programs to replace the losses of ships, pilots, and sailors. The Battle of Midway, the 2021:

raids often included escort fighters and conventional bombers piloted by skilled aviators who were not intended to execute suicide strikes. These coordinated groups, such as the one that paved the way for conventional bombers to successfully strike the fleet carrier

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was a special honour because the Emperor visited the shrine to pay homage twice a year. Yasukuni is the only shrine deifying common men which the Emperor would visit to pay his respects." Young Japanese people were indoctrinated from an early age with these ideals.

525:"Betty" medium bomber, which was in flames from anti-aircraft fire, most likely intentionally crashed into her backup conning tower, destroying almost all of the backup command equipment for the flagship. Most of the officers and men stationed there, including the 2516:

We tried to live with 120 per cent intensity, rather than waiting for death. We read and read, trying to understand why we had to die in our early twenties. We felt the clock ticking away towards our death, every sound of the clock shortening our lives.

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elevators or the flight deck. For horizontal attacks, the pilot was to "aim at the middle of the vessel, slightly higher than the waterline" or to "aim at the entrance to the aircraft hangar, or the bottom of the stack" if the former was too difficult.

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devotion. Although most pilots were unmarried (the average age was 19), some young fathers left loving instructions for their young wives and children to live well, and others expressed memories of unrequited love or the sorrow of dying young.

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were selected. Two 100 kg (220 lb) bombs were attached to two fighters, and the pilots took off before dawn, planning to crash into carriers. They never returned, but there is no record of a Kamikaze hitting an Allied ship that day.

1004:. The "Judy" made a run on the ship approaching from dead astern; it was met by effective fire and the aircraft passed over the island and exploded. Parts of the aircraft and the pilot were scattered over the flight deck and the forecastle. 2129:, which killed three of Mitscher's staff officers and eleven of his enlisted staff members and also destroyed his flag cabin along with all of his uniforms, personal papers, and possessions. Just three days later Mitscher's new flagship 501:, had destroyed a US aircraft carrier. It was explained that the term, which meant "thrust of body," was the practice of Japanese airmen to dive with the full load of bombs on to their target. Another possible example occurred at the 1503:

was preferred, and though their high rate of fire and quick training remained advantageous, they lacked the punch to take down a kamikaze bearing down on the ship they defended. It was found that heavy anti-aircraft guns such as the

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The resilience of well-armored vessels was shown on 4 May, just after 11:30, when there was a wave of suicide attacks against the British Pacific Fleet. One Japanese aircraft made a steep dive from "a great height" at the carrier

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asked a group of 23 talented student pilots, all of whom he had trained, to volunteer for the special attack force. All of the pilots raised both of their hands, volunteering to join the operation. Later, Tamai asked Lieutenant

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pilot to be chosen. He later said: "Japan's future is bleak if it is forced to kill one of its best pilots" and "I am not going on this mission for the Emperor or for the Empire ... I am going because I was ordered to."

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were escorted by other pilots whose function was to protect them en route to their destination and report on the results. Some of these escort pilots, such as Zero pilot Toshimitsu Imaizumi, were later sent out on their own

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attacked a tank column of the 20th Guards Tank Brigade. The paratroopers succeeded in shooting down two of the attacking aircraft, while the third crashed into a tank. During 12–13 August, 14 Japanese planes, including

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and escort pilots has revealed that they were motivated by a desire to protect their families from perceived atrocities and possible extinction at the hands of the Allies. They viewed themselves as the last defense.

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commented that "there were so many volunteers for suicide missions that he referred to them as a swarm of bees", explaining: "Bees die after they have stung." Okamura is credited with being the first to propose the

2646:. A Foreign Office official named Toshikazu Kase said: "It was customary for GHQ to make false announcements of victory in utter disregard of facts, and for the elated and complacent public to believe them." 2768:

involved in recruiting soldiers for the sacrifice. Their motivations in "volunteering" were complex and not simply about patriotism or bringing honour to their families. Firsthand interviews with surviving

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I would confess." This brutal "training" was justified by the idea that it would instil a "soldier's fighting spirit", but daily beatings and corporal punishment eliminated patriotism among many pilots.

1768:. The British were able to clear the flight deck and resume flight operations in just hours, while their American counterparts took a few days or even months, as observed by a US Navy liaison officer on 5276: 3604: 2661:. Stories like these, which showed the kind of praise and honour death produced, encouraged young Japanese to volunteer for the Special Attack Corps and instilled a desire in the youth to die as a 2818:

region). Suicide-mission pilots looked over their shoulders to see the mountain, the southernmost on the Japanese mainland, said farewell to their country and saluted the mountain. Residents on

595:. The Japanese lost over 400 carrier-based aircraft and pilots in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, effectively putting an end to their carriers' potency. Allied aviators called the action the " 879:

to command the special attack force. Seki is said to have closed his eyes, lowered his head, and thought for ten seconds before saying: "Please do appoint me to the post." Seki became the 24th

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The exact number of ships sunk is a matter of debate. According to a wartime Japanese propaganda announcement, the missions sank 81 ships and damaged 195, and according to a Japanese tally,

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made a dent 3 metres (10 ft) long and 0.6 metres (2 ft) wide and deep in the armored flight deck. Eight crew members were killed, 47 were wounded, and 11 aircraft were destroyed.

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said: "We never dared to question orders, to doubt authority, to do anything but immediately carry out all the commands of our superiors. We were automatons who obeyed without thinking."

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attack on an Allied ship. Other sources disagree because it was not a planned attack by a member of the Special Attack Force and was most likely undertaken on the pilot's own initiative.

1251:, the Japanese military attempted to use suicide attacks against this threat. During the northern hemisphere winter of 1944–45, the IJAAF formed the 47th Air Regiment, also known as the 3090: 3085: 2478:!" They were sheep at a slaughterhouse. Everybody was looking down and tottering. Some were unable to stand up and were carried and pushed into their aircraft by maintenance soldiers. 1746:

were destroyed. The fires were gradually brought under control, and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 17:00, Corsairs were able to land. On 9 May,

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duty, and then on the carriers in the middle of the fleet. Suicide attacks by aircraft or boats at Okinawa sank or put out of action at least 30 US warships and at least three US

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pilot's manual told pilots to never close their eyes, as this would lower the chances of hitting their targets. In the final moments before the crash, the pilot was to yell "

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carried out more than 50 suicide attacks against the Soviet Red Army in August 1945. That is the number of aircraft the Japanese attributed to "other losses". Overall, the

1508:(127 mm) were the most effective as they had sufficient firepower to destroy aircraft at a safe range from the ship, which was preferable since even a heavily damaged 587:(June 1944), the Japanese had to make do with obsolete aircraft and inexperienced aviators in the fight against better-trained and more experienced US Navy airmen who flew 5882: 5800: 4285: 4115: 6812: 433:

was used only informally in the Japanese press in relation to suicide attacks, but after the war, this usage gained acceptance worldwide and was re-imported into Japan.

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attack should engage in the task first. Some persons who obeyed the policy, such as Kiyokuma Okajima, Saburo Shindo and Iyozo Fujita, were also critical of the policy.

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van der Does-Ishikawa, Luli (2015). "Contested memories of the Kamikaze and the self-representations of Tokkō-tai youth in their missives home". In Hook, G. D. (ed.).

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pilot's manual also explained how a pilot may turn back if he could not locate a target, and that a pilot "should not waste life lightly". One pilot, a graduate from

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line) before coming to rest in a fuel tank near the aircraft park, where it started a major fire. Eight personnel were killed and 47 were wounded. One Corsair and ten

4456: 6604: 1607:, along with some from other Allied forces. The attacks expended 1,465 aircraft. Many warships of all classes were damaged, some severely, but no aircraft carriers, 825:("Frances") land-based bombers, and one additional reconnaissance aircraft. The task facing the Japanese air forces seemed impossible. The 1st Air Fleet commandant, 1634: 6005: 7011: 6981: 4488: 677:

attack tactics. With his superiors, he arranged the first investigations into the plausibility and mechanisms of intentional suicide attacks on 15 June 1944.

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As the end of the war approached, the Allies did not suffer more serious significant losses, despite having far more ships and facing a greater intensity of

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its potentialities against ships. It is the opposite extreme of a lot of our Army heavy bombers who bomb safely and ineffectively from the upper atmosphere.

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tactic, newspapers and books ran advertisements, articles and stories regarding the suicide bombers to aid in recruiting and support. In October 1944, the

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attacks were successful. The Japanese considered the goal of damaging or sinking large numbers of Allied ships to be a just reason for suicide attacks;

799:, was assigned the task of assisting the Japanese ships that would attempt to destroy Allied forces in Leyte Gulf. That unit had only 41 aircraft: 34 3776: 3753:. Access date: 20 June 2007. If the pilot was from the 6th Flying Brigade, it was probably either Lieutenant Morita or Sergeant Itano, flying out of 3438: 2430:, commander of the second air fleet, was inspecting the 341st Air Group, Captain Okamura took the chance to express his ideas on crash-dive tactics: 1672:) while conducting operations with fully fueled and armed aircraft spotted on deck for takeoff, an extremely vulnerable state for any carrier. Eight 6639: 1950:

attacks were recorded on 20 August 1945. Shortly afterward, the main strength of the Japanese Army began to lay down its arms in surrender per the

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The tradition of death instead of defeat, capture, and shame was deeply entrenched in Japanese military culture; one of the primary values in the

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While many stories were falsified, some were true, such as that of Kiyu Ishikawa, who saved a Japanese ship when he crashed his aircraft into a

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Special Attack Force carried out its first mission. Five A6M Zeros, led by Lieutenant Seki, were escorted to the target by leading Japanese ace

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to strike at the Japanese home islands. After the fall of Saipan, the Japanese High Command predicted that the Allies would try to capture the

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those who were selected for a body crashing mission were described as being extraordinarily blissful immediately before their final sortie."

