315:) of Yogininagar (Delhi). But Piroza declared that she would either marry Viramade or die. Alauddin yielded to her demand, and sent his envoy to Jalore with a marriage proposal and a huge dowry that included the wealthy Gujarat province and 560 million of gold and silver coins. However, Viramade mocked Alauddin for trying to subjugate Jalore through a marital alliance rather than military might. He refused Alauddin's offer, declaring that his marriage to a Turkic woman would shame all the
362:
Furuzan then visited
Kanhadade's kingdom, where she was received with great respect, courtesy and hospitality. However, Viramade even refused to look at her, and she accepted this as her fate because of the sins she had committed in her sixth previous birth. She managed to secure the release of Shams
230:
appeared in
Kanhadade's dream, urging him to rescue the lingam, as Ulugh Khan's army passed through his kingdom. Kanhadade sent his spies to Gujarat, and learned that Ulugh Khan's army was one of the grandest armies ever, and had taken hundreds of thousands of Hindus as slaves. Kanhadade gathered all
182:
Alauddin agreed to
Madhava's plan and started planning an invasion of Gujarat. He sent envoys to all the kingdoms lying on the route connecting Delhi and Gujarat, requesting a safe passage for his army. Kanhadade of Jalore was the only king who refused to oblige to this request. He declared that
334:
Alaudin's first attack on Jalore was unsuccessful: Kanhadade's army captured the invading general Shams Khan and his wife, who was a sister of
Furuzan. Princess Furuzan then told Alauddin that Viramade was her husband in her previous births, and insisted that she could secure the release of the
398:
The poem contains authentic descriptions of the contemporary groups (such as
Rajputs, Brahmins and Muslims), beliefs, festivals, social life, weapons and war strategies. This makes it a work of great historical value. However, its narrative about Piroja's love for Viramade is purely imaginary.
326:
Upon receiving
Viramade's reply, Alauddin launched an invasion of Jalore. Kanhadade ordered the city of Jalore to be decorated so that Alauddin could see the grandeur and the might of his kingdom. The bastions of Jalore were decorated with silk sheets, the canopies were studded with jewels and
460:
This
Apabhramsa literature also, at first small and perhaps largely oral, continued to increase in volume till it formally assumed a new form commonly termed as old Marwari or Dingal. It does not differ much from the Gujarati of the present day as they both derived from a common source, the
382:
When
Viramade's head was presented before Furuzan in a plate, she remarked that earlier, Viramade had vowed not to even look at her face, but today, he would have to break his vow. However, the moment she came in front of Viramade's face, the head turned away. A sad Furuzan wept, and finally
461:
Apabhramsa. Due to their dose affinity, the romantic and heroic
Kanhada-de-Prabandha has been claimed equally by Gujaratis and Rajasthanis. By the end of the fifteenth century the old Marwari or Dingal assumed its independent status as a language.
295:
The narrative of the poem now moves from war to love: After a skirmish between the armies of Delhi and Jalore, Alauddin decided to march to Jalore. His daughter
Furuzan (also called Piroja or Sitai) told him that Kanhadade was the
379:. Princess Furuzan had sent her nurse Dada Sanavar to save Viramade, if possible, or alternatively, to bring his head as a relic. Dada Sanavar found Viramade's body, put his head in a basket of flowers, and brought it to Delhi.
331:. The royal palaces and temples were whitewashed and decorated with beautiful wall paintings. Music, dance and theatre events were organized in the city. When Alauddin reached Jalore, he marveled at the heavenly city.
275:
Alauddin then personally led an army that besieged Sivana. One day, the goddess Ashapuri appeared in Kanhadade's dream, and showed him the invaders' camp. There, Satala saw Alauddin in form of the god
206:
chief Batada, who was defeated. Karnade, the king of Gujarat, fled his capital, following which the Muslim invaders destroyed the city's temples and converted them into mosques. Ulugh Khan then sacked
179:. One day, Rao Karande humiliated his favorite minister Madhava, killed Madhava's brother Keshava, and abducted Madhava's wife. Madhava swore revenge and instigated Alauddin Khalji to invade Gujarat.
268:(Sivana): When Ulugh Khan's defeated army reached Delhi, Alauddin sent an army led by his generals Nahar Malik and Bhoja to invade Kanhadade's kingdom. The army besieged the fort of
347:
to usurp power from her husband, which made him deranged. Second, she had usurped the power after ordering killings of all the ministers. After Prithviraja's death at the hands of
335:
captives by telling Viramade about their relationship in their previous births. Furuzan then described their five previous births, in which she had committed
241:, Kanhadade and his brother Maladeo defeated the Muslims, recovered the Somnath lingam, and captured Ulugh Khan's nobles Sadullah Khan and Sih Malik.
343:, while she had been born as Padmavati. In this particular birth, she had committed two sins. First, she had killed a cow and conjured magical
283:, and therefore, decided not to strike a blow against him. Facing a certain defeat, the women of Sivana committed suicide by self-immolation (
359:(good deed), she had been born in Alauddin's royal family. However, because of her two sins, she had been born in a Turkic family.
160:
697:
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375:: Alauddin conquered Jalore using treachery in 1311. Kanhade died in the battle, and women of the fort commit suicide by
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747:
256:, Saivadi, and a newly built temple at Jalore. This act made the god Shiva present throughout Kanhadade's kingdom.
