542:
809:
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754:— and body language), repetitive use of words or phrases, and lack of imaginative play skills. They also may respond only to very direct external social interaction from others. Specific behavioral impairments that may be exhibited by a person with LFA include adherence to nonfunctional rituals or routines, repetitive motor functions such as hand flapping or complex whole body movements, and restrictive or obsessive patterns of interest that are abnormal. Other symptoms may include preoccupation with sensory elements of play materials such as their odor, feel, or noise they generate.
875:(AAC) is used for autistic people who cannot communicate orally. People who have problems speaking may be taught to use other forms of communication, such as body language, computers, interactive devices, and pictures. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a commonly used form of augmentative and alternative communication with children and adults who cannot communicate well orally. People are taught how to link pictures and symbols to their feelings, desires and observation, and may be able to link sentences together with the vocabulary that they form.
43:
952:
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438:. Deficits in joint attention may be present — for example, they may look at a pointing hand instead of the object to which the hand is pointing. Autistic children may have difficulty with imaginative play and with developing symbols into language. It is also thought that autistic and non-autistic adults produce different facial expressions, and that these differences could contribute to bidirectional communication difficulties.
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430:, unusual gestures, diminished responsiveness, and vocal patterns that are not synchronized with the caregiver. In the second and third years, autistic children have less frequent and less diverse babbling, consonants, words, and word combinations; their gestures are less often integrated with words. Autistic children are less likely to make requests or share experiences, and are more likely to simply repeat others' words (
605:
children would also be required to exhibit six other symptoms from three macro-categories pertaining to qualitative impairment in social interactions, quantitative abnormalities in communication, and restricted/repetitive/stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. ICD-10 differentiates high functioning and low-functioning autistic people by diagnosing the additional code of intellectual disability.
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768:
97:
934:. ABA focuses on teaching adaptive behaviors like social skills, play skills, or communication skills and diminishing problematic behaviors like eloping or self-injury by creating a specialized plan that uses behavioral therapy techniques such as positive or negative reinforcement to encourage or discourage certain behaviors over-time.
418:
children prefer to be alone. Making and maintaining friendships often proves to be difficult for autistic people. For them, the quality of friendships, not the number of friends, predicts how lonely they feel. Functional friendships, such as those resulting in invitations to parties, may affect the quality of life more deeply.
954:
958:
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helps people with autism adapt to different kinds of sensory stimuli. Many with autism can be oversensitive to certain stimuli, such as lights or sounds, causing them to overreact. Others may not react to certain stimuli, such as someone speaking to them. Therapists will create a plan that focuses on
831:
The main goals when treating autistic children are to lessen associated deficits and family distress, and to increase quality of life and functional independence. In general, higher IQs are correlated with greater responsiveness to treatment and improved treatment outcomes. Services should be carried
604:
The ICD-10 criteria for childhood autism postulate that abnormal or impaired development is evident before the age of 3 in receptive or expressive language used in social communication, development of selective social attachments or reciprocal social interactions, or functional and symbolic play. The
379:
at a normal pace. It was said to be distinguished by a characteristic triad of symptoms: impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and repetitive behavior. Other aspects, such as atypical eating, are also common but are not essential for diagnosis. Individual symptoms of autism
1183:
provided a checklist for diagnosing autism. In May 2013, the DSM-5 was released, updating the classification for pervasive developmental disorders. The grouping of disorders, including PDD-NOS, autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and CDD, has been removed and replaced with the general term of
1171:
in a 1943 report. Almost all the characteristics described in Kanner's first paper on the subject, notably "autistic aloneness" and "insistence on sameness", are still regarded as typical of the autistic spectrum of disorders. Starting in the late 1960s, classic autism was established as a separate
388:
Autistic people have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Unusual social development becomes apparent early in childhood. Autistic infants show less attention to social stimuli, smile and look at others less often, and respond less to their
553:
The exact causes of autism are unknown, but it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development. Multiple studies have shown structural and functional atypicalities in the brains of autistic people. Experiments have been conducted to determine if the degree of
886:
can help those with autism who need to develop or improve communication skills. According to the organization Autism Speaks, "speech-language therapy is designed to coordinate the mechanics of speech with the meaning and social use of speech". People with low-functioning autism may not be able to
574:
VI and VII to measure brain atypicalities in children with low-functioning autism. The results suggested that the midbrain structures correlate with certain developmental behavioral aspects such as motivation, mnemonic, and learning processes, though there is more research needed to confirm this.
902:
helps autistic children and adults learn everyday skills that help them with daily tasks, such as personal hygiene and movement. These skills are then integrated into their home, school, and work environments. Therapists will oftentimes help people learn to adapt their environment to their skill
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has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing communication and adaptive functioning in preschool children; it is also well-established for improving the intellectual performance of that age group. It is not known whether treatment programs for children lead to significant improvements after the
417:
than neurotypical children, although this difference disappears in children with higher mental development or less pronounced autistic traits. Children with high-functioning autism have more intense and frequent loneliness compared to non-autistic peers, despite the common belief that autistic
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Globally, classic autism was understood to affect an estimated 24.8 million people as of 2015. After it was recognised as a distinct disorder, reports of autism cases substantially increased, which was largely attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, referral patterns, availability of
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abnormalities are found in over 90% of autistic people, and are considered core features by some, although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. An estimated 60–80% of autistic people have motor signs that include
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743:
Severe impairment of social skills can be seen in people with LFA. This could include a lack of eye contact, inadequate body language and a lack of emotional or physical response to others' behaviors and emotions. These social impairments can cause difficulty in relationships.
405:, and do not have the ability to use simple movements to express themselves, such as pointing at things. Three- to five-year-old autistic children are less likely to exhibit social understanding, approach others spontaneously, imitate and respond to emotions, communicate
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There are no medications specifically designed to treat autism. Medication is usually used for problems as a cause of autism, such as depression, anxiety, or behavioral problems. Medicines are usually used after other alternative forms of treatment have failed.
305:
in 1943. It is characterized by atypical and impaired development in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors, activities, and interests. These symptoms first appear in early childhood and persist throughout life.
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contexts, and many programs focus on success measures that lack predictive validity and real-world relevance. Some alternative treatments placed autistic individuals at risk. For example, in 2005, a five-year-old child with autism was killed by botched
371:. Autistic people may be severely impaired in some respects but average, or even superior, in others. Overt symptoms gradually begin after the age of six months and become established by age two or three years. Some autistic children experience
533:
It was presumed initially that there was a common cause at the genetic, cognitive, and neural levels for classic autism's characteristic triad of symptoms. However, over time, there was increasing evidence that autism was instead a complex and
641:
in its previous edition) followed suit a few years later. Classic autism was said to be characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, severely restricted interests, and highly repetitive behavior.
8684:
1131:(αὐτός, meaning "self"), and used it to mean morbid self-admiration, referring to "autistic withdrawal of the patient to his fantasies, against which any influence from outside becomes an intolerable disturbance". The word
467:: Time-consuming behaviors intended to reduce the anxiety that an individual feels compelled to perform repeatedly or according to rigid rules, such as placing objects in a specific order, checking things, or handwashing.
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programs and behavior therapy early in life often improves functioning and decreases symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors; claims that intervention by around age three years is crucial are not substantiated.
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Furthermore, many developmental processes may contribute to several types of brain atypicalities in autism; therefore, determining the link between such atypicalities and severity of autism proves difficult.
665:) was diagnosed when the criteria were not met for one of the other four PDDs. People would usually attract a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome rather than classic autism if they showed no substantial delay in
4183:
1042:. The percentage of autistic individuals who also met criteria for intellectual disability has been reported as anywhere from 25% to 70%, a wide variation illustrating the difficulty of assessing
1480:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
7898:
3666:
Howlin P (2003-02-01). "Outcome in High-Functioning Adults with Autism with and
Without Early Language Delays: Implications for the Differentiation Between Autism and Asperger Syndrome".
891:(SLP) may teach someone how to communicate more effectively with others or work on starting to develop speech patterns. The SLP will create a plan that focuses on what the child needs.
1731:
8547:
3039:
Elia, M; Ferri, R; Musumeci, S; Panerai, S; Bottitta, M; Scuderi, C (2000). "Clinical
Correlates of Brain Morphometric Features of Subjects With Low-Functioning Autistic Disorder".
991:
494:
Autistic individuals may have symptoms that are independent of the diagnosis. An estimated 0.5% to 10% of individuals with classic autism show unusual abilities, ranging from
486:
No single repetitive or self-injurious behavior seems to be specific to autism, but autism appears to have an elevated pattern of occurrence and severity of these behaviors.
1046:. In comparison, for PDD-NOS the association with intellectual disability was much weaker, and by definition, the diagnosis of Asperger's excluded intellectual disability.
4366:
Summers, Jane; Sharami, Ali; Cali, Stefanie; D'Mello, Chantelle; Kako, Milena; Palikucin-Reljin, Andjelka; Savage, Melissa; Shaw, Olivia; Lunsky, Yona (November 2017).
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Matson, Johnny; Hattier, Megan; Belva, Brian (January–March 2012). "Treating adaptive living skills of persons with autism using applied behavior analysis: A review".
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658:
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Eldevik S, Hastings RP, Hughes JC, Jahr E, Eikeseth S, Cross S (May 2009). "Meta-analysis of Early
Intensive Behavioral Intervention for children with autism".
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Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD (June 2014). "Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies".
812:
An autistic three-year-old points to fish in an aquarium, as part of an experiment on the effect of intensive shared-attention training on language development.
454:
Autistic individuals can display many forms of repetitive or restricted behavior, which the
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) categorizes as follows.
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For extremely low-functioning children with clinically estimated IQs of about 30 or under, autism with severe and profound levels of mental retardation/
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Rogers SJ, Ozonoff S (December 2005). "Annotation: what do we know about sensory dysfunction in autism? A critical review of the empirical evidence".
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Happé F, Ronald A (December 2008). "The 'fractionable autism triad': a review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research".
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Rutgers AH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van
Ijzendoorn MH, van Berckelaer-Onnes IA (September 2004). "Autism and attachment: a meta-analytic review".
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482:: Interests or fixations that are abnormal in theme or intensity of focus, such as preoccupation with a single television program, toy, or game.
4734:
1797:
7934:
3869:"Why do those with autism avoid eye contact? Imaging studies reveal overactivation of subcortical brain structures in response to direct gaze"
380:
occur in the general population and appear not to associate highly, without a sharp line separating pathologically severe from common traits.
8735:
2382:
8035:
2592:
Lam KS, Aman MG (May 2007). "The
Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised: independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders".
1741:
583:
8010:
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Howlin P, Magiati I, Charman T (January 2009). "Systematic review of early intensive behavioral interventions for children with autism".