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to attack the largest tanker in Vladivostok, and if he failed, to ram the biggest house in the city. On the same day, the Soviet minesweeper

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attacks, and more than 5,000 had already been specially fitted for suicide attack to resist the planned either American or Soviet invasion.

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alone could bring over 1,000 fighter aircraft into play. Allied pilots became adept at destroying enemy aircraft before they struck ships.

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pilots from Japan to Korea to attack Soviet warships, but the Japanese leadership decided to surrender and the operation was cancelled.

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Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk or Damaged Beyond Repair during World War II, 7 December 1941 – 1 October 1945

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was a simple, easily built propeller aircraft with a wooden airframe that used engines from existing stocks. Its non-retractable

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During the final stage of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army aviation employed numbers of kamikaze airstrikes against the

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was diminishing relative to that of the Allies. These factors, along with Japan's unwillingness to surrender, led to the use of

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Kamikaze Attacks of World War II: A Complete History of Japanese Suicide Strikes on American Ships, by Aircraft and Other Means

4308: 3803: 556:(October 1942) – decimated the IJNAS veteran aircrews, and replacing their combat experience proved impossible. 2212:, the historians Willmott, Cross, and Messenger stated that more than 70 U.S. vessels were "sunk or damaged beyond repair" by 1387: 1124:, diving into the flight deck, where his bomb caused fires that resulted in the bomb magazine exploding, sinking the carrier. 1065:

strike, but the attack occurred before the first mission of the Special Attack Force (on 25 October) and the aircraft used, a

6501: 3398: 1528:, on average seven times more effective than regular shells, became available, and the US Navy recommended their use against 1240:—were followed by an immediate expansion of the program, and over the next few months over 2,000 aircraft made such attacks. 1044: 4315: 4058: 1591:. On 6 April 1945, waves of aircraft made hundreds of attacks in Operation Kikusui ("floating chrysanthemums"). At Okinawa, 1405:

on 25 October 1944. The aircraft exploded in mid-air moments after the picture was taken, scattering debris across the deck.

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fell to the Allied forces on 15 July 1944. Its capture provided adequate forward bases that enabled US air forces using the

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Fusata Iida's aircraft had taken a hit and had started leaking fuel when he apparently used it to make a suicide attack on

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were repaired, although they were then mothballed or sold off as surplus after World War II without re-entering service.

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played a role in the decision to not repair damaged carriers, while even seriously damaged American carriers such as USS

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forces. Axell and Kase see these suicides as "individual, impromptu decisions by men who were mentally prepared to die".

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Richard L. Dunn, 2002–2005, "First Kamikaze? Attack on HMAS Australia – 21 October 1944" (j-aircraft.com)

3683: 963:Ōnishi, addressing this unit, told them that their nobility of spirit would keep the homeland from ruin even in defeat. 266:, the Japanese military also used or made plans for non-aerial Japanese Special Attack Units, including those involving 6742: 6722: 6196: 6191: 6090: 6030: 5821: 5811: 5502: 5412: 5389: 5370: 5351: 5322: 5245: 5228: 5211: 5193: 5119: 5083: 4779: 4739: 4567: 3885: 3320: 3204: 2792: 537: 4611: 1619:

at Okinawa. Most of the ships lost were destroyers or smaller vessels, especially those on picket duty. The destroyer

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also flew solo. On 18 August, several ammunition resupply vehicles carrying ammunition for BM-13 were destroyed by a

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strike greatly changed the course of what was to happen during the infamous "Friday the 13th" battle 12 hours later.

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had launched. The sergeant-major was posthumously promoted to second lieutenant by the emperor and was enshrined at

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was passed, under which students were required to ritually recite its oath to offer themselves "courageously to the

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It was claimed by the Japanese forces at the time that there were many volunteers for the suicidal forces. Captain

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Allied pilots were more experienced, better trained and in command of superior aircraft, making the poorly trained

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attacks. Early on 21 October 1944, a Japanese aircraft deliberately crashed into the foremast of the heavy cruiser

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attacks. He had expressed his desire to lead a volunteer group of suicide attacks some four months before Admiral

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and beyond. The Seafires' best day was 15 August 1945, shooting down eight attacking aircraft with a single loss.

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attacks accounted for up to 80% of the U.S. losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific. In a 2004 book,

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American Merchant Marine at War (website), 2006, "Chronological List of U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged during 1945"

3479: 3369: 3284: 3264: 3244: 2586: 673:, as well as the 341st Air Group Home, was, according to some sources, the first officer to officially propose 579:, outclassed and soon outnumbered Japan's fighters. Tropical diseases, as well as shortages of spare parts and 549: 4407: 4376: 6986: 6526: 5951: 5866: 5856: 5472: 3924: 1521: 1379:

for use against Allied forces expected to invade Japan. The invasion never happened, and few were ever used.

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was jettisoned shortly after takeoff for a suicide mission, recovered, and reused. Obsolete aircraft such as

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https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-048/h-048-1.html

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detection and cuing, airborne interception, attrition, and massive anti-aircraft barrages, 14 per cent of

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At the time of the surrender, the Japanese had more than 9,000 aircraft in the home islands available for

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airstrikes proved ineffective and had little or no effect on the Red Army during the Soviet–Japanese War.

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Australian journalists Denis and Peggy Warner, in a 1982 book with Japanese naval historian Sadao Seno (

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attackers sank 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800. Despite

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At least one of these pilots was a conscripted Korean with a Japanese name, adopted under the pre-war

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at 17:29. The aircraft and its bomb penetrated two decks before exploding, killing 13 and wounding 44.

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with which to end their lives if they risked being captured. Like all Army and Navy servicemen, the

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by Japanese pilots from units other than the Special Attack Force, have been described as the first

832:, decided to form a suicide offensive force, the Special Attack Unit. In a meeting on 19 October at 536:

The carrier battles in 1942, particularly the Battle of Midway, inflicted irreparable damage on the

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suicide pilots and, it seems, join in the exultation of sinking a large enemy vessel." Many of the

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approached a US task group. According to some accounts, two made suicide attacks, one of which hit

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During 1943–1944, US forces steadily advanced toward Japan. Newer US-made aircraft, especially the

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attacks. Although causing some of the heaviest casualties on US carriers in 1945 (particularly as

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mission occurred on 13 September 1944. A group of pilots from the army's 31st Fighter Squadron on

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Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms: The Militarization of Aesthetics in Japanese History

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Huggins, Mark (May–June 1999). "Setting Sun: Japanese Air Defence of the Philippines 1944–1945".

4001: 2971: 2840:, Tadashi Minobe and Yoshio Shiga, refused to obey the policy. They said that the commander of a 2745: 2594: 2224: 2110: 1890: 1844: 1769: 1650: 1558: 1485: 1337: 1264: 666: 2702:, a "belt of a thousand stitches" given to them by their mothers. They also composed and read a 2581:

practices. As time went on, Americans claimed, Shinto was used increasingly in the promotion of

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aircraft. Gordon says that the Warners and Seno included ten ships that did not sink. He lists:

50: 6966: 6961: 6904: 6747: 6314: 6076: 6040: 6016: 5913: 5898: 5747: 5659: 4859: 2736: 2352: 2299: 2185: 2104: 1826: 1544: 1040: 486: 470: 394: 172: 3196: 3120: 2684:

Army officers took their swords along, while the Navy pilots (as a general rule) did not. The

2071:

first and third largest fatalities on sunken or damaged U.S. aircraft carriers in World War II

6890: 6769: 6663: 6100: 5562: 5441: 5339: 5233: 3674: 2597:. The ultimate offering was to give up one's life. It was an honour to die for Japan and the 2379: 2358: 2165:

suffered structural damage that led to them being scrapped, as being beyond economic repair.

2035: 1997:

was unlucky to get hit with fueled and armed aircraft on deck), the IJN had sacrificed 2,525

1955: 1642: 1496: 1454: 1145: 1132: 1103: 994: 764:, near Leyte Gulf, on or about 15 October 1944. Arima was killed and part of an aircraft hit 381:

In Japanese, the formal term used for units carrying out suicide attacks during 1944–1945 is

364:

A Japanese monoplane that made a record-breaking flight from Tokyo to London in 1937 for the

275: 41: 32:

Direct Kamikaze suicide-aircraft strike against US Naval vessel, resulting in visible damage.

4769: 4719: 3188: 2605:, that is 'guardian spirits' of the country. ... Many Japanese felt that to be enshrined at 1832:, was on a radar picket line off Okinawa when she was struck by an obsolete wood-and-fabric 1505: 1433:(CAP) that were larger and operated farther from the carriers than before, a line of picket 1027:

dive bomber, from an unidentified unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, or a

864:. Araki died the following day, at the age of 17, in a suicide attack on ships near Okinawa. 6231: 6055: 6045: 5557: 5272: 4260:"Last flight: Why did one young Japanese woman join her pilot husband on kamikaze mission?" 4237: 3599: 3115: 3001: 2898: 2557:" (必殺) at the top of his lungs, which translates to "certain kill" or "sink without fail". 2309: 2195: 1934:, the commander of the IJN 5th Air Fleet based in Kyushu, participated in one of the final 1755: 1569: 1282: 1187: 1095:

but instead exploded on the port catwalk and cartwheeled into the sea. Two others dived at

1073: 1017: 829: 792: 758: 406: 238: 3949: 1413:, already famous for developing effective aerial tactics against the Japanese such as the 8: 6911: 6463: 6410: 6383: 6373: 6319: 6309: 6294: 6171: 5995: 5674: 5669: 5552: 5433: 5404: 4747: 4720: 3125: 2721: 2395: 2328: 2322: 2094: 1743: 1731: 1685: 1620: 1576: 1458: 1331: 1297: 1139: 1081: 800: 609: 572: 545: 370: 6246: 4645: 3847: 2910: 2157:

strikes, British fleet carriers with their armoured flight decks recovered more quickly

1524:

extremely difficult. By 1945, large numbers of anti-aircraft shells with radiofrequency

521:, was heavily damaged during a Japanese bombing raid when a large twin-engined Japanese 6432: 6369: 6186: 6156: 5697: 4585: 4573: 4215: 3404: 2991: 2316: 1886: 1466: 1055: 576: 346: 317: 291: 230: 2849: 1938:

attacks on American ships on 15 August 1945, hours after Japan's announced surrender.

