405:
176:
1404:
In metaphor a word is objected on another one because of some similarity. In metaphoric expansion a word is used in different situations and environments due to one similar quality. The meaning of a word is expanded metaphorically in this word formation process. For example:
1362:
Reduplication is a very common process of word formation in
Kannauji. Most of the reduplicated forms are made by adjectival and nominal words. This is not a productive type of word formation process; instead it adds stylistic effect in conversation. For example:
1379:
Echo formation is a similar process to reduplication. In echo formation, a similar-sounding word is made from nominal and adjectival. There is no logic behind why this formation is done but it increases the stylistic effectiveness of conversation. For example:
1092:
In inflection a new word is formed from an old word by adding something in it. It is the most common process of word formation in
Kannauji. This process is category specific. The grammatical category of a word remains same even after inflection.
1027:
In semantic borrowing some concept from another language is taken into a language, but the words used to express that concept are made in the target language. In this type of borrowing concepts/words are localised. For example:
1061:
Coining is a less frequent and a less productive word formation process. In coining meaning of a word is extended up to an extent that it starts being used as a category. Here are some examples of coining.
1330:
In suppletion another relative form of a word is formed without any morpho-phonological similarities with the previous one. These forms do not relate morphologically or phonologically. For example:
1069:
was a product made by Dabur. After that, many other companies launched their similar products. The name of chyawanpra:sh became so popular that now every such product is known as chyawanpra:sh.
952:
Word formation processes of
Kannauji are more or less like of Hindi, but some processes of word formation of Kannauji are not found in Hindi. Here are the word formation processes of Kannaiji:
1297:
Here gurughantal is made by stringing guru and ghantal and the meaning referred by the stringed word is reflected by the words. Although it is not necessary in every condition. For example:
974:
Sometimes a word is not borrowed as it is. Some phonetic changes are made to it to match the properties of target language. The word is localised for ease of native speakers. For example:
1640:
1288:
In compounding two words are stringed together to form a new word. This process is a common word formation process. This type of formation process is used more by educated persons.
1645:
Dwivedi, P. &Kar, S. (2018). Phonology of
Kanauji. In Sharma, Ghanshyam (Eds.) Advances in Hindi Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (1). 189-220. Germany: Lincom Europa.
931:
Kannauji is a
Prodrop language. In such languages pronouns are dropped for the convenience of the speaker. (This feature includes pronouns of WH category, too.) For example,
1121:
In derivation, too, new words are formed by old words using affixes. This is a very common process like inflection. There are three types of affixation found in
Kannauji.
1308:
Conversion is a very productive but less frequent process of word formation. In this process a word starts being used as another word (having some similar properties).
1322:
Baura is an abstract noun. In the first sentence baura: is used as an abstract noun. After conversion it started being used as a verb also, as in the second sentence.
1075:
When
Vaidyanaath launched its digestive tablets it named them pachmo:la:. This product became so popular that afterwards all such products are known as pachmo:la:.
1413:
dama:d is a son-in-law . So sarka:r ko dama:d is used to refer a person who is favoured very much by government. Here is another example of metaphoric expansion-
1311:
In this process a word of some grammatical category starts being using as word of other grammatical category, too. Here are some examples of conversion.
1641:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pankaj_Dwivedi4/publication/308198142_Sociolinguistics_and_Phonology_of_Kanauji/links/57ea51bd08aed0a291332dc2.pdf
960:
In borrowing something from other language is taken directly into a language. It is a very common and very productive process of word formation.
2052:
1084:
In
Kannauji new words are formed by inflection old words, too. According to different properties this process is divided into two main types:
928:
There is no published grammar of
Kannauji till date, but some of the basic features of Kannauji, which can be observed easily, are as below:
1424:
Onomatopoeic words are supposed as absolute or original words. They sound like the actions and things they are related to. For example:
1388:
Here wasla, a similar-sounding word is formed after word tasla so it is an example of eco formation process. Some other examples are
830:
3888:
971:
In lexical borrowing a word is directly taken into a language from other language. Lexical borrowing is very common in
Kannauji.
