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rational actions can be good (saving someone who is drowning simply out of a great pity for them is not a morally good act). Kant also denied that the consequences of an act in any way contribute to the moral worth of that act—his reasoning being (highly simplified for brevity) that the physical world is outside our full control, and thus we cannot be held accountable for the events that occur in it.
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Universalizing a maxim (statement) leads to it being valid, or to one of two contradictions—a contradiction in conception (where the maxim, when universalized, is no longer a viable means to the end) or a contradiction in will (where the will of a person contradicts what the universalisation of the
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or principle, which are vastly different from each other; it is according to this that the moral worth of any action is judged. Kant's ethics are founded on his view of rationality as the ultimate good and his belief that all people are fundamentally rational beings. This led to the most important
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Kant's ethics focus, then, only on the maxim that underlies actions, and judges these to be good or bad solely on how they conform to reason. Kant showed that many of our common sense views of what is good or bad conform to his system, but denied that any action performed for reasons other than
661:: to attempt to universalize the maxim (by imagining a world where all people necessarily acted in this way in the relevant circumstances) and then see if the maxim and its associated action would still be conceivable in such a world. For instance, holding the maxim
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view of political institutions. The nature of Rawls' use of Kant has engendered serious controversy but has demonstrated the vitality of
Kantian considerations across a wider range of questions than was once thought plausible.
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Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end.
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and applying it universally would result in self termination. Thus holding this maxim is irrational as it ends up being impossible to hold it.
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Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were, through his maxim, always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.
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709:, Kant has had wide and increasing influence with major political philosophers of the late twentieth century. For example,
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Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law.
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Laws of
Freedom: A Study of Kant's Method of Applying the Categorical Imperative in the Metaphysik Der Sitten
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maxim implies). The first type leads to a "perfect duty", and the second leads to an "imperfect duty".
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Kant's system of perspectives: an architectonic interpretation of the critical philosophy
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Reflection and Artificial Life"
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845:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
809:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
773:. Translated by James W. Ellington (3rd ed.). Hackett. p.
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John Rawls and
Immanuel Kant - A Comparison (seminar paper, 2006)
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drew heavily on his inspiration in setting out the basis for a
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is sometimes also used to describe contemporary positions in
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1061:. Aldershot, Hants, England Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate.
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CON-TEXTOS KANTIANOS. International
Journal of Philosophy
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Kant's
Practical Philosophy: From Critique to Doctrine
906:"An Interpretation of Rawls' "Kantian Interpretation""
97:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
967:
A Commentary on Kant's
Critique of Practical Reason
838:
802:
766:
743:Schopenhauer's criticism of the Kantian philosophy
27:Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher
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988:Tekhnehma: Journal of Philosophy and Technology
650:part of Kant's ethics, the formulation of the
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1191:
1083:Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1198:
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275:
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1034:
339:Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
827:
657:Simply put, this criterion amounts to a
311: Question: What Is Enlightenment?
221:of all important aspects of the article.
142:This article includes a list of general
93:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1039:. Lanham: University Press of America.
972:R. Beiner and W.J. Booth (eds.) (1993)
841:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
805:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
769:Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
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14:
4188:
869:
318:Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
217:Please consider expanding the lead to
4092:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
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2937:
1679:
1217:
1179:
1162:Immanuel Kant: Philosophy of Religion
903:
701:Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant
360:On a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from
4201:Philosophical schools and traditions
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797:
761:
190:
128:
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29:
1166:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1157:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1148:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1139:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1130:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1121:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1112:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
24:
148:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1144:Immanuel Kant: Philosophy of Mind
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1002:Kant's Transcendental Imagination
45:This article has multiple issues.
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1171:Kant's Aesthetics and Teleology
981:Kant and the Ends of Aesthetics
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209:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
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950:Kant's transcendental Idealism
897:
870:Thomas, Domjahn (4 May 2007).
863:
791:
755:
432:Analytic–synthetic distinction
302: Any Future Metaphysics
219:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
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974:Kant and Political Philosophy
969:(University of Chicago Press)
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2727:Ordinary language philosophy
1218:
325:Critique of Practical Reason
7:
4017:Interpellation (philosophy)
3820:Non-representational theory
2777:Contemporary utilitarianism
2692:Internalism and externalism
1153:Immanuel Kant: Radical Evil
1057:Palmquist, Stephen (2000).
