1132:
1144:
1318:
971:
795:. Until the end of the 13th century, Karelians enjoyed a period of relative independence and self-government. However, as Karelians came in contact with Novgorod some of them started to take part in internal and external Novgorodian politics. Russian chronicles mention a joint raid of Novgorod and Karelians on Tavastia in 1191. In the 13th century, the Karelian relationship with Novgorod underwent significant changes, from partnership and alliance to gradual dominance by the latter.
440:
84:
335:
398:
356:
377:
1071:
145:
419:
891:
280:
43:
314:
942:(1941–1944), in which Finland temporarily held most of Eastern Karelia, several thousands of Karelians chose to migrate west as Finnish forces retreated. The Karelians who migrated to Finland in the 20th century were initially Karelian speakers, but due to minor lingual differences and in order to assimilate into the local communities soon adopted the Finnish language after the war. Some of the evacuees later
1131:
1143:
825:. The agreement transferred governance of all western Karelian lands to Swedish sovereignty, while eastern Karelian lands fell under Novgorodian rule. This sundering started a long process of separation of Karelians into two different halves, with the main difference being religion, as western Karelians became first Roman Catholic and later
850:. This meant that the majority of Karelians were again living in one country, yet it did not bring peace to the Karelian people. As Sweden commenced the process of conversion of population of the ceded territories to Lutheran Protestantism, resistance appeared among Old-Believer Orthodox Karelians and neighbouring Orthodox
806:. In 1269, the prince of Novgorod prepared a raid against Karelians, but he abandoned his plans as he was advised against it by his councilors. In 1278, Novgorod made war against Karelians and, according to the chronicle, put Karelian lands "to sword and fire", which significantly reduced Karelian military power.
813:
and attempted to ensure their complete dominance with the foundation of castles, in 1293 at Vyborg and in 1295 at
Kexholm (Käkisalmi in Finnish, Koryela in Russian chronicles), on the sites of ancient Karelian settlements. However, Novgorod managed to repel the Swedish attack by capturing and burning
1197:
In 1926, according to the census, Karelians only accounted for 37.4% of the population in the Soviet
Karelian Republic (which at that time did not yet include territories that would later be taken from Finland and added, most of which had mostly Karelian inhabitants), or 100,781 Karelians. Russians,
961:
into the
Russian population. This process began several decades ago. For example, it has been estimated that even between the 1959 and 1970 Soviet censuses, nearly 30 percent of those who were enumerated as Karelian by self-identification in 1959 changed their self-identification to Russian 11 years
910:
As the Grand Duchy of
Finland was formed, its inhabitants struggled to properly identify themselves ethnically, some being Finnish, some Swedish and some Karelian. As the Fennoman movement started and the new Finnish nation commenced its forming and shaping process, attempts were made to restore the
714:
settled elsewhere in
Finland. A minority of them, about 38,000, were Border Karelian Orthodox Christians, who traditionally spoke Karelian. However, owing to Karelian not being recognized as its own language by the Finnish government until recently, most of these Karelians had no choice but to learn
1201:
By 2000, there were 65,651 Karelians in the
Republic of Karelia (65.1% of the number in 1926, including the Karelian regions taken from Finland which were not counted in 1926), and Karelians made up only 9.2% of the population in their homeland. Russians, meanwhile, were 76.6% of the population in
2331:
Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo; Moore, Kristjan H.S.; Ebenesersdóttir, S. Sunna; Kilinc, Gulsah Merve; Kjellström, Anna; Papmehl-Dufay, Ludvig; Alfsdotter, Clara; Berglund, Birgitta; Alrawi, Loey; Kashuba, Natalija; Sobrado, Verónica; Lagerholm, Vendela Kempe; Gilbert, Edmund; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.;
857:
By the mid-17th century, the tension between the
Lutheran Swedish government and Orthodox Karelians led to yet another conflict between Sweden and Russia. From 1656 to 1658, Russian armed forces waged war on Karelian territories and tried to recapture them with the aid of some of the sympathizing
832:
Subsequent wars had
Karelians fighting on both sides of the conflict and often against each other. Meanwhile, Karelians on the Novgorodian and later Russian side of the border continued to settle northward towards the White Sea. By the late 14th century, Russian Karelians established control over
906:
in 1812, which brought all western
Karelians into the same state with Finns, while eastern Karelians remained under independent Russian administration. Although Karelians ended up in the same country the religious difference between eastern and western Karelians remained a dividing factor, which
881:
The next change happened in 1721 as Russia won the great northern war against Sweden (1700–21), which forced Sweden to cede the entire
Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to Russia, with its now mostly Lutheran population. Although there were attempts to convert the local population to Orthodoxy
926:
As Finland gained its independence in 1917 the process of "finnisation" continued, but now even eastern Karelians were viewed as part of the Finnish nation. From 1918 to 1922, Finland made several attempts to expand into Eastern Karelia with some support by local Karelians. Several thousands of
841:
As the struggle for power in the region continued over the next centuries the borderline between Sweden and Russia moved several times with most of the changes happening in Northern Karelia and Kainuu. However, in 1617, the history of Karelians underwent a significant change as Russia ceded to
817:
In 1314, Karelians rose up against efforts made to convert them to Christianity, according to the Novgorod chronicle. The first rebellion started against Russian Orthodoxy with Käkisalmi captured and the killing of all Christians there. Then the rebellion spread over all Karelian lands, which
922:
inspired Finnish artists and researchers, who believed that the Orthodox Karelians had retained elements of an archaic, original Finnish culture which had disappeared from Finland. This led to numerous confusions with some claiming that western and eastern Karelians were different nations.