1262:
Blending is the process in which parts of two words (which are already present in that language) are joined to make a new word.
1670:
3873:
248:
Kannauji has two dialects or variants of its own: Tirhari and Transitional Kannauji, which is between standard Kannauji and
1909:
3878:
1904:
899:
2045:
1899:
1625:
Dwivedi, P., & Kar, S. (2017). On documenting low resourced Indian languages insights from Kanauji speech corpus.
3578:
760:
579:
1947:
1924:
742:
2451:
2014:
892:
3230:
2268:
2038:
668:
3201:
3021:
2867:
2187:
2019:
784:
750:
93:
870:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
272:
whereas Western districts are Braj speaking. Kannauji is predominantly spoken around the historic town of
3764:
3732:
3588:
572:
1541:
415:
3298:
2009:
1919:
1663:
908:
558:
347:
234:
1110:
Here '–ini' is used to make a feminine form of the word ladka. Here is another example of inflection:
3737:
3438:
3412:
2851:
2735:
1561:
1185:
In this type of affixation an affix is inserted at the end of a word; this way a new word is formed.
793:
3633:
2397:
1727:
1630:
809:
661:
565:
320:
260:
Kannauji is not a standard dialect of Hindi and can be assumed to be the transitory phase between
1963:
647:
586:
223:
98:
78:
1499:
3841:
3710:
2986:
2780:
2607:
2135:
1968:
1835:
1812:
1764:
859:
515:
83:
3511:
3324:
2810:
2775:
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2602:
2115:
1994:
1931:
1656:
886:
838:
654:
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500:
332:
294:
289:
1989:
3799:
3774:
3643:
3613:
3470:
3250:
3240:
3050:
2629:
2061:
1862:
1830:
1742:
1712:
1635:
Dwivedi, P., & Kar, S. (September 2016). SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND PHONOLOGY OF KANAUJI. In
675:
524:
299:
88:
8:
3846:
3653:
3374:
3359:
3291:
3265:
3255:
3180:
2897:
2687:
2614:
2597:
2342:
2172:
1787:
1747:
1722:
1695:
728:
691:
602:
545:
467:
211:
195:
3658:
3571:
3536:
3308:
2826:
2564:
2254:
2182:
2177:
1690:
1354:‘ja:t’ is present participle for very ‘go’ whereas ‘gao:’ is the past participle form.
462:
351:
166:
3851:
3665:
3334:
3303:
3281:
3245:
3087:
3045:
2892:
2657:
2589:
2577:
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2407:
2387:
2309:
2234:
2151:
2084:
1891:
1782:
1528:
856:
776:
688:
640:
540:
487:
472:
336:
130:
3695:
3681:
1371:
Here ghare is formed following the word ghare so it is an example of reduplication.
3883:
3769:
3759:
3705:
3638:
3541:
3516:
3506:
3485:
3480:
3455:
3394:
3286:
3260:
3223:
3218:
3172:
3118:
3071:
3030:
2981:
2926:
2887:
2836:
2755:
2725:
2672:
2662:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2496:
2446:
2402:
2314:
2120:
2069:
1984:
1914:
1825:
1777:
1737:
1705:
1612:
1570:
482:
457:
452:
324:
304:
284:
51:
1232:
In this type of affixation an affix inserted somewhere in the middle of the word.
