Kamikaze - Knowledge

1552: 1193: 1224: 308: 1399: 654: 2625: 62: 53: 2748: 1289:(USAAF) B-29s approaching Japan. Targeting the aircraft proved to be much less successful and practical than attacks against warships, as the bombers made for much faster, more maneuverable, and smaller targets. The B-29 also had formidable defensive weaponry, so suicide attacks against B-29s demanded considerable piloting skill to be successful, which worked against the very purpose of using expendable pilots. Even encouraging capable pilots to bail out before impact was ineffective because vital personnel were often lost when they mistimed their exits and were killed as a result. 1898: 1692: 2188: 1484: 2402: 1985: 856: 5606: 1719: 2013:

were scarce, the temporary absence of key warships from the combat zone would tie up operational initiatives. By 1945, however, the US Navy was large enough that damaged ships could be detached back home for repair without significantly hampering the fleet's operational capability. The only US surface losses were escort carriers, destroyers, and smaller ships, all of which lacked the armor protection or capability to sustain heavy damage. Overall, the

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escort carriers. However, no ship larger than an escort carrier was sunk. Approximately 45 ships were sunk, the bulk of which were destroyers. To the United States, the losses were of such concern that more than 2,000 B-29 sorties were diverted from attacking Japanese cities and industries to striking Kamikaze air fields in Kyushu.

847:(known to the US military as Clark Air Base) near Manila, Onishi told officers of the 201st Flying Group headquarters: "I don't think there would be any other certain way to carry out the operation than to put a 250 kg bomb on a Zero and let it crash into a US carrier, in order to disable her for a week." 2556:

The manual was very detailed in how a pilot should attack. A pilot would dive towards his target and "aim for a point between the bridge tower and the smokestacks". Entering a smokestack was also said to be "effective". Pilots were told not to aim at a carrier's bridge tower but instead to target the

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Daikichi Irokawa, who trained at Tsuchiura Naval Air Base, recalled that he "was struck on the face so hard and frequently that face was no longer recognizable". He also wrote: "I was hit so hard that I could no longer see and fell on the floor. The minute I got up, I was hit again by a club so that

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However, an evidence-based study of 2,000 pilots' uncensored letters revealed that the pilots candidly expressed myriad emotions in private. Typically, they declared their determination to die to protect the homeland and thanked their school teachers, parents, siblings, and friends for their selfless

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In our present situation, I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our aircraft. There is no other way. There will be more than enough volunteers for this chance to save our country, and I would like to command such an operation. Provide

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According to the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, from October 1944 until the end of the war, 2,550 Kamikaze missions were flown with only 475 (or 18.6%) achieving a hit or a damaging near miss. Warships of all types were damaged including 12 aircraft carriers, 15 battleships, and 16 light and

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quoted Lieutenant Sekio Nishina: "The spirit of the Special Attack Corps is the great spirit that runs in the blood of every Japanese ... The crashing action which simultaneously kills the enemy and oneself without fail is called the Special Attack ... Every Japanese is capable of becoming a member

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This is my second experience with a suicide plane making a hit on board my own ship, and I have seen four other ships hit near me. The suicide plane is a very effective weapon, which we must not underestimate. I do not believe anyone who has not been around within its area of operations can realize

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in 1945. Between 9 August and 2 September 1945, several airstrikes involving kamikaze pilots were recorded. On 18 August, a Japanese Ki-45 flown by Lieutenant Yoshira Tsiohara attacked a tanker in the port of Vladivostok. The plane was shot down and the pilot was killed. He was found to have orders

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pilot training, as described by Takeo Kasuga, generally "consisted of incredibly strenuous training, coupled with cruel and torturous corporal punishment as a daily routine". The training, in theory, lasted for thirty days, but because of American raids and shortage of fuel it could last up to two

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For the Japanese this was not much different than sinking them, operationally speaking. For each of the heavily damaged aircraft carriers dozens of aircraft were destroyed that would have been impossible to be shot down by any Japanese forces via dogfights or anti-aircraft weapons at this stage of

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pilots and the IJAAF 1,387 – without successfully sinking any fleet carriers, cruisers, or battleships. This was far more than the IJN had lost in 1942 when it sank or crippled three US fleet carriers (albeit without inflicting significant casualties). In 1942, when US Navy vessels

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in the Tao'an area. The personnel were unharmed, as they managed to evade the raid. On 19 August, nine aircraft raided the tanks of the 21st Guards Tank Brigade. Seven were shot down, but two planes broke through; one tank was destroyed and the other damaged. About the raid, the author of the book

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On 17 August, the Kwantung Army command ordered its units to surrender, but some of the pilots disobeyed and the Japanese air attacks continued. On 18 August, convoys of the 20th and 21st Armored Brigade were attacked. The kamikazes traded six of their aircraft for a tank and a couple of cars. The

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The attacks began in October 1944, at a time when the war was looking increasingly bleak for the Japanese. They had lost several important battles, many of their best pilots had been killed, their aircraft were becoming outdated, and they had lost command of the air. Japan was losing pilots faster

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pilots believed their death would pay the debt they owed and show the love they had for their families, friends, and emperor. "So eager were many minimally trained pilots to take part in suicide missions that when their sorties were delayed or aborted, the pilots became deeply despondent. Many of

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units, pilots had made deliberate crashes as a last resort when their aircraft had suffered severe damage and they did not want to risk being captured or wanted to do as much damage to the enemy as possible, since they were crashing anyway. Such situations occurred in both the Axis and Allied air

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Pilots were given a manual that detailed how they were supposed to think, prepare, and attack. From this manual, pilots were told to "attain a high level of spiritual training", and to "keep health in the very best condition". These instructions, among others, were meant to make pilots mentally

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was hit by gunfire, it managed to drop a bomb that detonated on the flight deck, making a crater 3 m (10 ft) long, 0.6 m (2 ft) wide and 0.6 m (2 ft) deep. A long steel splinter speared down through the hangar deck and the main boiler room (where it ruptured a steam

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hits on five British carriers resulted in only 20 deaths while a combined total of 15 bomb hits, most of 500 kg (1,100 lb) weight or greater, and one torpedo hit on four carriers caused 193 fatal casualties earlier in the war—striking proof of the protective value of the armored flight

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When the volunteers arrived for duty in the corps, there were twice as many persons as aircraft available. "After the war, some commanders would express regret for allowing superfluous crews to accompany sorties, sometimes squeezing themselves aboard bombers and fighters so as to encourage the

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lost 25 planes in the Japanese attacks that ended the war for them. There were more lost planes on these three carriers alone (not including the numerous other successful strikes on other Allied carriers during the Battle of Okinawa) than the United States lost in the entire Battle of Midway.

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was mothballed soon after World War II despite all three of them receiving repairs back in the United States. Numerous other larger-than-destroyer warships were so heavily damaged that they also were knocked out for the rest of the war and decommissioned shortly after World War II.

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On 19 August 1945, 11 young officers under Second Lieutenant Hitoshi Imada, attached to the 675th Manchuria Detachment, accompanied by two women of their engagement, left the Daikosan airfield and made a final aerial suicide attack against one of the Soviet armored units that had

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pilots who were unable to complete their missions (because of mechanical failure, interception, etc.) were stigmatized in the years following the war. This stigma began to diminish some 50 years after the war as scholars and publishers began to distribute the survivors' stories.

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D. Loza recalls six Japanese aircraft attacked the convoy, which damaged one Sherman tank and destroyed a medical vehicle. Japanese commanders ordered weapons depots to be secured and the propellers of aircraft on airfields to be removed to stop these sorties. Supposedly, the

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interception and improved coordination between fighter direction officers on carriers. This plan also called for around-the-clock fighter patrols over Allied fleets. A final element included intensive fighter sweeps over Japanese airfields, and bombing Japanese runways, using

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When you eliminate all thoughts about life and death, you will be able to totally disregard your earthly life. This will also enable you to concentrate your attention on eradicating the enemy with unwavering determination, meanwhile reinforcing your excellence in flight

551:(IJNAS), such that they could no longer put together a large number of fleet carriers with well-trained aircrews. Japanese planners had assumed a quick war and lacked comprehensive programs to replace the losses of ships, pilots, and sailors. The Battle of Midway, the 2032:

raids often included escort fighters and conventional bombers piloted by skilled aviators who were not intended to execute suicide strikes. These coordinated groups, such as the one that paved the way for conventional bombers to successfully strike the fleet carrier

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was a special honour because the Emperor visited the shrine to pay homage twice a year. Yasukuni is the only shrine deifying common men which the Emperor would visit to pay his respects." Young Japanese people were indoctrinated from an early age with these ideals.

536:"Betty" medium bomber, which was in flames from anti-aircraft fire, most likely intentionally crashed into her backup conning tower, destroying almost all of the backup command equipment for the flagship. Most of the officers and men stationed there, including the 2527:

We tried to live with 120 per cent intensity, rather than waiting for death. We read and read, trying to understand why we had to die in our early twenties. We felt the clock ticking away towards our death, every sound of the clock shortening our lives.

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elevators or the flight deck. For horizontal attacks, the pilot was to "aim at the middle of the vessel, slightly higher than the waterline" or to "aim at the entrance to the aircraft hangar, or the bottom of the stack" if the former was too difficult.

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devotion. Although most pilots were unmarried (the average age was 19), some young fathers left loving instructions for their young wives and children to live well, and others expressed memories of unrequited love or the sorrow of dying young.

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were selected. Two 100 kg (220 lb) bombs were attached to two fighters, and the pilots took off before dawn, planning to crash into carriers. They never returned, but there is no record of a Kamikaze hitting an Allied ship that day.

1015:. The "Judy" made a run on the ship approaching from dead astern; it was met by effective fire and the aircraft passed over the island and exploded. Parts of the aircraft and the pilot were scattered over the flight deck and the forecastle. 2140:, which killed three of Mitscher's staff officers and eleven of his enlisted staff members and also destroyed his flag cabin along with all of his uniforms, personal papers, and possessions. Just three days later Mitscher's new flagship 512:, had destroyed a US aircraft carrier. It was explained that the term, which meant "thrust of body," was the practice of Japanese airmen to dive with the full load of bombs on to their target. Another possible example occurred at the 1514:

was preferred, and though their high rate of fire and quick training remained advantageous, they lacked the punch to take down a kamikaze bearing down on the ship they defended. It was found that heavy anti-aircraft guns such as the

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The resilience of well-armored vessels was shown on 4 May, just after 11:30, when there was a wave of suicide attacks against the British Pacific Fleet. One Japanese aircraft made a steep dive from "a great height" at the carrier

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asked a group of 23 talented student pilots, all of whom he had trained, to volunteer for the special attack force. All of the pilots raised both of their hands, volunteering to join the operation. Later, Tamai asked Lieutenant

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pilot to be chosen. He later said: "Japan's future is bleak if it is forced to kill one of its best pilots" and "I am not going on this mission for the Emperor or for the Empire ... I am going because I was ordered to."