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2694:
Bodfish JW, Symons FJ, Parker DE, Lewis MH (June 2000). "Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: comparisons to mental retardation".
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level. An occupational therapist will create a plan based on a person's needs and desires and work with them to achieve their set goals.
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This article is about the condition and diagnosis. For autism spectrum conditions not associated with a broader medical condition, see
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which, for various reasons, was not widely considered a separate diagnosis until 1981, although both are now considered part of ASD.
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4368:"Self-Injury in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: Exploring the Role of Reactivity to Pain and Sensory Input"
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about sources from autistic scholars, social activists, researchers, among others, would strengthen the bottom of this section.
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marked by difficulties with social communication and interaction, challenging behavior, and differences in social or emotional
1654:
Keating, Connor Tom; Hickman, Lydia; Leung, Joan; Monk, Ruth; Montgomery, Alicia; Heath, Hannah; Sowden, Sophie (2022-12-06).
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Volkmar FR, State M, Klin A (January 2009). "Autism and autism spectrum disorders: diagnostic issues for the coming decade".
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2099:
1962:
1773:
1305:
3944:
Seltzer MM, Shattuck P, Abbeduto L, Greenberg JS (2004). "Trajectory of development in adolescents and adults with autism".
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8135:
6206:
5750:
3618:
3132:
1060:. Although the DSM-IV ruled out the concurrent diagnosis of many other conditions along with autism, the full criteria for
582:, parental concern about a potential vaccine link with autism (and subsequent concern about ASD) has led to lower rates of
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9392:
8689:
7265:
6413:
5946:
5553:
5459:
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Ji N, Findling RL (March 2015). "An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents".
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Van
Bourgondien ME, Reichle NC, Schopler E (April 2003). "Effects of a model treatment approach on adults with autism".
8362:
6515:
6490:
6325:
6059:
4635:"Characterizing the Interplay Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comorbid Medical Conditions: An Integrative Review"
1656:"Autism-related language preferences of English -speaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation"
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Sameness: Resistance to change; for example, insisting that the furniture not be moved or refusing to be interrupted.
355:
After DSM-5/ICD-11 the term "autism" has become more commonly used in reference to the autism spectrum more broadly.
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children grow up, and the limited research on the effectiveness of adult residential programs shows mixed results.
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McBrien J, Murphy J, Gill D, Cronin M, O'Donovan C, Cafferkey MT (July 2003). "Measles outbreak in Dublin, 2000".
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17:
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The figure starkly illustrates an overall 787% increase in recorded incidence of autism diagnosis over 20 years.
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8258:
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7288:
7073:
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6227:
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Eikeseth S (2009). "Outcome of comprehensive psycho-educational interventions for young children with autism".
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2078:
Barger, Brian D.; Campbell, Jonathan M. (2014), Patel, Vinood B.; Preedy, Victor R.; Martin, Colin R. (eds.),
1043:
554:
brain atypicality yields any correlation to the severity of autism. One study done by Elia et al. (2000) used
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841:
2637:"Repetitive Restricted Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Mechanism to Development of Therapeutics"
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Wozniak, Robert H.; Leezenbaum, Nina B.; Northrup, Jessie B.; West, Kelsey L.; Iverson, Jana M. (Jan 2017).
1478:
Vos, Theo; et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury
Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).
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Although theories regarding vaccines lack convincing scientific evidence, are biologically implausible, and
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7812:
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7014:
6547:
6392:
2245:
Handbook of Autism and
Pervasive Developmental Disorders: Volume Two: Assessment, Interventions, and Policy
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203:
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were used, few are supported by scientific studies. Treatment approaches have little empirical support in
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Differences in communication may be present from the first year of life, and may include delayed onset of
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ICD-10: International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: Tenth Revision
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Rutter M (January 2005). "Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: changes over time and their meaning".
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1072:, and other of these conditions were often present. As a result, modern ASD allows for these diagnoses.
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whose symptoms first appear during infancy or childhood, and generally follows a steady course without
135:
4598:
Sigman M, Spence SJ, Wang AT (2006). "Autism from developmental and neuropsychological perspectives".
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1383:"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with high-functioning autism: a meta-analysis"
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Brambilla, P (2003). "Brain anatomy and development in autism: Review of structural MRI studies".
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Russell G, Stapley S, Newlove-Delgado T, Salmon A, White R, Warren F, et al. (August 2021).
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2537:"Facial Expression Production and Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Shifting Landscape"
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2383:"Quality of Life for People with Autism: Raising the Standard for Evaluating Successful Outcomes"
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
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4686:"Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders"
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Sigman M, Dijamco A, Gratier M, Rozga A (2004). "Early detection of core deficits in autism".
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No known medication relieves autism's core symptoms of social and communication impairments.
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The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
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3757:"State of the Field: Differentiating Intellectual Disability From Autism Spectrum Disorder"
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2080:"Developmental Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Implications for Clinical Outcomes"
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3564:"World Health Organisation updates classification of autism in the ICD-11 – Autism Europe"
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Reports of autism cases per 1,000 children rose considerably in the US from 1996 to 2007.
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476:: Unvarying pattern of daily activities, such as an unchanging menu or a dressing ritual.
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329:(2022). Globally, classic autism was estimated to affect 24.8 million people as of 2015.
64:
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Everybody Is Different: A Book for Young People Who Have Brothers or Sisters With Autism
4735:"Deaths resulting from hypocalcemia after administration of edetate disodium: 2003-2005"
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
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Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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shown in people with LFA include lack of communication (both oral communication — i.e.,
669:, but early language ability was found to be a poor predictor of outcomes in adulthood.
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Those who display symptoms for LFA usually have "impairments in all the three areas of
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share several signs with it, but were understood to potentially have unrelated causes;
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American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0)".
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1152:
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852:
837:
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563:
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such as the memorization of trivia to the extraordinarily rare talents of prodigious
410:
372:
188:
109:
6290:
5348:
4766:
4584:
3703:
3337:
3308:
Paul R (June 2009). "Parents ask: Am I risking autism if I vaccinate my children?".
3164:
3068:
3025:
2943:
2853:
2739:"The savant syndrome: an extraordinary condition. A synopsis: past, present, future"
2723:
2621:
2225:
2064:
1640:
9423:
8876:
8740:
8720:
8174:
8157:
7858:
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7194:
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6503:
6450:
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6377:
6365:
6279:
6064:
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5971:
5934:
5866:
5841:
5831:
5760:
5710:
5521:
5328:
5298:
5276:
5226:
5206:
5183:
5163:
5108:
5053:
4989:
4934:
4924:
4913:"Time trends in autism diagnosis over 20 years: a UK population-based cohort study"
4883:
4875:
4834:
4793:
4746:
4705:
4697:
4656:
4646:
4607:
4564:
4529:
4389:
4379:
4348:
4285:
4154:
4130:
4103:
4066:
4058:
4006:
3953:
3916:
3906:
3786:
3768:
3675:
3592:
3511:
3503:
3444:
3436:
3397:
3358:
3317:
3286:
3276:
3241:
3233:
3198:
3144:
3103:
3095:
3048:
3005:
2923:
2883:
2833:
2795:
2758:
2750:
2703:
2666:
2648:
2601:
2548:
2454:
2397:
2350:
2315:
2203:
2195:
2151:
2143:
2127:
2087:
2044:
2007:
1999:
1892:
1876:
1832:
1824:
1695:
1677:
1667:
1620:
1585:
1548:
1540:
1499:
1491:
1439:
1402:
1394:
1353:
1266:
1258:
1214:
971:
803:
751:
689:
behavior are also common symptoms. LFA is not a recognized diagnosis in either the
528:
435:
406:
345:
7323:
3973:
1589:
9585:
9547:
9521:
9206:
9103:
9073:
8859:
8730:
8617:
8572:
8443:
8298:
7893:
7782:
7631:
7370:
7328:
7199:
7186:
7133:
7128:
7111:
6991:
6786:
6758:
6559:
6382:
6321:
6274:
6044:
6004:
5876:
5673:
5475:
5244:(1938). "Das psychisch abnormale Kind" [The psychically abnormal child].
4839:
4822:
4472:
3911:
3281:
2091:
1865:"The Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Variability and Causal Complexity"
1443:
995:
927:
733:
678:
626:
567:
499:
245:
139:
7420:
3168:
1003:(which is not recommended for autism as risks outweigh any potential benefits).
816:
There is no known cure for autism, and very little research addressed long-term
27:
Former neurodevelopmental disorder now classified under autism spectrum disorder
9428:
9124:
8668:
8587:
8557:
8456:
8163:
8108:
7954:
7949:
7689:
7355:
7296:
7220:
7029:
6996:
6979:
6969:
6120:
6009:
5281:
5264:
4533:
4352:
3843:"Autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD): Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder"
3507:
3052:
2079:
1828:
821:
686:
571:
495:
225:
5535:
5524:
5486:
5438:
5167:
4798:
4785:
4701:
4568:
4062:
4010:
3679:
3539:
3321:
3203:
3186:
2837:
2707:
2653:
2605:
2553:
2536:
2048:
1972:
1783:
541:
413:
to their primary caregivers. Most autistic children displayed moderately less
9579:
9516:
9468:
9361:
9356:
9335:
9326:
9291:
9221:
9196:
9181:
9028:
8835:
8704:
8658:
8408:
8268:
7742:
7636:
7389:
7340:
6658:
6054:
6019:
5241:
5210:
5058:
5041:
5011:
4651:
4299:
4107:
3782:
3773:
3687:
3652:
3648:
3440:
2662:
2562:
2275:
1888:
1691:
1323:
1136:
1124:
1120:
1026:
services, age at diagnosis, and public awareness (particularly among women).
650:
461:: Repetitive movements, such as hand flapping, head rolling, or body rocking.
211:
5138:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
4384:
3817:
2035:
Stefanatos GA (December 2008). "Regression in autistic spectrum disorders".
1529:"Heritability of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of twin studies"
1247:"Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions"
601:
of classic autism was based on behavioral symptoms, not cause or mechanism.
9366:
9351:
9318:
8963:
8423:
8225:
8140:
7836:
7751:
7664:
7243:
7024:
6576:
5340:
5290:
5218:
5175:
5122:
5067:
4948:
4897:
4848:
4807:
4758:
4750:
4719:
4670:
4619:
4576:
4541:
4403:
4307:
4290:
4115:
4080:
4018:
3965:
3930:
3818:"What is Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorders?"