229:
Kannauji shares many structural and functional differences from other dialects of
3814:
3648:
3603:
3490:
3460:
3417:
3369:
3329:
3235:
3185:
3156:
3134:
3066:
2976:
2936:
2902:
2846:
2841:
2800:
2785:
2765:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2619:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2491:
2412:
2337:
2293:
2249:
2244:
2229:
2224:
2167:
2130:
2125:
1854:
1820:
1797:
494:
477:
316:
309:
269:
265:
249:
242:
70:
3824:
3566:
3475:
3407:
3402:
3384:
3364:
3151:
3144:
3113:
3007:
2955:
2795:
2790:
2745:
2720:
2712:
2667:
2637:
2582:
2458:
2367:
2332:
2324:
2288:
2239:
2105:
1999:
1700:
817:
123:
1459:
1169:
are prefixes here. New words are being formed by adding them to two old words
3867:
3809:
3465:
3379:
3354:
3139:
2481:
2382:
1872:
1732:
734:
599:
551:
207:
181:
1617:
1600:
1593:
1575:
1556:
3804:
2572:
2004:
1867:
150:
2882:
2697:
2203:
1772:
1113:
sangi + '-ini' = sangini (mate- male) (mate- female)
261:
238:
963:
On the lexical and semantic basis we can divide borrowing in two types:
404:
175:
2991:
2960:
2931:
2030:
1840:
1717:
1464:
340:
3781:
3690:
3670:
2362:
2357:
2089:
1802:
1129:
In this type of affixation an affix is inserted initially in a word.
346:
A distribution of the geographical area can be found in volume 9 of '
159:
143:
3819:
3561:
2912:
2377:
2372:
2352:
2110:
1877:
3753:
3624:
3097:
2831:
2347:
273:
219:
199:
1631:
https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Dialectologia/article/view/328489
226:. Kannauji has at least 9.5 million native speakers as of 2001.
3092:
2941:
2916:
2476:
2468:
2392:
2283:
2208:
1850:
1318:
baurane: kahe: hau: dadda: (Why are you behaving like a moron?)
380:
2907:
2805:
1679:
1513:
370:
328:
230:
215:
203:
41:
3608:
2921:
1254:(to make laugh)(causing people laugh by some other person)
277:
3700:
1648:
1243:(showing)(making something show by some other person)
222:
of Hindustani, whereas others consider it a separate
1431:
It is a sound made by friction of two heavy objects.
1506:
966:
3865:
1022:
2046:
1664:
1079:
357:The population of the region is 22,011,017.
255:
947:
214:, with a lexical similarity of 83–94% with
180:Area depicting Kannauji speaking region in
29:
2053:
2039:
1671:
1657:
1598:
1554:
268:. Eastern parts are heavily influenced by
174:
1637:International Conference on Hindi Studies
1616:
1594:http://www.sumania.com/lang/allindi4.html
1574:
2060:
1399:
315:In the non-Doabi areas, it is spoken in
16:Language spoken in Uttar Pradesh, india
3866:
1437:It sounds similar to firing something.
2034:
1652:
1601:"Kanauji of Kanpur: A Brief Overview"
1599:Dwivedi, Pankaj; Kar, Somdev (2016).
1557:"Kanauji of Kanpur: A Brief Overview"
1555:Dwivedi, Pankaj; Kar, Somdev (2016).