6956: 6791: 6707: 6473: 6161: 6141: 5908: 5537: 5408: 5385: 5366: 5347: 5318: 5299: 5282: 5258: 5252: 5241: 5224: 5207: 5189: 5172: 5162: 5134: 5115: 5098: 5079: 5056: 5028: 4962: 4775: 4735: 4577: 4563: 3881: 3754: 3394: 3365: 3316: 3296: 3280: 3260: 3240: 3200: 3189: 3164: 3100: 2917: 2539: 2176: 1853: 1696: 1588: 1447: 1430: 1244: 1009: 857: 592: 160: 97: 5617: 3811: 3750: 3618:

ww2pacific.com, 2004, "World War II in the Pacific: Japanese Suicide Attacks at Sea"

2474:

It's all a lie that they left filled with braveness and joy, crying, "Long live the

2456:

pilots as noble soldiers willing to sacrifice their lives for the country. In 2006,

1441:

at least 80 km (50 mi) from the main body of the fleet to provide earlier

1296:

that had flown almost 4,000 km (2,500 mi) from Japan, in a mission called

333: 66: 6717: 6614: 6334: 6050: 5722: 4555: 3130: 2980: 2976: 2815: 2574: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2367: 2334: 2290: 2260: 1795: 1680: 1551: 1438: 1422: 1194: 1154:

strike forward of its aft elevator the day before); and three smaller escorts: USS

1036: 1028: 916: 712: 700: 662: 619: 502: 490: 459: 375: 6589: 4559: 1946:

known as the Shinshu Fumetsu Special Attack Corps (Japanese: 神州不滅特別攻撃隊), The last

1860:. In the middle of August the Japanese military planned to dispatch a group of 30 681: 225:

were still able to hit their targets even after their aircraft had been crippled.

6934: 6807: 6634: 6339: 6256: 6176: 5649: 5488: 5451: 4319: 4312: 3928: 3909: 3687: 3624: 3310: 3038: 2944: 2856:

attack because he thought the task of fighter pilots was to shoot down aircraft.

2740:

Chiran high school girls wave farewell with cherry blossom branches to departing

2658: 2462: 2457: 2283: 1883:

crashed without hitting their targets. Damage from these attacks was negligible.

1353: 1159: 1096: 925: 773: 168: 6251: 3110: 2881: 2845: 2823: 1900:

on 11 May 1945, resulting in 396 personnel dead or missing and over 260 wounded.

630:, strategically important to Tokyo because of the islands' location between the 221:

was more accurate than conventional attacks, and often caused more damage. Some

87: 6781: 6584: 6478: 6299: 6289: 6146: 6110: 5532: 5072: 4457:"Admiral Spruance Recounts Kamikaze Attack on His Flagship, New Mexico (BB-40)" 3945: 3900: 3729: 3502:"John E. Bennett oral history interview, February 5, 1994 and February 6, 1994" 3408: 3386: 3135: 3060: 2889: 2836:

Some Japanese military personnel were critical of the policy. Officers such as

2749: 2590: 2103:

was hit in March and had to retire for repairs which forced him to transfer to

1806: 1525: 1472: 1396: 1314:, opposed to converted fighters and dive-bombers, were also being constructed. 1268: 1089: 1085: 1066: 998: 833: 815: 811: 747: 739: 735: 726: 684:

news agency that a flight instructor named Takeo Tagata was training pilots in

522: 389:), which literally means "special attack unit". This is usually abbreviated to 191:

pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by

164: 6619: 6594: 4102: 3971: 2933: 2390: 446: 6950: 6712: 6105: 5826: 5816: 5644: 5609: 5102: 4489:"Precision Weapons, Power Projection, and The Revolution In Military Affairs" 3829:"HyperWar: Antiaircraft Action Summary – Suicide Attacks [Chapter 2]" 3678: 3232: 3105: 3065: 3017: 2984: 2802:

missions often flew southwest from Japan over the 922 m (3,025 ft)

2765: 2181: 2118: 2114: 1973: 1813: 1762: 1604: 1517: 1476:

An A6M5 "Zero" diving towards American ships in the Philippines in early 1945

1426: 1315: 1301: 1260: 1201: 871: 696: 365: 338: 59: 6206: 1131:

from the Special Attack Force had also damaged three large escort carriers:

844: 6727: 6686: 5702: 5579: 5216: 5176: 3052: 2894: 2885: 2873: 2837: 2819: 2803: 2779: 2764:

missions, it has also been contended that there was extensive coercion and

2689: 2570: 2346: 2340: 1978: 1931: 1833: 1780: 1600: 1364: 1360: 1289: 1113:. Seki however, under heavy fire and trailing smoke, aborted the attack on 826: 819: 804: 777: 732: 451: 342: 180: 6276: 5893: 5286: 4554:. Vol. 27. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis UK. pp. 50–84. 4193: 2630:

of the Special Attack Corps." Publishers also played up the idea that the

2243:

survived to score a hit on a ship; nearly 8.5 percent of all ships hit by

2044:-related attacks that they were knocked out for the remainder of the war. 1707: 6354: 5903: 5446: 4836:

The Last Zero Fighter: Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

3645: 3617: 2582: 1715: 1414: 913:

Shikishima no Yamato-gokoro wo hito towaba, asahi ni niou yamazakura bana

849: 358: 304: 176: 5112:

The Last Zero Fighter Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

5016: 4997: 4979: 2795:

and other Japanese air bases during the Battle of Okinawa were Koreans.

2452:

As time wore on, modern critics questioned the nationalist portrayal of

6927: 6151: 5767: 4612:"The Saturday Profile; Shadow Shogun Steps Into Light, to Change Japan" 2877: 2811: 2760:

While it is commonly perceived that volunteers signed up in droves for

2703: 2698: 2639: 2276: 2077:-class carriers to never serve on active duty after World War II while 1787:

hits a Limey carrier it's just a case of 'Sweepers, man your brooms'."

1645:. American carriers also suffered considerably heavier casualties from 1608: 1410: 1344:

attacks from March 1945. US personnel gave them the derisive nickname "

1319: 1234: 1118: 908: 876: 769: 466: 6786: 6060: 5278:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945

2006:

were unable to turn the tide of the war and stop the Allied invasion.

1626:

earned the nickname "The Ship That Would Not Die" after surviving six

1039:, and wounded 64, including the Australian force commander, Commodore 6483: 6458: 6453: 6261: 6132: 6065: 5737: 4854: 4335:. Naval History and Heritage Command National Museum of the U.S. Navy 3972:"History and Technology – Kamikaze Damage to US and British Carriers" 3605:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945

3075: 2654: 2542:, who continually came back to base was shot after his ninth return. 2200:

25 November 1944. Over 75 men were killed or missing and 100 wounded.

1596: 1434: 1024: 990: 868: 861: 4036: 4019:"Воспоминания очевидцев: Японцы отправляли на фронт танки-камикадзе" 3501: 3364:. Milsons Point NSW Australia: Random House Australia. p. 122. 3277:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

1061:

on 24 October is listed in some sources as the first ship lost to a

485:

One example of this may have occurred on 7 December 1941 during the

6562: 5681: 5625: 3804:"Divine Wind The Japanese secret weapon – kamikaze suicide attacks" 3013: 3009: 2963:(2007), directed by Taku Shinjo (Original title: "俺は、君のためにこそ死ににいく" 2606: 2598: 2475: 1951: 1840: 1392: 1327: 1035:. The attack killed 30 personnel, including the cruiser's captain, 704: 631: 465:

on 25 November 1944. The attack left 15 killed and 44 wounded. The

202: 28: 5457: 3921: 3091:

List of Imperial Japanese Navy air-to-surface special attack units

3086:

List of Imperial Japanese Army air-to-surface special attack units

2161:. Post-war analysis showed that some British carriers such as HMS 986: 559: 5732: 5428: 4138:"The Soviet Invasion of Manchuria led to Japan's Greatest Defeat" 3675:"Motoori Norinaga: A scholar-physician who loved cherry blossoms" 2784: 2712: 2707: 2650: 2373: 1958:. The Soviet–Japanese War, and World War II, had come to an end. 1870:

also operated against Red Army ground units. On August 10, three

1612: 721: 279: 255: 250: 245: 210: 187:

more effectively than with conventional air attacks. About 3,800

184: 4693:"Advice to Japanese kamikaze pilots during the second world war" 3391:

Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation

2577:

to differentiate the Japanese state's ideology from traditional

1725:

was damaged beyond economical repair and scrapped after the war.

1565: 1274:("Tojo") fighters, whose pilots were instructed to collide with 583:, made operations more and more difficult for the IJNAS. By the 6732: 6655: 6415: 5584: 5188:(in Japanese). Translated by Yoshio Masuda. Kasumi Publishing. 3362:

Battle Surface! Japan's Submarine War Against Australia 1942–44

2717: 2578: 2405:

aircraft used towards the end of the war. The U.S. called them

1812:("Nick") heavy fighters caused enough damage for the destroyer 1069:, was not flown by the original four Special Attack Squadrons. 796: 788: 685: 271: 267: 3848:"United States of America 20 mm/70 (0.79") Marks 2, 3 & 4" 3701:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3663:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3650:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

2267:, lists in a 2007 article 47 ships known to have been sunk by 7027:

Aviation accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes

5777: 4286:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 4116:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 2236: 1442: 670: 588: 418: 414: 259: 5148:

Inoguchi, Rikihei; Nakajima, Tadashi; Pineau, Roger (1959).