1033:
In addition to that, dialects of Karelian language are also spoken in different locations in the current area of Finland and elsewhere after WWII and in some villages near the Russian border in Kainuu region the northern dialect of Karelian language has been spoken continuously until now.
877:
to those Karelian lands which resulted in a mixture of local Karelians with Savonians in some areas. However, as Savonians themselves are of Karelian origin, this migration mostly affected local Karelians religiously (as the majority of the population became Lutheran) and to some extent
2271:
Kushniarevich, Alena; Utevska, Olga; Chuhryaeva, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasia; Dibirova, Khadizhat; Uktveryte, Ingrida; Möls, Märt; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Frolova, Svetlana; Shanko, Andrey; Metspalu, Ene; Reidla, Maere; Tambets, Kristiina; Tamm, Erika (2015-09-02).
755:, only one archeological discovery from this time period has been found, dating to the eighth century. The considerably higher number of archeological discoveries in these regions from AD 800 to AD 1050 indicates that the Karelian population grew and expanded rapidly during this time.
1388:, than with their non-Uralic-speaking neighbours. This is consistent with the idea that the Uralic peoples share common roots to some degree. Karelians are found to have significant IBD sharing with some non-Uralic-speaking peoples from the same distant regions, such as the
2170:
Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (2018).
1205:
In the 2021 Census, there were 25,901 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia, only 5.5% of the population. Meanwhile Russians now make up 86.4% of the population in Karelia. The total number of Karelians in Russia was 32,422, or 0.02% of the country's population.
1364:
ancestry is mostly European, Karelians also carry some Siberian-related admixture (6–12 %) commonly found in Uralic-speaking groups. Like other Baltic Finnic peoples, Karelians have a high level of Steppe-related admixture. Karelians cluster with
1022:
Olonets Karelian or Livvi (in southeastern parts of Karelian republic, before World War II also in the easternmost part of What was Finland before the war, and in different locations in the current area of Finland and elsewhere after the
861:
Many of the Karelians who remained Orthodox by 1658 were unwilling to remain in Sweden and convert to Lutheranism, which triggered a mass migration of many Orthodox Karelians from these areas into other parts of Russia, some going to the
1009:
South Karelian (Southern parts of the Karelian republic, before World War II also in the easternmost part of what was Finland before the war, and in different locations in the current area of Finland and elsewhere after WWII)
1198:
meanwhile, numbered 153,967 in Karelia, or 57.2% of the population. Adding the Tver Karelian population of 140,567 at the time to the statistic gives a total of at least 241,348 Karelians in the whole USSR, if not far more.
907:
somewhat affected the linguistics but even until the beginning of the 20th century both groups could understand each other. Yet eastern Karelians managed to preserve traditions and folklore better than western Karelians.
915:
traveled to different parts of Eastern Karelia to gather folklore and epic poetry. The Orthodox Karelians in North Karelia and Russia were now seen as close brethren or even a sub-group of the Finns. The ideology of
3125:
1332:
is typical among Karelians, as it is observed in either slightly more or less than 40 percent of Karelian men. It has high frequencies among Uralic-speaking and other North Eurasian populations. Haplogroup
809:
While Novgorod unsuccessfully tried to subdue Karelians, Sweden achieved its goals over the neighbouring Finnish tribes. The Swedes raided Karelian lands, began to convert the local population to
732:, settlers from western Finland mixed with the local population to form the Karelian ethnic group. Possible migration from elsewhere may also have contributed to the Karelian ethnic composition.
1190:
Karelians have been declining in numbers in modern times significantly due to a number of factors. These include low birthrates (characteristic of the region in general) and especially
762:
sources. Several old Scandinavian sagas and chronicles refer to Karelia sometimes as Karjalabotn, Kirjalabotnar, or Kirjaland, which means that Karelians and Karelia were known to the
1540:
902:
After Russia conquered the entire Finnish territories in yet another Russo-Swedish war in 1808–09, it was decided to join the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to the newly formed
4226:
3032:
4385:
4380:
3120:
911:
lost Finnish identity. The process of "finnisation" of Finland started. As part of that process during the 19th century, Finnish folklorists including
3139:
2884:
3338:
3134:
1552:
3889:
2440:
787:
The first mention of Karelians in Russian chronicles dates to 1143, when the Novgorod chronicle mentions that Karelians raided neighbouring
1637:
Ryssittely loppui vasta, kun evakoiden lapset kävivät "sotaan" paikallisia vastaan – 1940-luvun Suomi sopeutti pakolaisiaan kovalla kädellä
1614:
895:
873:
As some of the lands in the eastern Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia became partially depopulated Sweden decided to move settlers from
2901:
3327:
1928:
668:, where they are the designated ethnic group, and in other adjacent north-western parts of the country. They traditionally speak the
2843:
2230:
Peltola, Sanni; Majander, Kerttu; Makarov, Nikolaj; Dobrovolskaya, Maria; Nordqvist, Kerkko; Salmela, Elina; Onkamo, Päivi (2023).
702:, who are a subset of Finns. There were Karelian-speaking Karelians living in the easternmost parts of Finnish Karelia, known as "
747:, the number of archeological discoveries from this time period is lower, though permanent inhabitation was nonetheless present.
1049:. Karelian shamanism is still practiced by some Karelians. Folk-beliefs have also been widely incorporated into Christianity by
821:
In 1323, Karelians suffered a forceful sundering as Sweden and Novgorod divided Karelian lands and their inhabitants by signing
814:
down Kexholm Castle. After this, Sweden and Novgorod engaged in the long conflict for rule over the Karelians and their lands.
870:
minority, while others moved to the region of Valdai in the Novgorod region and yet others to White Karelia by the White Sea.