1035:Palmquist, Stephen (1993).
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10:
4222:
3972:Existence precedes essence
2041:Svatantrika and Prasangika
1680:
1135:Immanuel Kant: Metaphysics
1085:(Harvard University Press)
904:Vadim, Chaly (June 2015).
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663:kill anyone who annoys you
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362: Benevolent Motives
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4107:Hermeneutics of suspicion
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1263:Philosophy of mathematics
1253:Philosophy of information
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1224:
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1117:Immanuel Kant: Aesthetics
959:(Mercer University Press)
627:
353:The Metaphysics of Morals
4087:Transvaluation of values
3893:Apollonian and Dionysian
1059:Kant's critical religion
676:The formulations of the
2732:Postanalytic philosophy
2673:Experimental philosophy
976:(Yale University Press)
952:(Yale University Press)
728:Adaptive representation
580:) is the philosophy of
452:Hypothetical imperative
394:Transcendental idealism
293:Critique of Pure Reason
163:more precise citations.
4206:Philosophical theories
4157:Philosophy of language
4122:Linguistic determinism
4032:Master–slave dialectic
4007:Historical materialism
3303:Continental philosophy
2865:Social constructionism
1877:Hellenistic philosophy
1293:Theoretical philosophy
1268:Philosophy of religion
1258:Philosophy of language
1017:Howard Caygill (1995)
957:Kant's Moral Teleology
678:categorical imperative
652:categorical imperative
577:
447:Categorical imperative
4037:Master–slave morality
3845:Psychoanalytic theory
3248:Philosophy portal
2767:Scientific skepticism
2747:Reformed epistemology
1273:Philosophy of science
955:Thomas Auxter (1982)
557:Philosophy portal
2668:Critical rationalism
2375:Edo neo-Confucianism
2219:Acintya bheda abheda
2198:Renaissance humanism
1909:School of the Sextii
1283:Practical philosophy
1278:Political philosophy
1126:Immanuel Kant: Logic
1104:at Wikimedia Commons
1004:(Palgrave Macmillan)
997:(Palgrave Macmillan)
922:10.5281/zenodo.18510
707:political philosophy
695:Political philosophy
588:philosopher born in
464:Political philosophy
332:Critique of Judgment
86:factual accuracy is
3857:Speculative realism
2239:Nimbarka Sampradaya
2150:Korean Confucianism
1897:Academic Skepticism
1000:Gary Banham (2006)
993:Gary Banham (2003)
979:Gary Banham (2000)
507:Arthur Schopenhauer
399:Critical philosophy
3977:Existential crisis
3908:Binary oppositions
3835:Post-structuralism
2860:Post-structuralism
2762:Scientific realism
2717:Quinean naturalism
2697:Logical positivism
2653:Analytical Marxism
1872:Peripatetic school
1784:Chinese naturalism
1311:Aesthetic response
1238:Applied philosophy
733:Kantian empiricism
659:thought experiment
614:philosophy of mind
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385: •
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2544:Transcendentalism
2504:Neo-scholasticism
2350:Classical Realism
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1914:Neopythagoreanism
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1100:Media related to
1031:(Basil Blackwell)
1019:A Kant Dictionary
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2702:Legal positivism
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2499:New Confucianism
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1919:Second Sophistic
1904:Middle Platonism
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4147:Linguistic turn
4077:Totalitarianism
4042:Oedipus complex
3903:Being in itself
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3778:German idealism
3758:Critical theory
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3657:Ortega y Gasset
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2787:Wittgensteinian
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2534:Social contract
2390:Foundationalism
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3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3920:
3918:Class struggle
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Always already
3880:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3840:Psychoanalysis
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:Non-philosophy
3812:
3810:Neo-Kantianism
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3768:Existentialism
3765:
3763:Deconstruction
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3051:Middle Eastern
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Existentialism
2812:
2810:Deconstruction
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Applied ethics
2639:
2637:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:Nietzscheanism
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2549:Utilitarianism
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2447:Transcendental
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Existentialism
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:Augustinianism
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2086:Zoroastrianism
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1929:Church Fathers
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1444:Libertarianism
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:Metaphilosophy
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1091:
1090:External links
1088:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1067:
1054:
1045:
1032:
1022:
1015:
1008:Howard Caygill
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
960:
953:
941:
938:
935:
934:
916:(1): 142–155.