3081:

Kampfgeschwader 200 § Suicide and near-suicide missions

1649:

strikes; for instance, 389 men were killed in one attack on

1495:

attacks. Light rapid-fire anti-aircraft weapons such as the

393:(特攻隊). More specifically, air suicide attack units from the 6813:

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God

5238:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers.

3521:

U.S. Naval War College Analysis, p. 1; Parshall and Tully,

3511:– via East Carolina University Manuscript Collection. 2999:) a 2024 film also directed by Takashi Yamazaki set in the 2677: 2617:

First recruits for Japanese Kamikaze suicide pilots in 1944

971: 580: 323: 303:

was a reference to the two typhoons that sank or dispersed

116: 5294:

Willmott, H. P.; Cross, Robin; Messenger, Charles (2004).

4771:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

4722:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

2634:

were enshrined at Yasukuni and ran exaggerated stories of

2524:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

699:

decided to launch a suicide attack the following morning.

5221:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

5017:"Ore wa, kimi no tame ni koso shini ni iku (2007) – IMDb" 4435:"H-048-1: Kamikaze Attacks on U.S. Flagships off Okinawa" 4006:, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington. pp. 383–384 2787:

to take Japanese personal names. Eleven of the 1,036 IJA

1819:

to be scuttled. The last ship in the war to be sunk, the

1491:

Allied gunners had begun to develop techniques to negate

229:

than it could train their replacements, and the nation's

2137:, forcing him to have to change his flagship yet again. 4159:"Soviet Invasion of Manchuria: Catching Japan Unawares" 1371:. During 1945, the Japanese military began stockpiling 795:. The Imperial Japanese Navy's 1st Air Fleet, based at 5293: 5147: 4410:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4379:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4322:, Pacific War, Washington D.C., 1 July 1946, pp 70–71. 3441:. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, United States Marine Corps 3237:

War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War

1805:

attacks on Allied forces off Okinawa, while a pair of

1801:("Peggy") medium bombers, based on Formosa, undertook 852:, holding a puppy, with four other pilots of the 72nd 738:, the commander of the 26th Air Flotilla (part of the 345:" and has been used since August 1281 to refer to the 5338: 5240:

Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

4549: 2921:, an anthology of short films containing one about a 2466:, criticized Japanese nationalists' glorification of 2435:

me with 300 aircraft and I will turn the tide of war.

2401:("cherry blossom"), a specially built rocket-powered 718:

was hit by a deliberately crashed Japanese aircraft.

5254:

Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze

3028: 2026:, were crucial. In fact, three large fleet carriers— 1737:

and was engaged by anti-aircraft guns. Although the

1587:

attack frequency came during April–June 1945 at the

548:(1942–1945) – notably the Battles of 429:

in Japanese. During World War II, the pronunciation

327:

is the word for "god", "spirit", or "divinity", and

5159:

Divine Thunder: The Life and Death of the Kamikazes

2930:

Last Kamikaze Testimonials from WWII Suicide Pilots

2298:14 destroyers, including the last ship to be sunk, 1779:hits a US carrier it means six months of repair at 1633:American carriers, with their wooden flight decks, 1429:well away from the carrier force. This recommended 780:and was given official credit for making the first 5071: 4850:"International : A "Japanese hero" goes home" 4105:, NavSource Online: Aircraft Carrier Photo Archive 3468:The Shanghai Sunday Times, March 1, 1942, page 1 . 2121:were yards away from getting killed or wounded by 1395:(A6M2 Model 21) towards the end of its run at the 5315:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 5202:Parshall, Jonathan B., Tully, Anthony P. (2005). 3191:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 6948: 6640:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5382:Fire from the Sky: Surviving the Kamikaze Threat 5360: 5152:. London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. 4491:. USAF Historical Studies Office. Archived from 4033:"Смертники и полусмертники против Красной Армии" 3393:, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 120–126, 2140:Spruance later wrote about the effectiveness of 1457:(BPF) used the high-altitude performance of its 1340:, launched from bombers, were first deployed in 1307:survived a hit from an aircraft just off Japan. 1008:Several suicide attacks, carried out during the 966: 213:, and/or other explosives. About 19 per cent of 6841:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 6610:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 5223:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 4530:. Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 139. 4512: 4510: 3845: 3565:"Father of the Kamikaze Liner Notes – AnimEigo" 3012:Kōichi Shikishima as he encounters the monster 1790:Twin-engine aircraft were occasionally used in 1630:attacks and four bomb hits during this battle. 711:According to some sources, on 14 October 1944, 401:(神風特別攻撃隊, "divine wind special attack units"). 127: 5594: 4767: 4752: 4717: 3823: 3821: 3665:, pp. 289–290 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 473:port wing tank trails fuel vapor and/or smoke. 413:or Chinese-derived pronunciation) of the same 237:tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the 138: 85: 69:, 21, the pilots who flew their aircraft into 7012:Military history of Japan during World War II 6982:Aerial operations and battles of World War II 6671: 5473: 5379: 5014: 4879:(25 September 2004). Retrieved 21 August 2011 3728:(28). Australian War Memorial. Archived from 2097:'s flagships were struck two separate times ( 1641:hits than the armored-decked carriers of the 5050: 4813: 4638:"Publisher dismayed by Japanese nationalism" 4507: 3801: 3439:"Fusata Iida: WWII's first 'Kamikaza' pilot" 3384: 2975:(永遠の0 Eien no Zero) a 2013 film directed by 2672:pilots departed on their final mission. The 2253:The Sacred Warriors: Japan's Suicide Legions 1856:. It is believed to have been attacked by a 1106:fire. The last two, Seki among them, ran at 787:On 17 October 1944, Allied forces assaulted 750:"Betty" twin-engined bomber against a large 746:tactic. Arima personally led an attack by a 742:), is sometimes credited with inventing the 16:1944–1945 Japanese suicidal aircraft attacks 5957:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 5033:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4774:. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4408:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - March 1945" 3948:Naval & Maritime Museum. Archived from 3818: 3385:Porter, Edgar A.; Porter, Ran Ying (2017), 3195:. New Vanguard. Osprey Publishing. p. 2872:in English), released in 1970, produced by 2680:or water known as "mizu no sakazuki". Many 1382: 772:seized on Arima's example. He was promoted 602:On 19 June 1944, aircraft from the carrier 505:when a damaged American bomber flew at the 175:naval vessels in the closing stages of the 6678: 6664: 5480: 5466: 4903:Tokko Kyohi No Ishoku Shudan Suiseyashutai 3895: 3893: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3477: 2255:), arrived at a total of 57 ships sunk by 1375:, Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka, other aircraft and 1352:is Japanese for "idiot" or "stupid"). The 1088:. One Zero attempted to hit the bridge of 907:. These names were taken from a patriotic 887:The names of the four subunits within the 6360:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5970:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 4459:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4437:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4377:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - May 1945" 4194:"終戦後に特攻した「神州不滅特別攻撃隊」そこには女性の姿も。彼らが残した思いとは" 3912:(U.S. Navy) Access date: 1 December 2007. 3703:, p. 284 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3652:, p. 289 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3315:. London: Pearson Education. p. ix. 3299:, Tome I, poem 163, Tome IV poem 500 etc. 2965:Ore wa, Kimi no Tame ni Koso Shini ni Iku 1499:autocannons were still useful though the 1417:, developed a defensive strategy against 1409:In early 1945, US Navy aviator Commander 997:from the tail of a "Judy" on the deck of 5743:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 5447:World War II Database: Kamikaze Doctrine 5442:An ex-kamikaze pilot creates a new world 5250: 4678: 4525: 4304: 4302: 3839: 3182: 3180: 3096:List of ships damaged by kamikaze attack 2897:also produced a biographical film about 2735: 2612: 2389: 2175: 1972: 1885: 1706: 1679: 1564: 1539: 1471: 1386: 1367:biplane trainers were also converted to 985: 970: 843: 720: 680:In August 1944, it was announced by the 641: 563:Model 52c Zeros ready to take part in a 558: 529:, were killed or wounded. This de facto 445: 321:is usually translated as "divine wind" ( 295: 285: 27: 5092: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4552:Excavating the Power of Memory in Japan 4486: 3890: 3719: 3706: 3359: 3255:Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook, 3163:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 171. 3071:Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots 1516:presented a very difficult problem for 1318:Mitsuo Ohta had suggested that piloted 1233:Early successes—such as the sinking of 1171: 1023:. This aircraft was possibly either an 933: – it is the flowers of 803:("Zeke") carrier-based fighters, three 657:flight deck amidships 25 November 1944. 6949: 6873:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones 6558:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 5312: 5271: 5156: 4309:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 3436: 3186: 2642:for little children that promoted the 2560: 1977:Ugaki, shortly before taking off in a 1896:, an aircraft carrier, was hit by two 1045:Australian official history of the war 650:aircraft explodes after crashing into 331:for "wind"). The word originated from 7022:World War II suicide weapons of Japan 6659: 5461: 5399:Wragg, David (2011). "10. Kamikaze". 5398: 5069: 5051:Axell, Albert; Hideaki, Kase (2002). 4940:Allan R. Millett, Williamson Murray, 4834:King, Dan (July 2012). "4 Imaizumi". 4299: 3880:, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2008 3437:Mulero, Alexis R. (7 December 2001). 3308: 3213: 3177: 3158: 2167:Britain's post-war economic situation 201:aircraft were pilot-guided explosive 96: 5962:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 5718:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 5183: 5128: 5109: 4833: 4822: 4078: 3870:Danger's Hour, The Story of the USS 3221:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 6848:House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths 6630:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 5872:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 5487: 4748:University of Chicago Press website 3515: 3478:McCandless, Bruce (November 1958). 2720:from their families and were given 2668:Ceremonies were carried out before 2089:were so relentless at Okinawa that 1981:to participate in one of the final 1595:attacks focused at first on Allied 1512:could reach its target. The speedy 1243:When Japan began to suffer intense 915:by the Japanese classical scholar, 458:) "Judy" in a suicide dive against 13: 5332: 4892:(Japanese), Nekopublishing, p. 376 4644:. 10 February 2006. Archived from 4357:. U.S. Naval Institute. April 2005 3846:DiGiulian, Tony (September 2006). 2621:Following the commencement of the 2009:While on paper it may appear that 1288:was hit and moderately damaged at 538:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 14: 7038: 5422: 2961:Assault on the Pacific – Kamikaze 2934:Documentary Educational Resources 2159:compared to their US counterparts 2117:and his chief of staff Commodore 1579:(visible top left), 11 April 1945 691:One source claims that the first 511:'s bridge but missed. During the 209:) in aircraft loaded with bombs, 6685: 6330:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 5593: 5401:The Pacific Naval War, 1941–1945 4918:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 197–99 4905:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 104–08 4858:. 22 August 2005. Archived from 3045: 3031: 2798:It is said that young pilots on 2791:pilots who died in sorties from 2706:, a tradition stemming from the 1520:fire, since their velocity made 1292:, in the Caroline Islands, by a 1211: 1180: 1047:claimed that this was the first 1033:Imperial Japanese Army Air Force 768:. The Japanese high command and 49: 40: 6345:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 5346:. University of Chicago Press. 5206:. Washington: Potomac Books. 5044: 5008: 4998:"Father of the Kamikaze (1974)" 4990: 4972: 4951: 4934: 4921: 4908: 4895: 4882: 4866: 4842: 4804: 4795: 4761: 4711: 4660: 4630: 4604: 4543: 4534: 4519: 4480: 4471: 4449: 4427: 4400: 4369: 4347: 4325: 4278: 4252: 4230: 4208: 4186: 4173: 4151: 4130: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4072: 4051: 4025: 4021:(in Russian). 3 September 2015. 4011: 3995: 3982: 3964: 3934: 3915: 3899:Naval Historical Center, 2004, 3862: 3795: 3769: 3760: 3744: 3693: 3668: 3655: 3639: 3630: 3611: 3593: 3584: 3575: 3557: 3545: 3528: 3494: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3430: 3421: 3378: 3353: 2710:, who did so before committing 1450:making repairs more difficult. 1072:On 25 October 1944, during the 945:A less literal translation is: 618:The important Japanese base of 148:Divine Wind Special Attack Unit 6600:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 5713:Imperial Rescript on Education 5298:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 5251:Sheftall, Mordecai G. (2005). 5053:Kamikaze: Japan's Suicide Gods 4942:Military Effectiveness Volume3 4768:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2007). 4718:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2006). 4218:(in Japanese). 20 October 2002 4059:"Kamikazes: The Soviet Legacy" 3329: 3302: 3289: 3269: 3249: 3226: 3152: 2806:. The mountain is also called 2587:Imperial Rescript on Education 2385: 2153:In the immediate aftermath of 1721:following action off Okinawa. 