1419:
1416:shekhchil͜li: → gao ke shekhchil͜li:
1910:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
399:
1905:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
13:
1900:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
1627:Dialectologia: revista electrònica
1587:
1453:
1300:am͜ma aur dad͜da → am͜ma: dad͜da:
955:
363:Religion in Kannauj Region (2011)
276:in the following districts of the
237:it has been added as a variant of
14:
3900:
1374:
907:
898:
891:
837:
829:
808:
792:
783:
759:
749:
741:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
523:
514:
506:
499:
210:. Kannauji is closely related to
3756:(unknown further classification)
1357:
1315:wao: baura: hai (He is a moron)
403:
3889:Languages written in Devanagari
1948:Department of Official Language
1925:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
1251:hasa evo: + -va- → hasavaevo:
1240:dikh aevo: + -la- → dikhlaevo:
1104:ladka + '-ini' = ladkini
1548:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1283:
1265:choti: + bit͜ti: →chotit͜ti:
1116:
967:Lexical borrowing (loan words)
1:
1446:
1325:
1303:
1294:guru + ghantal = gurughantal
1195:dikha:na: + -aevo → dikhaevo
1107:(boy) (girl)
1087:
439:
3874:Central Indo-Aryan languages
1271:badi: + bit͜ti: →badit͜ti:
434:
7:
1500:"Kannauj Region Population"
1409:dama:d → sarka:r ko dama:d
1277:bade: + dad͜da: →badid͜da:
1257:
1203:rakhna: + -aevo → rakhaevo
1023:Semantic borrowing (calque)
218:. Some consider it to be a
10:
3905:
3879:Languages of Uttar Pradesh
1514:http://censusindia.gov.in/
1080:Word formation by addition
1056:
923:
348:Linguistic Survey of India
235:Linguistic Survey of India
3833:
3790:
3746:
3723:
3679:
3622:
3596:
3587:
3554:
3529:
3499:
3448:
3437:
3430:
3393:
3347:
3317:
3274:
3211:
3200:
3165:
3127:
3106:
3080:
3059:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3000:
2969:
2875:
2866:
2819:
2711:
2628:
2563:
2556:
2509:
2467:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2323:
2302:
2276:
2267:
2217:
2196:
2160:
2144:
2098:
2077:
2068:
1977:
1956:
1940:
1890:
1849:
1811:
1763:
1756:
1686:
1678:
1605:Acta Linguistica Asiatica
1562:Acta Linguistica Asiatica
1180:
1154:'par-' + dosh → pardo:sh
1124:
885:
816:
727:
539:
493:
449:
256:Geographical distribution
173:
157:
141:
136:
120:
67:
57:
47:
37:
30:
28:
23:
3634:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
1227:
948:Word formation processes
395:
1964:World Hindi Secretariat
1618:10.4312/ala.6.1.101-119
1576:10.4312/ala.6.1.101-119
1470:(subscription required)
1219:apna + -pan → apno:pan
1040:Adapted in Kannauji as
986:Adapted in Kannauji as
63:9.5 million (2001)
3842:Indo-Iranian languages
1969:World Hindi Conference
1941:National organizations
1920:Hindi–Urdu controversy
1139:'ap-' + jash → apjash
412:This section is empty.
224:Western Hindi language
3512:Maharashtrian Konkani
1995:Sahitya Akademi Award
1932:Punjabi Suba movement
1400:Metaphoric expansion-
445:Phonemes of Kannauji
3800:Andaman Creole Hindi
3231:Bishnupriya Manipuri
3051:Caribbean Hindustani
2062:Indo-Aryan languages
1957:Global organizations
1863:Andaman Creole Hindi
1831:Caribbean Hindustani
389: Others (1.34%)
3847:Nuristani languages
3579:Mitanni superstrate
2188:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
936:ka: tum huan jaiyo:
446:
319:, western parts of
196:Indo-Aryan language
3733:Proto-Indo-Iranian
3614:Early Ardhamagadhi
1502:. 4 November 2021.