4587:
2877:
1905:
1692:
1663:
2387:
2381:
2274:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
3813:
209:
1342:
181:
4577:
2433:
1326:
1118:
692:
246:
228:
126:
70:
1100:
4572:
2870:
1880:
188:
93:
17:
1590:
4105:
1096:
788:
166:
1895:
4442:
4175:
3591:
3519:
1136:
935:
874:
711:
699:
1849:
4131:
2426:
1317:
195:
2848:
4415:
673:
776:
in 1187. This mention of Karelian raids on Sweden in the chronicle is given as the main reason to found
653:. This distinction historically arose from Karelia having been fought over and eventually split between
1092:
162:
56:
34:, also known as Finnish Karelians or Karelian Finns, who are a distinct ethnic group living in Finland.
2173:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations"
1565:
177:
4317:
4170:
1591:"Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības (Datums=01.01.2018)"
4592:
4480:
4145:
3148:
2662:
1924:
1148:
1081:
735:
Archeological evidence indicates that Karelian inhabitation was highest along the western shore of
4200:
2893:
2333:
1380:) segments with several other Uralic-speaking groups, including geographically distant ones from
1085:
611:
556:
467:
155:
2412:
This infobox does not include Finnish Karelians, who are considered a subgroup of Finnish people
743:, with multiple cemeteries and other archeological discoveries dating from AD 600 to AD 800. In
645:. Karelians living in Russian Karelia are considered a distinct ethnic group closely related to
3961:
3790:
1337:
is approximately as common for Karelian males, and 10 percent of them belong to the haplogroup
903:
97:
4582:
4253:
3966:
3937:
3874:
2458:
1740:
1354:
1030:
in the easternmost part of Karelian republic is currently considered as language of its own.
858:
local Orthodox population, but after two years of fighting both sides came to a stand-still.
768:
622:
1949:
822:
4400:
4011:
3225:
2069:
2045:
2021:
1997:
1973:
1799:
1346:
1172:
2593:
108:
8:
4268:
4258:
4245:
4063:
3956:
3942:
1377:
1164:
999:
930:
After the Winter War, Finland had to cede the Karelian Isthmus and Ladoga Karelia to the
665:
2093:
1187:
is the only city in Russia where the Karelians form a majority (60% of the population).
4551:
4475:
4420:
4312:
4239:
4155:
3662:
2308:
2273:
2207:
2172:
1826:
1818:
927:
eastern Karelians migrated to Finland by 1922 from different parts of Eastern Karelia.
773:
626:
202:
1183:. The Russians also promised tax deductions if the Orthodox Karelians migrated there.
982:. The sign translates to: "Welcome. Here, Karelian is spoken. Own mind, own language."
4186:
4180:
4160:
4116:
3927:
3669:
2804:
2313:
2295:
2253:
2212:
2194:
2117:
1901:
1688:
1659:
1493:
1409:
1338:
1329:
1053:
Karelians. Karelian tales, along with some Finnish ones, have been collected to form
987:
810:
799:
766:
as early as the 7th century. Another mention of Karelians in Scandinavian sources is
729:
669:
658:
646:
630:
578:
551:
519:
463:
31:
2418:
1830:
1517:
4541:
4405:
4263:
4207:
3991:
3864:
3715:
3481:
3288:
2450:
2353:
2345:
2303:
2285:
2243:
2202:
2184:
1808:
1050:
1043:
991:
939:
740:
602:
594:
586:
495:
483:
479:
475:
2623:
2608:
2375:
1615:"Lietuvos Respublikos 2011 metų visuotinio gyventojų ir būstų surašymo rezultatai"
938:
across Finland's new border from the territories that were to be ceded. After the
912:
751:, South Karelia has been continuously inhabited for approximately 2,000 years. In
4546:
4495:
4470:
4390:
4346:
4294:
4220:
3828:
3775:
3755:
3750:
3735:
3692:
3628:
3466:
3451:
3232:
2822:
2290:
957:
Russian Karelians, living in the Republic of Karelia, are nowadays rapidly being
878:
linguistically, but it did not bring major changes to the ethnic map of Karelia.
833:
White Karelia and came in conflict with the Norwegians on the peninsula of Kola.
685:
3494:
2585:
970:
842:
Sweden, along with other territories, the eastern part of the Karelian Isthmus,
710:). As Finland had to cede parts of Karelia to the Soviet Union in World War II,
4460:
4450:
4150:
4110:
4076:
4045:
4038:
3976:
3902:
3879:
3808:
3745:
3720:
3471:
3351:
3239:
3027:
3001:
2996:
2571:
2528:
2349:
1434:
1334:
1027:
867:
843:
703:
650:
471:
62:
2598:
2248:
2231:
2189:
1321:
PCA and genetic distances of Uralic-speaking populations (Tambets et al 2018).