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Kānhaḍade Prabandha, India's Greatest Patriotic Saga of Medieval Times: Padmanābha's Epic Account of Kānhaḍade
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marched to Gujarat with a huge army. The only Rajput who offered him any resistance in Gujarat was the
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after her husband's death. She stated that in the sixth previous birth, Viramade had been born as
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because it would result in devastation of villages, enslavement of women, looting, and torture of
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the chiefs from the neighbouring principalities, and attacked the invaders (who are described as
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was the first modern scholar to write about this treatise. He noticed its manuscript in a
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272:, which was held by Satala. Satala defeated the invaders, killing Nahar Malik and Bhoja.
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714:
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The work was translated into English by V. S. Bhatnagar, a professor of History at the
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pearls, the towers were adorned with golden spires, and the city was lighted with
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Next, the poet describes how Kanhadade recovered the Somnath lingam: The goddess
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311:. Alauddin tried to dissuade her, offering to marry her to any Muslim prince (
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king of Visalnagar. Akahiraja is said to be a descendant of the poem's hero
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Kanhadade venerated the rescued lingam, and installed its five pieces at
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to grant him the ability to recount Kanhadade's story. He extolls the
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allowing the Delhi army to pass through his kingdom would be against
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Love's Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, 1379–1545
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Furuzan then expressed her desire to be married to Kanhadade's son
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The poem concludes with a genealogy of Viramade's descendants.
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India), Institute of Historical Studies (Kolkata (1979).
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dialect. The author was a court-poet of Akhairaja, the
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temple. Ulugh Khan returned to Delhi with the Somnath
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dialect. The book tells the story of Raval Kanhadade (
304:, and would kill him if he tried to invade Jalore.
668:Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections
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135:At the beginning of the text, Padmanabha invokes
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237:or demons). With the blessings of the goddess
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96:has been praised as the finest work in
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686:V. S. Bhatnagar (1991). "Foreword".
458:. Institute of Historical Studies.
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383:committed sati on the banks of the
373:Alauddin's final invasion of Jalore
222:Kanhadade's victory over Ulugh Khan
16:1455 book by Indian poet Padmanābha
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351:, Padmavati had committed sati in
147:lineage and their capital city of
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14:
784:
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198:Nevertheless, Alauddin's general
75:, Megalde, Ambaraja, and Khetsi.
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264:Padmanabha next describes the
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28:written in 1455, in a western
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402:
155:Ulugh Khan's raid of Gujarat
7:
643:. Oxford University Press.
291:Furuzan's love for Viramade
171:: Gujarat was ruled by the
10:
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371:Padmanabha then describes
319:and disgrace his ancestor
167:, the Muslim ruler of the
758:15th-century Indian books
748:History books about India
355:. Because of this act of
24:is a book by Indian poet
130:
125:University of Rajasthan
620:Chimanlal Trivedi 1997
102:Old Western Rajasthani
100:(literary form of the
78:The German Indologist
56:in 1455, in a western
773:Dingal language texts
768:Rajasthani literature
363:Khan and her sister.
738:History of Rajasthan
692:. Aditya Prakashan.
637:Aditya Behl (2012).
473:V. S. Bhatnagar 1991
440:V. S. Bhatnagar 1991
428:V. S. Bhatnagar 1991
763:Gujarati literature
716:Kanhadade Prabandha
671:. Sahitya Akademi.
487:, pp. 189–190.
367:Defeat of Kanhadade
161:conquest of Gujarat
94:Kanhadade Prabandha
54:Kanhadade Prabandha
21:Kānhaḍade Prabandha
733:History of Gujarat
663:K. Ayyappa Paniker
260:Invasion of Sivana
699:978-81-85179-54-4
678:978-81-260-0365-5
659:Chimanlal Trivedi
650:978-0-19-514670-7
298:tenth incarnation
118:Dasharatha Sharma
52:Padmanabha wrote
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169:Delhi Sultanate
165:Alauddin Khalji
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120:and K.B. Vyas.
110:Muni Jinavijaya
69:Raval Kanhadade
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48:Textual history
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743:Hindu texts
718:in Sanskrit
341:Prithviraja
300:of the god
177:Rao Karnade
86:library at
58:Apabhramsha
34:Kanhadadeva
30:Apabhramsha
753:1455 books
727:Categories
403:References
200:Ulugh Khan
127:, Jaipur.
71:, through
26:Padmanābha
193:Brahmanas
141:Sarasvati
40:ruler of
38:Chahamana
661:(1997).
309:Viramade
254:Abu hill
239:Ashapuri
73:Viramade
665:(ed.).
353:Ayodhya
246:Soratha
228:Parvati
208:Somnath
173:Baghela
163:by the
137:Ganesha
62:Chauhan
36:), the
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675:
647:
377:jauhar
302:Vishnu
285:jauhar
270:Sivana
250:Vagada
234:asuras
216:lingam
204:Modasa
185:dharma
149:Jalore
98:Dingal
88:Tharad
65:Rajput
42:Jalore
357:punya
281:Shiva
277:Rudra
212:Shiva
175:king
694:ISBN
673:ISBN
645:ISBN
337:sati
313:Khan
191:and
189:cows
139:and
131:Plot
84:Jain
104:or
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