3800:
3695:
3604:
3525:
3458:
3409:
3372:
3329:
3300:
3255:
3212:
3156:
3117:
3060:
3017:
2935:
2897:
2845:
2807:
2772:
2754:
2715:
2680:
2613:
2570:
2468:
2443:"Early communication development and intervention for children with autism"
2409:
2362:
2327:
2217:
2165:
2056:
2021:
1906:
1846:
1763:
1709:
1632:
1597:
1562:
1513:
1451:
1416:
1398:
1367:
1358:
1341:
1280:
1228:
1116:
1017:
845:
352:, which although disproved, continues to hold sway in certain communities.
8768:
3625:(4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000.
2521:
2501:
1087:
473:
42:
9542:
9500:
9330:
9078:
9048:
8913:
8607:
8582:
8428:
7918:
7883:
7756:
7710:
7228:
6959:
6690:
6440:
5886:
5861:
5856:
5821:
5530:
5505:
5332:
3363:
3346:
1219:
1202:
1096:
559:
516:
402:
398:
394:
5571:
5421:
5197:
Kuhn R (September 2004). "Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology".
4939:
716:, which do not necessarily correlate with severe and profound levels of
9463:
9433:
9211:
9018:
8653:
7545:
7238:
7143:
6844:
6569:
6564:
6360:
5901:
5851:
5113:
5096:
5084:. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. p. 80.
4929:
4912:
4784:
James S, Stevenson SW, Silove N, Williams K (May 2015). James S (ed.).
3957:
2927:
2485:
2459:
2442:
2319:
1544:
1156:
737:
538:
disorder whose core aspects have distinct causes which often co-occur.
458:
302:
249:
236:
118:
114:
4176:"What Treatments are Available for Speech, Language and Motor Issues?"
3148:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2184:"The role of the neurobiologist in redefining the diagnosis of autism"
1765:
Autism: a new introduction to psychological theory and current debates
1682:
625:(PDDs). However, the PDDs were collapsed into the single diagnosis of
9473:
9261:
9201:
9129:
8998:
8935:
8908:
8893:
8433:
7939:
7832:
7498:
7430:
7248:
6707:
6445:
6370:
5896:
5516:
3492:"The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond"
2914:
Beaudet AL (May 2007). "Autism: highly heritable but not inherited".
1880:
1672:
1203:"Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life"
1180:
1104:
1065:
817:
508:
431:
5656:
9298:
9064:
8973:
8903:
8839:
8830:
7913:
7903:
7560:
7233:
6903:
6870:
6796:
5951:
5891:
4985:
4910:
3237:
3133:"Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent"
3099:
2980:
2888:
2871:
2003:
1179:
to differentiate autism from childhood schizophrenia. In 1987, the
1167:
in English to refer to classic autism when he introduced the label
590:
in some countries, and the preventable deaths of several children.
427:
5095:
Ozgen HM, Hop JW, Hox JJ, Beemer FA, van Engeland H (March 2010).
4917:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
4131:"Treatment and Intervention Services for Autism Spectrum Disorder"
3946:
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
3585:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
2788:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
2447:
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
2343:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
2298:
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
2267:
1533:
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
1315:
9552:
8871:
8548:
Freaks, Geeks, and Asperger Syndrome: A User Guide to Adolescence
512:
390:
156:
Social isolation, employment problems, stress, self-harm, suicide
5464:
5135:
3943:
3640:
767:
736:: reciprocal social interaction, communication, and restricted,
9526:
9271:
9226:
9191:
9068:
8983:
8945:
7603:
7591:
6951:
6766:
5696:
5433:
5372:
4475:; Volkmar, Fred R. (November 14, 2014). "Medicines for Autism".
4441:
4096:
American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
2508:
Kanner L (1968). "Autistic disturbances of affective contact".
1988:"What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy?"
1381:
Sukhodolsky DG, Bloch MH, Panza KE, Reichow B (November 2013).
634:
326:
314:
310:
4554:
146:, and presence of restricted interests and repetitive behavior
96:
7388:
6729:
5547:
4365:
3623:
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV
1957:(8th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson. p. 235.
1862:
867:
322:
4783:
4632:
1527:
Tick B, Bolton P, Happé F, Rutter M, Rijsdijk F (May 2016).
1380:
6902:
4272:
Myers, Scott M.; Johnson, Chris Plauché (1 November 2007).
4240:
Smith, M; Segal, J; Hutman, T. "Autism Spectrum Disorders".
3655:
on 29 October 2013 – via Centers for Disease Control.
3474:
Cellular and molecular biology of autism spectrum disorders
915:
the type of stimulation the person needs integration with.
4861:
4047:"Evidence-based comprehensive treatments for early autism"
1033:
were commonly seen in children with autism. They include:
649:
was closest to classic autism in signs and likely causes;
5665:
5042:"Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children"
4690:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
3986:
2543:. Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan: Part II.
2541:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
2535:
Keating, Connor Tom; Cook, Jennifer Louise (2020-07-01).
2295:
2242:
Volkmar FR, Paul R, Pelphrey KA, Rogers SJ, eds. (2014).
2241:
1297:
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis in Social Work Practice
545:
Deletion (1), duplication (2), and inversion (3) are all
9282:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
5792:
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
4972:
3038:
2693:
1099:
caught in 1798 who displayed possible symptoms of autism
375:
in their communication and social skills after reaching
8533:
Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger's Syndrome
8523:
The Accidental Teacher: Life Lessons from My Silent Son
7175:
4274:"Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders"
3387:
3265:"A broken trust: lessons from the vaccine--autism wars"
2962:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
1653:
1342:"Management of children with autism spectrum disorders"
1054:
are significantly increased in the autistic population.
450:
A young autistic boy who has arranged his toys in a row
340:, with genetic factors thought to heavily predominate.
5231:
The quote is a translation of Bleuler's 1910 original.
4732:
4633:
Tye C, Runicles AK, Whitehouse AJ, Alvares GA (2019).
3347:"The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists"
3187:"Immunizations and autism: a review of the literature"
2488:(1943). "Autistic disturbances of affective contact".
1575:
6320:
5097:"Minor physical anomalies in autism: a meta-analysis"
4862:
Gernsbacher MA, Dawson M, Goldsmith HH (April 2005).
4733:
Brown MJ, Willis T, Omalu B, Leiker R (August 2006).
4418:"Applied Behavioral Strategies - Getting to Know ABA"
3130:
1526:
588:
outbreaks of previously controlled childhood diseases
5411:
4864:"Three Reasons Not to Believe in an Autism Epidemic"
4093:
3222:"Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses"
3084:"Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses"
2872:"Time to give up on a single explanation for autism"
918:
409:, and take turns with others. However, they do form
5039:
4823:"Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders"
4170:
4168:
4051:
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
3989:
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
3812:
3810:
2248:. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:
1477:
974:'s code of practice on provision of autism services
926:(ABA) is considered the most effective therapy for
6338:
5140:. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 50–59.
4338:
4155:"Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)"
3619:"Diagnostic criteria for 299.00 Autistic Disorder"
1869:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
1044:intelligence of individuals on the autism spectrum
8634:The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
5094:
4322:"Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA): What is ABA?"
2869:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
1930:. World Health Organization. 2007. Archived from
1737:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
1300:. Oxford University Press, New York. p. 72.
685:. Sleep problems, aggression, stereotypical, and
9577:
6747:
5154:Wolff S (August 2004). "The history of autism".
4597:
4165:
3807:
3611:
3582:
3489:
3422:
3131:Godlee F, Smith J, Marcovitch H (January 2011).
820:for classic autism. Many autistic children lack
3716:
2819:
2817:
2380:
1918:
1916:
1768:. Francesca Happé ( ed.). Abingdon, Oxon.
1761:
7520:
4982:Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference
4786:"Chelation for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)"
3490:Rosen NE, Lord C, Volkmar FR (December 2021).
3344:
2113:
2086:, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 1473–1493,
2077:
906:
8784:
8736:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
8385:Maia Chung Autism and Disabilities Foundation
7576:
6306:
5681:
4557:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
4044:
3668:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
3496:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
3310:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2785:
2696:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2594:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
2480:
2478:
1293:
1244:
309:It was last recognized as a diagnosis in the
8241:
8095:
8036:Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative
4973:Dawson M, Mottron L, Gernsbacher MA (2008).
4271:
4239:
4159:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
2870:Happé F, Ronald A, Plomin R (October 2006).
2865:
2863:
2814:
2635:Tian, Junbin; Gao, Xuping; Yang, Li (2022).
1913:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1339:
677:Low-functioning autism (LFA) is a degree of
8798:
8011:Association for Science in Autism Treatment
4868:Current Directions in Psychological Science
4790:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4505:
4503:
4471:
3755:Thurm, Audrey; et al. (30 July 2019).
3219:
3184:
3081:
2823:
2634:
2534:
757:
193:Based on behavior and developmental history
104:Major brain structures implicated in autism
8791:
8777:
7583:
7569:
7210:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
6477:
6313:
6299:
6233:Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale
5688:
5674:
5156:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
4135:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3423:Baird G, Cass H, Slonims V (August 2003).
2909:
2907:
2475:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2237:
2235:
2034:
1796:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1429:
878:
873:Augmentative and alternative communication
868:Augmentative and alternative communication
95:
9309:Social (pragmatic) communication disorder
8294:Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee
5925:Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
5280:
5112:
5057:
4938:
4928:
4887:
4838:
4797:
4709:
4683:
4660:
4650:
4523:
4393:
4383:
4289:
4227:American Occupational Therapy Association
4223:"Occupational Therapy's Role with Autism"
4070:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4000:
3920:
3910:
3790:
3772:
3515:
3471:
3448:
3362:
3290:
3280:
3245:
3202:
3107:
2995:
2887:
2860:
2762:
2670:
2652:
2552:
2458:
2309:
2207:
2177:
2175:
2155:
2126:
2011:
1896:
1836:
1810:
1699:
1681:
1671:
1552:
1503:
1466:
1406:
1357:
1335:
1333:
1270:
1218:
1135:first took its modern sense in 1938 when
672:
621:'s diagnostic manual, as one of the five
9177:Basic interpersonal communicative skills
7473:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
7069:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
5930:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
5314:"Autism at 70--redrawing the boundaries"
5262:
5240:
5149:
5147:
4820:
4509:
4500:
3895:"Opening a window to the autistic brain"
3727:. Oxford University Press. p. 192.
3390:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
3175:
2736:
2436:
2434:
1924:"F84. Pervasive developmental disorders"
1240:
1238:
1086:
1062:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1016:
950:
807:
540:
445:
344:surrounded other proposed environmental
9244:
8379:Autistic Society of Trinidad and Tobago
8103:Center for Autism and Related Disorders
7960:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
6116:Multiple complex developmental disorder
5040:Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E (June 2001).
4612:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095210
3345:Poland GA, Jacobson RM (January 2011).
2913:
2904:
2591:
2369:
2232:
1294:Corcoran J, Walsh J (9 February 2006).