934:. As the local Karelian population was unwilling to end up under Soviet rule,
4566:
4485:
4436:
4322:
4283:
4278:
4234:
4123:
4058:
4053:
4031:
4006:
3986:
3869:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3740:
3655:
3648:
3634:
3456:
3437:
3432:
3419:
3309:
3302:
3177:
3068:
3037:
2827:
2812:
2501:
2299:
2257:
2198:
1449:
1191:
958:
951:
847:
752:
744:
1795:"Estimating Russification of Ethnic Identity among Non-Russians in the USSR"
4536:
4273:
3859:
3780:
3730:
3705:
3576:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3427:
3371:
3275:
3262:
3197:
3109:
3104:
3090:
2939:
2817:
2784:
2766:
2724:
2511:
2496:
2334:"The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present"
2317:
2232:"Genetic admixture and language shift in the medieval Volga-Oka interfluve"
2216:
1429:
1424:
1414:
1389:
1350:
1014:
863:
677:
514:
2862:
2613:
2603:
2330:
4526:
4516:
4455:
4372:
4194:
4090:
3948:
3785:
3725:
3641:
3581:
3566:
3461:
3204:
3114:
3006:
2911:
2651:
2643:
2506:
1439:
1176:
1156:
943:
918:
759:
736:
681:
500:
2789:
2633:
2628:
994:. There are the dialects of what can be classified of Karelian language
4395:
4328:
4302:
4288:
4083:
3981:
3922:
3615:
3571:
3391:
3381:
3096:
3042:
2776:
2753:
2729:
2358:
2270:
1822:
1046:
4531:
4361:
4336:
4215:
4069:
3932:
3897:
3604:
3489:
3443:
3295:
3191:
3183:
3052:
2952:
2924:
2794:
2741:
2704:
2696:
2536:
2518:
2474:
2467:
2118:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
2094:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
2070:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
2046:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
2022:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1998:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1974:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1950:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1745:
1381:
979:
947:
851:
803:
777:
523:
445:
1813:
1794:
1070:
144:
4356:
4165:
3971:
3851:
3844:
3599:
3551:
3533:
3504:
3406:
3376:
3218:
3212:
3156:
3012:
2982:
2972:
2945:
2931:
2917:
2832:
2716:
2672:
2553:
2542:
2229:
1636:
1468:
1444:
1419:
1370:
1361:
1054:
826:
527:
285:
2484:
890:
279:
4511:
4490:
4410:
4351:
4307:
3833:
3801:
3795:
3700:
3682:
3677:
3509:
3401:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3270:
3162:
3075:
3047:
2977:
2967:
2959:
2736:
2688:
2682:
2547:
1385:
1184:
1180:
763:
661:, resulting in Karelians being under different cultural spheres.
638:
634:
566:
403:
382:
361:
340:
2169:
4465:
4366:
4341:
4001:
3996:
3838:
3823:
3527:
3396:
3386:
3346:
3317:
3280:
3256:
3248:
3169:
3085:
3062:
3019:
2837:
2761:
2677:
2618:
1684:
1655:
1393:
1168:
1160:
1003:
829:, while eastern Karelians were converted to Eastern Orthodoxy.
781:
748:
688:
654:
642:
424:
319:
2147:, p. 95. Finnish Literature Society, 2020. ISBN 9789518581300.
4137:
4097:
4025:
4017:
3710:
3623:
3609:
3541:
3499:
3412:
2988:
2491:
2479:
1397:
1366:
758:
The first written mention of Karelia and Karelians occurs in
104:
4521:
2563:
1194:, due to the predominance of Russian language and culture.
931:
1897:
Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
2393:
1793:
Anderson, Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. (November 1983).
772:. Part of the Chronicle attributes to the Karelians the
1852:[Karelia - language, dialect and place - map].
1562:Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь
1554:Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь
1707:
Sögubrot af nokkurum fornkonungum í Dana- ok Svíaveldi
1151:
by urban and rural settlements in %, 2010 census.
1139:
by urban and rural settlements in %, 2010 census.
698:
In Finland, the term Karelian generally refers to the
691:, as some Karelians migrated to those areas after the
2448:
802:. In 1253, Karelians aided Novgorod in its wars with
798:
In 1227, an attempt was made to convert Karelians to
616:
1856:(in Finnish). Institute for the Languages of Finland
1002:
and in some villages near the Russian border in the
791:(Häme). Russian chronicles referred to Karelians as
169:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2390:(ThisisFINLAND from Ministry for Foreign Affairs)
2384:(ThisisFINLAND from Ministry for Foreign Affairs)
2145:Homo Fennicus – Itämerensuomalaisten etnohistoria
1875:
1873:
1871:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1469:"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020"
4564:
1491:
1687:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 170–171, 192.
1155:Significant enclaves of Karelians exist in the
1868:
1792:
1728:
1678:
1649:
2878:
2434:
1919:
1917:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
818:sufficiently weakened Novgorodian influence.
1844:
1842:
1840:
2892:
1850:"Karjala - kieli, murre ja paikka - kartta"
1658:: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. pp. 186, 188.
1099:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2885:
2871:
2441:
2427:
1914:
1750:
278:
107:. Please do not remove this message until
2357:
2307:
2289:
2247:
2206:
2188:
1837:
1812:
1485:
1119:Learn how and when to remove this message
712:evacuated Karelians and Finnish Karelians
247:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1316:
1142:
1130:
969:
889:
664:In Russia, Karelians mostly live in the
103:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1353:(27.2 %), especially its subclade
14:
4565:
1167:after Russia's defeat in 1617 against
1042:The majority of Russian Karelians are
998:North Karelian (northern parts of the
836:
715:Finnish and now speak mostly Finnish.
2866:
2422:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2139:
2137:
1679:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
1650:Paasikivi, Jyrki; Talka, Anu (2018).
885:
882:these did not meet with any success.
1893:
1518:"Ethnic composition of Ukraine 2001"
1097:adding citations to reliable sources
1064:
583:karjalaižet, karjalazet, karjalaiset
306:Regions with significant populations
167:adding citations to reliable sources
138:
77:
36:
1681:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
1652:Rajamaa - Etelä Karjalan Historia I
1541:Template:Url=https://andmed.stat.ee
24:
2150:
2134:
1881:"Karjala - kieli, murre ja paikka"
1725:Saga Ólafs hins helga Haraldssonar
936:over 400,000 people were evacuated
25:
4604:
2369:
649:, who are considered a subset of
52:This article has multiple issues.