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were escorted by other pilots whose function was to protect them en route to their destination and report on the results. Some of these escort pilots, such as Zero pilot Toshimitsu Imaizumi, were later sent out on their own

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attacked a tank column of the 20th Guards Tank Brigade. The paratroopers succeeded in shooting down two of the attacking aircraft, while the third crashed into a tank. During 12–13 August, 14 Japanese planes, including

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and escort pilots has revealed that they were motivated by a desire to protect their families from perceived atrocities and possible extinction at the hands of the Allies. They viewed themselves as the last defense.

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commented that "there were so many volunteers for suicide missions that he referred to them as a swarm of bees", explaining: "Bees die after they have stung." Okamura is credited with being the first to propose the

2657:. A Foreign Office official named Toshikazu Kase said: "It was customary for GHQ to make false announcements of victory in utter disregard of facts, and for the elated and complacent public to believe them." 2779:

involved in recruiting soldiers for the sacrifice. Their motivations in "volunteering" were complex and not simply about patriotism or bringing honour to their families. Firsthand interviews with surviving

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I would confess." This brutal "training" was justified by the idea that it would instil a "soldier's fighting spirit", but daily beatings and corporal punishment eliminated patriotism among many pilots.

1779:. The British were able to clear the flight deck and resume flight operations in just hours, while their American counterparts took a few days or even months, as observed by a US Navy liaison officer on 5287: 3615: 2672:. Stories like these, which showed the kind of praise and honour death produced, encouraged young Japanese to volunteer for the Special Attack Corps and instilled a desire in the youth to die as a 2829:

region). Suicide-mission pilots looked over their shoulders to see the mountain, the southernmost on the Japanese mainland, said farewell to their country and saluted the mountain. Residents on

606:. The Japanese lost over 400 carrier-based aircraft and pilots in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, effectively putting an end to their carriers' potency. Allied aviators called the action the " 890:

to command the special attack force. Seki is said to have closed his eyes, lowered his head, and thought for ten seconds before saying: "Please do appoint me to the post." Seki became the 24th

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The exact number of ships sunk is a matter of debate. According to a wartime Japanese propaganda announcement, the missions sank 81 ships and damaged 195, and according to a Japanese tally,

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made a dent 3 metres (10 ft) long and 0.6 metres (2 ft) wide and deep in the armored flight deck. Eight crew members were killed, 47 were wounded, and 11 aircraft were destroyed.

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said: "We never dared to question orders, to doubt authority, to do anything but immediately carry out all the commands of our superiors. We were automatons who obeyed without thinking."

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attack on an Allied ship. Other sources disagree because it was not a planned attack by a member of the Special Attack Force and was most likely undertaken on the pilot's own initiative.

1262:, the Japanese military attempted to use suicide attacks against this threat. During the northern hemisphere winter of 1944–45, the IJAAF formed the 47th Air Regiment, also known as the 3101: 3096: 2489:!" They were sheep at a slaughterhouse. Everybody was looking down and tottering. Some were unable to stand up and were carried and pushed into their aircraft by maintenance soldiers. 1757:

were destroyed. The fires were gradually brought under control, and the crater in the deck was repaired with concrete and steel plate. By 17:00, Corsairs were able to land. On 9 May,

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duty, and then on the carriers in the middle of the fleet. Suicide attacks by aircraft or boats at Okinawa sank or put out of action at least 30 US warships and at least three US

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pilot's manual told pilots to never close their eyes, as this would lower the chances of hitting their targets. In the final moments before the crash, the pilot was to yell "

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carried out more than 50 suicide attacks against the Soviet Red Army in August 1945. That is the number of aircraft the Japanese attributed to "other losses". Overall, the

1519:(127 mm) were the most effective as they had sufficient firepower to destroy aircraft at a safe range from the ship, which was preferable since even a heavily damaged 598:(June 1944), the Japanese had to make do with obsolete aircraft and inexperienced aviators in the fight against better-trained and more experienced US Navy airmen who flew 5893: 5811: 4296: 4126: 6823: 444:

was used only informally in the Japanese press in relation to suicide attacks, but after the war, this usage gained acceptance worldwide and was re-imported into Japan.

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attack should engage in the task first. Some persons who obeyed the policy, such as Kiyokuma Okajima, Saburo Shindo and Iyozo Fujita, were also critical of the policy.

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van der Does-Ishikawa, Luli (2015). "Contested memories of the Kamikaze and the self-representations of Tokkō-tai youth in their missives home". In Hook, G. D. (ed.).

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pilot's manual also explained how a pilot may turn back if he could not locate a target, and that a pilot "should not waste life lightly". One pilot, a graduate from

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line) before coming to rest in a fuel tank near the aircraft park, where it started a major fire. Eight personnel were killed and 47 were wounded. One Corsair and ten

4467: 6615: 1618:, along with some from other Allied forces. The attacks expended 1,465 aircraft. Many warships of all classes were damaged, some severely, but no aircraft carriers, 836:("Frances") land-based bombers, and one additional reconnaissance aircraft. The task facing the Japanese air forces seemed impossible. The 1st Air Fleet commandant, 1645: 6016: 7022: 6992: 4499: 688:

attack tactics. With his superiors, he arranged the first investigations into the plausibility and mechanisms of intentional suicide attacks on 15 June 1944.

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As the end of the war approached, the Allies did not suffer more serious significant losses, despite having far more ships and facing a greater intensity of

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its potentialities against ships. It is the opposite extreme of a lot of our Army heavy bombers who bomb safely and ineffectively from the upper atmosphere.

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tactic, newspapers and books ran advertisements, articles and stories regarding the suicide bombers to aid in recruiting and support. In October 1944, the

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attacks were successful. The Japanese considered the goal of damaging or sinking large numbers of Allied ships to be a just reason for suicide attacks;

810:, was assigned the task of assisting the Japanese ships that would attempt to destroy Allied forces in Leyte Gulf. That unit had only 41 aircraft: 34 3787: 3764:. Access date: 20 June 2007. If the pilot was from the 6th Flying Brigade, it was probably either Lieutenant Morita or Sergeant Itano, flying out of 3449: 2441:, commander of the second air fleet, was inspecting the 341st Air Group, Captain Okamura took the chance to express his ideas on crash-dive tactics: 1683:) while conducting operations with fully fueled and armed aircraft spotted on deck for takeoff, an extremely vulnerable state for any carrier. Eight 6650: 1961:

attacks were recorded on 20 August 1945. Shortly afterward, the main strength of the Japanese Army began to lay down its arms in surrender per the

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The tradition of death instead of defeat, capture, and shame was deeply entrenched in Japanese military culture; one of the primary values in the

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While many stories were falsified, some were true, such as that of Kiyu Ishikawa, who saved a Japanese ship when he crashed his aircraft into a

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Special Attack Force carried out its first mission. Five A6M Zeros, led by Lieutenant Seki, were escorted to the target by leading Japanese ace

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to strike at the Japanese home islands. After the fall of Saipan, the Japanese High Command predicted that the Allies would try to capture the

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those who were selected for a body crashing mission were described as being extraordinarily blissful immediately before their final sortie."

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to attack the largest tanker in Vladivostok, and if he failed, to ram the biggest house in the city. On the same day, the Soviet minesweeper

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attacks, and more than 5,000 had already been specially fitted for suicide attack to resist the planned either American or Soviet invasion.

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alone could bring over 1,000 fighter aircraft into play. Allied pilots became adept at destroying enemy aircraft before they struck ships.

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pilots from Japan to Korea to attack Soviet warships, but the Japanese leadership decided to surrender and the operation was cancelled.

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Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk or Damaged Beyond Repair during World War II, 7 December 1941 – 1 October 1945

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was a simple, easily built propeller aircraft with a wooden airframe that used engines from existing stocks. Its non-retractable

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During the final stage of World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army aviation employed numbers of kamikaze airstrikes against the

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was diminishing relative to that of the Allies. These factors, along with Japan's unwillingness to surrender, led to the use of

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Kamikaze Attacks of World War II: A Complete History of Japanese Suicide Strikes on American Ships, by Aircraft and Other Means

4319: 3814: 567:(October 1942) – decimated the IJNAS veteran aircrews, and replacing their combat experience proved impossible. 2223:, the historians Willmott, Cross, and Messenger stated that more than 70 U.S. vessels were "sunk or damaged beyond repair" by 1398: 1135:, diving into the flight deck, where his bomb caused fires that resulted in the bomb magazine exploding, sinking the carrier. 1076:

strike, but the attack occurred before the first mission of the Special Attack Force (on 25 October) and the aircraft used, a

6512: 3409: 1539:, on average seven times more effective than regular shells, became available, and the US Navy recommended their use against 1251:—were followed by an immediate expansion of the program, and over the next few months over 2,000 aircraft made such attacks. 1055: 4326: 4069: 1602:. On 6 April 1945, waves of aircraft made hundreds of attacks in Operation Kikusui ("floating chrysanthemums"). At Okinawa, 1416:

on 25 October 1944. The aircraft exploded in mid-air moments after the picture was taken, scattering debris across the deck.

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fell to the Allied forces on 15 July 1944. Its capture provided adequate forward bases that enabled US air forces using the

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Fusata Iida's aircraft had taken a hit and had started leaking fuel when he apparently used it to make a suicide attack on

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were repaired, although they were then mothballed or sold off as surplus after World War II without re-entering service.

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played a role in the decision to not repair damaged carriers, while even seriously damaged American carriers such as USS

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forces. Axell and Kase see these suicides as "individual, impromptu decisions by men who were mentally prepared to die".

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Richard L. Dunn, 2002–2005, "First Kamikaze? Attack on HMAS Australia – 21 October 1944" (j-aircraft.com)

3694: 974:Ōnishi, addressing this unit, told them that their nobility of spirit would keep the homeland from ruin even in defeat. 277:, the Japanese military also used or made plans for non-aerial Japanese Special Attack Units, including those involving 6753: 6733: 6207: 6202: 6101: 6041: 5832: 5822: 5513: 5423: 5400: 5381: 5362: 5333: 5256: 5239: 5222: 5204: 5130: 5094: 4790: 4750: 4578: 3896: 3331: 3215: 2803: 548: 4622: 1630:

at Okinawa. Most of the ships lost were destroyers or smaller vessels, especially those on picket duty. The destroyer

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also flew solo. On 18 August, several ammunition resupply vehicles carrying ammunition for BM-13 were destroyed by a

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strike greatly changed the course of what was to happen during the infamous "Friday the 13th" battle 12 hours later.

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had launched. The sergeant-major was posthumously promoted to second lieutenant by the emperor and was enshrined at

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was passed, under which students were required to ritually recite its oath to offer themselves "courageously to the

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It was claimed by the Japanese forces at the time that there were many volunteers for the suicidal forces. Captain

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Allied pilots were more experienced, better trained and in command of superior aircraft, making the poorly trained

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attacks. Early on 21 October 1944, a Japanese aircraft deliberately crashed into the foremast of the heavy cruiser

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attacks. He had expressed his desire to lead a volunteer group of suicide attacks some four months before Admiral

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and beyond. The Seafires' best day was 15 August 1945, shooting down eight attacking aircraft with a single loss.