1194:
1123:in 1910 as he was defining symptoms of
992:alternative therapies and interventions
985:
894:
14:
9578:
6197:Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
4591:
4512:Research in Developmental Disabilities
4045:Rogers SJ, Vismara LA (January 2008).
4033:
3892:
3886:
3665:
3381:
2958:"Autism Spectrum Disorder: Fact Sheet"
2507:
2484:
2355:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00305.x
2181:
2172:
1985:
1813:"Autism: many genes, common pathways?"
1610:
1340:Myers SM, Johnson CP (November 2007).
1330:
1245:Chaste P, Leboyer M (September 2012).
441:
9243:
9165:
9039:High-context and low-context cultures
8810:
8772:
8746:Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
8504:
8312:National Database for Autism Research
8304:National Alliance for Autism Research
8202:
8031:National Alliance for Autism Research
7985:
7899:Relationship development intervention
7789:Picture exchange communication system
7727:
7564:
7519:
7387:
7322:
7174:
6901:
6746:
6656:
6476:
6337:
6294:
5669:
5311:
5153:
5144:
4442:National Institute of Mental Health.
4341:Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders
3754:
3485:
3483:
3262:
3220:Gerber JS, Offit PA (February 2009).
3082:Gerber JS, Offit PA (February 2009).
2440:
2431:
1952:
1858:
1856:
1235:
1200:
824:, future employment opportunities or
383:
332:Autism is caused by a combination of
9388:Computer processing of body language
9166:
8136:Eden II School for Autistic Children
7590:
6657:
5554:
5196:
5129:
4600:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
3307:
2381:Burgess AF, Gutstein SE (May 2007).
2148:10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.121225
1127:. He derived it from the Greek word
761:
549:that have been implicated in autism.
36:
9403:List of facial expression databases
9393:Emotion recognition in conversation
7176:Physiological and physical behavior
5947:Developmental coordination disorder
5321:The New England Journal of Medicine
4980:. In Byrne JH, Roediger HL (eds.).
4128:
3351:The New England Journal of Medicine
3185:Doja A, Roberts W (November 2006).
1207:Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology
727:
24:
8363:Autism Resource Centre (Singapore)
7122:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
6516:Emotional and behavioral disorders
4684:Levy SE, Hyman SL (October 2008).
3822:US Autism and Asperger Association
3480:
3010:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.06.001
2390:Child and Adolescent Mental Health
1853:
1625:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01779.x
1251:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
580:originated from a fraudulent study
358:
25:
9612:
9601:Pervasive developmental disorders
9287:Childhood disintegrative disorder
8401:
8308:National Council on Severe Autism
8203:
7302:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
6207:Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale
6025:Fetal valproate spectrum disorder
5797:Childhood disintegrative disorder
5366:
919:Applied behavioral analysis (ABA)
655:childhood disintegrative disorder
623:pervasive developmental disorders
608:
489:
8690:Ian's Walk: A Story about Autism
6602:X-linked intellectual disability
5777:Pervasive developmental disorder
5648:
5631:
5614:
5597:
5580:
5563:
5371:
4994:10.1016/B978-012370509-9.00152-2
4880:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00334.x
3597:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02010.x
3476:. Bentham e Books. pp. 4–5.
3402:10.1097/00006454-200307000-00002
2800:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01431.x
2402:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00432.x
2200:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00103.x
766:
619:American Psychiatric Association
562:area of the cerebrum, midbrain,
421:
41:
8603:Son-Rise: The Miracle Continues
8279:Daniel Jordan Fiddle Foundation
8153:New England Center for Children
6431:Intermittent explosive disorder
6356:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
5305:
5256:
5234:
5190:
5088:
5074:
5033:
4966:
4904:
4855:
4814:
4777:
4726:
4677:
4626:
4548:
4465:
4454:from the original on 2015-12-13
4435:
4424:from the original on 2015-10-07
4410:
4359:
4314:
4265:
4233:
4215:
4197:
4186:from the original on 2015-12-22
4147:
4122:
4087:
3980:
3937:
3861:
3835:
3748:
3710:
3659:
3576:
3556:
3532:
3465:
3416:
3124:
3075:
3032:
2950:
2779:
2730:
2687:
2628:
2585:
2528:
2334:
2289:
2071:
2028:
1979:
1946:
1804:
1755:
1724:
1647:
1604:
1263:10.31887/DCNS.2012.14.3/pchaste
1006:
887:communicate with spoken words.
8811:
8505:
8317:The Autism Community in Action
8259:Autistic Self Advocacy Network
7074:Dissociative identity disorder
6339:Adult personality and behavior
6228:Childhood Autism Spectrum Test
5269:Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
1569:
1520:
1423:
1374:
1287:
1143:adopted Bleuler's terminology
932:American Academy of Pediatrics
397:; for example, they have less
13:
1:
8071:Conditions and research areas
7879:Gluten-free, casein-free diet
7854:Auditory integration training
7728:
6202:Childhood Autism Rating Scale
6050:PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
5940:obsessive–compulsive disorder
5872:Pathological demand avoidance
5756:Societal and cultural aspects
5263:Fombonne E (September 2003).
4205:"Speech and Language Therapy"
2084:Comprehensive Guide to Autism
1811:Geschwind DH (October 2008).
1590:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085
1496:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1432:Current Opinion in Psychiatry
1187:
1151:. Asperger was investigating
1147:in a lecture in German about
937:
617:in the fourth edition of the
613:Classic autism was listed as
317:, and has been superseded by
8419:Autism Awareness Campaign UK
8249:Autism Network International
7965:Structured teaching (TEACCH)
7813:Cognitive behavioral therapy
7478:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
7015:Generalized anxiety disorder
6748:Neurological and symptomatic
6393:Sexual relationship disorder
5404:Resources in other libraries
4840:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203
3912:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020267
3282:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000114
3226:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3088:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2092:10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_84
1444:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132
1083:History of Asperger syndrome
979:Early, intensive ABA therapy
946:
889:Speech-language pathologists
593:
393:differ more strikingly from
363:Autism is a highly variable
299:neurodevelopmental condition
204:Reactive attachment disorder
7:
9304:Nonverbal learning disorder
8882:Speech-independent gestures
8855:Facial Action Coding System
7986:
7909:Sensory integration therapy
7254:REM sleep behavior disorder
6723:Seasonal affective disorder
6521:Separation anxiety disorder
6192:Autism Diagnostic Interview
5962:Sensory processing disorder
5827:Autism and LGBTQ identities
5312:Baker JP (September 2013).
1175:It took until 1980 for the
924:Applied behavioral analysis
912:Sensory integration therapy
907:Sensory integration therapy
659:PDD not otherwise specified
365:neurodevelopmental disorder
54:to comply with Knowledge's
10:
9617:
9044:Interpersonal relationship
8845:Body-to-body communication
8336:Domus Instituto de Autismo
8289:Interactive Autism Network
7795:Pivotal response treatment
7647:World Autism Awareness Day
7521:Symptoms and uncategorized
6622:developmental disabilities
6388:Sexual maturation disorder
6070:Tuberous sclerosis complex
6060:Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
6035:MECP2 duplication syndrome
6015:Cornelia de Lange syndrome
5967:Global developmental delay
5695:
5282:10.1177/070674370304800801
4534:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.02.003
4353:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.008
3508:10.1007/s10803-021-04904-1
3053:10.1177/088307380001500802
3041:Journal of Child Neurology
1829:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.016
1762:Fletcher-Watson S (2019).
1184:Autism Spectrum Disorder.
1141:Vienna University Hospital
1080:
1076:
1010:
862:
801:
724:is the most severe level.
556:magnetic resonance imaging
526:
29:
9535:
9509:
9449:
9442:
9416:
9380:
9344:
9317:
9254:
9250:
9239:
9172:
9161:
9117:
9094:
9057:
9009:
8944:
8823:
8819:
8806:
8713:
8695:Marcelo in the Real World
8677:
8626:
8515:
8511:
8500:
8475:
8452:
8439:National Autistic Society
8394:
8371:
8349:
8325:
8274:Centro Ponceño de Autismo
8264:Autism Society of America
8254:Autism Science Foundation
8234:
8213:
8209:
8198:
8121:
8088:
8066:
8049:
8026:Kennedy Krieger Institute
8021:Autism Science Foundation
8016:Autism Research Institute
8003:
7996:
7992:
7981:
7927:
7889:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
7874:Facilitated communication
7846:
7825:
7800:Positive behavior support
7773:Applied behavior analysis
7765:
7741:Psychotropic medication (
7740:
7736:
7723:
7719:
7698:
7670:Autism in popular culture
7655:
7624:
7599:
7526:
7515:
7491:
7483:Simple-type schizophrenia
7460:
7452:Schizophreniform disorder
7429:
7408:
7404:
7383:
7336:
7318:
7287:
7264:
7218:
7185:
7181:
7170:
7092:
7059:
7007:
6950:
6941:
6922:
6918:
6897:
6863:
6830:Mild cognitive impairment
6815:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
6795:
6757:
6753:
6742:
6713:Major depressive disorder
6666:
6652:
6618:Psychological development
6617:
6592:
6489:
6485:
6472:
6401:
6348:
6344:
6333:
6267:
6241:
6215:
6184:
6149:Facilitated communication
6139:
6083:
5990:22q11.2 deletion syndrome
5980:
5915:
5812:
5769:
5703:
5496:
5415:
5399:Resources in your library
5168:10.1007/s00787-004-0363-5
4799:10.1002/14651858.CD010766
4702:10.1016/j.chc.2008.06.004
4063:10.1080/15374410701817808
4011:10.1080/15374410902851739
3322:10.1007/s10803-009-0739-y
3204:10.1017/s031716710000528x
2838:10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8
2654:10.3389/fnins.2022.780407
2641:Frontiers in Neuroscience
2606:10.1007/s10803-006-0213-z
2554:10.1016/j.chc.2020.02.006
2182:London E (October 2007).
2136:Annual Review of Medicine
2049:10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y
1875:(1–2): 10.1002/wcs.1426.
928:autism spectrum disorders
748:Communication impairments
740:, repetitive behaviour".
522:
256:
235:
217:
197:
187:
183:and environmental factors
176:
168:
160:
150:
128:
108:
103:
94:
89:
9459:Behavioral communication
8563:Like Colour to the Blind
8169:Sunfield Children's Home
7807:Early Start Denver Model
7531:Impulse-control disorder
7447:Schizoaffective disorder
7442:Brief reactive psychosis
7139:Mass psychogenic illness
7102:Body dysmorphic disorder
6881:Post-concussion syndrome
6491:Emotional and behavioral
6223:Autism-spectrum quotient
6040:Neurofibromatosis type I
5265:"Modern views of autism"
5211:10.1177/0957154X04044603
5059:10.1001/jama.285.24.3093
4821:Fombonne E (June 2009).