2388:Tracing Finland's Eastern Border
1929:Federal State Statistics Service
1210:Karelians in Russia (1926–2021)
1069:
438:
417:
396:
375:
354:
333:
312:
143:
82:
41:
2382:Saimaa Canal links two Karelias
2324:
2264:
2223:
2110:
2086:
2062:
2038:
2014:
1990:
1966:
1942:
1925:"Национальный состав населения"
1894:Cole, Jeffrey E. (2011-05-25).
1887:
1786:
1775:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1672:
1643:
1147:Settlement of Karelians in the
1135:Settlement of Karelians in the
1060:
637:, which is today split between
154:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
3033:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
2406:
1744:, Chapter 10: The founding of
1640:. yle.fi. Retrieved 2022-2-10.
1628:
1607:
1583:
1545:
1534:
1510:
1461:
723:
13:
1:
2378:(The Peoples of the Red Book)
1455:
1137:Northwestern Federal District
676:. There are also significant
298:
4588:Indigenous peoples of Europe
2291:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
1716:Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar
1564:(in Russian). Archived from
1171:— in order to escape forced
898:(Sammatus), Russian Karelia.
7:
1403:
1312:
1037:
965:
774:sack and pillage of Sigtuna
674:Eastern Orthodox Christians
617:
109:conditions to do so are met
10:
4609:
2350:10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.024
1376:Karelians share more IBD (
990:is closely related to the
718:
29:
4504:
4429:
3915:
3888:
3691:
3590:
3518:
3480:
3337:
3326:
2900:
2803:
2775:
2752:
2715:
2642:
2584:
2457:
2249:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.036
2190:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1
1900:. ABC-CLIO. p. 220.
1770:The Chronicle of Novgorod
1634:Mäntymäki, Varpu (2017).
780:, the current capital of
606:
562:
547:
537:
512:
507:
494:
489:
462:
457:
436:
415:
394:
373:
352:
331:
310:
305:
297:
292:
277:
4578:Ethnic groups in Finland
2399:
2394:Finno-Ugric media center
1782:The Laurentian Chronicle
1553:
1345:among Karelians include
1149:Central Federal District
30:Not to be confused with
4573:Ethnic groups in Russia
2894:Ethnic groups in Russia
1327:Y-chromosome haplogroup
582:
284:Karelian woman playing
2332:Hovig, Eivind (2023).
1492:Languages of Finland.
1322:
1152:
1140:
983:
904:Grand Duchy of Finland
899:
598:
590:
1741:The Chronicle of Erik
1320:
1146:
1134:
973:
893:
769:The Chronicle of Erik
625:ethnic group who are
508:Related ethnic groups
4430:Unrecognized peoples
3916:Other ethnic peoples
3226:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
1093:improve this section
946:, mainly to Sweden,
163:improve this article
4505:Assimilated peoples
3121:Meadow-Eastern Mari
1522:Pop-stat.mashke.org
1378:identity-by-descent
1211:
894:Karelian elders in
837:Early modern period
666:Republic of Karelia
274:
96:of this article is
4552:Siberian Bukharans
3711:Aukhovite Chechens
3663:Siberian Bukharans
2989:Aukhovite Chechens
2242:(1): 174–182.e10.
1571:on 18 October 2013
1349:(45.7 %) and
1323:
1209:
1153:
1141:
1013:Tver Karelian (In
1006:region even today)
984:
974:A store (Karelian
900:
886:Late modern period
262:
4560:
4559:
4189:
4187:Astrakhan Kazakhs
3911:
3910:
3670:Zabolotnie Tatars
3149:Northwestern Mari
2860:
2859:
2663:Northwestern Mari
2449:Peoples speaking
2376:Russian Karelians
1907:978-1-59884-303-3
1694:978-951-37-7468-4
1665:978-951-37-7468-4
1410:List of Karelians
1343:mtDNA haplogroups
1310:
1309:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1000:Karelian republic
988:Karelian language
980:Vedlozero, Russia
823:a peace agreement
811:Roman Catholicism
800:Eastern Orthodoxy
730:Early Middle Ages
700:Finnish Karelians
693:Russo-Swedish War
678:Karelian enclaves
670:Karelian language
647:Finnish Karelians
631:historical region
615:
599:kareler, karelare
572:
571:
533:
532:
520:Finnish Karelians
453:
432:
411:
390:
369:
348:
327:
257:
256:
249:
239:
238:
231:
213:
137:
136:
129:
75:
32:Karelians (Finns)
16:(Redirected from
4600:
4476:Crimean Italians
4445:
4375:
4331:
4297:
4264:Meskhetian Turks
4248:
4229:
4210:
4208:Sakhalin Koreans
4203:
4185:
4140:
4126:
4119:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4020:
3992:Crimean Karaites
3951:
3854:
3847:
3818:
3817:
3804:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3618:
3536:
3446:
3422:
3415:
3335:
3334:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3289:Astrakhan Tatars
3284:
3265:
3251:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3207:
3200:
3186:
3172:
3165:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3099:
3078:
3071:
3022:
3015:
2991:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2451:Uralic languages
2443:
2436:
2429:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2344:(1): 32–46.e19.