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attacks accounted for up to 80% of the U.S. losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific. In a 2004 book,

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American Merchant Marine at War (website), 2006, "Chronological List of U.S. Ships Sunk or Damaged during 1945"

3490: 3380: 3295: 3275: 3255: 2597: 684:, as well as the 341st Air Group Home, was, according to some sources, the first officer to officially propose 590:, outclassed and soon outnumbered Japan's fighters. Tropical diseases, as well as shortages of spare parts and 560: 17: 4418: 4387: 6997: 6537: 5962: 5877: 5867: 5483: 3935: 1532: 1390:

for use against Allied forces expected to invade Japan. The invasion never happened, and few were ever used.

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was jettisoned shortly after takeoff for a suicide mission, recovered, and reused. Obsolete aircraft such as

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https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-048/h-048-1.html

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detection and cuing, airborne interception, attrition, and massive anti-aircraft barrages, 14 per cent of

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At the time of the surrender, the Japanese had more than 9,000 aircraft in the home islands available for

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airstrikes proved ineffective and had little or no effect on the Red Army during the Soviet–Japanese War.

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Australian journalists Denis and Peggy Warner, in a 1982 book with Japanese naval historian Sadao Seno (

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attackers sank 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800. Despite

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At least one of these pilots was a conscripted Korean with a Japanese name, adopted under the pre-war

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at 17:29. The aircraft and its bomb penetrated two decks before exploding, killing 13 and wounding 44.

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with which to end their lives if they risked being captured. Like all Army and Navy servicemen, the

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by Japanese pilots from units other than the Special Attack Force, have been described as the first

843:, decided to form a suicide offensive force, the Special Attack Unit. In a meeting on 19 October at 547:

The carrier battles in 1942, particularly the Battle of Midway, inflicted irreparable damage on the

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suicide pilots and, it seems, join in the exultation of sinking a large enemy vessel." Many of the

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approached a US task group. According to some accounts, two made suicide attacks, one of which hit

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During 1943–1944, US forces steadily advanced toward Japan. Newer US-made aircraft, especially the

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attacks. Although causing some of the heaviest casualties on US carriers in 1945 (particularly as

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mission occurred on 13 September 1944. A group of pilots from the army's 31st Fighter Squadron on

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Kamikaze, Cherry Blossoms, and Nationalisms: The Militarization of Aesthetics in Japanese History

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Huggins, Mark (May–June 1999). "Setting Sun: Japanese Air Defence of the Philippines 1944–1945".

4012: 2982: 2851:, Tadashi Minobe and Yoshio Shiga, refused to obey the policy. They said that the commander of a 2756: 2605: 2235: 2121: 1901: 1855: 1780: 1661: 1569: 1496: 1348: 1275: 677: 2713:, a "belt of a thousand stitches" given to them by their mothers. They also composed and read a 2592:

practices. As time went on, Americans claimed, Shinto was used increasingly in the promotion of

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aircraft. Gordon says that the Warners and Seno included ten ships that did not sink. He lists:

61: 6977: 6972: 6915: 6758: 6325: 6087: 6051: 6027: 5924: 5909: 5758: 5670: 4870: 2747: 2363: 2310: 2196: 2115: 1837: 1555: 1051: 497: 481: 405: 183: 3207: 3131: 2695:

Army officers took their swords along, while the Navy pilots (as a general rule) did not. The

2082:

first and third largest fatalities on sunken or damaged U.S. aircraft carriers in World War II

6901: 6780: 6674: 6111: 5573: 5452: 5350: 5244: 3685: 2608:. The ultimate offering was to give up one's life. It was an honour to die for Japan and the 2390: 2369: 2176:

suffered structural damage that led to them being scrapped, as being beyond economic repair.

2046: 2008:

was unlucky to get hit with fueled and armed aircraft on deck), the IJN had sacrificed 2,525

1966: 1653: 1507: 1465: 1156: 1143: 1114: 1005: 775:, near Leyte Gulf, on or about 15 October 1944. Arima was killed and part of an aircraft hit 392:

In Japanese, the formal term used for units carrying out suicide attacks during 1944–1945 is

375:

A Japanese monoplane that made a record-breaking flight from Tokyo to London in 1937 for the

286: 52: 43:

Direct Kamikaze suicide-aircraft strike against US Naval vessel, resulting in visible damage.

4780: 4730: 3199: 2616:, that is 'guardian spirits' of the country. ... Many Japanese felt that to be enshrined at 1843:, was on a radar picket line off Okinawa when she was struck by an obsolete wood-and-fabric 1516: 1444:(CAP) that were larger and operated farther from the carriers than before, a line of picket 1038:

dive bomber, from an unidentified unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, or a

875:. Araki died the following day, at the age of 17, in a suicide attack on ships near Okinawa. 6242: 6066: 6056: 5568: 5283: 4271:"Last flight: Why did one young Japanese woman join her pilot husband on kamikaze mission?" 4248: 3610: 3126: 3012: 2909: 2568:" (必殺) at the top of his lungs, which translates to "certain kill" or "sink without fail". 2320: 2206: 1945:, the commander of the IJN 5th Air Fleet based in Kyushu, participated in one of the final 1766: 1580: 1293: 1198: 1106:

but instead exploded on the port catwalk and cartwheeled into the sea. Two others dived at

1084: 1028: 840: 803: 769: 417: 249: 3960: 1424:, already famous for developing effective aerial tactics against the Japanese such as the 8: 6922: 6474: 6421: 6394: 6384: 6330: 6320: 6305: 6182: 6006: 5685: 5680: 5563: 5444: 5415: 4758: 4731: 3136: 2732: 2406: 2339: 2333: 2105: 1754: 1742: 1696: 1631: 1587: 1469: 1342: 1308: 1150: 1092: 811: 620: 583: 556: 381: 6257: 4656: 3858: 2921: 2168:

strikes, British fleet carriers with their armoured flight decks recovered more quickly

1535:

extremely difficult. By 1945, large numbers of anti-aircraft shells with radiofrequency

532:, was heavily damaged during a Japanese bombing raid when a large twin-engined Japanese 6443: 6380: 6197: 6167: 5708: 4596: 4584: 4226: 3415: 3002: 2327: 1897: 1477: 1066: 587: 357: 328: 302: 241: 2860: 1949:

attacks on American ships on 15 August 1945, hours after Japan's announced surrender.

6967: 6802: 6718: 6484: 6172: 6152: 5919: 5548: 5419: 5396: 5377: 5358: 5329: 5310: 5293: 5269: 5263: 5252: 5235: 5218: 5200: 5183: 5173: 5145: 5126: 5109: 5090: 5067: 5039: 4973: 4786: 4746: 4588: 4574: 3892: 3765: 3405: 3376: 3327: 3307: 3291: 3271: 3251: 3211: 3200: 3175: 3111: 2928: 2550: 2187: 1864: 1707: 1599: 1458: 1441: 1255: 1020: 868: 603: 171: 108: 5628: 3822: 3761: 3629:

ww2pacific.com, 2004, "World War II in the Pacific: Japanese Suicide Attacks at Sea"

2485:

It's all a lie that they left filled with braveness and joy, crying, "Long live the

2467:

pilots as noble soldiers willing to sacrifice their lives for the country. In 2006,

1452:

at least 80 km (50 mi) from the main body of the fleet to provide earlier

1307:

that had flown almost 4,000 km (2,500 mi) from Japan, in a mission called

344: 77: 6728: 6625: 6345: 6061: 5733: 4566: 3141: 2991: 2987: 2826: 2585: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2378: 2345: 2301: 2271: 1806: 1691: 1562: 1449: 1433: 1205: 1165:

strike forward of its aft elevator the day before); and three smaller escorts: USS

1047: 1039: 927: 723: 711: 673: 630: 513: 501: 470: 386: 6600: 4570: 1957:

known as the Shinshu Fumetsu Special Attack Corps (Japanese: 神州不滅特別攻撃隊), The last

1871:. In the middle of August the Japanese military planned to dispatch a group of 30 692: 236:

were still able to hit their targets even after their aircraft had been crippled.

6945: 6818: 6645: 6350: 6267: 6187: 5660: 5499: 5462: 4330: 4323: 3939: 3920: 3698: 3635: 3321: 3049: 2955: 2867:

attack because he thought the task of fighter pilots was to shoot down aircraft.

2751:

Chiran high school girls wave farewell with cherry blossom branches to departing

2669: 2473: 2468: 2294: 1894:

crashed without hitting their targets. Damage from these attacks was negligible.

1364: 1170: 1107: 936: 784: 179: 6262: 3121: 2892: 2856: 2834: 1911:

on 11 May 1945, resulting in 396 personnel dead or missing and over 260 wounded.

641:, strategically important to Tokyo because of the islands' location between the 232:

was more accurate than conventional attacks, and often caused more damage. Some

98: 6792: 6595: 6489: 6310: 6300: 6157: 6121: 5543: 5083: 4468:"Admiral Spruance Recounts Kamikaze Attack on His Flagship, New Mexico (BB-40)" 3956: 3911: 3740: 3513:"John E. Bennett oral history interview, February 5, 1994 and February 6, 1994" 3419: 3397: 3146: 3071: 2900: 2847:

Some Japanese military personnel were critical of the policy. Officers such as

2760: 2601: 2114:

was hit in March and had to retire for repairs which forced him to transfer to

1817: 1536: 1483: 1407: 1325:, opposed to converted fighters and dive-bombers, were also being constructed. 1279: 1100: 1096: 1077: 1009: 844: 826: 822: 758: 750: 746: 737: 695:

news agency that a flight instructor named Takeo Tagata was training pilots in

533: 400:), which literally means "special attack unit". This is usually abbreviated to 202:

pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by

175: 6630: 6605: 4113: 3982: 2944: 2401: 457: 6961: 6723: 6116: 5837: 5827: 5655: 5620: 5113: 4500:"Precision Weapons, Power Projection, and The Revolution In Military Affairs" 3840:"HyperWar: Antiaircraft Action Summary – Suicide Attacks [Chapter 2]" 3689: 3243: 3116: 3076: 3028: 2995: 2813:

missions often flew southwest from Japan over the 922 m (3,025 ft)

2776: 2192: 2129: 2125: 1984: 1824: 1773: 1615: 1528: 1487:

An A6M5 "Zero" diving towards American ships in the Philippines in early 1945

1437: 1326: 1312: 1271: 1212: 882: 707: 376: 349: 70: 6217: 1142:

from the Special Attack Force had also damaged three large escort carriers:

855: 6738: 6697: 5713: 5590: 5227: 5187: 3063: 2905: 2896: 2884: 2848: 2830: 2814: 2790: 2775:

missions, it has also been contended that there was extensive coercion and

2700: 2581: 2357: 2351: 1989: 1942: 1844: 1791: 1611: 1375: 1371: 1300: 1124:. Seki however, under heavy fire and trailing smoke, aborted the attack on 837: 830: 815: 788: 743: 462: 353: 191: 6287: 5904: 5297: 4565:. Vol. 27. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis UK. pp. 50–84. 4204: 2641:

of the Special Attack Corps." Publishers also played up the idea that the

2254:

survived to score a hit on a ship; nearly 8.5 percent of all ships hit by

2055:-related attacks that they were knocked out for the remainder of the war. 1718: 6365: 5914: 5457: 4847:

The Last Zero Fighter: Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

3656: 3628: 2593: 1726: 1425: 924:

Shikishima no Yamato-gokoro wo hito towaba, asahi ni niou yamazakura bana

860: 369: 315: 187: 5123:

The Last Zero Fighter Firsthand Accounts from WWII Japanese Naval Pilots

5027: 5008: 4990: 2806:

and other Japanese air bases during the Battle of Okinawa were Koreans.