4792:(Review) (5): CD010766.
4652:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00751
4444:"Medications for Autism"
3893:Powell K (August 2004).
3774:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00526
3441:10.1136/bmj.327.7413.488
2737:Treffert DA (May 2009).
1051:Minor physical anomalies
758:Prognosis and management
637:(which had listed it as
627:Autism Spectrum Disorder
547:chromosome abnormalities
377:developmental milestones
319:autism spectrum disorder
279:(early) infantile autism
67:may contain suggestions.
52:may need to be rewritten
9596:Communication disorders
8899:Interpersonal synchrony
8800:Nonverbal communication
8538:Autism's False Prophets
8483:Luke Priddis Foundation
8181:Western Autistic School
8041:Yale Child Study Center
7779:Discrete trial training
7468:Childhood schizophrenia
6820:Frontotemporal dementia
6777:High-functioning autism
6594:Intellectual disability
6154:Lancet MMR autism fraud
6096:Critical autism studies
5995:22q13 deletion syndrome
5957:Intellectual disability
5907:Emotional dysregulation
5804:High-functioning autism
4639:Frontiers in Psychiatry
4569:10.1023/A:1022931224934
4385:10.3390/brainsci7110140
3761:Frontiers in Psychiatry
3741:intellectual disability
3680:10.1023/A:1022270118899
2998:Brain Research Bulletin
2708:10.1023/A:1005596502855
1986:Rogers SJ (June 2009).
1201:Landa RJ (March 2008).
1039:Intellectual disability
884:Speech-language therapy
879:Speech-language therapy
718:intellectual disability
700:The term overlaps with
584:childhood immunizations
230:psychotropic medication
208:intellectual disability
144:nonverbal communication
9496:Monastic sign lexicons
9187:Emotional intelligence
8528:Animals in Translation
8221:Autism rights movement
8057:Autism Research Centre
7863:Judge Rotenberg Center
7818:Social skills training
7642:Communication Shutdown
6985:Specific social phobia
6876:Organic brain syndrome
6718:Melancholic depression
6479:Childhood and learning
6164:Rapid prompting method
6106:Double empathy problem
6091:Autism rights movement
4751:10.1542/peds.2006-0858
4488:Cite journal requires
4291:10.1542/peds.2007-2362
4253:Cite journal requires
4209:Autism Education Trust
4108:10.1352/2009.114:23-41
2826:Neuropsychology Review
2755:10.1098/rstb.2008.0326
2510:Acta Paedopsychiatrica
2490:Acta Paedopsychiatrica
2037:Neuropsychology Review
1399:10.1542/peds.2013-1193
1359:10.1542/peds.2007-2362
1169:early infantile autism
1161:Johns Hopkins Hospital
1100:
1022:
1013:Epidemiology of autism
975:
813:
777:is missing information
673:Low-functioning autism
661:(PDD-NOS; also called
550:
451:
199:Differential diagnosis
9486:Impression management
8381:(Trinidad and Tobago)
8131:Alpine Learning Group
7541:Psychomotor agitation
7331:and substance-related
7274:Postpartum depression
7154:Somatization disorder
7040:Acute stress reaction
6805:AIDS dementia complex
6249:Autism-related topics
5813:Associated conditions
5380:at Wikimedia Commons
5199:History of Psychiatry
3719:Gillberg, Christopher
3540:"ICD-10 Version:2016"
3472:Strunecká, A (2011).
3425:"Diagnosis of autism"
3181:Vaccines and autism:
2250:John Wiley & Sons
1111:(English translation
1090:
1081:Further information:
1020:
970:
851:Intensive, sustained
811:
633:'s diagnostic manual
544:
459:Stereotyped behaviors
449:
338:environmental factors
293:, or (formerly) just
252:(associated symptoms)
123:occupational medicine
9501:Verbal communication
9454:Animal communication
9372:Targeted advertising
8889:Haptic communication
8543:Extreme Love: Autism
8414:The Autism Directory
7945:Occupational therapy
7869:Chelation of mercury
7675:Fictional characters
7536:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
7366:Substance dependence
7279:Postpartum psychosis
6825:Huntington's disease
6607:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
6456:Personality disorder
6254:Fictional characters
5982:Associated syndromes
5333:10.1056/NEJMp1306380
5246:Wien Klin Wochenschr
5205:(59 Pt 3): 361–366.
5101:Molecular Psychiatry
4988:. pp. 759–772.
4975:"Learning in autism"
3364:10.1056/NEJMp1010594
3263:Gross L (May 2009).
3171:on 11 November 2013.
2132:"Advances in autism"
1740:. UK. Archived from
1490:(10053): 1545–1602.
1220:10.1038/ncpneuro0731
1145:autistic psychopaths
1115:) was coined by the
986:Alternative medicine
900:Occupational therapy
895:Occupational therapy
667:language development
480:Restricted interests
474:Ritualistic behavior
465:Compulsive behaviors
222:Occupational therapy
32:non-syndromic autism
9510:Non-verbal language
9398:Gesture recognition
9245:Further information
9135:Emotion recognition
9086:Silent service code
8726:Autism in Adulthood
8330:Centro Ann Sullivan
7416:Delusional disorder
7361:Stimulant psychosis
7351:Physical dependence
7205:Rumination syndrome
7107:Conversion disorder
7084:Psychogenic amnesia
6934:with depressed mood
6932:Adjustment disorder
6835:Parkinson's disease
6810:Alzheimer's disease
6703:Atypical depression
6539:Social functioning
6414:Munchausen syndrome
6409:Factitious disorder
6131:Violence and autism
5917:Comorbid conditions
2876:Nature Neuroscience
2749:(1522): 1351–1357.
1058:Preempted diagnoses
842:speech pathologists
513:poor motor planning
442:Repetitive behavior
415:attachment security
389:own name. Autistic
348:; for example, the
301:first described by
283:infantile psychosis
260:24.8 million (2015)
164:By age two or three
9536:Art and literature
9491:Meta-communication
9479:Passive-aggressive
9408:Sentiment analysis
9109:Non-verbal leakage
8700:Rage: A Love Story
8678:For younger people
8664:The Winter Journey
8598:Somebody Somewhere
8568:Look Me in the Eye
8553:In a Different Key
8463:Aspies For Freedom
7680:Films about autism
7435:schizophrenia-like
7079:Dissociative fugue
6528:Movement disorders
6030:Fragile X syndrome
5837:Autistic catatonia
5497:External resources
5114:10.1038/mp.2008.75
4930:10.1111/jcpp.13505
4827:Pediatric Research
4326:Autism partnership
4129:CDC (2022-03-09).
3958:10.1002/mrdd.20038
2928:10.1038/nm0507-534
2460:10.1002/mrdd.20134
2419:on 3 December 2013
2320:10.1002/mrdd.20046
1545:10.1111/jcpp.12499
1393:(5): e1341–e1350.
1101:
1023:
976:
826:self-determination
814:
551:
452:
384:Social development
350:vaccine hypothesis
136:social interaction
9573:
9572:
9569:
9568:
9565:
9564:
9561:
9560:
9267:Asperger syndrome
9235:
9234:
9217:Social competence
9157:
9156:
9153:
9152:
8959:Emotional prosody
8865:Subtle expression
8850:Facial expression
8766:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8593:The Reason I Jump
8496:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8471:
8470:
8357:Action for Autism
8345:
8344:
8284:Generation Rescue
8194:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8147:Exceptional Minds
8117:
8116:
8084:
8083:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7685:Circle of Friends
7558:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7511:
7510:
7507:
7506:
7379:
7378:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7055:
7054:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6850:Vascular dementia
6772:Asperger syndrome
6738:
6737:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6582:Tourette syndrome
6468:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6288:
6287:
6185:Diagnostic scales
6075:Williams syndrome
6000:Angelman syndrome
5882:Special interests
5847:Autistic meltdown
5787:Asperger syndrome
5545:
5544:
5385:Library resources
5376:Media related to
5327:(12): 1089–1091.
5052:(24): 3093–3099.
5003:978-0-12-370504-4
4696:(4): 803–20, ix.
3734:978-0-19-999629-2
3632:978-0-89042-025-6
3502:(12): 4253–4270.
3435:(7413): 488–493.
3149:10.1136/bmj.c7452
2882:(10): 1218–1220.
2794:(12): 1255–1268.
2259:978-1-118-28220-5
2101:978-1-4614-4788-7
1964:978-0-205-03099-6
1953:Pinel JP (2011).
1775:978-1-315-10169-9
1584:(29): 3623–3629.
1307:978-0-19-516830-3
1153:Asperger syndrome
1093:Victor of Aveyron
1070:Tourette syndrome
1001:chelation therapy
968:
853:special education
838:special education
834:behavior analysts
800:
799:
647:Asperger syndrome
629:in 2013, and the
615:autistic disorder
564:cerebellar vermis
291:Kanner's syndrome
275:autistic disorder
264:
263:
189:Diagnostic method
84:Medical condition
82:
81:
56:quality standards
16:(Redirected from
9608:
9591:1910s neologisms
9447:
9446:
9424:Ray Birdwhistell
9252:
9251:
9241:
9240:
9167:Broader concepts
9163:
9162:
9140:First impression
8821:
8820:
8808:
8807:
8793:
8786:
8779:
8770:
8769:
8741:Molecular Autism
8578:My Autobiography
8513:
8512:
8502:
8501:
8399:
8398:
8239:
8238:
8211:
8210:
8200:
8199:
8175:TreeHouse School
8158:Pathlight School
8093:
8092:
8001:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7983:
7982:
7859:Aversion therapy
7738:
7737:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7720:
7706:Sensory friendly
7585:
7578:
7571:
7562:
7561:
7517:
7516:
7406:
7405:
7385:
7384:
7320:
7319:
7195:Anorexia nervosa
7183:
7182:
7172:
7171:
7149:Psychogenic pain
7117:Globus pharyngis
6965:Childhood phobia
6948:
6947:
6920:
6919:
6899:
6898:
6755:
6754:
6744:
6743:
6654:
6653:
6553:Selective mutism
6504:Conduct disorder
6487:
6486:
6474:
6473:
6451:Trichotillomania
6426:Gender dysphoria
6421:Fear of intimacy
6378:Sexual anhedonia
6346:
6345:
6335:
6334:
6322:Mental disorders
6315:
6308:
6301:
6292:
6291:
6280:Sensory friendly
6216:Screening scales
6065:Timothy syndrome
5972:Verbal Dyspraxia
5935:Anxiety disorder
5867:Nonverbal autism
5842:Autistic masking
5832:Autistic burnout
5690:
5683:
5676:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5627:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5610:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5593:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5556:
5413:
5412:
5375:
5360:
5359:
5358:on 7 March 2019.