2328:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2293:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2192:
2167:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2122:www.demoscope.ru
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2098:www.demoscope.ru
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2074:www.demoscope.ru
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:www.demoscope.ru
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2026:www.demoscope.ru
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2002:www.demoscope.ru
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1978:www.demoscope.ru
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:www.demoscope.ru
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1816:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1465:
1212:
1208:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1104:
1073:
1065:
1044:Eastern Orthodox
992:Finnish language
940:Continuation War
866:and forming the
741:Karelian Isthmus
620:
610:
608:
535:
534:
496:Eastern Orthodox
451:
444:
442:
441:
430:
423:
421:
420:
409:
402:
400:
399:
388:
381:
379:
378:
367:
360:
358:
357:
346:
339:
337:
336:
325:
318:
316:
315:
300:
293:Total population
282:
275:
261:
252:
245:
234:
227:
223:
220:
214:
212:
171:
147:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4593:Karelian people
4563:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4500:
4471:Caucasus Greeks
4443:Afro-Abkhazians
4441:
4425:
4371:
4327:
4295:Kola Norwegians
4293:
4244:
4225:
4206:
4199:
4136:
4122:
4115:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4016:
3947:
3907:
3884:
3850:
3843:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3687:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3629:Siberian Tatars
3614:
3586:
3532:
3514:
3476:
3442:
3418:
3411:
3329:
3322:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3278:
3261:
3247:
3238:
3233:Baikal Cossacks
3231:
3224:
3217:
3203:
3196:
3182:
3168:
3161:
3147:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3119:
3095:
3074:
3067:
3018:
3011:
2987:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2799:
2771:
2748:
2711:
2638:
2580:
2453:
2447:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2372:
2367:
2329:
2325:
2284:(9): e0135820.
2269:
2265:
2236:Current Biology
2228:
2224:
2168:
2151:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1838:
1814:10.2307/2061114
1791:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1751:
1738:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1648:
1644:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1406:
1315:
1185:Olonets (Aunus)
1125:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1090:
1074:
1063:
1040:
968:
888:
846:and modern-day
839:
726:
721:
555:
517:
499:
439:
437:
418:
416:
397:
395:
376:
374:
355:
353:
334:
332:
313:
311:
288:
264:
260:
253:
242:
241:
240:
235:
224:
218:
215:
172:
170:
160:
148:
133:
122:
116:
113:
102:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Karelian people
15:
12:
11:
5:
4606:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4461:Astrakhan Jews
4458:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:Siberian Finns
4042:
4039:Murmansk Finns
4035:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3903:Tver Karelians
3900:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3805:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:Kuban Cossacks
3236:
3229:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3131:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3028:Crimean Tatars
3025:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2572:Volkhov Chudes
2560:
2559:
2558:
2545:
2540:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:Tver Karelians
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2371:
2370:External links
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2177:Genome Biology
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2143:Lang, Valter:
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1989:
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1941:
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1807:(4): 461–489.
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1683:(in Finnish).
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868:Tver Karelians
864:region of Tver
844:Ladoga Karelia
838:
835:
725:
722:
720:
717:
704:Border Karelia
695:of 1656–1658.
570:
569:
564:
560:
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557:Livvi-Karelian
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531:
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510:
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491:
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468:Livvi-Karelian
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4280:
4279:Mountain Jews
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4267:
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4262:
4260:
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4201:North Koreans
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4106:Georgian Jews
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4032:Ingrian Finns
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4019:
4015:
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4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
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3998:
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3990:
3988:
3987:Bukharan Jews
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3656:Kalmak Tatars
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3307:
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3303:Mishar Tatars
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3135:Mountain Mari
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2904:nationalities
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2607:
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2527:
2526:
2525:
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2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Ingrian Finns
2500:
2498:
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2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
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2017:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1979:
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1969:
1955:
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1499:
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1460:
1451:
1450:Karelian pony
1448:
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1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:Russification
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1120:
1112:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:This section
1076:
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1021:
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1005:
1001:
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989:
981:
977:
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960:
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952:North America
949:
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933:
928:
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921:
920:
914:
913:Elias Lönnrot
908:
905:
897:
892:
883:
879:
876:
871:
869:
865:
859:
855:
853:
849:
848:North Karelia
845:
834:
830:
828:
824:
819:
815:
812:
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:
765:
761:
756:
754:
753:North Karelia
750:
746:
745:South Karelia
742:
738:
733:
731:
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Baltic Finnic
619:
613:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
565:
561:
558:
553:
550:
546:
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540:
536:
529:
525:
521:
516:
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502:
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493:
488:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
449:
447:
435:
428:
426:
414:
407:
405:
393:
386:
384:
372:
365:
363:
351:
344:
342:
330:
323:
321:
309:
304:
301:43,000 (2020)
296:
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233:
230:
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211:
208:
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201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180: –
179:
175:
174:Find sources:
168:
164:
158:
157:
152:This article
150:
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140:
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59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4583:Baltic Finns
4274:Montenegrins
3962:Azerbaijanis
3791:Azerbaijanis
3276:Volga Tatars
3263:Tozhu Tuvans
3105:Komi-Permyak
3057:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2667:Eastern Mari
2570:
2562:
2552:
2535:
2523:
2512:Tornedalians
2497:Forest Finns
2466:
2459:Baltic Finns
2408:
2341:
2337:
2326:
2281:
2277:
2266:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2180:
2176:
2144:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:
2112:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:
2088:
2077:. Retrieved
2073:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2016:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1896:
1889:
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1804:
1798:
1788:
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1777:
1769:
1739:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1680:
1674:
1651:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1566:the original
1561:
1547:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:
1487:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1463:
1430:Sweden Finns
1425:Forest Finns
1415:Tornedalians
1390:Volga Tatars
1375:
1360:While their
1359:
1324:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1154:
1115:
1106:
1091:Please help
1079:
1061:Demographics
1041:
1032:
1026:
985:
975:
956:
929:
925:
917:
909:
901:
880:
872:
860:
856:
840:
831:
820:
816:
808:
797:
792:
786:
767:
760:Scandinavian
757:
734:
727:
708:Raja-Karjala
707:
697:
663:
574:
573:
541:
515:Baltic Finns
271:
268:
265:
259:Ethnic group
243:
225:
216:
206:
199:
192:
185:
173:
161:Please help
156:verification
153:
123:
114:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
27:Ethnic group
4456:Armeno-Tats
4373:Ural Swedes
4259:Macedonians
4254:Lithuanians
4091:Mingrelians
3967:Belarusians
3949:Cherkesogai
3812: [
3642:Chat Tatars
3138: [
3124: [
2847: [
2656:Meadow Mari
2644:Volga Finns
2599:Kildin Sámi
2359:10810/60423
1934:30 December
1860:January 10,
1772:, 1016–1471
1620:18 February
1599:18 February
1400:, as well.