2463:

As time wore on, modern critics questioned the nationalist portrayal of

6938: 6162: 5778: 4623:"The Saturday Profile; Shadow Shogun Steps Into Light, to Change Japan" 2888: 2822: 2771:

While it is commonly perceived that volunteers signed up in droves for

2714: 2709: 2650: 2287: 2088:-class carriers to never serve on active duty after World War II while 1798:

hits a Limey carrier it's just a case of 'Sweepers, man your brooms'."

1656:. American carriers also suffered considerably heavier casualties from 1619: 1421: 1355:

attacks from March 1945. US personnel gave them the derisive nickname "

1330: 1245: 1129: 919: 887: 780: 477: 6797: 6071: 5289:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945

2017:

were unable to turn the tide of the war and stop the Allied invasion.

1637:

earned the nickname "The Ship That Would Not Die" after surviving six

1050:, and wounded 64, including the Australian force commander, Commodore 6494: 6469: 6464: 6272: 6143: 6076: 5748: 4865: 4346:. Naval History and Heritage Command National Museum of the U.S. Navy 3983:"History and Technology – Kamikaze Damage to US and British Carriers" 3616:

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945

3086: 2665: 2553:, who continually came back to base was shot after his ninth return. 2211:

25 November 1944. Over 75 men were killed or missing and 100 wounded.

1607: 1445: 1035: 1001: 879: 872: 4047: 4030:"Воспоминания очевидцев: Японцы отправляли на фронт танки-камикадзе" 3512: 3375:. Milsons Point NSW Australia: Random House Australia. p. 122. 3288:

Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army

1072:

on 24 October is listed in some sources as the first ship lost to a

496:

One example of this may have occurred on 7 December 1941 during the

6573: 5692: 5636: 3815:"Divine Wind The Japanese secret weapon – kamikaze suicide attacks" 3024: 3020: 2974:(2007), directed by Taku Shinjo (Original title: "俺は、君のためにこそ死ににいく" 2617: 2609: 2486: 1962: 1851: 1403: 1338: 1046:. The attack killed 30 personnel, including the cruiser's captain, 715: 642: 476:

on 25 November 1944. The attack left 15 killed and 44 wounded. The

213: 39: 5468: 3932: 3102:

List of Imperial Japanese Navy air-to-surface special attack units

3097:

List of Imperial Japanese Army air-to-surface special attack units

2172:. Post-war analysis showed that some British carriers such as HMS 997: 570: 5743: 5439: 4149:"The Soviet Invasion of Manchuria led to Japan's Greatest Defeat" 3686:"Motoori Norinaga: A scholar-physician who loved cherry blossoms" 2795: 2723: 2718: 2661: 2384: 1969:. The Soviet–Japanese War, and World War II, had come to an end. 1881:

also operated against Red Army ground units. On August 10, three

1623: 732: 290: 266: 261: 256: 221: 198:

more effectively than with conventional air attacks. About 3,800

195: 4704:"Advice to Japanese kamikaze pilots during the second world war" 3402:

Japanese Reflections on World War II and the American Occupation

2588:

to differentiate the Japanese state's ideology from traditional

1736:

was damaged beyond economical repair and scrapped after the war.

1576: 1285:("Tojo") fighters, whose pilots were instructed to collide with 594:, made operations more and more difficult for the IJNAS. By the 6743: 6666: 6426: 5595: 5199:(in Japanese). Translated by Yoshio Masuda. Kasumi Publishing. 3373:

Battle Surface! Japan's Submarine War Against Australia 1942–44

2728: 2589: 2416:

aircraft used towards the end of the war. The U.S. called them

1823:("Nick") heavy fighters caused enough damage for the destroyer 1080:, was not flown by the original four Special Attack Squadrons. 807: 799: 696: 282: 278: 3859:"United States of America 20 mm/70 (0.79") Marks 2, 3 & 4" 3712:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3674:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

3661:

The Nobility of Failure: Tragic Heroes in the History of Japan

2278:, lists in a 2007 article 47 ships known to have been sunk by 7038:

Aviation accidents and incidents involving deliberate crashes

5788: 4297:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 4127:"Японские летчики-камикадзе против Красной Армии в 1945 году" 2247: 1453: 681: 599: 429: 425: 270: 5159:

Inoguchi, Rikihei; Nakajima, Tadashi; Pineau, Roger (1959).

3092:

Kampfgeschwader 200 § Suicide and near-suicide missions

1660:

strikes; for instance, 389 men were killed in one attack on

1506:

attacks. Light rapid-fire anti-aircraft weapons such as the

404:(特攻隊). More specifically, air suicide attack units from the 6824:

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God

5249:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers.

3532:

U.S. Naval War College Analysis, p. 1; Parshall and Tully,

3522:– via East Carolina University Manuscript Collection. 3010:) a 2024 film also directed by Takashi Yamazaki set in the 2688: 2628:

First recruits for Japanese Kamikaze suicide pilots in 1944

982: 591: 334: 314:

was a reference to the two typhoons that sank or dispersed

127: 5305:

Willmott, H. P.; Cross, Robin; Messenger, Charles (2004).

4782:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

4733:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

2645:

were enshrined at Yasukuni and ran exaggerated stories of

2535:

Kamikaze Diaries: Reflections of Japanese Student Soldiers

710:

decided to launch a suicide attack the following morning.

5232:

Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941

5028:"Ore wa, kimi no tame ni koso shini ni iku (2007) – IMDb" 4446:"H-048-1: Kamikaze Attacks on U.S. Flagships off Okinawa" 4017:, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington. pp. 383–384 2798:

to take Japanese personal names. Eleven of the 1,036 IJA

1830:

to be scuttled. The last ship in the war to be sunk, the

1502:

Allied gunners had begun to develop techniques to negate

240:

than it could train their replacements, and the nation's

2148:, forcing him to have to change his flagship yet again. 4170:"Soviet Invasion of Manchuria: Catching Japan Unawares" 1382:. During 1945, the Japanese military began stockpiling 806:. The Imperial Japanese Navy's 1st Air Fleet, based at 5304: 5158: 4421:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4390:. Aviation Archaeological Investigation & Research 4333:, Pacific War, Washington D.C., 1 July 1946, pp 70–71. 3452:. Marine Corps Base Hawaii, United States Marine Corps 3248:

War Without Mercy: Race & Power in the Pacific War

1816:

attacks on Allied forces off Okinawa, while a pair of

1812:("Peggy") medium bombers, based on Formosa, undertook 863:, holding a puppy, with four other pilots of the 72nd 749:, the commander of the 26th Air Flotilla (part of the 356:" and has been used since August 1281 to refer to the 5349: 5251:

Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

4560: 2932:, an anthology of short films containing one about a 2477:, criticized Japanese nationalists' glorification of 2446:

me with 300 aircraft and I will turn the tide of war.

2412:("cherry blossom"), a specially built rocket-powered 729:

was hit by a deliberately crashed Japanese aircraft.

5265:

Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze

3039: 2037:, were crucial. In fact, three large fleet carriers— 1748:

and was engaged by anti-aircraft guns. Although the

1598:

attack frequency came during April–June 1945 at the

559:(1942–1945) – notably the Battles of 440:

in Japanese. During World War II, the pronunciation

338:

is the word for "god", "spirit", or "divinity", and

5170:

Divine Thunder: The Life and Death of the Kamikazes

2941:

Last Kamikaze Testimonials from WWII Suicide Pilots

2309:14 destroyers, including the last ship to be sunk, 1790:hits a US carrier it means six months of repair at 1644:American carriers, with their wooden flight decks, 1440:well away from the carrier force. This recommended 791:and was given official credit for making the first 5082: 4861:"International : A "Japanese hero" goes home" 4116:, NavSource Online: Aircraft Carrier Photo Archive 3479:The Shanghai Sunday Times, March 1, 1942, page 1 . 2132:were yards away from getting killed or wounded by 1406:(A6M2 Model 21) towards the end of its run at the 5326:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 5213:Parshall, Jonathan B., Tully, Anthony P. (2005). 3202:Kamikaze: Japanese Special Attack Weapons 1944–45 6959: 6651:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 5393:Fire from the Sky: Surviving the Kamikaze Threat 5371: 5163:. London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. 4502:. USAF Historical Studies Office. Archived from 4044:"Смертники и полусмертники против Красной Армии" 3404:, Amsterdam University Press, pp. 120–126, 2151:Spruance later wrote about the effectiveness of 1468:(BPF) used the high-altitude performance of its 1351:, launched from bombers, were first deployed in 1318:survived a hit from an aircraft just off Japan. 1019:Several suicide attacks, carried out during the 977: 224:, and/or other explosives. About 19 per cent of 6852:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 6621:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 5234:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 4541:. Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 139. 4523: 4521: 3856: 3576:"Father of the Kamikaze Liner Notes – AnimEigo" 3023:Kōichi Shikishima as he encounters the monster 1801:Twin-engine aircraft were occasionally used in 1641:attacks and four bomb hits during this battle. 722:According to some sources, on 14 October 1944, 412:(神風特別攻撃隊, "divine wind special attack units"). 138: 5605: 4778: 4763: 4728: 3834: 3832: 3676:, pp. 289–290 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 484:port wing tank trails fuel vapor and/or smoke. 424:or Chinese-derived pronunciation) of the same 248:tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the 149: 96: 80:, 21, the pilots who flew their aircraft into 7023:Military history of Japan during World War II 6993:Aerial operations and battles of World War II 6682: 5484: 5390: 5025: 4890:(25 September 2004). Retrieved 21 August 2011 3739:(28). Australian War Memorial. Archived from 2108:'s flagships were struck two separate times ( 1652:hits than the armored-decked carriers of the 5061: 4824: 4649:"Publisher dismayed by Japanese nationalism" 4518: 3812: 3450:"Fusata Iida: WWII's first 'Kamikaza' pilot" 3395: 2986:(永遠の0 Eien no Zero) a 2013 film directed by 2683:pilots departed on their final mission. The 2264:The Sacred Warriors: Japan's Suicide Legions 1867:. It is believed to have been attacked by a 1117:fire. The last two, Seki among them, ran at 798:On 17 October 1944, Allied forces assaulted 761:"Betty" twin-engined bomber against a large 757:tactic. Arima personally led an attack by a 753:), is sometimes credited with inventing the 27:1944–1945 Japanese suicidal aircraft attacks 5968:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 5044:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4785:. University of Chicago Press. p. 10. 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4419:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - March 1945" 3959:Naval & Maritime Museum. Archived from 3829: 3396:Porter, Edgar A.; Porter, Ran Ying (2017), 3206:. New Vanguard. Osprey Publishing. p. 2883:in English), released in 1970, produced by 2691:or water known as "mizu no sakazuki". Many 1393: 783:seized on Arima's example. He was promoted 613:On 19 June 1944, aircraft from the carrier 516:when a damaged American bomber flew at the 186:naval vessels in the closing stages of the 6689: 6675: 5491: 5477: 4914:Tokko Kyohi No Ishoku Shudan Suiseyashutai 3906: 3904: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3488: 2266:), arrived at a total of 57 ships sunk by 1386:, Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka, other aircraft and 1363:is Japanese for "idiot" or "stupid"). The 1099:. One Zero attempted to hit the bridge of 918:. These names were taken from a patriotic 898:The names of the four subunits within the 6371:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5981:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 4470:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4448:. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command 4388:"U.S. Navy Overseas Loss List - May 1945" 4205:"終戦後に特攻した「神州不滅特別攻撃隊」そこには女性の姿も。彼らが残した思いとは" 3923:(U.S. Navy) Access date: 1 December 2007. 3714:, p. 284 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3663:, p. 289 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975 3326:. London: Pearson Education. p. ix. 3310:, Tome I, poem 163, Tome IV poem 500 etc. 2976:Ore wa, Kimi no Tame ni Koso Shini ni Iku 1510:autocannons were still useful though the 1428:, developed a defensive strategy against 1420:In early 1945, US Navy aviator Commander 1008:from the tail of a "Judy" on the deck of 5754:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 5458:World War II Database: Kamikaze Doctrine 5453:An ex-kamikaze pilot creates a new world 5261: 4689: 4536: 4315: 4313: 3850: 3193: 3191: 3107:List of ships damaged by kamikaze attack 2908:also produced a biographical film about 2746: 2623: 2400: 2186: 1983: 1896: 1717: 1690: 1575: 1550: 1482: 1397: 1378:biplane trainers were also converted to 996: 981: 854: 731: 691:In August 1944, it was announced by the 652: 574:Model 52c Zeros ready to take part in a 569: 540:, were killed or wounded. This de facto 456: 332:is usually translated as "divine wind" ( 306: 296: 38: 5103: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4563:Excavating the Power of Memory in Japan 4497: 3901: 3730: 3717: 3370: 3266:Haruko Taya Cook and Theodore F. Cook, 3174:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 171. 3082:Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots 1527:presented a very difficult problem for 1329:Mitsuo Ohta had suggested that piloted 1244:Early successes—such as the sinking of 1182: 1034:. This aircraft was possibly either an 944: – it is the flowers of 814:("Zeke") carrier-based fighters, three 668:flight deck amidships 25 November 1944. 14: 6960: 6884:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones 6569:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 5323: 5282: 5167: 4320:United States Strategic Bombing Survey 3447: 3197: 2653:for little children that promoted the 2571: 1988:Ugaki, shortly before taking off in a 1907:, an aircraft carrier, was hit by two 1056:Australian official history of the war 661:aircraft explodes after crashing into 342:for "wind"). The word originated from 7033:World War II suicide weapons of Japan 6670: 5472: 5410:Wragg, David (2011). "10. Kamikaze". 5409: 5080: 5062:Axell, Albert; Hideaki, Kase (2002). 4951:Allan R. Millett, Williamson Murray, 4845:King, Dan (July 2012). "4 Imaizumi". 4310: 3891:, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2008 3448:Mulero, Alexis R. (7 December 2001). 3319: 3224: 3188: 3169: 2178:Britain's post-war economic situation 212:aircraft were pilot-guided explosive 107: 5973:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 5729:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 5194: 5139: 5120: 4844: 4833: 4089: 3881:Danger's Hour, The Story of the USS 3232:Japan: No Surrender in World War Two 6859:House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths 6641:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 5883:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 5498: 4759:University of Chicago Press website 3526: 3489:McCandless, Bruce (November 1958). 2731:from their families and were given 2679:Ceremonies were carried out before 2100:were so relentless at Okinawa that 1992:to participate in one of the final 1606:attacks focused at first on Allied 1523:could reach its target. The speedy 1254:When Japan began to suffer intense 926:by the Japanese classical scholar, 469:) "Judy" in a suicide dive against 24: 5343: 4903:(Japanese), Nekopublishing, p. 376 4655:. 10 February 2006. Archived from 4368:. U.S. Naval Institute. April 2005 3857:DiGiulian, Tony (September 2006). 2632:Following the commencement of the 2020:While on paper it may appear that 1299:was hit and moderately damaged at 549:Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service 25: 7049: 5433: 2972:Assault on the Pacific – Kamikaze 2945:Documentary Educational Resources 2170:compared to their US counterparts 2128:and his chief of staff Commodore 1590:(visible top left), 11 April 1945 702:One source claims that the first 522:'s bridge but missed. During the 220:) in aircraft loaded with bombs, 6696: 6341:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 5604: 5412:The Pacific Naval War, 1941–1945 4929:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 197–99 4916:(Japanese), Kojinsha, pp. 104–08 4869:. 22 August 2005. Archived from 3056: 3042: 2809:It is said that young pilots on 2802:pilots who died in sorties from 2717:, a tradition stemming from the 1531:fire, since their velocity made 1303:, in the Caroline Islands, by a 1222: 1191: 1058:claimed that this was the first 1044:Imperial Japanese Army Air Force 779:. The Japanese high command and 60: 51: 6356:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 5357:. University of Chicago Press. 5217:. Washington: Potomac Books. 5055: 5019: 5009:"Father of the Kamikaze (1974)" 5001: 4983: 4962: 4945: 4932: 4919: 4906: 4893: 4877: 4853: 4815: 4806: 4772: 4722: 4671: 4641: 4615: 4554: 4545: 4530: 4491: 4482: 4460: 4438: 4411: 4380: 4358: 4336: 4289: 4263: 4241: 4219: 4197: 4184: 4162: 4141: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4062: 4036: 4032:(in Russian). 3 September 2015. 4022: 4006: 3993: 3975: 3945: 3926: 3910:Naval Historical Center, 2004, 3873: 3806: 3780: 3771: 3755: 3704: 3679: 3666: 3650: 3641: 3622: 3604: 3595: 3586: 3568: 3556: 3539: 3505: 3482: 3473: 3464: 3441: 3432: 3389: 3364: 2721:, who did so before committing 1461:making repairs more difficult. 1083:On 25 October 1944, during the 956:A less literal translation is: 629:The important Japanese base of 159:Divine Wind Special Attack Unit 6611:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 5724:Imperial Rescript on Education 5309:. London: Dorling Kindersley. 5262:Sheftall, Mordecai G. (2005). 5064:Kamikaze: Japan's Suicide Gods 4953:Military Effectiveness Volume3 4779:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2007). 4729:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko (2006). 4229:(in Japanese). 20 October 2002 4070:"Kamikazes: The Soviet Legacy" 3340: 3313: 3300: 3280: 3260: 3237: 3163: 2817:. The mountain is also called 2598:Imperial Rescript on Education 2396: 2164:In the immediate aftermath of 1732:following action off Okinawa. 1679:case, by a dive bomber, not a 1646:appeared to suffer more damage 1586:shortly before being hit by a 1546: 1292:On 11 March, the U.S. carrier 961:Asked about the soul of Japan, 385:. She was a prototype for the 13: 1: 6057:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 5963:Imperial General Headquarters 5554:Foreign commerce and shipping 5463:What motivated the Kamikazes? 5125:. California: Pacific Press. 5026:whatdoes1know (12 May 2007). 