5357:
5351:. Archived from
5318:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5284:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5151:
5142:
5141:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5116:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5014:. Archived from
4979:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4942:
4932:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4773:on 27 July 2009.
4769:. Archived from
4745:(2): e534–e536.
4730:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4664:
4654:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4527:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4387:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4293:
4284:(5): 1162–1182.
4269:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4042:
4031:
4030:
4004:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3776:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3651:. Archived from
3615:
3609:
3608:
3591:(1–2): 108–115.
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3452:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3366:
3341:
3304:
3294:
3284:
3259:
3249:
3216:
3206:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3167:. Archived from
3128:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3036:
3030:
3029:
2993:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2964:. Archived from
2954:
2948:
2947:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2674:
2656:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2556:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2505:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2441:Landa R (2007).
2438:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2418:
2412:. Archived from
2387:
2378:
2367:
2366:
2349:(6): 1123–1134.
2338:
2332:
2331:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2211:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2159:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2015:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:on 21 April 2013
1920:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1881:10.1002/wcs.1426
1860:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1685:
1675:
1673:10.1002/aur.2864
1651:
1645:
1644:
1613:Acta Paediatrica
1608:
1602:
1601:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1475:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1352:(5): 1162–1182.
1337:
1328:
1327:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1198:
1149:child psychology
1031:other conditions
972:Welsh Government
969:
804:Autism therapies
795:
792:
786:
770:
762:
752:nonverbal autism
728:Characterization
708:, as opposed to
639:childhood autism
536:highly heritable
529:Causes of autism
509:poor muscle tone
500:autistic savants
436:reverse pronouns
271:childhood autism
269:, also known as
99:
87:
86:
77:
74:
68:
45:
37:
21:
9616:
9615:
9611:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9576:
9575:
9574:
9557:
9548:Mimoplastic art
9531:
9522:Tactile signing
9505:
9438:
9412:
9376:
9340:
9313:
9246:
9231:
9207:Social behavior
9168:
9149:
9113:
9104:Microexpression
9090:
9074:One-bit message
9053:
9005:
8940:
8860:Microexpression
8815:
8802:
8797:
8767:
8750:
8731:Autism Research
8709:
8673:
8622:
8618:Unstrange Minds
8573:Mother Warriors
8507:
8488:
8467:
8448:
8390:
8367:
8341:
8321:
8299:LENA Foundation
8230:
8205:
8186:
8113:
8080:
8062:
8045:
7988:
7969:
7935:ADHD medication
7923:
7894:Holding therapy
7842:
7821:
7761:
7732:
7715:
7694:
7651:
7632:Autism-friendly
7620:
7595:
7589:
7559:
7550:
7522:
7503:
7487:
7456:
7434:
7425:
7400:
7375:
7332:
7329:substance abuse
7306:
7283:
7260:
7214:
7200:Bulimia nervosa
7177:
7158:
7134:Hypochondriasis
7129:False pregnancy
7112:Ganser syndrome
7094:Somatic symptom
7088:
7051:
7003:
6992:Specific phobia
6937:
6914:
6885:
6859:
6791:
6787:Savant syndrome
6759:Autism spectrum
6749:
6734:
6662:
6640:
6619:
6613:
6588:
6481:
6460:
6436:Dermatillomania
6397:
6383:Sexual anorexia
6340:
6329:
6319:
6289:
6284:
6275:Autism-friendly
6263:
6237:
6211:
6180:
6135:
6079:
6045:Noonan syndrome
6005:CHARGE syndrome
5976:
5911:
5877:Savant syndrome
5814:
5808:
5765:
5746:Pathophysiology
5699:
5694:
5664:
5654:
5649:
5647:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5613:
5603:
5598:
5596:
5586:
5581:
5579:
5575:from Wiktionary
5569:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5555:sister projects
5552:at Knowledge's
5546:
5541:
5540:
5536:Autism overview
5492:
5491:
5424:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5369:
5364:
5363:
5355:
5316:
5310:
5306:
5261:
5257:
5239:
5235:
5195:
5191:
5152:
5145:
5134:
5130:
5093:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5021:on 3 March 2012
5018:
5004:
4984:. Vol. 2.
4977:
4971:
4967:
4909:
4905:
4860:
4856:
4819:
4815:
4782:
4778:
4731:
4727:
4682:
4678:
4631:
4627:
4596:
4592:
4553:
4549:
4525:10.1.1.615.3336
4508:
4501:
4489:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4466:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4436:
4427:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4364:
4360:
4337:
4333:
4328:. 16 June 2011.
4320:
4319:
4315:
4270:
4266:
4254:
4252:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4189:
4187:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4123:
4092:
4088:
4043:
4034:
4002:10.1.1.607.9620
3985:
3981:
3942:
3938:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3849:. 29 April 2020
3841:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3753:
3749:
3735:
3717:Coleman, Mary;
3715:
3711:
3664:
3660:
3633:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3548:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3488:
3481:
3470:
3466:
3421:
3417:
3386:
3382:
3275:(5): e1000114.
3180:
3176:
3129:
3125:
3080:
3076:
3037:
3033:
2994:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2916:Nature Medicine
2912:
2905:
2868:
2861:
2822:
2815:
2784:
2780:
2735:
2731:
2692:
2688:
2633:
2629:
2590:
2586:
2533:
2529:
2483:
2476:
2439:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2339:
2335:
2311:10.1.1.492.9930
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2260:
2252:. p. 301.
2240:
2233:
2188:Brain Pathology
2180:
2173:
2125:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2076:
2072:
2033:
2029:
1992:Autism Research
1984:
1980:
1965:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1861:
1854:
1809:
1805:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1660:Autism Research
1652:
1648:
1609:
1605:
1574:
1570:
1525:
1521:
1476:
1467:
1428:
1424:
1379:
1375:
1338:
1331:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1243:
1236:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1085:
1079:
1015:
1009:
996:quality-of-life
988:
951:
949:
940:
921:
909:
897:
881:
870:
865:
844:, and licensed
806:
796:
790:
787:
780:
771:
760:
734:psychopathology
730:
706:profound autism
675:
663:atypical autism
611:
596:
568:corpus callosum
531:
525:
496:splinter skills
492:
444:
424:
386:
361:
359:Characteristics
287:Kanner's autism
246:antidepressants
85:
78:
72:
69:
59:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Kanner syndrome
15:
12:
11:
5:
9614:
9604:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9571:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9563:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9539:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9530:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9482:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9456:
9450:
9444:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9436:
9431:
9429:Charles Darwin
9426:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9378:
9377:
9375:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9348:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9338:
9333:
9323:
9321:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9295:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9258:
9256:
9248:
9247:
9237:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9173:
9170:
9169:
9159:
9158:
9155:
9154:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9125:Affect display
9121:
9119:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9106:
9100:
9098:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9082:
9081:
9071:
9061:
9059:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9015:
9013:
9011:Social context
9007:
9006:
9004:
9003:
9002:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8961:
8956:
8950:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8921:
8919:Pupil dilation
8916:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8869:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8847:
8842:
8833:
8827:
8825:
8817:
8816:
8804:
8803:
8796:
8795:
8788:
8781:
8773:
8764:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8681:
8679:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8669:With the Light
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8588:Nobody Nowhere
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8558:Life, Animated
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8519:
8517:
8509:
8508:
8498:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8490:
8489:
8487:
8486:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8465:
8460:
8457:Specialisterne
8453:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8405:
8403:
8396:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8382:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8365:
8360:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8333:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8217:
8215:
8207:
8206:
8196:
8195:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8164:Rebecca School
8161:
8155:
8150:
8144:
8138:
8133:
8127:
8125:
8119:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8109:MIND Institute
8106:
8099:
8097:
8090:
8086:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8078:
8073:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8053:
8051:
8050:United Kingdom
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8007:
8005:
7998:
7990:
7989:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7955:Speech therapy
7952:
7950:Social Stories
7947:
7942:
7937:
7931:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7829:
7827:
7823:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7810:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7786:
7769:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7746:
7743:antipsychotics
7734:
7733:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7708:
7702:
7700:
7699:Accommodations
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7690:Neurodiversity
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7611:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7588:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7464:
7462:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7438:
7436:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7402:
7401:
7381:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:Rebound effect
7353:
7348:
7343:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7297:Hypersexuality
7293:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7270:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7223:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7179:
7178:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7065:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7032:
7030:Panic disorder
7027:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6997:Claustrophobia
6989:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6980:Anthropophobia
6972:
6970:Social anxiety
6967:
6962:
6956:
6954:
6945:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6928:
6926:
6916:
6915:
6895:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6840:Pick's disease
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6763:
6761:
6751:
6750:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6483:
6482:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6342:
6341:
6331:
6330:
6326:Classification
6318:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6295:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6268:Accommodations
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6176:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6126:TEACCH program
6123:
6121:Neurodiversity
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6101:Discrimination
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6084:Related issues
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6010:Cohen syndrome
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5942:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5782:Classic autism
5773:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5751:Sex and gender
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5670:
5663:
5662:
5645:
5643:from Wikibooks
5628:
5626:from Wikiquote
5611:
5594:
5577:
5550:Classic autism
5548:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5527:
5513:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5478:
5467:
5456:
5441:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:Classification
5407:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5390:Classic autism
5383:
5382:
5368:
5367:External links
5365:
5362:
5361:
5304:
5275:(8): 503–505.
5255:
5233:
5189:
5162:(4): 201–208.
5143:
5128:
5107:(3): 300–307.
5087:
5073:
5032:
5002:
4965:
4923:(6): 674–682.
4903:
4854:
4833:(6): 591–598.
4813:
4776:
4725:
4676:
4625:
4590:
4563:(2): 131–140.
4547:
4518:(1): 158–178.
4499:
4490:|journal=
4464:
4434:
4409:
4358:
4347:(1): 271–276.
4331:
4313:
4264:
4255:|journal=
4232:
4214:
4196:
4164:
4146:
4121:
4086:
4032:
3995:(3): 439–450.
3979:
3952:(4): 234–247.
3936:
3885:
3860:
3834:
3806:
3747:
3733:
3709:
3658:
3631:
3610:
3575:
3555:
3531:
3479:
3464:
3415:
3396:(7): 580–584.
3380:
3378:
3377:
3342:
3316:(6): 962–963.
3305:
3260:
3238:10.1086/596476
3232:(4): 456–461.
3217:
3197:(4): 341–346.
3174:
3123:
3100:10.1086/596476
3094:(4): 456–461.
3074:
3047:(8): 504–508.
3031:
3004:(6): 557–569.
2979:
2949:
2922:(5): 534–536.
2903:
2889:10.1038/nn1770
2859:
2832:(4): 287–304.