1420:Onomatopoeic words
1158:(others) (defects)
444:
352:George A. Grierson
3861:
3860:
3852:Iranian languages
3719:
3718:
3639:Dramatic Prakrits
3550:
3549:
3525:
3524:
3426:
3425:
3343:
3342:
3299:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
3196:
3195:
3016:
3015:
2862:
2861:
2852:list of languages
2552:
2551:
2505:
2504:
2421:
2420:
2263:
2262:
2028:
2027:
1892:Language politics
1886:
1885:
1536:Missing or empty
1468:(18th ed., 2015)
1280:(big) (brother)
1224:
1208:
1200:
1159:
1144:
1054:
1053:
1020:
1019:
941:can also be said
921:
920:
862:
824:
779:
737:
694:
643:
605:
554:
432:
431:
278:Ganga-Yamuna Doab
189:
188:
3896:
3738:Proto-Indo-Aryan
3594:
3593:
3517:Canarese Konkani
3446:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3209:
3208:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3026:
2873:
2872:
2561:
2560:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2274:
2273:
2075:
2074:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2031:
1915:Hindi imposition
1761:
1760:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1622:
1620:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1351:- wao gao: hato
1222:
1206:
1198:
1157:
1143:(evil) (fame)
1142:
1031:
1030:
977:
976:
911:
902:
895:
872:
855:
841:
833:
822:
812:
796:
787:
775:
763:
753:
745:
733:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
687:
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
639:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
598:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
550:
527:
518:
510:
503:
447:
443:
427:
424:
414:You can help by
407:
400:
388:
378:
368:
178:
169:
153:
146:
126:
73:
33:
32:
21:
20:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3829:
3792:
3786:
3742:
3725:
3715:
3675:
3618:
3604:Ashokan Prakrit
3583:
3546:
3521:
3495:
3440:
3422:
3389:
3339:
3313:
3270:
3203:
3192:
3161:
3123:
3102:
3076:
3055:
3012:
2996:
2965:
2937:Hyderabadi Urdu
2858:
2815:
2707:
2624:
2548:
2501:
2492:Pahari-Pothwari
2463:
2417:
2398:Pahari Kinnauri
2319:
2298:
2259:
2225:Indus Kohistani
2218:Hazara Division
2213:
2192:
2156:
2140:
2094:
2064:
2059:
2029:
2024:
1973:
1952:
1936:
1882:
1845:
1807:
1752:
1682:
1677:
1629:, (19), 67-91.
1590:
1588:Further reading
1585:
1584:
1553:
1549:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1422:
1402:
1377:
1360:
1345:- ham ja:t hai
1328:
1306:
1286:
1274:(big) (girl)
1268:(small) (girl)
1260:
1230:
1183:
1127:
1119:
1090:
1082:
1059:
1025:
969:
958:
956:Borrowing words
950:
926:
544:
461:
442:
437:
428:
422:
419:
398:
393:
392:
391:
390:
386:
384:
376:
374:
366:
321:Lakhimpur Kheri
258:
185:
165:
149:
142:
127:
122:
116:
74:
71:Language family
69:
60:
59:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3762:
3757:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3443:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3215:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3033:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2583:Lisan ud-Dawat
2575:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2443:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Jnanpith Award
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1611:(1): 101–119.
1596:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1569:(1): 101–119.
1547:
1505:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1435:dhum-dhama:ko:
1432:
1421:
1418:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1376:
1375:Echo formation
1373:
1359:
1356:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1305:
1302:
1285:
1282:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1152:
1151:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
981:
968:
965:
957:
954:
949:
946:
939:
938:
925:
922:
919:
918:
916:
914:
912:
905:
903:
896:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
867:
865:
863:
852:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
834:
827:
825:
820:
814:
813:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
789:
780:
772:
771:
769:
767:
765:
756:
754:
747:
738:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
684:
683:
681:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
644:
636:
635:
633:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
595:
594:
592:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
537:
536:
534:
532:
529:
520:
511:
504:
497:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
455:
450:
441:
438:
436:
433:
430:
429:
410:
408:
397:
394:
385:
375:
365:
361:
360:
359:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
257:
254:
202:region of the
198:spoken in the
187:
186:
179:
171:
170:
163:
155:
154:
147:
139:
138:
137:Language codes
134:
133:
128:
124:Writing system
121:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
106:
77:
75:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Haflong Hindi
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3765:Chinali–Lahul
3763:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3722:
3712:
3711:Khasa Prakrit
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2987:Chhattisgarhi
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Rathwi Bareli
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Mahasu Pahari
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Haflong Hindi
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Chhattisgarhi
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Kinship terms
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1530:
1515:
1509:
1501:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1358:Reduplication
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:For example:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:For example:
1094:
1085:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:chyawanpra:sh
1065:
1064:
1063:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:
972:
964:
961:
953:
945:
944:
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
917:
915:
913:
910:
906:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
888:
884:
881:
879:
877:
875:
868:
866:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:
850:
848:
846:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
795:
790:
786:
781:
778:
774:
773:
770:
768:
766:
762:
757:
755:
752:
748:
744:
739:
736:
732:
730:
726:
723:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
693:
690:
686:
685:
682:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
656:
652:
649:
645:
642:
638:
637:
634:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
604:
601:
597:
596:
593:
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560:
556:
553:
549:
547:
542:
538:
535:
533:
530:
526:
521:
517:
512:
509:
505:
502:
498:
496:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
459:
456:
454:
451:
448:
426:
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
401:
382:
372:
364:
358:
355:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:districts in
326:
322:
318:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
233:, but in the
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Uttar Pradesh
205:
201:
197:
193:
183:
182:Uttar Pradesh
177:
172:
168:
164:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
145:
140:
135:
132:
129:
125:
119:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:Western Hindi
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:Indo-European
76:
72:
66:
62:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
27:
22:
19:
3805:Bombay Hindi
3747:Unclassified
3644:Ardhamagadhi
3471:Berar Deccan
3325:Chittagonian
3318:Chittagonian
2950:
2811:Vaagri Booli
2776:Pauri Bareli
2771:Palya Bareli
2736:Dhodia–Kukna
2426:Northwestern
2116:Kundal Shahi
2005:Hindi cinema
1868:Bombay Hindi
1792:
1636:
1626:
1608:
1604:
1566:
1560:
1550:
1538:|title=
1517:. Retrieved
1508:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1463:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1429:khatar-patar
1428:
1423:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1321:
1310:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1231:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1026:
973:
970:
962:
959:
951:
942:
940:
935:
930:
927:
420:
416:adding to it
411:
362:
356:
345:
333:Shahjahanpur
314:
295:Kanpur Nagar
290:Kanpur Dehat
259:
247:
228:
191:
190:
158:
103:
94:Central Zone
84:Indo-Iranian
18:
3793:and creoles
3775:Lahul Lohar
3654:Maharashtri
3251:Mal Paharia
3241:Kharia Thar
2883:Braj Bhasha
1441:satar-patar
1392:haldi-waldi
1384:tasla-wasla
1367:ghare-ghare
1284:Compounding
1117:Derivation-
1048:Computation
1045:Computation
980:Source word
943:huan jaiyo:
887:Approximant
300:Farrukhabad
262:Braj Bhasha
3868:Categories
3696:Apabhraṃśa
3682:Apabhraṃśa
3659:Shauraseni
3375:Bodo Parja
3360:Sambalpuri
3292:Goalpariya
3266:Tanchangya
3256:Noakhailla
3181:Bote-Darai
2992:Fiji Hindi
2961:Sadhukkadi
2932:Judeo-Urdu
2898:Hindustani
2688:Shekhawati
2630:Rajasthani
2615:Saurashtra
2343:Bhadarwahi
2173:Gawar-Bati
1985:Literature
1841:Fiji Hindi
1803:Sansi Boli
1788:Hindustani
1748:Hindustani
1718:Devanagari
1696:Declension
1519:4 November
1480:Ethnologue
1465:Ethnologue
1447:References
1326:Suppletion
1304:Conversion
1088:Inflection
1073:pachmo:la:
440:Consonants
341:Rohilkhand
212:Hindustani
131:Devanagari
89:Indo-Aryan
3782:Sheikhgal
3726:languages
3691:Abahattha
3671:Paishachi
3572:Classical
3537:Maldivian
3309:Surjapuri
3275:Kamarupic
3177:Kuswaric
3039:Bhojpuric
2827:Khandeshi
2363:Chambeali
2358:Bilaspuri
2255:Mankiyali
2183:Shumashti
2178:Nangalami
2090:Kishtwari
1757:Varieties
1743:Etymology
1713:Phonology
1199:(showing)
860:aspirated
735:voiceless
729:Fricative
692:aspirated
603:aspirated
600:voiceless
552:voiceless
546:Affricate
468:Retroflex
435:Phonology
423:July 2014
206:state of
160:Glottolog
144:ISO 639-3
3838:See also
3820:Nefamese
3815:Nagamese
3706:Kamarupi
3666:Gāndhārī
3623:Middle (
3562:Sanskrit
3500:Konkanic
3449:Marathic
3439:Marathi–
3431:Southern
3335:Rohingya
3304:Rangpuri
3282:Assamese
3246:Kurmukar
3224:dialects
3204:Kamarupa
3088:Maithili
3081:Maithili
3046:Bhojpuri
2951:Kannauji
2913:Hinglish
2893:Haryanvi
2658:Dhundari
2608:Wadiyara
2590:Jandavra
2578:Gujarati
2565:Gujarati
2487:Khetrani
2452:dialects
2408:Sirmauri
2388:Jaunsari
2378:Mandeali
2373:Pangwali
2353:Bhateali
2310:Garhwali
2269:Northern
2235:Chilisso
2111:Brokskat
2085:Kashmiri
2078:Kashmiri
1878:Hinglish
1793:Kannauji
1783:Haryanvi
1723:Numerals
1701:Pronouns
1529:cite web
1489:Kannauji
1460:Kannauji
1395:ata-wata
1258:Blending
1207:(keeping
1001:Solution
991:Computer
983:Language
463:Alveolar
383:(14.71%)
373:(83.95%)
337:Pilibhit
192:Kannauji
184:, India.
167:kana1281
104:Kannauji
24:Kannauji
3884:Kannauj
3791:Pidgins
3770:Chinali
3760:Bazigar
3754:Badeshi
3649:Magadhi
3625:Prakrit
3542:Sinhala
3530:Insular
3507:Konkani
3486:Katkari
3481:Phudagi
3461:Varhadi