1668:case, by a dive bomber, not a 1635:appeared to suffer more damage 1575:shortly before being hit by a 1535: 1281:On 11 March, the U.S. carrier 950:Asked about the soul of Japan, 374:. She was a prototype for the 1: 6046:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 5952:Imperial General Headquarters 5543:Foreign commerce and shipping 5452:What motivated the Kamikazes? 5114:. California: Pacific Press. 5015:whatdoes1know (12 May 2007). 4877:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4668:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4560:10.1080/09555803.2015.1045540 4093:. Retrieved 3 September 2024. 4008:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3931:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3538:, pp. 176–86; Eric Bergerud, 3387:""I Shall Die with Pleasure"" 3257:Japan at War: An Oral History 3141: 1300:. On 20 March, the submarine 1276:United States Army Air Forces 1267:. The unit was equipped with 1054:The sinking of the ocean tug 967:Leyte Gulf: the first attacks 839: 637: 634:of Southeast Asia and Japan. 441: 157:Japanese Special Attack Units 6866:Guyana: Crime of the Century 6378:Hirohito surrender broadcast 5773:Greater East Asia Conference 4931:(Japanese), Kojinsha, p. 162 4642:International Herald Tribune 4487:Hallion, Richard P. (1999). 4420:For destroyed aircraft from 4389:For destroyed aircraft from 4355:"Hellish Prelude at Okinawa" 4035:(in Russian). Archived from 3722:"The first kamikaze attack?" 2329:Landing Ship Medium (Rocket) 2305:on 29 July 1945, off Okinawa 2109:which was also hit in May). 2040:—were so heavily damaged by 1484:pilots easy targets. The US 1127:By 26 October day's end, 55 1084:where they attacked several 958:Glowing in the morning sun. 585:Battle of the Philippine Sea 262:until death. In addition to 7: 5758:Supreme Court of Judicature 5078:. New York: Gallery Books. 4728:University of Chicago Press 4002:Sydney David Waters, 1956, 3346:Online Etymology Dictionary 3275:Meirion and Susie Harries, 3024: 2951:Ore wa, kimi no tameni koso 2482: 2259:. Bill Gordon, an American 1916:Tanker on a foreign vehicle 1249:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses 1031:of the 6th Flying Brigade, 597:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 513:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 425:or Japanese pronunciation) 399:shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai 128: 10: 7043: 6469:Second Philippine Republic 6242:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 5281:. New York: Random House. 4980:"Saigo no tokkôtai (1970)" 4946:Cambridge University Press 4526:Inoguchi, Rikihei (1958). 4004:The Royal New Zealand Navy 2676:shared ceremonial cups of 2638:bravery – there were even 2184:gun aboard the battleship 1968: 1117:and instead banked toward 923:If someone asks about the 891:Special Attack Force were 450:Lt. Yoshinori Yamaguchi's 436: 368:newspaper group was named 289: 131:Shinpū Tokubetsu Kōgekitai 18: 6882: 6857: 6825: 6800: 6760:Order of the Solar Temple 6700: 6693: 6577: 6550: 6492: 6446: 6403: 6396: 6350:Japan during World War II 6305:Pacification of Manchukuo 6275: 6205: 6197:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 6192:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 6130: 6123: 6074: 6061:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 6014: 5940: 5933: 5880: 5798: 5791: 5783:Imperial Japanese Airways 5690: 5637: 5602: 5591: 5495: 5384:. Naval Institute Press. 5361:Rielly, Robin L. (2010). 5184:O'Neill, Richard (1988). 5074:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3868:Kennedy, Maxwell Taylor: 3627:. Accessed 1 August 2007. 3552:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3480:"The San Francisco Story" 3295:Used as "Kamikaze no" in 2909:in English), directed by 2810:(meaning a mountain like 2783:ordinance that compelled 2593:" as well as protect the 2460:, editor-in-chief of the 2091:United States Fifth Fleet 956:Like wild cherry blossoms 937:that are fragrant in the 624:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 495:Naval Air Station Kaneohe 469:are extended and the non- 139: 86: 21:Kamikaze (disambiguation) 6977:1945 in military history 6972:1944 in military history 6898:Chitty Chitty Death Bang 6834:Jonestown: Paradise Lost 6325:Second Sino-Japanese War 6267:Racial Equality Proposal 5847:Agriculture and Commerce 5405:Pen & Sword Maritime 5157:Millot, Bernard (1971). 4929:Saikyo Sentoki Shidenkai 3720:Nichols, Robert (2004). 3161:A Dictionary of Aviation 3159:Wragg, David W. (1973). 3146: 2585:sentiment. In 1890, the 1714:damage to the destroyer 1691:after being struck by a 1383:Allied defensive tactics 1259:) at Narimasu Airfield, 542:Solomon Islands campaign 477:Before the formation of 6237:Washington Naval Treaty 6182:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 6167:First Sino-Japanese War 5986:Nuclear weapons program 5728:Great Japan Youth Party 5655:National seals of Japan 5313:Zaloga, Steven (2011). 5129:Hoyt, Edwin P. (1993). 4333:"Pre-Okinawa Kamikazes" 3777:"Japanese Ki-9 biplane" 3686:11 January 2009 at the 3360:Jenkins, David (1992). 2859: 2852:refused to engage in a 2353:high-speed minesweepers 2275:three escort carriers: 2113:commander Vice Admiral 2111:Fast Carrier Task Force 1985:strikes, 15 August 1945 1775:who commented: "When a 1750:was again damaged by a 1559:Battle of Lingayen Gulf 1486:Fast Carrier Task Force 1338:rocket-powered aircraft 1265:Tokyo Metropolitan Area 755:-class aircraft carrier 397:were officially called 183:, intending to destroy 6992:Imperial Japanese Navy 6905:The Field Where I Died 6315:Motherland controversy 6285:Shōwa financial crisis 6077:Imperial Japanese Navy 6017:Imperial Japanese Army 5748:Peace Preservation Law 5380:Stern, Robert (2010). 4318:25 August 2003 at the 3908:2 January 2013 at the 3878:Pilot who Crippled Her 3309:Axell, Albert (2002). 3187:Zaloga, Steve (2011). 2981:novel of the same name 2907:Father of the Kamikaze 2757: 2618: 2519: 2501: 2480: 2437: 2410: 2249: 2201: 2151: 1986: 1901: 1794:attacks. For example, 1754:, as were the carrier 1726: 1704: 1580: 1562: 1477: 1425:" to establish Allied 1406: 1102:but were destroyed by 1005: 983: 961: 943: 865: 848:26 May 1945. Corporal 791:Island, beginning the 729: 688:for suicide missions. 658: 568: 487:attack on Pearl Harbor 474: 395:Imperial Japanese Navy 312: 309:invading Mongol fleets 33: 7002:Japan in World War II 6227:Siberian Intervention 6036:Railways and Shipping 5852:Commerce and Industry 5548:Industrial production 5340:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5234:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5070:Brown, David (1990). 5055:. New York: Longman. 4810:Axell, pp. 38, 41, 43 4238:"神州不滅特別攻撃隊之碑（世田谷観音寺）" 3927:25 March 2017 at the 3814:on 28 September 2006. 3802:Bill Coombes (1995). 3623:13 April 2020 at the 2739: 2616: 2514: 2486: 2472: 2432: 2393: 2380:Landing Craft Support 2229: 2179: 2146: 2133:was also struck by a 1976: 1889: 1710: 1683: 1643:British Pacific Fleet 1568: 1543: 1475: 1455:British Pacific Fleet 1390: 1330:refined Ohta's idea. 989: 974: 947: 921: 847: 724: 645: 562: 449: 299: 286:Definition and origin 239:Japanese home islands 155:, were a part of the 31: 6987:Battle of Leyte Gulf 6891:El cerco de Numancia 6645:Political dissidence 6494:Occupied territories 6232:General Election Law 6056:Taiwan Army of Japan 5407:. pp. 143–154. 4959:Zero-sen Gekitsui-Oh 4674:. 25 September 2004. 3952:on 27 September 2011 3427:Axell, pp. 34, 40–41 3312:Japan's Suicide Gods 3116:September 11 attacks 2722:military decorations 2310:high-speed transport 2231:Approximately 2,800 2056:lost 78 planes, and 1852:was sunk during the 1459:Supermarine Seafires 1448:delayed-action bombs 1172:Main wave of attacks 1074:Battle of Leyte Gulf 793:Battle of Leyte Gulf 703:Takeshi Kosai and a 544:(1942–1945) and the 19:For other uses, see 6708:1906 Badung puputan 6464:Wang Jingwei regime 6374:Potsdam Declaration 6365:Soviet–Japanese War 6320:Anti-Comintern Pact 6310:January 28 incident 6295:London Naval Treaty 6172:Triple Intervention 6001:Supreme War Council 5885:deliberative bodies 4916:Shidenkai No Rokuki 4264:Mainichi Daily News 3349:. 11 December 2015. 3126:Sonderkommando Elbe 3121:Shinpūren rebellion 3005:franchise, follows 2814:but located in the 2569:invented the term " 2567:US military leaders 2561:Cultural background 2323:Landing Ship Medium 2263:who specializes in 2095:Raymond A. Spruance 1845:Soviet–Japanese War 1761:and the battleship 1583:The peak period of 1577:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 1497:20 mm Oerlikon 1465:attacks during the 1298:Operation Tan No. 2 1150:(which had taken a 1082:Hiroyoshi Nishizawa 801:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 665:, in charge of the 573:Grumman F6F Hellcat 567:attack (early 1945) 546:New Guinea campaign 383:tokubetsu kōgekitai 274:(human torpedoes), 231:industrial capacity 98:[kamiꜜkaze] 6883:In popular culture 6743:Nazi Germany, 1945 6187:Russo-Japanese War 6157:Two Lords Incident 5812:Imperial Household 5110:King, Dan (2012). 4961:Kyo-no-wadai-sha. 4862:on 1 October 2007. 4699:. 7 September 2009 4618:. 11 February 2006 4616:The New York Times 4039:on 13 January 2020 2997:Gojira Mainasu Wan 2992:Godzilla Minus One 2979:based on the 2006 2928:Masami Takahashi, 2758: 2619: 2522:Irokawa Daikichi, 2411: 2362:-class minesweeper 2317:Landing Ship, Tank 2202: 2093:commander Admiral 2073:and were the only 2069:also both had the 1987: 1902: 1727: 1705: 1664:were both hit (in 1581: 1563: 1478: 1453:Late in 1944, the 1431:combat air patrols 1407: 1006: 984: 919:. The poem reads: 866: 834:Mabalacat Airfield 818:("Betty") and two 730: 659: 593:combat air patrols 577:Vought F4U Corsair 569: 552:(August 1942) and 475: 361:in 1274 and 1281. 341:poetry modifying " 315:The Japanese word 313: 292:Kamikaze (typhoon) 34: 7007:Japanese aviators 6944: 6943: 6821: 6820: 6653: 6652: 6625:Socialist thought 6573: 6572: 6512:Dutch East Indies 6474:Empire of Vietnam 6392: 6391: 6162:Satsuma Rebellion 6142:Meiji Restoration 6119: 6118: 5929: 5928: 5867:Greater East Asia 5753:Political parties 5708:Foreign relations 5454:on WW2History.com 5131:The Last Kamikaze 4957:Iwamoto Tetsuzō, 4873:Los Angeles Times 4672:Los Angeles Times 4181:The Last Kamikaze 4103:Bunker Hill CV-17 3990:Aircraft Carriers 3755:San Jose, Mindoro 3732:on 2 October 2009 3690:, Vol. XXVI No, 1 3400:978-94-6298-259-8 3101:Leonidas Squadron 2955:For Those We Love 2870:The Last Kamikaze 2866:Saigo no Tokkōtai 2820:Kikaishima Island 2716:. Pilots carried 2696:would wear their 2653:that an American 2573:" as part of the 2540:Waseda University 2194:aircraft dive at 1944:invaded Manchuria 1854:Battle of Shumshu 1697:Sakishima Islands 1684:Aircraft carrier 1589:Battle of Okinawa 1561:, 6 January 1945. 1506:5"/38 caliber gun 1501:40 mm Bofors 1467:Iwo Jima landings 1439:destroyer escorts 1257:Shinten Seiku Tai 1245:strategic bombing 1204:, 6 January 1945. 1193:is attacked by a 1010:invasion of Leyte 982:, 25 October 1944 527:executive officer 515:the US flagship, 161:military aviators 7034: 6718:Dance of Zalongo 6698: 6697: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6657: 6656: 6615:Shinmin no Michi 6605:Internment camps 6517:French Indochina 6401: 6400: 6247:Taishō Democracy 6128: 6127: 6051:Japanese holdout 5938: 5937: 5862:Colonial Affairs 5796: 5795: 5723:Yokusan Sonendan 5629: 5621: 5613: 5597: 5596: 5523:Economic history 5482: 5475: 5468: 5459: 5458: 5436:Kamikaze Diaries 5418: 5395: 5376: 5357: 5328: 5309: 5290: 5268: 5217:Peattie, Mark R. 5199: 5180: 5153: 5144: 5125: 5106: 5089: 5077: 5066: 5039: 5038: 5032: 5024: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4986:. 