Kate Chopin - Knowledge

728:, alongside "A Visit to Avoyelles", another of Chopin's short stories, under the heading "Character Studies: The Father of Desiree's Baby – The Lover of Mentine". "A Visit to Avoyelles" typifies the local color writing that Chopin was known, and it is one of her stories that shows a couple in a completely fulfilled marriage. While Doudouce is hoping otherwise, he sees ample evidence that Mentine and Jules' marriage is a happy and fulfilling one, despite the poverty-stricken circumstances in which they live. In contrast, "Desiree's Baby", which is much more controversial due to the topic of interracial relationships, portrays a marriage in trouble. The other contrasts to "A Visit to Avoyelles" are clear, but some are more subtle than others. Unlike Mentine and Jules, Armand and Desiree are rich and own slaves and a plantation. Mentine and Jules' marriage has weathered many hard times, while Armand and Desiree's falls apart at the first sign of trouble. Kate Chopin was talented at showing various sides of marriages and local people and their lives, making her writing very broad and sweeping in topic, even as she had many common themes in her work. 719:, a kind of common-law marriage. There and in the country, she lived with a society based on the history of slavery and the continuation of plantation life to a great extent. Mixed-race people were numerous in New Orleans and the South. This story addresses the racism of 19th century America; persons who were visibly European-American could be threatened by the revelation of also having African ancestry. Chopin was not afraid to address such issues, which were often suppressed and intentionally ignored by others. Her character Armand tries to deny this reality, when he refuses to believe that he is of partial black descent, as it threatens his ideas about himself and his status in life. R. R. Foy believed that Chopin's story reached the level of great fiction, in which the only true subject is "human existence in its subtle, complex, true meaning, stripped of the view with which ethical and conventional standards have draped it". 732:

time progresses. To demonstrate this, Cutter claims that Chopin's earlier stories, such as "At the 'Cadian Ball", "Wiser than a God", and "Mrs. Mobry's Reason" present women who are outright resisting, and are therefore not taken seriously, erased, or called insane. However, in Chopin's later stories, the female characters take on a different voice of resistance, one that is more "covert" and works to undermine patriarchal discourse from within. Cutter exemplifies this idea through the presentation of Chopin's works written after 1894. Cutter claims that Chopin wanted to "disrupt patriarchal discourse, without being censored by it". And to do this, Chopin tried different strategies in her writings: silent women, overly resistant women, women with a "voice covert", and women who mimic patriarchal discourse.

453: 603: 867: 1026:'s rediscovery of Chopin caused her work to be seen as essential feminist and Southern literature from the 19th century. Seyersted wrote that she "broke new ground in American Literature". According to Emily Toth, author of a recent Chopin biography, Kate Chopin's work rose in popularity and recognition during the 1970s due to themes of women venturing outside of the constraints set upon them by society, which appealed to people participating in feminist activism and the 2848: 536: 157: 772: 598:...I read his stories and marveled at them. Here was life, not fiction; for where were the plots, the old fashioned mechanism and stage trapping that in a vague, unthinkable way I had fancied were essential to the art of story making. Here was a man who had escaped from tradition and authority, who had entered into himself and looked out upon life through his own being and with his own eyes; and who, in a direct and simple way, told us what he saw... 2118: 2086: 2867: 524:, her second novel, was published. While some newspaper critics reviewed the novel favorably, the critical reception was largely negative. The critics considered the behavior of the novel's characters, especially the women, as well as Chopin's general treatment of female sexuality, motherhood, and marital infidelity, to be in conflict with prevailing standards of moral conduct and therefore offensive. 829:. In his essay, Darwin suggests female inferiority and says that males had "gained the power of selection". Bender argues that in her writing, Chopin presented women characters that had selective power based on their own sexual desires, not the want of reproduction or love. Bender argues this idea through the examples of Edna Pontellier in 692:. By the early 1890s, Chopin forged a successful writing career, contributing short stories and articles to local publications and literary journals. She also initially wrote a number of short stories such as "A Point at Issue!", "A No-Account Creole", "Beyond the Bayou", which were published in various magazines. In 1890, her first novel, 943:: "To one who has read her as a boy and come back to her again with powers of appreciation more subtly developed, she breathes the magic of a whole chapter in his life." "...redible evidence exists that Johns shared his positive views of Chopin with his literary peers, a tight-knit group that included feminist writers 679:

in terms of her work. In order for a story to be autobiographical, or even biographical, Marquand writes, there has to be a nonfictional element, but more often than not the author exaggerates the truth to spark and hold interest for the readers. Kate Chopin might have been surprised to know her work

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Kate Chopin lived in a variety of locations, based on different economies and societies. These were sources of insights and observations from which she analyzed and expressed her ideas about late 19th-century society in the Southern United States. She was brought up by women who were primarily ethnic

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The novel explores the theme of marital infidelity from the perspective of a married woman. The book was widely banned, and it fell out of print for several decades, then was republished in the 1970s. It now is considered a classic of feminist fiction. Chopin reacted to the negative events happening

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Chopin went beyond Maupassant's technique and style to give her writing its own flavor. She had an ability to perceive life and creatively express it. She concentrated on women's lives and their continual struggles to create an identity of their own within the Southern society of the late nineteenth

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This novel, her best-known work, is the story of a woman trapped within the confines of an oppressive society. Out of print for several decades, it was rediscovered in the 1970s, when there was a wave of new studies and appreciation of women's writings. The novel has been reprinted and now is widely

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At the age of five, she was sent to Sacred Heart Academy, where she learned how to handle her own money and make her own decisions. Upon her father's death, she was brought home to live with her grandmother and great-grandmother, comprising three generations of women who were widowed young and never

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Martha Cutter argues that Kate Chopin demonstrates feminine resistance to patriarchal society through her short stories. Cutter claims that Chopin's resistance can be traced through the timeline of her work, with Chopin becoming more and more understanding of how women can fight back suppression as

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after the successive loss of her husband, her business, and her mother. Chopin's obstetrician and family friend Dr. Frederick Kolbenheyer suggested that she start writing, believing that it could be therapeutic for her. He believed that writing could be a focus for her energy as well as a source of

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was considered to be immoral due to the overt themes of female sexuality, as well as the female protagonist's constantly rebuking gender roles and norms. There have been rumors that the novel originally was banned, which have been disproved. Local and national newspapers published mixed reviews of

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She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and

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stated that it was ultimately a struggle doomed to failure because the patriarchal conventions of her society restricted her freedom. Karen Simons felt that this failed struggle was perfectly captured by the ending of the novel, where Edna Pontellier ends her life due to her realization that she

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remarried. For two years, she was tutored at home by her great-grandmother, Victoria (or Victoire) Charleville, who taught French, music, history, gossip, and the need to look on life without fear. After those two years, Kate went back to Sacred Heart Academy, which her best friend and neighbor,

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noted that "for a while the widow Kate ran his business and flirted outrageously with local men; (she even engaged in a relationship with a married farmer)." Although Chopin worked to make her late husband's plantation and general store succeed, she sold her Louisiana business two years later.

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By the 1950s, Kate Chopin was all but forgotten. Her books were all out of print, only her story "Désirée's Baby" was in print in numerous American short story anthologies. That started to change in 1962, when noted literary critic Edmund Wilson included her as one of 30 authors discussed in

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I never dreamt of Mrs. Pontellier making such a mess of things and working out her own damnation as she did. If I had had the slightest intimation of such a thing I would have excluded her from the company. But when I found out what she was up to, the play was half over and it was then too

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Chopin took strong interest in her surroundings and wrote about many of her observations. Jane Le Marquand assesses Chopin's writings as a new feminist voice, while other intellectuals recognize it as the voice of an individual who happens to be a woman. Marquand writes, "Chopin undermines

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Martha Cutter's article "The Search for a Feminine Voice in the Works of Kate Chopin" analyzes the female characters in many of Chopin's stories. Cutter argues that Chopin's opinion of women as being "the invisible and unheard sex" is exemplified through the characterization of Edna in

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by endowing the Other, the woman, with an individual identity and a sense of self, a sense of self to which the letters she leaves behind give voice. The 'official' version of her life, that constructed by the men around her, is challenged and overthrown by the woman of the story."