896:
882:
862:
855:
835:Kant, Immanuel
826:
819:
799:Kant, Immanuel
790:
783:
763:Kant, Immanuel
753:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
740:
738:Neo-Kantianism
735:
730:
723:
720:
699:Main article:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
685:
639:Kantian ethics
634:Kantian ethics
632:Main article:
629:
626:
560:
559:
542:
541:
538:
537:
535:Neo-Kantianism
532:
526:
524:Related topics
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
512:Baruch Spinoza
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:G. W. F. Hegel
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
418:
413:
408:
401:
396:
390:
387:Kantian ethics
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
356:
349:
342:
335:
328:
321:
314:
305:
300:Prolegomena to
296:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
272:
271:
265:
264:
252:
251:
234:
233:
213:the key points
203:
201:
194:
187:
186:
141:
139:
132:
125:
124:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4218:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4137:Media studies
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Will to power
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:Leap of faith
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3862:Structuralism
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Postmodernism
3828:
3826:
3825:Phenomenology
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Merleau-Ponty
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:Miscellaneous
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:Miscellaneous
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Structuralism
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Postmodernism
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Phenomenology
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Vienna Circle
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Moral realism
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Phenomenology
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:Individualism
2452:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2319:Judeo-Islamic
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Shuddhadvaita
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Scholasticism
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1629:Conceptualism
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1558:Particularism
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1415:Compatibilism
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1354:Particularism
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1108:Immanuel Kant
1106:
1103:
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1080:
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1068:9780754613336
1064:
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1046:9780819189271
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978:
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947:
946:Henry Allison
944:
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883:9783640089369
879:
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856:0-87220-166-X
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820:0-87220-166-X
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644:
643:deontological
640:
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611:
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591:
587:
583:
582:Immanuel Kant
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369:Opus Postumum
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309:Answering the
306:
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269:Immanuel Kant
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169:February 2008
162:
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58:
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52:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
4067:Ressentiment
3952:Death of God
3944:
3938:Postcritique
3898:Authenticity
3788:Hermeneutics
3692:Schopenhauer
3597:Lévi-Strauss
3310:Philosophers
3253:
3239:
2910:
2901:Postcritique
2891:Kyoto School
2850:Posthumanism
2830:Hermeneutics
2685: /
2626:Contemporary
2602:Newtonianism
2569:
2565:Cartesianism
2524:Reductionism
2360:Conservatism
2355:Collectivism
2293:
2021:Sarvāstivadā
1999:Anekantavada
1924:Neoplatonism
1892:Epicureanism
1825:Pythagoreans
1764:Confucianism
1730:Contemporary
1720:Early modern
1624:Anti-realism
1578:Universalism
1535:Subjectivism
1331:Epistemology
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1082:
1058:
1036:
1028:
1018:
1011:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
956:
949:
940:Bibliography
925:. Retrieved
913:
909:
899:
887:. Retrieved
872:
865:
840:
829:
804:
793:
768:
757:
704:
675:
671:
667:
662:
656:
637:
618:epistemology
609:
605:
604:). The term
578:Kantianismus
564:
563:
502:F. H. Jacobi
487:J. G. Fichte
426:a posteriori
425:
421:
403:
382:
367:
351:
344:
337:
330:
323:
316:
298:
291:
240:
224:
208:
206:lead section
175:
166:
147:
113:
104:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
4142:Film theory
4052:Ontopoetics
3957:Death drive
3933:Ideological
3852:Romanticism
3783:Hegelianism
3557:Kierkegaard
3417:Castoriadis
3377:de Beauvoir
3362:Baudrillard
2896:Objectivism
2835:Neo-Marxism
2797:Continental
2707:Meta-ethics
2687:Coherentism
2592:Hegelianism
2529:Rationalism
2489:Natural law
2469:Materialism
2395:Historicism
2365:Determinism
2256:Navya-Nyāya
2031:Sautrāntika
2026:Pudgalavada
1962:Vaisheshika
1815:Presocratic
1715:Renaissance
1654:Physicalism
1639:Materialism
1545:Normativity
1530:Objectivism
1515:Emergentism
1505:Behaviorism
1454:Metaphysics
1420:Determinism
1359:Rationalism
1025:Mary Gregor
1021:(Blackwell)
1014:(Blackwell)
983:(Macmillan)
598:Kaliningrad
405:Sapere aude
286:Major works
161:introducing
4196:Kantianism
4190:Categories
4097:Wertkritik
4002:Hauntology
3967:Difference
3962:Différance
3702:Sloterdijk
3572:Kołakowski
3195:Amerindian
3102:Australian
3041:Vietnamese
3021:Indonesian
2570:Kantianism
2519:Positivism
2509:Pragmatism
2484:Naturalism
2464:Liberalism
2442:Subjective
2380:Empiricism
2284:Avicennism
2229:Bhedabheda
2113:East Asian
2036:Madhyamaka
2016:Abhidharma
1882:Pyrrhonism
1649:Nominalism
1644:Naturalism
1573:Skepticism
1563:Relativism
1553:Absolutism
1482:Naturalism
1392:Deontology
1364:Skepticism
1349:Naturalism
1339:Empiricism
1303:Aesthetics
1207:Philosophy
1102:Kantianism
1079:John Rawls
749:References
711:John Rawls
606:Kantianism
590:Königsberg
565:Kantianism
497:David Hume
383:Kantianism
144:references
107:March 2008
50:improve it
4132:Semiotics
4127:Semantics
4112:Discourse
3992:Genealogy
3982:Facticity
3753:Absurdism
3682:Schelling
3652:Nietzsche
3527:Heidegger
3342:Bachelard
3327:Althusser
3074:Pakistani
3036:Taiwanese
2983:Ethiopian
2956:By region
2942:By region
2757:Scientism
2752:Systemics
2612:Spinozism
2539:Socialism
2474:Modernism
2437:Objective
2345:Anarchism
2279:Averroism
2168:Christian
2120:Neotaoism
2091:Zurvanism
2081:Mithraism
2076:Mazdakism
1847:Cyrenaics
1774:Logicians
1407:Free will
1369:Solipsism
1316:Formalism
990:Number 6.
927:14 August
889:14 August
570:‹See Tfd›
469:Teleology
211:summarize
95:talk page
56:talk page
4170:Category
4012:Ideology
3928:Immanent
3923:Critique
3878:Alterity
3871:Concepts
3746:Theories
3732:Williams
3707:Spengler
3662:Rancière
3592:Lefebvre
3577:Kristeva
3542:Irigaray
3537:Ingarden
3517:Habermas
3507:Guattari
3492:Foucault
3467:Eagleton
3412:Cassirer
3392:Bourdieu
3387:Blanchot
3372:Benjamin
3357:Bataille
3260:Category
3215:Yugoslav
3205:Romanian
3112:Scottish
3097:American
3026:Japanese
3006:Buddhist
2988:Africana
2978:Egyptian
2820:Feminist
2742:Rawlsian
2737:Quietism
2635:Analytic
2587:Krausism
2494:Nihilism
2459:Kokugaku
2422:Absolute
2417:Idealism
2405:Humanism
2193:Occamism
2160:European
2105:Medieval
2051:Yogacara
2011:Buddhist
2004:Syādvāda
1887:Stoicism
1852:Cynicism
1840:Sophists
1835:Atomists
1830:Eleatics
1769:Legalism
1710:Medieval
1634:Idealism
1588:Ontology
1568:Nihilism
1472:Idealism
1230:Branches
1219:Branches
837:(1993).
801:(1993).
765:(1993).
