773::"The work connects the origin of the Gangas to the origin of the Karkatha Vellalas of Karnataka. Gangeya Murthaka pala was born to Lord Shiva and he had two wives; the first wife had 54 sons & the second wife had 52 sons. Out of these Bhupalar, (one who practiced Agriculture) gave birth to 35 Vellala leaders, Dhanapalar, who was into trade, gave birth to 35 Vellala leaders Gopalar, (one who herded cattle) and one Agamurthi gave birth to 1 Vellala leader."
507:
521:
535:
348:
country. The manuscript goes on to describe the decline in the position of the
Karkathar after the initial golden age due to the fighting between the two branches over various issues such as land, rights to the water of the river Vellar, temples etc. and the subsequent settlement and dominance of the
254:
Gangeya
Murthaka pala was born to Lord Shiva and he had two wives; the first wife had 54 sons & the second wife had 52 sons. Out of these Bhupalar, (one who practiced Agriculture) gave birth to 35 Vellala leaders, Dhanapalar, who was into trade, gave birth to 35 Vellala leaders Gopalar, (one who
343:
country) mostly consisted of the regions north of the river Vellar except for the western part of the state where it included certain regions south of the river as well. Kanādu, literally meaning the land of the forests was included in the
330:
era, there is strong evidence of increasing agrarian settlement, the growth of villages, institutions, the construction and expansion of temples. According to the
Tekkattur manuscript, the Karkathar were initially divided into
690:
691:
K. A. NILAKANTA SASTRI, M.A., Emeritus
Professor of Indian History and Archaeology, University of Madras. Professor of Indology. University of Mysore. (1955).
353:
by both branches. The copper plate inscriptions held by every
Maravar community in the region indicates that the Kōnāttu vellalar were victorious in the end.
588:
706:
801:
VELLALAR , Kongu. They are variously referred to as
Bupaalan , Buvaisya, Dhevar, Gangavamsam, Rayar and most commonly vivasayee and kudiyaanavar.
164:
identifies the
Kalabhras with the Kalappalar section of the Vellalar and equates king Achyuta Vikranta with Achyuta Kalappala the father of
215:
According to tradition, the
Karkathar migrated from the Gangetic plains and over time spread over the entire macro region of present-day
246:
written in the year 1936 by
Thandavarayan Pillai ,connects the origin of the Gangas to the origin of the Karakatha Vellalas of southern
949:
794:
768:
KARMANDALA SATAKAM: POLITICO-SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF MEDIEVAL TAMIL LITERATURE ON THE VELLALA COMMUNITY OF SOUTH KARNATAKA
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113:
1032:
1042:
976:
926:
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614:
1037:
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366:
184:, verse 3179) to his patron Achyuta Vikranta who was then (fifth century CE) ruling the Chola kingdom as
17:
263:. They derive from word-elements associated with each occupational sub-group. For the agriculturists,
766:
1027:
454:
1047:
1002:
Social science and social concern: felicitation volume in honour of
Professor B.K. Roy Burman
647:. Publisher: Society for Archaeological, Historical, and Epigraphical Research. p. 72.
362:
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region was sparsely populated until the early Chola period. But with the beginning of the
8:
700:
458:
161:
972:
945:
922:
888:
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308:
274:
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Salem cyclopedia: a cultural and historical dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu
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Salem Cyclopedia: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu
616:
Salem Cyclopedia: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu
269:
is used. This refers to the earth, as with the Hindu goddess who represents earth,
339:, each of which had many exogamous sub-divisions. Kōnādu or the land of the king (
966:
939:
916:
902:
882:
563:
540:
270:
235:, this theory is purely mythical , these sathakams were primarily written by the
156:(from third to sixth century CE), the Tamil lands were ruled by a dynasty called
912:
558:
446:
319:
259:
The names Bhupālar, Dhanapālar, and Gopālar refer to the three subdivisions of
197:
141:
53:
1021:
553:
512:
397:
153:
110:
935:
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841:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. pp. 255, 257, 258.
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The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilnadu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation
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The Tyagaraja Cult in Tamilnadu: A Study in Conflict and Accommodation
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to claim a higher social status for themselves in the Hindu society.
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Historian Usha R. Vijailakshmi observes that Verse 34 of the fake
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country was settled by these people after they had resided in the
789:. India: Institute of Kongu Studies (Salem, India). p. 340.
619:. India: Institute of Kongu Studies (Salem, India). p. 340.
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474:
442:
209:
719:
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herded cattle) and one Agamurthi gave birth to 1 Vellala leader.
435:
413:
350:
345:
224:
103:
83:
665:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 258.
431:
340:
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228:
205:
173:
106:
63:
645:
Madurai Through the Ages From the Earliest Times to 1801 A.D
968:
Applied anthropology and challenges of development in India
193:
959:
Volume 10 of Karnataka State Gazetteer, Karnataka (India)
722:
Pāli, A Grammar of the Language of the Theravāda Tipiṭaka
349:
Maravars in the region who were initially imported from
490:, the son of Achyuta Kalappaalar and the author of the
494:
scripture Sivagnana bodham hailed from this community.