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Chopin's novel with one calling it "poison" and "unpleasant", going on to say it was "too strong a drink for moral babes", while another newspaper published a review calling Choppn, "A St. Louis Woman Who Has Turned Fame Into Literature". The majority of the early reviews for

441:, also attended, and where her mentor, Mary O'Meara, taught. A gifted writer of both verse and prose, O'Meara guided her student to write regularly, to judge herself critically, and to conduct herself valiantly. Nine days after Kate and Kitty's first communions in May 1861, 979:. Unhappy that he had to read some of her works on microfilm at the Library of Congress, Wilson urged Per Seyersted, a Norwegian who had written an article on her and who was studying in America, to focus his studies on her. Seven years later, in 1969, Seyersted published 547:

were scandalous and therefore not socially embraced. Chopin was discouraged by the lack of acceptance, but she continued to write, primarily writing short stories. In 1900, she wrote "The Gentleman from New Orleans". That same year she was listed in the first edition of

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Kate Chopin wrote the majority of her short stories and novels from 1889 to 1904. Altogether, Chopin wrote about 100 short stories or novels during her time as a fiction writer; her short stories were published in a number of local newspapers including the

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has been characterized as feminist in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, just as she had been in her own time to have it described as immoral. Critics tend to regard writers as individuals with larger points of view addressed to factions in society.

928:, one of Chopin's most well known biographers, thought she had gone too far with this novel. She argued that the protagonist Edna's blatant sensuality was too much for the male gatekeepers. So much so that publication of her next novel was cancelled. 610:

Kate Chopin is an example of a revisionist myth-maker because she revises myth more realistically about marriage and female sexuality of her time. The biggest myth Chopin focused on was the "Victorian notion of women's somewhat anemic sexuality" and

1093:"I want you to take your time with it," he cautions. "Pay attention to the language itself. The ideas. Don't think in terms of a beginning and an end. Because unlike some plot-driven entertainments, there is no closure in real life. Not really." 1011:

from Wolfe's comments was featured prominently below the title and author's name at the top of the cover: "'Speaks to me as pertinently as any fiction published this year or last. It is uncanny, nothing else . . . A masterpiece.' Linda Wolfe,

648:, she said so. She was nonetheless a woman who took women extremely seriously. She never doubted women's ability to be strong." Kate Chopin's sympathies lay with the individual in the context of his and her personal life and society. 789:

is considered ahead of its time, garnering more negative reviews than positive from contemporary sources. Chopin was discouraged by this criticism, and she turned to writing short stories almost exclusively. The female characters in

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wrote "some of work is equal to the best that has been produced in France or even in America. what may be described as a native aptitude for narration amounting almost to genius." She was not related to famous Polish composer

1030:. She also argues that the works appealed to women in the 1960s, "a time when American women yearned to know about our feisty foremothers". Academics and scholars began to put Chopin in the same feminist categories as 994:

to kickstart the rediscovery of Chopin by the general public. In "There's Someone You Should Know – Kate Chopin", she described how she encouraged friends disappointed with contemporary fiction to discover Chopin and how

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Chopin's mother had implored her to move back to St. Louis, which she did, with her mother's financial support. Her children gradually settled into life in the bustling city, but Chopin's mother died the following year.

619:, portraits of women were revised by Kate Chopin to obtain consummation in roles other than marriage to evince a passionate nature considered inappropriate by conventional, patriarchal standards of Victorian America. 586:

cultures after she joined her husband in Louisiana, she based many of her stories and sketches on her life in Louisiana. They expressed her unusual portrayals of women as individuals with separate wants and needs.