1279:Percentage
1247:Population
1179:in Swedish
1177:Lutheranism
1157:Tver oblast
919:Karelianism
737:Lake Ladoga
728:During the
724:Middle Ages
591:karjalaiset
518:Especially
272:karjalaiset
266:karjalaižet
178:"Karelians"
4567:Categories
4416:Vietnamese
4401:Ukrainians
4329:Ruska Roma
4303:Pakistanis
4289:Norwegians
4246:Latgalians
4156:Hungarians
4117:Mennonites
3982:Bulgarians
3865:Tabasarans
3382:Kamchadals
3328:Indigenous
3097:Izhma Komi
3043:Kabardians
2777:Hungarians
2754:Ob-Ugrians
2730:Izhma Komi
2619:Skolt Sámi
2594:Inari Sámi
2183:(1): 139.
2127:2024-08-08
2103:2024-08-08
2079:2024-08-08
2055:2024-08-08
2031:2024-08-08
2007:2024-08-08
1983:2024-08-08
1959:2024-08-08
1800:Demography
1527:2017-03-12
1503:2017-03-12
1478:2023-01-03
1456:References
1382:Volga-Ural
1173:conversion
1109:March 2017
1047:Christians
944:immigrated
896:Sambatuksa
627:indigenous
269:karjalazet
263:Karelians
219:March 2017
189:newspapers
117:March 2017
94:neutrality
57:improve it
4547:Pumpokols
4542:Meshchera
4362:Spaniards
4337:Romanians
4269:Moldovans
4216:Krymchaks
4151:Hamshenis
4070:Adjarians
4064:Georgians
4012:Estonians
3957:Assyrians
3943:Armenians
3933:Americans
3898:Besermyan
3809:Kubachins
3751:Chamalals
3736:Bagvalals
3605:Kumandins
3534:Hamnigans
3490:Izhorians
3482:Northwest
3452:Nganasans
3444:Khandeyar
3339:Far North
3310:Nağaybäks
3296:Kryashens
3192:Ossetians
3184:Khandeyar
3058:Karelians
3053:Karachays
2953:Telengits
2925:Natukhajs
2823:Nganasans
2795:Magyarabs
2742:Besermans
2697:Meshchera
2659:Hill Mari
2614:Pite Sámi
2604:Lule Sámi
2537:Livonians
2524:Karelians
2519:Izhorians
2475:Estonians
2468:Bjarmians
2300:1932-6203
2258:0960-9822
2199:1474-760X
1746:Stockholm
1494:"Finland"
1362:autosomal
1202:Karelia.
1165:resettled
1080:does not
1017:, Russia)
1015:Tver area
948:Australia
852:Izhorians
804:Estonians
778:Stockholm
612:romanized
575:Karelians
542:Karelians
524:Izhorians
458:Languages
446:Lithuania
105:talk page
63:talk page
4496:Sireniki
4437:Africans
4386:Turkmens
4357:Slovenes
4313:Persians
4240:Latvians
4171:Japanese
4166:Italians
3972:Bosniaks
3880:Tsakhurs
3852:Karagash
3845:Ak Nogai
3776:Khwarshi
3756:Godoberi
3746:Botlikhs
3721:Akhvakhs
3693:Dagestan
3683:Tofalars
3600:Kamasins
3552:Negidals
3520:Far East
3505:Vepsians
3467:Yukaghir
3407:Alyutors
3377:Itelmens
3352:Chukchis
3219:Cossacks
3213:Russians
3157:Mordvins
3013:Besleney
3007:Cherkess
2983:Chechens
2973:Bashkirs
2960:Tubalars
2946:Chelkans
2940:Altaians
2932:Shapsugs
2918:Bzhedugs
2833:Kamasins
2805:Samoyeds
2790:Székelys
2717:Permians
2673:Mordvins
2634:Ume Sámi
2629:Ter Sámi
2554:Kreevins
2543:Vepsians
2318:26332464
2278:PLOS ONE
2217:30241495
1854:kotus.fi
1831:46985587
1575:1 August
1445:Kalevala
1420:Ingrians
1404:See also
1371:Vepsians
1313:Genetics
1265:124,921
1262:133,182
1259:141,148
1256:164,050
1253:249,855
1250:248,030
1055:Kalevala
1051:Orthodox
1038:Religion
966:Language
959:absorbed
827:Lutheran
789:Tavastia
739:and the
686:Novgorod
672:and are
659:Novgorod
621:) are a
579:Karelian
552:Karelian
548:Language
528:Vepsians
503:minority
501:Lutheran
498:majority
490:Religion
464:Karelian
286:jouhikko
98:disputed
4512:Agrzhan
4491:Qaratay
4481:Korlaks
4421:Yazidis
4411:Uyghurs
4352:Slovaks
4308:Pamiris
4227:Kurmanj
4195:Koreans
4181:Kazakhs
4161:Indians
4111:Germans
4077:Ingiloy
4007:Dungans
3977:Britons
3928:Afghans
3834:Lezgins
3802:Kaitags
3796:Dargins
3771:Karatas
3766:Hunzibs
3761:Hinukhs
3741:Bezhtas
3701:Abazins
3678:Teleuts
3592:Siberia
3510:Votians
3457:Selkups
3402:Koryaks
3367:Dolgans
3362:Chuvans
3357:Chulyms
3330:peoples
3271:Udmurts
3163:Mokshas
3076:Abugach
3069:Koibals
3048:Kalmyks
3002:Chuvash
2997:Chukchi
2978:Buryats
2968:Balkars
2902:Titular
2828:Selkups
2785:Csángós
2737:Udmurts
2689:Meryans
2683:Mokshas
2309:4558026
2208:6151024
1823:2061114
1386:Siberia
1274:32,422
1271:60,815
1268:93,344
1215:Census
1181:Karelia
1101:removed
1086:sources
962:later.