2813:
2778:
2729:
2702:(3): 237–243.
2686:
2627:
2600:(5): 855–866.
2584:
2547:(3): 557–571.
2527:
2516:(4): 100–136.
2496:(4): 100–136.
2474:
2430:
2368:
2333:
2304:(4): 221–233.
2288:
2258:
2231:
2194:(4): 408–411.
2171:
2112:
2100:
2070:
2043:(4): 305–319.
2027:
2004:10.1002/aur.81
1998:(3): 125–137.
1978:
1963:
1945:
1912:
1852:
1823:(3): 391–395.
1803:
1774:
1754:
1723:
1666:(2): 406–428.
1646:
1603:
1568:
1539:(5): 585–595.
1519:
1465:
1422:
1373:
1329:
1306:
1286:
1257:(3): 281–292.
1234:
1213:(3): 138–147.
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1055:
1047:
1011:Main article:
1008:
1005:
990:Although many
987:
984:
948:
945:
939:
936:
920:
917:
908:
905:
896:
893:
880:
877:
869:
866:
864:
861:
822:social support
802:Main article:
798:
797:
774:
772:
765:
759:
756:
729:
726:
687:self-injurious
674:
671:
610:
609:Classification
607:
595:
592:
572:vermal lobules
527:Main article:
524:
521:
491:
490:Other symptoms
488:
484:
483:
477:
471:
468:
462:
443:
440:
423:
420:
385:
382:
360:
357:
267:Classic autism
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
242:Antipsychotics
239:
233:
232:
226:speech therapy
219:
215:
214:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
148:
147:
132:
126:
125:
112:
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
83:
80:
79:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9613:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9534:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9517:Sign language
9515:
9514:
9512:
9508:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9441:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9415:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9362:Freudian slip
9360:
9358:
9357:Lie detection
9355:
9353:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9337:
9336:Mirror neuron
9334:
9332:
9328:
9327:Limbic system
9325:
9324:
9322:
9320:
9316:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9293:
9292:Rett syndrome
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9253:
9249:
9242:
9238:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9222:Social skills
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9197:People skills
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9182:Communication
9180:
9178:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9164:
9160:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:Multi-faceted
9116:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9084:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9056:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9029:Display rules
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
9008:
9000:
8999:Voice quality
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8874:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8837:
8836:Body language
8834:
8832:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8818:
8814:
8809:
8805:
8801:
8794:
8789:
8787:
8782:
8780:
8775:
8774:
8771:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8712:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8676:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:Speed of Dark
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
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8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
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8541:
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8526:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8510:
8503:
8499:
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8481:
8480:
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8474:
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8461:
8458:
8455:
8454:
8451:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8409:Autism Anglia
8407:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8397:
8393:
8386:
8383:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8370:
8364:
8361:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8348:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8269:Autism Speaks
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:United States
8240:
8237:
8233:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8214:International
8212:
8208:
8204:Organizations
8201:
8197:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8110:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8098:
8096:United States
8094:
8091:
8087:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8058:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:United States
8002:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7984:
7980:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7926:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7847:Controversial
7845:
7838:
7834:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7826:Developmental
7824:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7764:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7637:Autism Sunday
7635:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7593:
7586:
7581:
7579:
7574:
7572:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7525:
7518:
7514:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:Schizophrenia
7459:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7432:
7428:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7390:Schizophrenia
7386:
7382:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7341:Drug overdose
7339:
7338:
7335:
7330:
7326:
7321:
7317:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7289:Sexual desire
7286:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7263:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7173:
7169:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7006:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6975:Social phobia
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6910:-related and
6909:
6905:
6900:
6896:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6745:
6741:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
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6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
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6700:
6699:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
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6672:
6669:
6668:
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6660:
6655:
6651:
6637:
6634:
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6629:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6616:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
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6563:
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6561:
6558:
6554:
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6546:
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6534:
6531:
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6526:
6522:
6519:
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6517:
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6510:
6507:
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6500:
6497:
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6427:
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6415:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6406:
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6400:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6316:
6311:
6309:
6304:
6302:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6260:
6257:
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6250:
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6175:
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6171:
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6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6141:Controversies
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Rett syndrome
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Down syndrome
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
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5941:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:and phenomena
5811:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5684:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5660:from Wikidata
5659:
5658:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5612:
5609:from Wikinews
5608:
5607:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5578:
5574:
5573:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5551:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5418:
5414:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5251:
5248:(in German).
5247:
5243:
5237:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5148:
5139:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5083:
5077:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4672:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4594:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4506:
4504:
4495:
4482:
4474:
4468:
4453:
4449:
4448:Psych Central
4445:
4438:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4247:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4185:
4181:
4180:Autism Speaks
4177:
4171:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3565:
3559:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3484:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2968:on 2015-12-06
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2864:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:Reprinted in
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1955:Biopsychology
1949:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1744:on 2023-03-30
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:(2): 91–101.
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:Hans Asperger
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:schizophrenia
1122:
1121:Eugen Bleuler
1119:psychiatrist
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1004:
1002:
997:
993:
983:
980:
973:
944:
935:
933:
929:
925:
916:
913:
904:
901:
892:
890:
885:
876:
874:
860:
857:
854:
849:
847:
846:psychologists
843:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
810:
805:
794:
784:
778:
775:This section
773:
769:
764:
763:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
739:
735:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:severe autism
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Rett syndrome
648:
645:Of the PDDs,
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
606:
602:
600:
591:
589:
585:
581:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:(MRI) on the
557:
548:
543:
539:
537:
530:
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
501:
497:
487:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
455:
448:
439:
437:
433:
429:
422:Communication
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
356:
353:
351:
347:
343:
342:Controversies
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
220:
216:
213:
212:schizophrenia
209:
205:
202:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
153:
152:Complications
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:Trouble with
133:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
113:
111:
107:
102:
98:
93:
88:
76:
66:
62:
57:
53:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
9352:Cold reading
9345:Applications
9319:Neuroanatomy
8964:Paralanguage
8424:Autism Cymru
8226:Wrong Planet
8141:ESPA College
7837:PLAY Project
7752:Aripiprazole
7665:Autistic art
7421:Folie à deux
7346:Intoxication
7327:substances,
7325:Psychoactive
7244:Night terror
7061:Dissociative
7025:Panic attack
6577:Tic disorder
5781:
5731:Heritability
5721:Epidemiology
5655:
5638:
5621:
5604:
5592:from Commons
5587:
5570:
5549:
5529:
5515:
5504:
5480:
5469:
5458:
5443:
5428:
5389:
5370:
5353:the original
5324:
5320:
5307:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5252:: 1314–1317.
5249:
5245:
5236:
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4981:
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4940:10871/126929
4920:
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4179:
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4134:
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3899:PLOS Biology
3898:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3873:ScienceDaily
3872:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3846:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3821:
3764:
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3622:
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3578:
3567:. Retrieved
3558:
3547:. Retrieved
3543:
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3269:PLOS Biology
3268:
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2966:the original
2961:
2952:
2919:
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2414:the original
2396:(2): 80–86.
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2279:. Retrieved
2244:
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2128:Geschwind DH
2105:, retrieved
2083:
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2036:
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1981:
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1936:. Retrieved
1932:the original
1927:
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1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1735:
1726:
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1112:
1108:
1102:
1091:Portrait of
1057:
1049:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1007:Epidemiology
989:
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898:
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485:
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425:
395:social norms
387:
362:
354:
331:
308:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:
70:
61:You can help
51:
9331:Limbic lobe
9096:Unconscious
9079:Missed call
9049:Social norm
9024:Conventions
8914:Eye contact
8649:Mockingbird
8644:House Rules
8613:Switched On
8608:Strange Son
8583:NeuroTribes
8516:Non-fiction
8485:(Australia)
8429:Autism Plus
8183:(Australia)
8160:(Singapore)
8076:Researchers
7919:Vitamin B12
7884:Hug machine
7757:Risperidone
7711:KultureCity
7394:schizotypal
7229:Hypersomnia
7219:Nonorganic
6960:Agoraphobia
6691:Cyclothymia
6686:Bipolar NOS
6661:(affective)
6533:Stereotypic
6441:Kleptomania
6159:MMR vaccine
5887:Infodumping
5862:Monotropism
5857:Late talker
5822:Alexithymia
5726:Epigenetics
5572:Definitions
5531:GeneReviews
5506:MedlinePlus
4606:: 327–355.
4378:(11): 140.
4057:(1): 8–38.
3905:(8): E267.
3878:20 February
3853:20 February
3827:2 September
3724:The Autisms
3674:(1): 3–13.
3544:icd.who.int
2972:16 December
2423:24 November
2142:: 367–380.
1619:(1): 2–15.
1163:first used
1097:feral child
738:stereotyped
683:reciprocity
560:midsagittal
517:toe walking
411:attachments
407:nonverbally
403:turn-taking
399:eye contact
325:(2013) and
161:Usual onset
9580:Categories
9464:Aggressive
9434:Paul Ekman
9417:Key people
9381:Technology
9367:Poker tell
9212:Social cue
9019:Chronemics
8969:Intonation
8813:Modalities
8654:Saving Max
8506:Literature
7766:Behavioral
7546:Stereotypy
7409:Delusional
7398:delusional
7371:Withdrawal
7239:Parasomnia
7144:Nosophobia
6924:Adjustment
6912:somatoform
6845:Sundowning
6698:Depression
6681:Bipolar II
6570:Stuttering
6565:Cluttering
6361:Paraphilia
6169:Thiomersal
6111:Employment
5902:Echopraxia
5852:Hyperlexia
5623:Quotations
5482:DiseasesDB
5242:Asperger H
4739:Pediatrics
4692:(Review).
4641:(Review).
4458:2015-12-16
4428:2015-12-16
4278:Pediatrics
4190:2015-12-16
4140:2023-12-28
3569:2022-04-28
3549:2022-04-28
2268:2013034363
2107:2023-12-28
1973:1085798897
1938:10 October
1784:1073035060
1748:2022-03-17
1683:2292/68400
1387:Pediatrics
1346:Pediatrics
1316:2005027740
1188:References
1172:syndrome.