4888:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4679:"They've Outlived the Stigma" 4571:10.1080/09555803.2015.1045540 4104:. Retrieved 3 September 2024. 4019:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3942:Access date: 1 December 2007. 3549:, pp. 176–86; Eric Bergerud, 3398:""I Shall Die with Pleasure"" 3268:Japan at War: An Oral History 3152: 1311:. On 20 March, the submarine 1287:United States Army Air Forces 1278:. The unit was equipped with 1065:The sinking of the ocean tug 978:Leyte Gulf: the first attacks 850: 648: 645:of Southeast Asia and Japan. 452: 168:Japanese Special Attack Units 6877:Guyana: Crime of the Century 6389:Hirohito surrender broadcast 5784:Greater East Asia Conference 4942:(Japanese), Kojinsha, p. 162 4653:International Herald Tribune 4498:Hallion, Richard P. (1999). 4431:For destroyed aircraft from 4400:For destroyed aircraft from 4366:"Hellish Prelude at Okinawa" 4046:(in Russian). Archived from 3733:"The first kamikaze attack?" 2340:Landing Ship Medium (Rocket) 2316:on 29 July 1945, off Okinawa 2120:which was also hit in May). 2051:—were so heavily damaged by 1495:pilots easy targets. The US 1138:By 26 October day's end, 55 1095:where they attacked several 969:Glowing in the morning sun. 596:Battle of the Philippine Sea 273:until death. In addition to 7: 5769:Supreme Court of Judicature 5089:. New York: Gallery Books. 4739:University of Chicago Press 4013:Sydney David Waters, 1956, 3357:Online Etymology Dictionary 3286:Meirion and Susie Harries, 3035: 2962:Ore wa, kimi no tameni koso 2493: 2270:. Bill Gordon, an American 1927:Tanker on a foreign vehicle 1260:Boeing B-29 Superfortresses 1042:of the 6th Flying Brigade, 608:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot 524:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 436:or Japanese pronunciation) 410:shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai 139: 10: 7054: 6480:Second Philippine Republic 6253:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 5292:. New York: Random House. 4991:"Saigo no tokkôtai (1970)" 4957:Cambridge University Press 4537:Inoguchi, Rikihei (1958). 4015:The Royal New Zealand Navy 2687:shared ceremonial cups of 2649:bravery – there were even 2195:gun aboard the battleship 1979: 1128:and instead banked toward 934:If someone asks about the 902:Special Attack Force were 461:Lt. Yoshinori Yamaguchi's 447: 379:newspaper group was named 300: 142:Shinpū Tokubetsu Kōgekitai 29: 6893: 6868: 6836: 6811: 6771:Order of the Solar Temple 6711: 6704: 6588: 6561: 6503: 6457: 6414: 6407: 6361:Japan during World War II 6316:Pacification of Manchukuo 6286: 6216: 6208:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 6203:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 6141: 6134: 6085: 6072:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 6025: 5951: 5944: 5891: 5809: 5802: 5794:Imperial Japanese Airways 5701: 5648: 5613: 5602: 5506: 5395:. Naval Institute Press. 5372:Rielly, Robin L. (2010). 5195:O'Neill, Richard (1988). 5085:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3879:Kennedy, Maxwell Taylor: 3638:. Accessed 1 August 2007. 3563:Fighting Elites: Kamikaze 3491:"The San Francisco Story" 3306:Used as "Kamikaze no" in 2920:in English), directed by 2821:(meaning a mountain like 2794:ordinance that compelled 2604:" as well as protect the 2471:, editor-in-chief of the 2102:United States Fifth Fleet 967:Like wild cherry blossoms 948:that are fragrant in the 635:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 506:Naval Air Station Kaneohe 480:are extended and the non- 150: 97: 32:Kamikaze (disambiguation) 6988:1945 in military history 6983:1944 in military history 6909:Chitty Chitty Death Bang 6845:Jonestown: Paradise Lost 6336:Second Sino-Japanese War 6278:Racial Equality Proposal 5858:Agriculture and Commerce 5416:Pen & Sword Maritime 5168:Millot, Bernard (1971). 4940:Saikyo Sentoki Shidenkai 3731:Nichols, Robert (2004). 3172:A Dictionary of Aviation 3170:Wragg, David W. (1973). 3157: 2596:sentiment. In 1890, the 1725:damage to the destroyer 1702:after being struck by a 1394:Allied defensive tactics 1270:) at Narimasu Airfield, 553:Solomon Islands campaign 488:Before the formation of 6248:Washington Naval Treaty 6193:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 6178:First Sino-Japanese War 5997:Nuclear weapons program 5739:Great Japan Youth Party 5666:National seals of Japan 5324:Zaloga, Steven (2011). 5140:Hoyt, Edwin P. (1993). 4344:"Pre-Okinawa Kamikazes" 3788:"Japanese Ki-9 biplane" 3697:11 January 2009 at the 3371:Jenkins, David (1992). 2870: 2863:refused to engage in a 2364:high-speed minesweepers 2286:three escort carriers: 2124:commander Vice Admiral 2122:Fast Carrier Task Force 1996:strikes, 15 August 1945 1786:who commented: "When a 1761:was again damaged by a 1570:Battle of Lingayen Gulf 1497:Fast Carrier Task Force 1349:rocket-powered aircraft 1276:Tokyo Metropolitan Area 766:-class aircraft carrier 408:were officially called 194:, intending to destroy 7003:Imperial Japanese Navy 6916:The Field Where I Died 6326:Motherland controversy 6296:Shōwa financial crisis 6088:Imperial Japanese Navy 6028:Imperial Japanese Army 5759:Peace Preservation Law 5391:Stern, Robert (2010). 4329:25 August 2003 at the 3919:2 January 2013 at the 3889:Pilot who Crippled Her 3320:Axell, Albert (2002). 3198:Zaloga, Steve (2011). 2992:novel of the same name 2918:Father of the Kamikaze 2768: 2629: 2530: 2512: 2491: 2448: 2421: 2260: 2212: 2162: 1997: 1912: 1805:attacks. For example, 1765:, as were the carrier 1737: 1715: 1591: 1573: 1488: 1436:" to establish Allied 1417: 1113:but were destroyed by 1016: 994: 972: 954: 876: 859:26 May 1945. Corporal 802:Island, beginning the 740: 699:for suicide missions. 669: 579: 498:attack on Pearl Harbor 485: 406:Imperial Japanese Navy 323: 320:invading Mongol fleets 44: 7013:Japan in World War II 6238:Siberian Intervention 6047:Railways and Shipping 5863:Commerce and Industry 5559:Industrial production 5351:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5245:Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 5081:Brown, David (1990). 5066:. New York: Longman. 4821:Axell, pp. 38, 41, 43 4249:"神州不滅特別攻撃隊之碑（世田谷観音寺）" 3938:25 March 2017 at the 3825:on 28 September 2006. 3813:Bill Coombes (1995). 3634:13 April 2020 at the 2750: 2627: 2525: 2497: 2483: 2443: 2404: 2391:Landing Craft Support 2240: 2190: 2157: 2144:was also struck by a 1987: 1900: 1721: 1694: 1654:British Pacific Fleet 1579: 1554: 1486: 1466:British Pacific Fleet 1401: 1341:refined Ohta's idea. 1000: 985: 958: 932: 858: 735: 656: 573: 460: 310: 297:Definition and origin 250:Japanese home islands 166:, were a part of the 42: 6998:Battle of Leyte Gulf 6902:El cerco de Numancia 6656:Political dissidence 6505:Occupied territories 6243:General Election Law 6067:Taiwan Army of Japan 5418:. pp. 143–154. 4970:Zero-sen Gekitsui-Oh 4685:. 25 September 2004. 3963:on 27 September 2011 3438:Axell, pp. 34, 40–41 3323:Japan's Suicide Gods 3127:September 11 attacks 2733:military decorations 2321:high-speed transport 2242:Approximately 2,800 2067:lost 78 planes, and 1863:was sunk during the 1470:Supermarine Seafires 1459:delayed-action bombs 1183:Main wave of attacks 1085:Battle of Leyte Gulf 804:Battle of Leyte Gulf 714:Takeshi Kosai and a 555:(1942–1945) and the 30:For other uses, see 6719:1906 Badung puputan 6475:Wang Jingwei regime 6385:Potsdam Declaration 6376:Soviet–Japanese War 6331:Anti-Comintern Pact 6321:January 28 incident 6306:London Naval Treaty 6183:Triple Intervention 6012:Supreme War Council 5896:deliberative bodies 4927:Shidenkai No Rokuki 4275:Mainichi Daily News 3360:. 11 December 2015. 3137:Sonderkommando Elbe 3132:Shinpūren rebellion 3016:franchise, follows 2825:but located in the 2580:invented the term " 2578:US military leaders 2572:Cultural background 2334:Landing Ship Medium 2274:who specializes in 2106:Raymond A. Spruance 1856:Soviet–Japanese War 1772:and the battleship 1594:The peak period of 1588:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 1508:20 mm Oerlikon 1476:attacks during the 1309:Operation Tan No. 2 1161:(which had taken a 1093:Hiroyoshi Nishizawa 812:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 676:, in charge of the 584:Grumman F6F Hellcat 578:attack (early 1945) 557:New Guinea campaign 394:tokubetsu kōgekitai 285:(human torpedoes), 242:industrial capacity 109:[kamiꜜkaze] 6894:In popular culture 6754:Nazi Germany, 1945 6198:Russo-Japanese War 6168:Two Lords Incident 5823:Imperial Household 5121:King, Dan (2012). 4972:Kyo-no-wadai-sha. 4873:on 1 October 2007. 4710:. 7 September 2009 4629:. 11 February 2006 4627:The New York Times 4050:on 13 January 2020 3008:Gojira Mainasu Wan 3003:Godzilla Minus One 2990:based on the 2006 2939:Masami Takahashi, 2769: 2630: 2533:Irokawa Daikichi, 2422: 2373:-class minesweeper 2328:Landing Ship, Tank 2213: 2104:commander Admiral 2084:and were the only 2080:also both had the 1998: 1913: 1738: 1716: 1675:were both hit (in 1592: 1574: 1489: 1464:Late in 1944, the 1442:combat air patrols 1418: 1017: 995: 930:. The poem reads: 877: 845:Mabalacat Airfield 829:("Betty") and two 741: 670: 604:combat air patrols 588:Vought F4U Corsair 580: 563:(August 1942) and 486: 372:in 1274 and 1281. 352:poetry modifying " 326:The Japanese word 324: 303:Kamikaze (typhoon) 45: 7018:Japanese aviators 6955: 6954: 6832: 6831: 6664: 6663: 6636:Socialist thought 6584: 6583: 6523:Dutch East Indies 6485:Empire of Vietnam 6403: 6402: 6173:Satsuma Rebellion 6153:Meiji Restoration 6130: 6129: 5940: 5939: 5878:Greater East Asia 5764:Political parties 5719:Foreign relations 5465:on WW2History.com 5142:The Last Kamikaze 4968:Iwamoto Tetsuzō, 4884:Los Angeles Times 4683:Los Angeles Times 4192:The Last Kamikaze 4114:Bunker Hill CV-17 4001:Aircraft Carriers 3766:San Jose, Mindoro 3743:on 2 October 2009 3701:, Vol. XXVI No, 1 3411:978-94-6298-259-8 3112:Leonidas Squadron 2966:For Those We Love 2881:The Last Kamikaze 2877:Saigo no Tokkōtai 2831:Kikaishima Island 2727:. Pilots carried 2707:would wear their 2664:that an American 2584:" as part of the 2551:Waseda University 2205:aircraft dive at 1955:invaded Manchuria 1865:Battle of Shumshu 1708:Sakishima Islands 1695:Aircraft carrier 1600:Battle of Okinawa 1572:, 6 January 1945. 1517:5"/38 caliber gun 1512:40 mm Bofors 1478:Iwo Jima landings 1450:destroyer escorts 1268:Shinten Seiku Tai 1256:strategic bombing 1215:, 6 January 1945. 1204:is attacked by a 1021:invasion of Leyte 993:, 25 October 1944 538:executive officer 526:the US flagship, 172:military aviators 16:(Redirected from 7045: 6729:Dance of Zalongo 6709: 6708: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6626:Shinmin no Michi 6616:Internment camps 6528:French Indochina 6412: 6411: 6258:Taishō Democracy 6139: 6138: 6062:Japanese holdout 5949: 5948: 5873:Colonial Affairs 5807: 5806: 5734:Yokusan Sonendan 5640: 5632: 5624: 5608: 5607: 5534:Economic history 5493: 5486: 5479: 5470: 5469: 5447:Kamikaze Diaries 5429: 5406: 5387: 5368: 5339: 5320: 5301: 5279: 5228:Peattie, Mark R. 5210: 5191: 5164: 5155: 5136: 5117: 5100: 5088: 5077: 5050: 5049: 5043: 5035: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4997:. 20 April 2009. 4987: 4981: 4966: 4960: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4842: 4831: 4828: 4822: 4819: 4813: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4761: 4756: 4736: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4700: 4687: 4686: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4592: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4415: 4409: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4340: 4334: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4277:. 