875:Savonia
793:Koryela
764:Vikings
719:History
689:oblasts
680:in the
639:Finland
635:Karelia
629:to the
614::
603:Russian
595:Swedish
587:Finnish
567:Karelia
563:Country
484:Swedish
480:Finnish
476:Russian
404:Belarus
383:Estonia
362:Ukraine
345:10,000
341:Finland
324:32,422
203:scholar
4532:Muroma
4466:Buzava
4406:Uzbeks
4381:Tajiks
4367:Swedes
4342:Rusyns
4235:Kyrgyz
4132:Greeks
4059:Gagauz
4054:French
4002:Czechs
3997:Cubans
3923:Abkhaz
3870:Talysh
3860:Rutuls
3839:Nogais
3824:Kumyks
3781:Tindis
3731:Archis
3706:Aghuls
3624:Soyots
3562:Orochs
3557:Nivkhs
3528:Evenks
3472:Yupiks
3438:Nenets
3433:Naukan
3420:Karaga
3397:Khanty
3387:Kereks
3347:Aleuts
3318:Yakuts
3281:Tatars
3257:Tuvans
3249:Pomors
3198:Digors
3178:Nenets
3170:Erzyas
3086:Khanty
3063:Khakas
3038:Ingush
3020:Ademey
2912:Adyghe
2844:Mators
2838:Yurats
2813:Nenets
2762:Khanty
2705:Muroma
2678:Erzyas
2316:
2306:
2298:
2256:
2215:
2205:
2197:
1904:
1829:
1821:
1691:
1685:Keuruu
1662:
1656:Keuruu
1394:Yakuts
1341:. The
1339:I-M170
1306:0.02%
1303:0.04%
1300:0.06%
1297:0.08%
1294:0.10%
1291:0.11%
1288:0.14%
1285:0.23%
1282:0.27%
1169:Sweden
1161:Russia
1004:Kainuu
976:laukku
782:Sweden
749:Lappee
655:Sweden
643:Russia
618:karely
607:карелы
538:People
526:, and
513:Other
472:Ludian
452:(2011)
443:
431:(2018)
425:Latvia
422:
410:(2009)
401:
389:(2021)
380:
368:(2001)
366:1,522
359:
347:(1994)
338:
326:(2020)
320:Russia
317:
205:
198:
191:
184:
176:
4537:Merya
4527:Kotts
4517:Asans
4451:Ainus
4391:Turks
4347:Serbs
4318:Poles
4284:Mugat
4221:Kurds
4138:Urums
4098:Svans
4026:Finns
4018:Setos
3938:Arabs
3890:Other
3816:]
3726:Andis
3716:Avars
3610:Shors
3582:Ulchs
3577:Udege
3567:Oroks
3547:Nanai
3542:Evens
3500:Setos
3462:Yughs
3428:Mansi
3413:Apuka
3372:Enets
3205:Irons
3142:]
3128:]
3110:Mansi
2851:]
2818:Enets
2767:Mansi
2564:Chuds
2548:Votes
2507:Kvens
2492:Finns
2485:Võros
2480:Setos
2400:Notes
1827:S2CID
1819:JSTOR
1594:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1558:(PDF)
1440:Kvens
1398:Evens
1367:Finns
1242:2021
1239:2010
1236:2002
1233:1989
1230:1979
1227:1970
1224:1959
1221:1939
1218:1926
1028:Ludic
1023:WWII)
978:) in
651:Finns
210:JSTOR
196:books
4522:Chud
4396:Udis
4323:Roma
4176:Jews
3875:Tats
3829:Laks
3786:Tsez
3495:Sámi
3392:Kets
3279:(as
3115:Mari
3091:Komi
2725:Komi
2652:Mari
2586:Sámi
2338:Cell
2314:PMID
2296:ISSN
2254:ISSN
2213:PMID
2195:ISSN
1936:2022
1902:ISBN
1862:2021
1689:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1622:2018
1601:2018
1577:2012
1396:and
1384:and
1369:and
1325:The
1084:any
1082:cite
986:The
950:and
932:USSR
684:and
682:Tver
657:and
641:and
429:192
408:302
387:290
182:news
91:The
4146:Han
4084:Laz
3616:Aba
3572:Taz
2354:hdl
2346:doi
2342:186
2304:PMC
2286:doi
2244:doi
2203:PMC
2185:doi
1809:doi
1373:.
1335:R1a
1330:N1c
1175:to
1159:of
1095:by
706:" (
633:of
450:39
165:by
4569::
3814:ru
3140:ru
3126:ru
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2567:†
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2280:.
2276:.
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2179:.
2175:.
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2120:.
2096:.
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2000:.
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1825:.
1817:.
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1520:.
1496:.
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