20 April 2009. 4976: 4970: 4955: 4949: 4938: 4932: 4925: 4919: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4886: 4880: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4831: 4820: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4765: 4759: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4725: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4689: 4676: 4675: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4581: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4404: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4329: 4323: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4266:. 24 August 2022 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4190: 4184: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4161:. 4 October 2016 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4029: 4023: 4022: 4015: 4009: 3999: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3938: 3932: 3919: 3913: 3897: 3888: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3825: 3816: 3815: 3810:. Archived from 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3779:. Archived from 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3717: 3704: 3697: 3691: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3615: 3609: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3581:Axell, pp. 40–41 3579: 3573: 3572: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3532: 3526: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3306: 3300: 3293: 3287: 3273: 3267: 3253: 3247: 3230: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3194: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3156: 3131:Suicide by pilot 3055: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3034: 2977:Takashi Yamazaki 2972:The Eternal Zero 2932:(Watertown, MA: 2911:Kōsaku Yamashita 2903:Ā Kessen Kōkūtai 2816:Satsuma Province 2575:Shinto Directive 2526: 2499: 2498:pilots' manual, 2428:Shigeru Fukudome 2424:Takijiro Ohnishi 2415:Motoharu Okamura 2409:("idiot bombs"). 2368:submarine chaser 2180:A crewman in an 2125:on his flagship 2052:lost 59 planes, 1824:-class destroyer 1796:Mitsubishi Ki-67 1744:Grumman Avengers 1552:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1423:big blue blanket 1263:, to defend the 1215: 1195:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1184: 1037:Emile Dechaineux 1029:Mitsubishi Ki-51 917:Motoori Norinaga 701:First Lieutenant 663:Motoharu Okamura 656: 550:Eastern Solomons 503:Battle of Midway 491:First Lieutenant 376:Mitsubishi Ki-15 278:speedboats, and 177:Pacific campaign 154: 152: 149: 146: 142: 141: 135: 125: 123: 120: 114: 110: 107: 104: 100: 95: 91: 90: 53: 44: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7017:Suicide attacks 6947: 6946: 6945: 6940: 6935:Inspector Rishi 6878: 6853: 6817: 6796: 6689: 6684: 6654: 6649: 6635:Yasukuni Shrine 6569: 6546: 6488: 6442: 6388: 6340:Tripartite Pact 6335:Rape of Nanking 6271: 6257:Tapani incident 6201: 6177:Boxer Rebellion 6135: 6115: 6079: 6070: 6019: 6010: 5945: 5925: 5919:Representatives 5887: 5884: 5883:Legislative and 5876: 5842:Foreign Affairs 5805: 5802: 5787: 5686: 5665:Government Seal 5650:Rising Sun Flag 5633: 5627: 5619: 5611: 5598: 5589: 5491: 5489:Empire of Japan 5486: 5429:Kamikaze Images 5425: 5415: 5392: 5373: 5354: 5335: 5333:Further reading 5325: 5306: 5265: 5257:. NAL Caliber. 5204:Shattered Sword 5196: 5169: 5150:The Divine Wind 5141: 5122: 5086: 5063: 5047: 5042: 5026: 5025: 5013: 5009: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4956: 4952: 4939: 4935: 4926: 4922: 4914:Ikari Yoshiro, 4913: 4909: 4901:Watanabe Yoji, 4900: 4896: 4888:Henry Sakaida, 4887: 4883: 4871: 4867: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4832: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4758:Ohnuki-Tierney 4757: 4753: 4742: 4716: 4712: 4702: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4679: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4593: 4592: 4583: 4582: 4570: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4528:The Divine Wind 4524: 4520: 4515: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4320:Wayback Machine 4307: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4236: 4235: 4231: 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3372: 3358: 3354: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3290: 3274: 3270: 3254: 3250: 3231: 3227: 3219:David Powers, " 3218: 3214: 3207: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3039:Aviation portal 3037: 3032: 3030: 3027: 2943:(Harriman, NY: 2941:Wings of Defeat 2939:Risa Morimoto, 2901:in 1974 called 2899:Takijirō Ōnishi 2862: 2850:Tetsuzō Iwamoto 2595:Imperial family 2563: 2528: 2521: 2500: 2494:Excerpt from a 2493: 2485: 2463:Yomiuri Shimbun 2458:Tsuneo Watanabe 2396:Yokosuka MXY-7 2388: 2223:According to a 1971: 1550:is struck by a 1538: 1526:proximity fuzes 1385: 1354:Nakajima Ki-115 1332:Yokosuka MXY-7 1231: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1216: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1185: 1174: 1086:escort carriers 969: 960: 957: 955: 953: 951: 905:Unit Yamazakura 893:Unit Shikishima 842: 830:Takijirō Ōnishi 812:torpedo bombers 654: 640: 444: 439: 349:that dispersed 294: 288: 169:Empire of Japan 165:suicide attacks 150: 147: 144: 136: 121: 115: 112: 108: 105: 102: 93: 83: 76: 75: 74: 73: 56: 55: 54: 46: 45: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7040: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6997:Japan campaign 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6931: 6924: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6869: 6861: 6859: 6858:Dramatizations 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6844: 6837: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6782:Peoples Temple 6779: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6704: 6702: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6683: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6660: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6554: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6479:State of Burma 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6407: 6405: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6381: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6300:Musha Incident 6297: 6292: 6290:Jinan incident 6287: 6281: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6222: 6211: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6147:Beipu uprising 6144: 6138: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6111:Treaty Faction 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6080: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6041:Imperial Guard 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5959: 5948: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5890: 5888: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5808: 5806: 5801:Administration 5799: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5652: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5485: 5484: 5477: 5470: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5431: 5424: 5423:External links 5421: 5420: 5419: 5414:978-1848842830 5413: 5396: 5391:978-1591142676 5390: 5377: 5372:978-0786446544 5371: 5358: 5353:978-0226620916 5352: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5329: 5324:978-1849083539 5323: 5310: 5304: 5291: 5269: 5263: 5248: 5246:978-0226619507 5231: 5229:978-1591146643 5214: 5212:978-1574889239 5200: 5195:978-4876022045 5194: 5186:Suicide Squads 5181: 5167: 5154: 5145: 5139: 5126: 5121:978-1468178807 5120: 5107: 5095:Air Enthusiast 5090: 5085:978-0831726713 5084: 5067: 5061: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5007: 5004:. 1 June 2007. 4989: 4971: 4950: 4933: 4920: 4907: 4894: 4881: 4865: 4841: 4821: 4812: 4803: 4794: 4781:978-0226620923 4780: 4760: 4751: 4741:978-0226619507 4740: 4710: 4677: 4659: 4648:on 11 May 2006 4629: 4603: 4594:|journal= 4569:978-1138677296 4568: 4542: 4533: 4518: 4506: 4479: 4470: 4448: 4426: 4399: 4368: 4346: 4324: 4313:Summary Report 4298: 4277: 4251: 4229: 4207: 4185: 4172: 4150: 4129: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4050: 4024: 4010: 3994: 3981: 3963: 3946:Patriots Point 3933: 3914: 3889: 3886:978-0743260800 3861: 3850:. navweaps.com 3838: 3817: 3794: 3768: 3766:Toland, p. 567 3759: 3743: 3705: 3692: 3667: 3654: 3638: 3629: 3610: 3592: 3590:Toland, p. 568 3583: 3574: 3556: 3544: 3527: 3525:, pp. 416–430. 3514: 3493: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3429: 3420: 3399: 3377: 3370: 3352: 3328: 3322:978-0582772328 3321: 3301: 3288: 3268: 3248: 3225: 3212: 3206:978-1849083539 3205: 3176: 3169: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3136:Suicide weapon 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3061:Aerial ramming 3057: 3056: 3042: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3021: 2988: 2968: 2958: 2948: 2937: 2926: 2914: 2892: 2890:Shinichi Chiba 2876:, directed by 2861: 2858: 2808:"Satsuma Fuji" 2750:Nakajima Ki-43 2746:Toshio Anazawa 2562: 2559: 2531:ready to die. 2513: 2491: 2484: 2481: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2333:one auxiliary 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2306: 2296: 2225:U.S. Air Force 1970: 1967: 1807:Kawasaki Ki-45 1605:merchant ships 1537: 1534: 1397:escort carrier 1384: 1381: 1310:Purpose-built 1269:Nakajima Ki-44 1255:Special Unit ( 1217: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1186: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1067:Mitsubishi G4M 968: 965: 948: 841: 838: 816:Mitsubishi G4M 748:Mitsubishi G4M 740:11th Air Fleet 736:Masafumi Arima 727:Masafumi Arima 639: 636: 523:Mitsubishi G4M 443: 440: 438: 435: 347:major typhoons 290:Main article: 287: 284: 270:(submarines), 67:Seizō Yasunori 58: 57: 48: 47: 39: 38: 37: 36: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7039: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6967:1945 in Japan 6965: 6963: 6962:1944 in Japan 6960: 6958: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6920:Stargate SG-1 6916: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826:Documentaries 6824: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6723:Heaven's Gate 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6713:Burari deaths 6711: 6709: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6681: 6676: 6674: 6669: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6590:Fukoku kyōhei 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447:Puppet states 6445: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6106:Fleet Faction 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6086:General Staff 6084: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6026:General Staff 6024: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6013: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5979:military code 5978: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5909:Imperial Diet 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5899:Privy Council 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5817:Home Ministry 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5797: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5660:Imperial Seal 5658: 5657: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Flag of Japan 5643: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5616: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5469: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5434:Excerpt from 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5416: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365:. McFarland. 