24 August 2022 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4201: 4195: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4172:. 4 October 2016 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4026: 4020: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3949: 3943: 3930: 3924: 3908: 3899: 3877: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3836: 3827: 3826: 3821:. Archived from 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3790:. Archived from 3784: 3778: 3775: 3769: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3728: 3715: 3708: 3702: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3664: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3639: 3626: 3620: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3592:Axell, pp. 40–41 3590: 3584: 3583: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3317: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3284: 3278: 3264: 3258: 3241: 3235: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3205: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3167: 3142:Suicide by pilot 3066: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3046: 3045: 2988:Takashi Yamazaki 2983:The Eternal Zero 2943:(Watertown, MA: 2922:Kōsaku Yamashita 2914:Ā Kessen Kōkūtai 2827:Satsuma Province 2586:Shinto Directive 2537: 2510: 2509:pilots' manual, 2439:Shigeru Fukudome 2435:Takijiro Ohnishi 2426:Motoharu Okamura 2420:("idiot bombs"). 2379:submarine chaser 2191:A crewman in an 2136:on his flagship 2063:lost 59 planes, 1835:-class destroyer 1807:Mitsubishi Ki-67 1755:Grumman Avengers 1563:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1434:big blue blanket 1274:, to defend the 1226: 1206:Mitsubishi Ki-51 1195: 1048:Emile Dechaineux 1040:Mitsubishi Ki-51 928:Motoori Norinaga 712:First Lieutenant 674:Motoharu Okamura 667: 561:Eastern Solomons 514:Battle of Midway 502:First Lieutenant 387:Mitsubishi Ki-15 289:speedboats, and 188:Pacific campaign 165: 163: 160: 157: 153: 152: 146: 136: 134: 131: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 106: 102: 101: 64: 55: 21: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7028:Suicide attacks 6958: 6957: 6956: 6951: 6946:Inspector Rishi 6889: 6864: 6828: 6807: 6700: 6695: 6665: 6660: 6646:Yasukuni Shrine 6580: 6557: 6499: 6453: 6399: 6351:Tripartite Pact 6346:Rape of Nanking 6282: 6268:Tapani incident 6212: 6188:Boxer Rebellion 6146: 6126: 6090: 6081: 6030: 6021: 5956: 5936: 5930:Representatives 5898: 5895: 5894:Legislative and 5887: 5853:Foreign Affairs 5816: 5813: 5798: 5697: 5676:Government Seal 5661:Rising Sun Flag 5644: 5638: 5630: 5622: 5609: 5600: 5502: 5500:Empire of Japan 5497: 5440:Kamikaze Images 5436: 5426: 5403: 5384: 5365: 5346: 5344:Further reading 5336: 5317: 5276: 5268:. NAL Caliber. 5215:Shattered Sword 5207: 5180: 5161:The Divine Wind 5152: 5133: 5097: 5074: 5058: 5053: 5037: 5036: 5024: 5020: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4967: 4963: 4950: 4946: 4937: 4933: 4925:Ikari Yoshiro, 4924: 4920: 4912:Watanabe Yoji, 4911: 4907: 4899:Henry Sakaida, 4898: 4894: 4882: 4878: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4843: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4769:Ohnuki-Tierney 4768: 4764: 4753: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4604: 4603: 4594: 4593: 4581: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4539:The Divine Wind 4535: 4531: 4526: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4424: 4422: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4393: 4391: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4331:Wayback Machine 4318: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4246: 4242: 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3383: 3369: 3365: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3334: 3318: 3314: 3305: 3301: 3285: 3281: 3265: 3261: 3242: 3238: 3230:David Powers, " 3229: 3225: 3218: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3155: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3050:Aviation portal 3048: 3043: 3041: 3038: 2954:(Harriman, NY: 2952:Wings of Defeat 2950:Risa Morimoto, 2912:in 1974 called 2910:Takijirō Ōnishi 2873: 2861:Tetsuzō Iwamoto 2606:Imperial family 2574: 2539: 2532: 2511: 2505:Excerpt from a 2504: 2496: 2474:Yomiuri Shimbun 2469:Tsuneo Watanabe 2407:Yokosuka MXY-7 2399: 2234:According to a 1982: 1561:is struck by a 1549: 1537:proximity fuzes 1396: 1365:Nakajima Ki-115 1343:Yokosuka MXY-7 1242: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1227: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1196: 1185: 1097:escort carriers 980: 971: 968: 966: 964: 962: 916:Unit Yamazakura 904:Unit Shikishima 853: 841:Takijirō Ōnishi 823:torpedo bombers 665: 651: 455: 450: 360:that dispersed 305: 299: 180:Empire of Japan 176:suicide attacks 161: 158: 155: 147: 132: 126: 123: 119: 116: 113: 104: 94: 87: 86: 85: 84: 67: 66: 65: 57: 56: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7051: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7008:Japan campaign 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6880: 6872: 6870: 6869:Dramatizations 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6855: 6848: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6793:Peoples Temple 6790: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6768: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6715: 6713: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6694: 6693: 6686: 6679: 6671: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6565: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6490:State of Burma 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6418: 6416: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6311:Musha Incident 6308: 6303: 6301:Jinan incident 6298: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6222: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6158:Beipu uprising 6155: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6122:Treaty Faction 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6052:Imperial Guard 6049: 6044: 6039: 6033: 6031: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5959: 5957: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5812:Administration 5810: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5442: 5435: 5434:External links 5432: 5431: 5430: 5425:978-1848842830 5424: 5407: 5402:978-1591142676 5401: 5388: 5383:978-0786446544 5382: 5369: 5364:978-0226620916 5363: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5335:978-1849083539 5334: 5321: 5315: 5302: 5280: 5274: 5259: 5257:978-0226619507 5242: 5240:978-1591146643 5225: 5223:978-1574889239 5211: 5206:978-4876022045 5205: 5197:Suicide Squads 5192: 5178: 5165: 5156: 5150: 5137: 5132:978-1468178807 5131: 5118: 5106:Air Enthusiast 5101: 5096:978-0831726713 5095: 5078: 5072: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5018: 5015:. 1 June 2007. 5000: 4982: 4961: 4944: 4931: 4918: 4905: 4892: 4876: 4852: 4832: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4792:978-0226620923 4791: 4771: 4762: 4752:978-0226619507 4751: 4721: 4688: 4670: 4659:on 11 May 2006 4640: 4614: 4605:|journal= 4580:978-1138677296 4579: 4553: 4544: 4529: 4517: 4490: 4481: 4459: 4437: 4410: 4379: 4357: 4335: 4324:Summary Report 4309: 4288: 4262: 4240: 4218: 4196: 4183: 4161: 4140: 4118: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4061: 4035: 4021: 4005: 3992: 3974: 3957:Patriots Point 3944: 3925: 3900: 3897:978-0743260800 3872: 3861:. navweaps.com 3849: 3828: 3805: 3779: 3777:Toland, p. 567 3770: 3754: 3716: 3703: 3678: 3665: 3649: 3640: 3621: 3603: 3601:Toland, p. 568 3594: 3585: 3567: 3555: 3538: 3536:, pp. 416–430. 3525: 3504: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3440: 3431: 3410: 3388: 3381: 3363: 3339: 3333:978-0582772328 3332: 3312: 3299: 3279: 3259: 3236: 3223: 3217:978-1849083539 3216: 3187: 3180: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3147:Suicide weapon 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3072:Aerial ramming 3068: 3067: 3053: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3032: 2999: 2979: 2969: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2925: 2903: 2901:Shinichi Chiba 2887:, directed by 2872: 2869: 2819:"Satsuma Fuji" 2761:Nakajima Ki-43 2757:Toshio Anazawa 2573: 2570: 2542:ready to die. 2524: 2502: 2495: 2492: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2344:one auxiliary 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2317: 2307: 2236:U.S. Air Force 1981: 1978: 1818:Kawasaki Ki-45 1616:merchant ships 1548: 1545: 1408:escort carrier 1395: 1392: 1321:Purpose-built 1280:Nakajima Ki-44 1266:Special Unit ( 1228: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1197: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1078:Mitsubishi G4M 979: 976: 959: 852: 849: 827:Mitsubishi G4M 759:Mitsubishi G4M 751:11th Air Fleet 747:Masafumi Arima 738:Masafumi Arima 650: 647: 534:Mitsubishi G4M 454: 451: 449: 446: 358:major typhoons 301:Main article: 298: 295: 281:(submarines), 78:Seizō Yasunori 69: 68: 59: 58: 50: 49: 48: 47: 46: 26: 18:Kamikaze pilot 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7050: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978:1945 in Japan 6976: 6974: 6973:1944 in Japan 6971: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6931:Stargate SG-1 6927: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837:Documentaries 6835: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6734:Heaven's Gate 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Burari deaths 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6692: 6687: 6685: 6680: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6601:Fukoku kyōhei 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6575: 6572: 6571: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458:Puppet states 6456: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6396: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117:Fleet Faction 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6097:General Staff 6095: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6084: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6037:General Staff 6035: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5990:military code 5989: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5950: 5947: 5943: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5920:Imperial Diet 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5910:Privy Council 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5890: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828:Home Ministry 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5671:Imperial Seal 5669: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5656:Flag of Japan 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5445:Excerpt from 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5379: 5376:. McFarland. 5375: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5337: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5172:. Macdonald. 5171: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5108:(81): 28–35. 