3456:Marathi
3441:Konkani
3413:Bhunjia
3287:Kamrupi
3261:Sylheti
3219:Bengali
3212:Bengali
3173:Kumhali
3140:Kochila
3128:Tharuic
3119:Kurmali
3107:Sadanic
3098:Bajjika
3072:Khortha
3022:Eastern
2982:Bagheli
2970:Eastern
2927:Deccani
2903:Kauravi
2888:Bundeli
2876:Western
2868:Central
2837:Dawoodi
2832:Lambadi
2756:Bhilori
2726:Bhilali
2673:Marwari
2663:Harauti
2603:Parkari
2557:Western
2524:Kholosi
2519:Jadgali
2497:Saraiki
2447:Punjabi
2440:Eastern
2433:Punjabi
2403:Hinduri
2348:Churahi
2325:Western
2315:Kumaoni
2303:Central
2277:Eastern
2204:Kalasha
2197:Chitral
2152:Pashayi
2145:Pashayi
2121:Kalkoti
2015:Writers
1855:Creoles
1851:Pidgins
1826:Bagheli
1813:Eastern
1798:Kauravi
1778:Bundeli
1765:Western
1738:History
1733:Braille
1691:Grammar
1190:‘-aevo’
1057:Coining
1034:Concept
1014:English
1011:Problem
1004:English
994:English
924:Grammar
541:Plosive
488:Glottal
473:Palatal
325:Sitapur
305:Auraiya
285:Kannauj
274:Kannauj
220:dialect
200:Kannauj
52:Kannauj
31:कन्नौजी
3724:Proto-
3680:Late (
3589:Middle
3491:Kadodi
3418:Nahari
3395:Halbic
3370:Bhatri
3330:Chakma
3236:Hajong
3202:Gauda–
3186:Danwar
3166:Others
3157:Musasa
3093:Angika
3067:Magahi
3060:Magahi
3031:Bihari
3001:Others
2977:Awadhi
2942:Rekhta
2917:Urdish
2847:Romani
2842:Domari
2820:Others
2801:Vasavi
2786:Pardhi
2766:Magari
2761:Mawchi
2751:Bauria
2741:Dhanki
2731:Chodri
2703:Nimadi
2693:Dhatki
2683:Mewari
2678:Mewati
2653:Gujari
2648:Loarki
2643:Goaria
2620:Vaghri
2544:Sindhi
2539:Memoni
2534:Luwati
2529:Kutchi
2511:Sindhi
2477:Hindko
2469:Lahnda
2413:Sarazi
2393:Kullui
2338:Kangri
2294:Nepali
2284:Doteli
2250:Tirahi
2245:Kalami
2230:Bateri
2209:Khowar
2168:Dameli
2131:Palula
2126:Ushoji
2070:Dardic
1990:Awards
1821:Awadhi
1247:‘-va-’
1236:‘-la-’
1223:(self)
1214:‘-pan’
1181:Suffix
1175:‘dosh’
1171:‘jash’
1149:‘par-’
1125:Prefix
857:voiced
777:voiced
689:voiced
641:voiced
483:Uvular
458:Dental
453:Labial
387:
381:Muslim
379:
377:
369:
367:
317:Hardoi
310:Etawah
270:Awadhi
266:Awadhi
250:Awadhi
243:Awadhi
204:Indian
194:is an
48:Region
3825:Vedda
3597:Early
3567:Vedic
3476:Varli
3408:Kamar
3403:Halbi
3385:Kupia
3365:Desia
3152:Majhi
3145:Buksa
3135:Tharu
3114:Sadri
3008:Parya
2956:Sansi
2908:Hindi
2806:Wagdi
2796:Kalto
2791:Gamit
2746:Dubli
2721:Bhili
2668:Malvi
2638:Bagri
2598:Kachi
2594:Koli
2459:Sansi
2368:Gaddi
2333:Dogri
2289:Jumli
2240:Gowro
2161:Kunar
2106:Shina
2099:Shina
2020:Poets
2010:Music
1706:Verbs
1680:Hindi
1228:Infix
1167:‘par’
1134:‘ap-’
823:plain
495:Nasal
478:Velar
396:Works
371:Hindu
350:' by
329:Awadh
231:Hindi
216:Hindi
42:India
3609:Pāli
3466:Andh
3380:Reli
3355:Odia
3348:Odia
2922:Urdu
2713:Bhil
2482:Inku
2136:Sawi
1978:Arts
1853:and
1773:Braj
1542:help
1521:2021
1349:gao:
1343:ja:t
1338:gao:
1336:and
1334:ja:t
1173:and
1165:and
1163:‘ap’
1100:-ini
1037:Word
818:Flap
531:(ŋ)
335:and
331:and
323:and
264:and
241:and
239:Braj
3701:Elu
3555:Old
2573:Aer
1613:doi
1571:doi
1462:at
713:dʒʱ
703:d̪ʱ
624:tʃʰ
614:t̪ʰ
418:.
339:of
151:bjj
3870::
2698:Od
1639:.
1607:.
1603:.
1565:.
1559:.
1533::
1531:}}
1527:{{
1209:)
1177:.
873:)
871:ɽʱ
842:)
797:)
788:)
764:)
746:)
718:ɡʱ
708:ɖʱ
698:bʱ
669:dʒ
655:d̪
629:kʰ
619:ʈʰ
609:pʰ
580:tʃ
566:t̪
528:)
519:)
354:.
343:.
280::
252:.
245:.
3684:)
3627:)
2915:/
2054:e
2047:t
2040:v
1672:e
1665:t
1658:v
1621:.
1615::
1609:6
1579:.
1573::
1567:6
1544:)
1540:(
1523:.
909:j
900:l
893:ʋ
869:(
839:ɽ
836:(
831:ɾ
810:ɦ
794:z
791:(
785:v
782:(
761:ʃ
758:(
751:s
743:f
740:(
676:ɡ
662:ɖ
648:b
587:k
573:ʈ
559:p
543:/
525:ɲ
522:(
516:ɳ
513:(
508:n
501:m
460:/
425:)
421:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