5364: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5161:. Macdonald. 5160: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5097:(81): 28–35. 5096: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5036: 5030: 5022: 5018: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4890:Genda's Blade 4885: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4837: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4764: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4714: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4673: 4669: 4663: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4599: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4537: 4529: 4522: 4513: 4511: 4495:on 5 May 2009 4494: 4490: 4483: 4474: 4458: 4452: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4409: 4403: 4396: 4392: 4378: 4372: 4356: 4350: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4287: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4240:(in Japanese) 4239: 4233: 4217: 4211: 4196:(in Japanese) 4195: 4189: 4182: 4176: 4160: 4154: 4139: 4133: 4117: 4111: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4081:, p. 292 4080: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4007: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3894: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3849: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3822: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3763: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3702: 3699:Ivan Morris, 3696: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3661:Ivan Morris, 3658: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3633: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3524: 3518: 3503: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3474: 3465: 3459:Axell, p. 44. 3456: 3440: 3433: 3424: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3332: 3324: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3305: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3233:John W. Dower 3229: 3222: 3216: 3208: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3181: 3172: 3170:9780850451634 3166: 3162: 3155: 3151: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3106:Human torpedo 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3066:Banzai charge 3064: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3043: 3040: 3029: 3019: 3018:postwar Japan 3015: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2985:Naoki Hyakuta 2982: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2945:New Day Films 2942: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2880:and starring 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2766:peer pressure 2763: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2701: 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2092: 2088: 2085:The Japanese 2083: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1966: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1930:Vice Admiral 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1773: 1772:Indefatigable 1767: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1618: 1615:were sunk by 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1542: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518:anti-aircraft 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 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Praeger. 4746:Extract at 4730:. pp. 4622:15 February 4499:21 December 4477:Willmott, . 4391:Bunker Hill 3872:Bunker Hill 3854:25 February 3646:Ivan Morris 3600:John Toland 3484:Proceedings 3239:pp. 1, 216 2957:in English) 2918:The Cockpit 2640:fairy tales 2583:nationalist 2386:Recruitment 2286:Ommaney Bay 2171:Bunker Hill 2127:Bunker Hill 2067:Bunker Hill 2054:Bunker Hill 2032:Bunker Hill 1995:Bunker Hill 1893:Bunker Hill 1843:during the 1658:Bunker Hill 1653:Bunker Hill 1609:battleships 1536:Final phase 1415:Thach Weave 1161:Kalinin Bay 1099:Fanshaw Bay 993:horizontal 952:I would say 897:Unit Yamato 850:Yukio Araki 770:propagandas 628:Philippines 467:dive brakes 454:3 (Type 33 419:kun-reading 359:Kublai Khan 305:Kublai Khan 106:divine wind 71:Bunker Hill 6951:Categories 6928:Umi Yukaba 6384:Occupation 6207:Taishō era 6152:Boshin War 5996:War crimes 5792:Government 5768:Tonarigumi 5675:Privy Seal 5670:State Seal 5628:(Hirohito) 5553:Militarism 5508:Censorship 5317:. Osprey. 5305:0756605210 5264:0451214870 5236:. (2006). 5168:0356038564 5140:0275940675 5062:058277232X 4967:487565121X 4395:Enterprise 3445:18 January 3371:0091826381 3285:0394569350 3265:1565840143 3245:039450030X 3142:References 2905:(あゝ決戦航空隊, 2878:Junya Sato 2822:, east of 2812:Mount Fuji 2733:missions. 2704:death poem 2699:senninbari 2407:Baka Bombs 2190:watches a 2187:New Jersey 2163:Formidable 2131:Enterprise 2106:New Mexico 2079:Enterprise 2058:Enterprise 2037:Enterprise 1758:Victorious 1748:Formidable 1734:Formidable 1688:Formidable 1666:Franklin's 1597:destroyers 1547:Louisville 1435:destroyers 1411:John Thach 1166:Kitkun Bay 1092:Kitkun Bay 1018:HMAS 1001:Kitkun Bay 995:stabilizer 954:That it is 935:yamazakura 931:Shikishima 909:death poem 901:Unit Asahi 877:Yukio Seki 840:First unit 638:Beginnings 591:-directed 554:Santa Cruz 442:Background 415:characters 407:on-reading 378:("Babs"). 94:pronounced 65:, 22, and 6585:Sonnō jōi 6537:Singapore 6522:Hong Kong 6484:Azad Hind 6459:Mengjiang 6454:Manchukuo 6428:Kantō-shū 6370:Surrender 6277:Shōwa era 6262:Truku War 6133:Meiji era 6101:Tokkeitai 6066:Kempeitai 5977:Senjinkun 5894:Daijō-kan 5857:Munitions 5738:Mokusatsu 5528:Education 5219:(2001). 5103:0143-5450 4855:The Hindu 4596:ignored ( 4586:cite book 4578:216150961 4463:30 August 4441:30 August 4414:30 August 4383:30 August 4361:30 August 4339:30 August 4291:7 October 4270:8 October 4244:7 October 4222:7 October 4216:"神州不滅特攻隊" 4200:7 October 4165:7 October 4143:7 October 4122:7 October 4079:オネール 1988 4064:7 October 4043:7 October 3808:rwebs.net 3736:15 August 3542:, p. 668. 3534:Peattie, 3507:30 August 3297:Man'yōshū 3076:Hachimaki 2868:(最後の特攻隊, 2655:submarine 2470:attacks: 2394:Japanese 2302:Callaghan 2300:USS 2291:USS 2284:USS 2277:USS 2265:kamikazes 2257:kamikazes 2245:Kamikazes 2241:Kamikazes 2227:webpage: 2214:kamikazes 2142:kamikazes 2123:kamikazes 2087:kamikazes 2048:the war. 2004:kamikazes 1956:broadcast 1921:kamikazes 1907:kamikazes 1898:kamikazes 1891:USS 1881:kamikazes 1877:kamikazes 1872:kamikazes 1868:Kamikazes 1836:biplane. 1829:Callaghan 1827:USS 1816:Dickerson 1814:USS 1783:. When a 1770:HMS 1763:HMS 1756:HMS 1732:HMS 1716:USS 1686:HMS 1651:USS 1621:USS 1570:USS 1545:USS 1532:attacks. 1419:kamikazes 1400:USS 1369:kamikazes 1312:kamikazes 1304:Devilfish 1302:USS 1283:USS 1235:USS 1188:USS 1133:USS 1129:kamikazes 1119:USS 1108:USS 1097:USS 1090:USS 1056:USS 1025:Aichi D3A 1020:Australia 999:USS 991:Starboard 980:kamikazes 869:Commander 862:Kagoshima 810:("Jill") 784:attack. 759:USS 713:USS 632:oilfields 610:USS 460:USS 264:kamikazes 254:code was 223:kamikazes 211:torpedoes 207:tai-atari 195:attacks. 163:who flew 6957:Kamikaze 6918:"Seth" ( 6801:Disputed 6792:Numantia 6755:Odaeyang 6738:Kamikaze 6563:Yen bloc 6551:Ideology 6542:Thailand 6411:Karafuto 6404:Colonies 5991:Kamikaze 5934:Military 5837:Treasury 5691:Policies 5682:Kimigayo 5603:Emperors 5570:Politics 5538:Eugenics 5496:Overview 5342:(2002). 5275:(1970). 5029:cite web 4652:11 March 4422:Franklin 4316:Archived 3988:Polmar, 3925:Archived 3906:Archived 3876:Kamikaze 3874:and the 3684:Archived 3680:The East 3621:Archived 3536:Sunburst 3339:Kamikaze 3025:See also 3014:Godzilla 3010:deserter 3007:kamikaze 3002:Godzilla 2923:kamikaze 2854:kamikaze 2842:kamikaze 2830:Kamikaze 2800:kamikaze 2789:kamikaze 2771:kamikaze 2762:kamikaze 2754:Hayabusa 2742:kamikaze 2731:kamikaze 2726:kamikaze 2694:kamikaze 2686:kamikaze 2682:kamikaze 2674:kamikaze 2670:kamikaze 2663:kamikaze 2659:Yasukuni 2644:kamikaze 2636:kamikaze 2632:kamikaze 2623:kamikaze 2607:Yasukuni 2555:hissatsu 2551:tokkōtai 2536:tokkōtai 2507:months. 2504:Tokkōtai 2496:kamikaze 2492:— 2483:Training 2468:kamikaze 2454:kamikaze 2442:kamikaze 2420:kamikaze 2403:kamikaze 2374:PT boats 2269:kamikaze 2233:Kamikaze 2206:kamikaze 2197:Intrepid 2192:kamikaze 2155:kamikaze 2135:kamikaze 2063:Franklin 2050:Franklin 2042:kamikaze 2028:Franklin 2024:Franklin 2019:Kamikaze 2015:kamikaze 2011:kamikaze 1999:kamikaze 1991:kamikaze 1983:kamikaze 1963:kamikaze 1948:kamikaze 1936:kamikaze 1925:kamikaze 1911:kamikaze 1862:kamikaze 1858:kamikaze 1841:Red Army 1822:Fletcher 1803:kamikaze 1792:kamikaze 1785:kamikaze 1777:kamikaze 1752:kamikaze 1739:kamikaze 1712:Kamikaze 1701:kamikaze 1695:off the 1693:kamikaze 1674:kamikaze 1670:kamikaze 1662:Franklin 1647:kamikaze 1639:kamikaze 1628:kamikaze 1617:kamikaze 1613:cruisers 1593:kamikaze 1585:kamikaze 1572:Missouri 1555:kamikaze 1530:kamikaze 1510:kamikaze 1493:kamikaze 1482:kamikaze 1463:kamikaze 1393:A6M Zero 1348:Bombs" ( 1342:kamikaze 1328:Yokosuka 1294:kamikaze 1285:Randolph 1224:Columbia 1220:kamikaze 1198:kamikaze 1190:Columbia 1152:kamikaze 1147:Suwannee 1135:Sangamon 1078:Kamikaze 1063:kamikaze 1049:kamikaze 1014:kamikaze 889:Kamikaze 881:kamikaze 782:kamikaze 766:Franklin 761:Franklin 744:kamikaze 705:sergeant 693:kamikaze 675:kamikaze 669:Base in 667:Tateyama 661:Captain 648:kamikaze 565:kamikaze 531:kamikaze 499:Taiatari 479:kamikaze 431:kamikaze 427:kamikaze 423:kun'yomi 391:tokkōtai 371:Kamikaze 318:kamikaze 301:Kamikaze 282:divers. 235:kamikaze 219:kamikaze 215:kamikaze 203:missiles 199:Kamikaze 193:kamikaze 189:kamikaze 185:warships 171:against 167:for the 80:Kamikaze 6787:Pilėnai 6124:History 6096:Marines 5733:Kokutai 5638:Symbols 5618:Taishō 5575:Statism 5518:Economy 5177:8142990 4948:, p. 34 4703:30 July 3956:22 June 3787:12 June 3726:Wartime 3554:: 9, 12 3414:8 April 3341:origin" 3279:p. 413 3259:p. 264 2953:(2007, 2947:, 2007) 2936:, 2008) 2785:Koreans 2718:prayers 2713:seppuku 2708:samurai 2651:torpedo 2599:Emperor 2489:skills. 2476:emperor 1969:Effects 1952:Emperor 1723:Newcomb 1718:Newcomb 1557:at the 1373:Tsurugi 1357:Tsurugi 1324:Kugisho 1253:Shinten 612:Indiana 605:Chiyoda 437:History 417:as the 411:on'yomi 405:is the 280:Fukuryu 256:loyalty 251:Bushido 246:samurai 140:神風特別攻撃隊 6912:Masada 6808:Masada 6748:Demmin 6733:Jauhar 6527:Malaya 6502:Borneo 6438:Taiwan 6433:Nan'yō 6423:Chōsen 6416:naichi 5626:Shōwa 5610:Meiji 5585:Kazoku 5533:System 5411: 5388: 5369: 5350: 5321: 5302: 5287:105915 5285: 5261: 5244: 5227: 5210: 5192: 5175: 5165: 5137: 5118: 5101: 5082: 5059: 4965: 4787:2 June 4778: 4738: 4576: 4566: 4179:Hoyt, 3884: 3608:p. 568 3407: 3397: 3368: 3319: 3283: 3263: 3243: 3203: 3167: 2995:(ゴジラ, 2793:Chiran 2752:-IIIa 2744:pilot 2724:. 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