5107: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4941: 4935: 4928: 4922: 4915: 4909: 4902: 4901:Genda's Blade 4896: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4848: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4827: 4818: 4809: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4775: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4734: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4680: 4674: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4610: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4548: 4540: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4506:on 5 May 2009 4505: 4501: 4494: 4485: 4469: 4463: 4447: 4441: 4434: 4420: 4414: 4407: 4403: 4389: 4383: 4367: 4361: 4345: 4339: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4314: 4298: 4292: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4251:(in Japanese) 4250: 4244: 4228: 4222: 4207:(in Japanese) 4206: 4200: 4193: 4187: 4171: 4165: 4150: 4144: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4092:, p. 292 4091: 4086: 4071: 4065: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4031: 4025: 4018: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3905: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3833: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3774: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3713: 3710:Ivan Morris, 3707: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3675: 3672:Ivan Morris, 3669: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3644: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3598: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3529: 3514: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3476: 3470:Axell, p. 44. 3467: 3451: 3444: 3435: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3343: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3316: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3244:John W. Dower 3240: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3203: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3181:9780850451634 3177: 3173: 3166: 3162: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3117:Human torpedo 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077:Banzai charge 3075: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3054: 3051: 3040: 3030: 3029:postwar Japan 3026: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2996:Naoki Hyakuta 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2956:New Day Films 2953: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2891:and starring 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2777:peer pressure 2774: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2508: 2501: 2490: 2488: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2403: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2359: 2358:Liberty ships 2355: 2353: 2352:Victory ships 2349: 2347: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Arleigh Burke 2127: 2126:Marc Mitscher 2123: 2119: 2118: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2096:The Japanese 2094: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1941:Vice Admiral 1939: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1783:Indefatigable 1778: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1629: 1626:were sunk by 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1553: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1529:anti-aircraft 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 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officially 129: 110: 100: 93: 92: 83: 79: 75: 72: 71:Kiyoshi Ogawa 63: 54: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6944: 6930: 6921: 6900: 6882: 6875: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6748: 6739:Igbo Landing 6698:Mass suicide 6589:Other topics 6425: 6263:Taishō Roman 6017:Conscription 6001: 5987: 5979: 5954:Armed Forces 5814:(ministries) 5714:Charter Oath 5709:Constitution 5591:State Shinto 5574:Essentialism 5524:Demographics 5446: 5411: 5392: 5373: 5354: 5325: 5307:World War II 5306: 5288: 5284:Toland, John 5264: 5248: 5231: 5214: 5196: 5169: 5160: 5141: 5122: 5105: 5084: 5063: 5056:Bibliography 5031: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4994: 4985: 4969: 4964: 4952: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4926: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4900: 4895: 4883: 4879: 4871:the original 4864: 4855: 4846: 4830:Axell, p. 41 4826: 4817: 4812:Axell, p. 36 4808: 4796:. 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Praeger. 4757:Extract at 4741:. pp. 4633:15 February 4510:21 December 4488:Willmott, . 4402:Bunker Hill 3883:Bunker Hill 3865:25 February 3657:Ivan Morris 3611:John Toland 3495:Proceedings 3250:pp. 1, 216 2968:in English) 2929:The Cockpit 2651:fairy tales 2594:nationalist 2397:Recruitment 2297:Ommaney Bay 2182:Bunker Hill 2138:Bunker Hill 2078:Bunker Hill 2065:Bunker Hill 2043:Bunker Hill 2006:Bunker Hill 1904:Bunker Hill 1854:during the 1669:Bunker Hill 1664:Bunker Hill 1620:battleships 1547:Final phase 1426:Thach Weave 1172:Kalinin Bay 1110:Fanshaw Bay 1004:horizontal 963:I would say 908:Unit Yamato 861:Yukio Araki 781:propagandas 639:Philippines 478:dive brakes 465:3 (Type 33 430:kun-reading 370:Kublai Khan 316:Kublai Khan 117:divine wind 82:Bunker Hill 6962:Categories 6939:Umi Yukaba 6395:Occupation 6218:Taishō era 6163:Boshin War 6007:War crimes 5803:Government 5779:Tonarigumi 5686:Privy Seal 5681:State Seal 5639:(Hirohito) 5564:Militarism 5519:Censorship 5328:. Osprey. 5316:0756605210 5275:0451214870 5247:. (2006). 5179:0356038564 5151:0275940675 5073:058277232X 4978:487565121X 4406:Enterprise 3456:18 January 3382:0091826381 3296:0394569350 3276:1565840143 3256:039450030X 3153:References 2916:(あゝ決戦航空隊, 2889:Junya Sato 2833:, east of 2823:Mount Fuji 2744:missions. 2715:death poem 2710:senninbari 2418:Baka Bombs 2201:watches a 2198:New Jersey 2174:Formidable 2142:Enterprise 2117:New Mexico 2090:Enterprise 2069:Enterprise 2048:Enterprise 1769:Victorious 1759:Formidable 1745:Formidable 1699:Formidable 1677:Franklin's 1608:destroyers 1558:Louisville 1446:destroyers 1422:John Thach 1177:Kitkun Bay 1103:Kitkun Bay 1029:HMAS 1012:Kitkun Bay 1006:stabilizer 965:That it is 946:yamazakura 942:Shikishima 920:death poem 912:Unit Asahi 888:Yukio Seki 851:First unit 649:Beginnings 602:-directed 565:Santa Cruz 453:Background 426:characters 418:on-reading 389:("Babs"). 105:pronounced 76:, 22, and 6596:Sonnō jōi 6548:Singapore 6533:Hong Kong 6495:Azad Hind 6470:Mengjiang 6465:Manchukuo 6439:Kantō-shū 6381:Surrender 6288:Shōwa era 6273:Truku War 6144:Meiji era 6112:Tokkeitai 6077:Kempeitai 5988:Senjinkun 5905:Daijō-kan 5868:Munitions 5749:Mokusatsu 5539:Education 5230:(2001). 5114:0143-5450 4866:The Hindu 4607:ignored ( 4597:cite book 4589:216150961 4474:30 August 4452:30 August 4425:30 August 4394:30 August 4372:30 August 4350:30 August 4302:7 October 4281:8 October 4255:7 October 4233:7 October 4227:"神州不滅特攻隊" 4211:7 October 4176:7 October 4154:7 October 4133:7 October 4090:オネール 1988 4075:7 October 4054:7 October 3819:rwebs.net 3747:15 August 3553:, p. 668. 3545:Peattie, 3518:30 August 3308:Man'yōshū 3087:Hachimaki 2879:(最後の特攻隊, 2666:submarine 2481:attacks: 2405:Japanese 2313:Callaghan 2311:USS 2302:USS 2295:USS 2288:USS 2276:kamikazes 2268:kamikazes 2256:Kamikazes 2252:Kamikazes 2238:webpage: 2225:kamikazes 2153:kamikazes 2134:kamikazes 2098:kamikazes 2059:the war. 2015:kamikazes 1967:broadcast 1932:kamikazes 1918:kamikazes 1909:kamikazes 1902:USS 1892:kamikazes 1888:kamikazes 1883:kamikazes 1879:Kamikazes 1847:biplane. 1840:Callaghan 1838:USS 1827:Dickerson 1825:USS 1794:. When a 1781:HMS 1774:HMS 1767:HMS 1743:HMS 1727:USS 1697:HMS 1662:USS 1632:USS 1581:USS 1556:USS 1543:attacks. 1430:kamikazes 1411:USS 1380:kamikazes 1323:kamikazes 1315:Devilfish 1313:USS 1294:USS 1246:USS 1199:USS 1144:USS 1140:kamikazes 1130:USS 1119:USS 1108:USS 1101:USS 1067:USS 1036:Aichi D3A 1031:Australia 1010:USS 1002:Starboard 991:kamikazes 880:Commander 873:Kagoshima 821:("Jill") 795:attack. 770:USS 724:USS 643:oilfields 621:USS 471:USS 275:kamikazes 265:code was 234:kamikazes 222:torpedoes 218:tai-atari 206:attacks. 174:who flew 6968:Kamikaze 6929:"Seth" ( 6812:Disputed 6803:Numantia 6766:Odaeyang 6749:Kamikaze 6574:Yen bloc 6562:Ideology 6553:Thailand 6422:Karafuto 6415:Colonies 6002:Kamikaze 5945:Military 5848:Treasury 5702:Policies 5693:Kimigayo 5614:Emperors 5581:Politics 5549:Eugenics 5507:Overview 5353:(2002). 5286:(1970). 5040:cite web 4663:11 March 4433:Franklin 4327:Archived 3999:Polmar, 3936:Archived 3917:Archived 3887:Kamikaze 3885:and the 3695:Archived 3691:The East 3632:Archived 3547:Sunburst 3350:Kamikaze 3036:See also 3025:Godzilla 3021:deserter 3018:kamikaze 3013:Godzilla 2934:kamikaze 2865:kamikaze 2853:kamikaze 2841:Kamikaze 2811:kamikaze 2800:kamikaze 2782:kamikaze 2773:kamikaze 2765:Hayabusa 2753:kamikaze 2742:kamikaze 2737:kamikaze 2705:kamikaze 2697:kamikaze 2693:kamikaze 2685:kamikaze 2681:kamikaze 2674:kamikaze 2670:Yasukuni 2655:kamikaze 2647:kamikaze 2643:kamikaze 2634:kamikaze 2618:Yasukuni 2566:hissatsu 2562:tokkōtai 2547:tokkōtai 2518:months. 2515:Tokkōtai 2507:kamikaze 2503:— 2494:Training 2479:kamikaze 2465:kamikaze 2453:kamikaze 2431:kamikaze 2414:kamikaze 2385:PT boats 2280:kamikaze 2244:Kamikaze 2217:kamikaze 2208:Intrepid 2203:kamikaze 2166:kamikaze 2146:kamikaze 2074:Franklin 2061:Franklin 2053:kamikaze 2039:Franklin 2035:Franklin 2030:Kamikaze 2026:kamikaze 2022:kamikaze 2010:kamikaze 2002:kamikaze 1994:kamikaze 1974:kamikaze 1959:kamikaze 1947:kamikaze 1936:kamikaze 1922:kamikaze 1873:kamikaze 1869:kamikaze 1852:Red Army 1833:Fletcher 1814:kamikaze 1803:kamikaze 1796:kamikaze 1788:kamikaze 1763:kamikaze 1750:kamikaze 1723:Kamikaze 1712:kamikaze 1706:off the 1704:kamikaze 1685:kamikaze 1681:kamikaze 1673:Franklin 1658:kamikaze 1650:kamikaze 1639:kamikaze 1628:kamikaze 1624:cruisers 1604:kamikaze 1596:kamikaze 1583:Missouri 1566:kamikaze 1541:kamikaze 1521:kamikaze 1504:kamikaze 1493:kamikaze 1474:kamikaze 1404:A6M Zero 1359:Bombs" ( 1353:kamikaze 1339:Yokosuka 1305:kamikaze 1296:Randolph 1235:Columbia 1231:kamikaze 1209:kamikaze 1201:Columbia 1163:kamikaze 1158:Suwannee 1146:Sangamon 1089:Kamikaze 1074:kamikaze 1060:kamikaze 1025:kamikaze 900:Kamikaze 892:kamikaze 793:kamikaze 777:Franklin 772:Franklin 755:kamikaze 716:sergeant 704:kamikaze 686:kamikaze 680:Base in 678:Tateyama 672:Captain 659:kamikaze 576:kamikaze 542:kamikaze 510:Taiatari 490:kamikaze 442:kamikaze 438:kamikaze 434:kun'yomi 402:tokkōtai 382:Kamikaze 329:kamikaze 312:Kamikaze 293:divers. 246:kamikaze 230:kamikaze 226:kamikaze 214:missiles 210:Kamikaze 204:kamikaze 200:kamikaze 196:warships 182:against 178:for the 91:Kamikaze 6798:Pilėnai 6135:History 6107:Marines 5744:Kokutai 5649:Symbols 5629:Taishō 5586:Statism 5529:Economy 5188:8142990 4959:, p. 34 4714:30 July 3967:22 June 3798:12 June 3737:Wartime 3565:: 9, 12 3425:8 April 3352:origin" 3290:p. 413 3270:p. 264 2964:(2007, 2958:, 2007) 2947:, 2008) 2796:Koreans 2729:prayers 2724:seppuku 2719:samurai 2662:torpedo 2610:Emperor 2500:skills. 2487:emperor 1980:Effects 1963:Emperor 1734:Newcomb 1729:Newcomb 1568:at the 1384:Tsurugi 1368:Tsurugi 1335:Kugisho 1264:Shinten 623:Indiana 616:Chiyoda 448:History 428:as the 422:on'yomi 416:is the 291:Fukuryu 267:loyalty 262:Bushido 257:samurai 151:神風特別攻撃隊 6923:Masada 6819:Masada 6759:Demmin 6744:Jauhar 6538:Malaya 6513:Borneo 6449:Taiwan 6444:Nan'yō 6434:Chōsen 6427:naichi 5637:Shōwa 5621:Meiji 5596:Kazoku 5544:System 5422: 5399: 5380: 5361: 5332: 5313: 5298:105915 5296: 5272: 5255: 5238: 5221: 5203: 5186: 5176: 5148: 5129: 5112: 5093: 5070: 4976: 4798:2 June 4789: 4749: 4587: 4577: 4190:Hoyt, 3895: 3619:p. 568 3418: 3408: 3379: 3330: 3294: 3274: 3254: 3214: 3178: 3006:(ゴジラ, 2804:Chiran 2763:-IIIa 2755:pilot 2735:. 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