1157:Leo Kanner
938:Medication
840:teachers,
373:regression
303:Leo Kanner
250:stimulants
237:Medication
119:pediatrics
115:Psychiatry
9469:Assertive
9277:Fragile X
9262:Aprosodia
9255:Disorders
9202:Semiotics
9130:Deception
8936:Proxemics
8926:Olfaction
8909:Oculesics
8894:Imitation
8639:Dear John
8459:(Denmark)
8434:Autistica
8387:(Jamaica)
8372:Caribbean
7940:Melatonin
7833:Floortime
7730:Therapies
7625:Awareness
7594:resources
7499:Catatonia
7431:Psychosis
7266:Postnatal
7249:Nightmare
6855:Wandering
6708:Dysthymia
6676:Bipolar I
6631:Pervasive
6446:Pyromania
6371:Voyeurism
6366:Fetishism
6174:Chelation
5897:Echolalia
5770:Diagnoses
5761:Therapies
5716:Diagnosis
5640:Textbooks
5517:eMedicine
5012:775005136
4957:237242123
4520:CiteSeerX
4372:Brain Sci
4300:0031-4005
4027:205873629
3997:CiteSeerX
3783:1664-0640
3688:1573-3432
3649:768475353
3143:: c7452.
2663:1662-453X
2579:216347274
2563:1056-4993
2306:CiteSeerX
2276:946133861
1889:1939-5078
1792:cite book
1718:254429317
1692:1939-3792
1460:206141453
1324:466433183
1181:DSM-III-R
1105:Neo-Latin
1066:Dyspraxia
947:Education
818:prognosis
791:June 2023
783:talk page
599:Diagnosis
594:Diagnosis
432:echolalia
369:remission
257:Frequency
218:Treatment
172:Long-term
110:Specialty
73:June 2023
65:talk page
9299:Dyssemia
9145:Intimacy
9065:Emoticon
8974:Loudness
8904:Laughter
8840:Kinesics
8831:Blushing
8824:Physical
8714:Journals
8338:(Mexico)
8235:Americas
7997:Research
7914:Son-Rise
7904:Secretin
7234:Insomnia
6904:Neurotic
6871:Delirium
6797:Dementia
6636:Specific
5952:Epilepsy
5892:Stimming
5522:med/3202
5349:44613078
5341:24047057
5291:14574825
5219:15386868
5176:15365889
5123:18626481
5068:11427137
4986:Elsevier
4949:34414570
4898:25404790
4849:19218885
4808:26106752
4767:28656831
4759:16882789
4720:18775371
4671:30733689
4620:17716073
4585:30125359
4577:12757352
4542:18385012
4452:Archived
4422:Archived
4404:29072583
4308:17967921
4184:Archived
4116:19143460
4081:18444052
4019:19437303
3966:15666341
3931:15314667
3801:31417436
3721:(2011).
3704:35817450
3696:12708575
3641:00024852
3605:19220594
3526:33624215
3459:12946972
3410:12867830
3373:21226573
3338:34467853
3330:19363650
3301:19478850
3256:19128068
3213:17168158
3165:43640126
3157:21209060
3118:19128068
3069:24004979
3061:10961787
3026:23560500
3018:14519452
2944:11673879
2936:17479094
2898:17001340
2854:13928876
2846:18956240
2808:16313426
2773:19528017
2724:16706630
2716:11055459
2681:35310097
2622:41034513
2614:17048092
2571:32471602
2486:Kanner L
2469:17326115
2410:32811109
2363:15257669
2328:15666338
2226:24860348
2218:17919126
2166:19630577
2130:(2009).
2065:34658024
2057:18956241
2022:19582867
1907:27906524
1847:18984147
1732:"Autism"
1710:36474364
1701:10946540
1641:79259285
1633:15858952
1598:24814559
1563:26709141
1514:27733282
1452:25602248
1417:24167175
1368:17967921
1281:23226953
1229:18253102
1109:autismus
1064:(ADHD),
1029:Several
722:profound
720:, where
714:moderate
428:babbling
391:toddlers
169:Duration
130:Symptoms
9553:Subtext
9474:Passive
9443:Related
9034:Habitus
8979:Prosody
8931:Posture
8872:Gesture
8627:Fiction
8476:Oceania
8359:(India)
8123:Schools
8089:Therapy
7987:Centers
7928:Related
7657:Culture
7614:history
7609:outline
6943:Anxiety
6782:PDD-NOS
6671:Bipolar
6324: (
6259:Schools
5736:History
5525:ped/180
5476:D001321
5299:8868418
5227:5317716
5184:6106042
5025:26 July
4889:4232964
4711:2597185
4662:6354568
4645:: 751.
4473:Pope, J
4395:5704147
4072:2943764
3792:6683759
3767:: 526.
3517:8531066
3292:2682483
3247:2908388
3109:2908388
2764:2677584
2672:8924045
2522:4880460
2502:4880460
2281:1 March
2209:8095627
2157:3645857
2013:2791538
1898:5182138
1838:2756410
1578:Vaccine
1554:4996332
1505:5055577
1408:3813396
1272:3513682
1177:DSM-III
1159:of the
1139:of the
1077:History
930:by the
863:Therapy
832:out by
693:or the
504:Sensory
334:genetic
321:in the
297:, is a
181:Genetic
9586:Autism
9527:Tadoma
9272:Autism
9227:Unsaid
9192:Nunchi
9069:Smiley
8989:Stress
8984:Rhythm
8954:Affect
8946:Speech
8721:Autism
8395:Europe
8332:(Peru)
8105:(CARD)
7809:(ESDM)
7791:(PECS)
7783:Lovaas
7775:(ABA)
7604:Autism
7592:Autism
7187:Eating
7035:Stress
6952:Phobia
6908:stress
6767:Autism
6560:Speech
6349:Sexual
5741:Memory
5711:Causes
5697:Autism
5511:001526
5465:209850
5454:299.00
5387:about
5378:Autism
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1227:
1165:autism
1133:autism
1113:autism
679:autism
635:ICD-11
570:, and
523:Causes
515:, and
346:causes
327:ICD-11
315:ICD-10
311:DSM-IV
295:autism
177:Causes
140:verbal
90:Autism
63:. The
9058:Other
8705:Rules
8444:Sacar
8149:(USA)
7815:(CBT)
7492:Other
7221:sleep
7008:Other
6864:Other
6730:Mania
6402:Other
6242:Lists
5589:Media
5439:F84.0
5356:(PDF)
5345:S2CID
5317:(PDF)
5295:S2CID
5223:S2CID
5180:S2CID
5019:(PDF)
4978:(PDF)
4953:S2CID
4763:S2CID
4581:S2CID
4023:S2CID
3970:S2CID
3700:S2CID
3334:S2CID
3161:S2CID
3065:S2CID
3022:S2CID
2940:S2CID
2850:S2CID
2720:S2CID
2618:S2CID
2575:S2CID
2417:(PDF)
2386:(PDF)
2222:S2CID
2061:S2CID
1714:S2CID
1637:S2CID
1456:S2CID
1129:autós
1117:Swiss
1107:word
434:) or
323:DSM-5
9543:Mime
8994:Tone
8877:List
8350:Asia
8177:(UK)
8171:(UK)
8143:(UK)
8059:(UK)
7396:and
7045:PTSD
6659:Mood
6499:ADHD
5704:Main
5657:Data
5606:News
5487:1142
5471:MeSH
5460:OMIM
5449:9-CM
5337:PMID
5287:PMID
5215:PMID
5172:PMID
5119:PMID
5064:PMID
5046:JAMA
5027:2008
5008:OCLC
4998:ISBN
4945:PMID
4894:PMID
4845:PMID
4804:PMID
4755:PMID
4716:PMID
4667:PMID
4616:PMID
4573:PMID
4538:PMID
4494:help
4400:PMID
4304:PMID
4296:ISSN
4259:help
4112:PMID
4077:PMID
4015:PMID
3962:PMID
3927:PMID
3880:2021
3855:2021
3829:2019
3797:PMID
3779:ISSN
3729:ISBN
3692:PMID
3684:ISSN
3645:OCLC
3637:LCCN
3627:ISBN
3601:PMID
3522:PMID
3455:PMID
3406:PMID
3369:PMID
3326:PMID
3297:PMID
3252:PMID
3209:PMID
3153:PMID
3114:PMID
3057:PMID
3014:PMID
2974:2015
2932:PMID
2894:PMID
2842:PMID
2804:PMID
2769:PMID
2712:PMID
2677:PMID
2659:ISSN
2610:PMID
2567:PMID
2559:ISSN
2518:PMID
2498:PMID
2465:PMID
2425:2013
2406:PMID
2359:PMID
2324:PMID
2283:2019
2272:OCLC
2264:LCCN
2254:ISBN
2214:PMID
2162:PMID
2096:ISBN
2053:PMID
2018:PMID
1969:OCLC
1959:ISBN
1940:2009
1903:PMID
1885:ISSN
1843:PMID
1817:Cell
1798:link
1780:OCLC
1770:ISBN
1706:PMID
1688:ISSN
1629:PMID
1594:PMID
1559:PMID
1510:PMID
1448:PMID
1413:PMID
1364:PMID
1320:OCLC
1312:LCCN
1302:ISBN
1277:PMID
1225:PMID
1103:The
1095:, a
710:mild
704:and
653:and
401:and
336:and
313:and
142:and
7433:and
7020:OCD
6548:RAD
6543:DAD
6509:ODD
5445:ICD
5430:ICD
5329:doi
5325:369
5277:doi
5207:doi
5164:doi
5109:doi
5054:doi
5050:285
4990:doi
4935:hdl
4925:doi
4884:PMC
4876:doi
4835:doi
4794:doi
4747:doi
4743:118
4706:PMC
4698:doi
4657:PMC
4647:doi
4608:doi
4565:doi
4530:doi
4390:PMC
4380:doi
4349:doi
4286:doi
4282:120
4104:doi
4100:114
4067:PMC
4059:doi
4007:doi
3954:doi
3917:PMC
3907:doi
3787:PMC
3769:doi
3676:doi
3593:doi
3512:PMC
3504:doi
3445:PMC
3437:doi
3433:327
3429:BMJ
3398:doi
3359:doi
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3318:doi
3287:PMC
3277:doi
3242:PMC
3234:doi
3199:doi
3145:doi
3141:342
3137:BMJ
3104:PMC
3096:doi
3049:doi
3006:doi
2924:doi
2884:doi
2834:doi
2796:doi
2759:PMC
2751:doi
2747:364
2704:doi
2667:PMC
2649:doi
2602:doi
2549:doi
2455:doi
2398:doi
2351:doi
2316:doi
2204:PMC
2196:doi
2152:PMC
2144:doi
2088:doi
2045:doi
2008:PMC
2000:doi
1893:PMC
1877:doi
1833:PMC
1825:doi
1821:135
1696:PMC
1678:hdl
1668:doi
1621:doi
1586:doi
1549:PMC
1541:doi
1500:PMC
1492:doi
1488:388
1440:doi
1403:PMC
1395:doi
1391:132
1354:doi
1350:120
1267:PMC
1259:doi
1215:doi
712:or
695:ICD
691:DSM
631:WHO
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9067:/
8838:/
8402:UK
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6906:,
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5509::
5485::
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5437::
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