857:
845:
678:
Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad: To A.D. 1336
176:
kingdom and authored Buddhist manuals refers (in the
921:(Reprinted ed.), University of Michigan Press,
818:
806:
502:
301:, 'riches') and for the cattle-herders, the element
200:, the word Kalamba or Kalambam (in Tamil) means the
918:
The hollow crown: ethnohistory of an Indian kingdom
743:
302:
294:
282:
264:
941:Peasant state and society in medieval South India
361:Gnanasambandhar, the founder of the Saivite mutt
1019:
836:
734:
660:
1011:Tamil culture in Ceylon: a general introduction
760:
758:
675:
356:
771:. India: Indian History Congress. p. 430.
642:
288:
287:signifies wealth or material goods (Sanskrit:
381:Areas of Karkathar population have included:
144:), signifying 'The one who waited for rain'.
764:
755:
705:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
168:who hailed from the Kaarukaathar community.
27:Hindu caste found in Indian state Tamil Nadu
365:that historically managed temples like the
152:In the years that immediately followed the
135:
129:
904:Madras District Gazetteers: Salem, Madras
720:Thomas Oberlies, Richard Pischel (2001).
208:symbol that is associated with Tamil god
880:
782:
612:
656:
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315:, 'cow, domestic bovine') is employed.
14:
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911:
824:
812:
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651:
172:, the Pali writer who stayed in the
695:. G. S. Press, Madras. p. 108.
190:the favourite of the Kalamba family
24:
986:
907:, Superintendent, Government Press
25:
1059:
739:. National Book Trust. p. 8.
481:
724:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 88.
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231:country. According to historian
830:
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887:, Institute of Kongu Studies,
765:Vijailakshmi, Usha R. (2010).
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1:
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373:hailed from this community.
357:As founders of Saivite Mutts
318:According to anthropologist
123:
7:
1033:Social groups of Tamil Nadu
944:, Oxford University Press,
498:
441:Southern districts such as
10:
1064:
881:Rajannan, Busnagi (1992),
783:Rajannan, Busnagi (1992).
613:Rajannan, Busnagi (1992).
147:
965:Mathur, P. R. G. (1994),
837:Rajeshwari Ghose (1996).
735:K. R. Srinivasan (1979).
693:The Colas, Second Edition
661:Rajeshwari Ghose (1996).
438:taluks of Salem district.
312:
289:
278:
79:
69:
59:
49:
39:
34:
1043:South Indian communities
676:N. Subrahmanian (1993).
160:. Scholar and historian
643:D. Devakunjari (1979).
428:, Villupuram districts.
303:
295:
283:
265:
1038:Vegetarian communities
994:People of India: A - G
901:Baliga, B. S. (1967),
737:Temples of South India
281:). For the merchants,
257:
136:
130:
252:
680:. Ennes. p. 67.
631:Rulers of the clouds
363:Dharmapuram Adheenam
186:Kalamba-kula nandane
913:Dirks, Nicholas B.
307:, signifying cow (
244:Karmandala Satakam
162:M. Raghava Iyengar
971:, Punthi-Pustak,
951:978-0-19-561065-9
796:978-8-19002-880-6
626:978-8-19002-880-6
367:Thyagaraja temple
320:Nicholas B. Dirks
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16:(Redirected from
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219:. According to
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482:Notable people
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455:Ramanathapuram
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140:, 'waiter' in
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825:Dirks (1993)
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813:Dirks (1993)
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596:. Retrieved
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527:India portal
471:Thirunelveli
463:Virudhunagar
402:Nagapattinam
380:
377:Distribution
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258:
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243:
241:
233:Burton Stein
220:
214:
202:Kadamba tree
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134:'rain', and
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99:subcaste of
93:Kaarkaathaar
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35:Kaarkaathaar
29:
589:"Karkathar"
418:Chidambaram
170:Buddhadatta
1022:Categories
570:References
467:Thootukudi
459:Sivagangai
422:Pudukottai
406:Thiruvarur
390:Kumbakonam
371:Thiruvarur
324:Pudukottai
217:Tamil Nadu
154:Sangam age
118:Tamil Nadu
74:Tamil Nadu
18:Karkarthar
701:cite book
575:Citations
426:Cuddalore
410:Mayavaram
386:Thanjavur
337:Kōnāttars
333:Kanāttars
248:Karnataka
237:Vellalars
166:Meykandar
158:Kalabhras
124:Etymology
50:Languages
40:Religions
938:(1980),
915:(1993),
549:Vellalar
499:See also
451:Dindigul
394:Ariyalur
309:Sanskrit
275:Sanskrit
261:Vaishyas
221:satakams
188:meaning
101:Vellalar
97:Agrarian
44:Hinduism
598:25 June
492:Saivite
475:Tenkasi
443:Madurai
210:Murugan
206:totemic
148:History
109:in the
95:is an
60:Country
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436:Omalur
414:Trichy
351:Ramnad
346:Pandya
322:, the
297:dhánya
225:Pandya
223:, the
137:kathar
111:Indian
84:Pandya
80:Region
473:and
447:Theni
432:Attur
341:Chola
328:Chola
284:dhana
271:Bhūmi
229:Chola
198:Tamil
192:. In
174:Chola
142:Tamil
114:state
107:caste
104:Hindu
64:India
54:Tamil
973:ISBN
946:ISBN
923:ISBN
889:ISBN
791:ISBN
707:link
621:ISBN
600:2023
434:and
335:and
290:धन्य
279:भूमि
194:Pali
86:nadu
369:at
273:, (
266:bhu
180:of
131:kar
116:of
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388:.
313:गो
311::
304:go
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120:.
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1004:.
709:)
602:.
477:.
424:,
20:)
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