722:See also
546:Category
442:Category
437:Noumenon
422:A priori
261:a series
259:Part of
227:May 2017
88:disputed
3997:Habitus
3913:Boredom
3803:Freudo-
3798:Western
3793:Marxism
3717:Strauss
3687:Schmitt
3627:Marcuse
3617:Lyotard
3607:Luhmann
3602:Levinas
3552:Jaspers
3547:Jameson
3532:Husserl
3512:Gramsci
3502:Gentile
3497:Gadamer
3457:Dilthey
3452:Derrida
3447:Deleuze
3382:Bergson
3352:Barthes
3322:Agamben
3210:Russian
3179:Spanish
3174:Slovene
3164:Maltese
3159:Italian
3139:Finland
3107:British
3089:Western
3079:Turkish
3064:Islamic
3059:Iranian
3011:Chinese
2998:Eastern
2965:African
2912:more...
2597:Marxism
2427:British
2370:Dualism
2266:Islamic
2224:Advaita
2214:Vedanta
2188:Scotism
2183:Thomism
2125:Tiantai
2068:Persian
2056:Tibetan
2046:Śūnyatā
1987:Cārvāka
1977:Ājīvika
1972:Mīmāṃsā
1952:Samkhya
1867:Academy
1820:Ionians
1794:Yangism
1751:Chinese
1742:Ancient
1705:Western
1700:Ancient
1659:Realism
1616:Reality
1606:Process
1487:Realism
1467:Dualism
1462:Atomism
1344:Fideism
1081:(2000)
1074:Online.
1052:Online.
1027:(1963)
1010:(1989)
965:(1960)
948:(2004)
715:liberal
610:Kantian
594:Prussia
157:improve
3946:Dasein
3697:Serres
3677:Sartre
3667:Ricœur
3622:Marcel
3612:Lukács
3587:Latour
3562:Kojève
3487:Fisher
3482:Fichte
3472:Engels
3442:Debord
3437:de Man
3427:Cixous
3422:Cioran
3402:Butler
3367:Bauman
3347:Badiou
3332:Arendt
3317:Adorno
3169:Polish
3149:German
3144:French
3129:Danish
3119:Canada
3069:Jewish
3031:Korean
3016:Indian
2558:People
2479:Monism
2432:German
2400:Holism
2333:Modern
2311:Jewish
2234:Dvaita
2207:Indian
2130:Huayan
1982:Ajñana
1939:Indian
1804:Greco-
1789:Taoism
1779:Mohism
1725:Modern
1692:By era
1681:By era
1596:Action
1477:Monism
1397:Virtue
1379:Ethics
1065:
1043:
880:
853:
817:
781:
628:Ethics
622:ethics
620:, and
602:Russia
586:German
574:German
481:People
416:Schema
146:, but
4175:Index
4082:Trace
4062:Power
4057:Other
4047:Ontic
3888:Angst
3737:Žižek
3722:Weber
3712:Stein
3647:Negri
3642:Nancy
3582:Lacan
3567:Koyré
3522:Hegel
3477:Fanon
3432:Croce
3407:Camus
3397:Buber
3200:Aztec
3154:Greek
3134:Dutch
3124:Czech
2973:Bantu
2410:Anti-
1957:Nyaya
1947:Hindu
1807:Roman
1601:Event
1243:Logic
647:maxim
596:(now
3987:Gaze
3727:Weil
3672:Said
3632:Marx
3337:Aron
2301:Sufi
2135:Chan
1994:Jain
1967:Yoga
1497:Mind
1437:Hard
1425:Hard
1063:ISBN
1041:ISBN
929:2019
891:2019
878:ISBN
851:ISBN
815:ISBN
779:ISBN
584:, a
424:and
3462:Eco
2575:Neo
2140:Zen
918:doi
705:In
641:is
608:or
4192::
1164:,
1155:,
1146:,
1137:,
1128:,
1119:,
1110:,
912:.
908:.
876:.
849:.
847:43
813:.
811:36
777:.
775:30
680::
624:.
616:,
600:,
592:,
576::
263:on
59:.
3295:e
3288:t
3281:v
1199:e
1192:t
1185:v
1071:.
1049:.
931:.
920::
914:1
893:.
859:.
823:.
787:.
567:(
460:"
456:"
364:"
358:"
313:"
307:"
247:)
241:(
229:)
225:(
215:.
182:)
176:(
171:)
167:(
153:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
101:.
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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