399: 511:, and in various literary magazines. During a period of considerable publishing of folk tales, works in dialect, and other elements of Southern folk life, she was considered a regional writer who provided 462:

In St. Louis, Missouri on June 8, 1870, she married Oscar Chopin and settled with him in his home town of New Orleans. The Chopins had six children between 1871 and 1879: in order of birth, Jean Baptiste,

696:, about a young widow and the sexual constraints of women, was published privately. The protagonist demonstrates the initial theme of Kate Chopin's works when she began writing. In 1892, Chopin produced " 554:. However, she never earned a significant amount of money from her writing, instead living off of the investments she made locally in Louisiana and St. Louis of the inheritance from her mother's estate. 1243: 33: 1309:

Her home with Oscar Chopin in Cloutierville was built by Alexis Cloutier in the early part of the 19th century. In the late 20th century, the house was designated as the Kate Chopin House, a

257:; February 8, 1850 – August 22, 1904) was an American author of short stories and novels based in Louisiana. She is considered by scholars to have been a forerunner of American 20th-century 1313:(NHL), because of her literary significance. The house was adapted for use as the Bayou Folk Museum. On October 1, 2008, the house was destroyed by a fire, with little left but the chimney. 841:. Cutter argues that Chopin's writing was shocking due to its sexual identity and articulation of feminine desire. According to Cutter, Chopin's stories disrupt patriarchal norms. Today, 975: 445:. During the war, Kate's half-brother died of fever, and her great-grandmother died as well. After the war ended, Kitty and her family were banished from St. Louis for supporting the 939:, calling her "an influential modernist poet and progressive journalist originally from St. Louis who was popular in Greenwich Village literary circles". in 1911 he wrote in 433:. She became an avid reader of fairy tales, poetry, religious allegories, and classic and contemporary novels. She graduated from Sacred Heart Convent in St. Louis in 1868. 374:, respectively. The characters in her stories are usually residents of Louisiana, and many are Creoles of various ethnic or racial backgrounds. Many of her works are set in 663:

education and rights afterward, as well as the emergence of feminism. Her ideas and descriptions were not reporting, but her stories expressed the reality of her world.

627:", Mrs. Mallard allows herself time to reflect after learning of her husband's death. Instead of dreading the lonely years ahead, she stumbles upon another realization: 959:, a book once thought of as a literary dead end in terms of influence on the next generation of feminist writers. Textual comparisons between specific texts in Kelly's 421:

Kate was the third of five children, but her sisters died in infancy and her half-brothers (from her father's first marriage) died in their early 20s. They were raised

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Chopin was born Katherine O'Flaherty in St. Louis, Missouri. Her father, Thomas O'Flaherty, was a successful businessman who had immigrated to the United States from

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of color in Louisiana. She came of age when slavery was institutionalized in St. Louis and the South. In Louisiana, there had been communities established of

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

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Through her stories, Chopin wrote a kind of autobiography and described her societies; she had grown up in a time when her surroundings included the

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spoke to her today. The last step required to bring the novel to general awareness happened almost immediately. Before the year was out, a major

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and a general store. They became active in the community, where Chopin found, in the local creole culture, much material for her future writing.

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Berkove, Lawrence I (2000) "Fatal Self-Assertion in Kate Chopin's 'The Story of an Hour'". American Literary Realism 32.2, pp. 152–158.

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Kate Chopin has been credited by some as a pioneer of the early feminist movement despite not achieving any literary rewards for her works.

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is the best example of Kate Chopin using that myth through a character set on fulfilling her complete sexual potential. For instance, in

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went beyond the standards of social norms of the time. The protagonist has sexual desires and questions the sanctity of motherhood.

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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

298:. From 1892 to 1895, Chopin wrote short stories for both children and adults that were published in national magazines, including 3162: 715:, especially in New Orleans, where formal arrangements were made between white men and free women of color or enslaved women for 3745: 3181: 1290: 2529: 467:, George Francis, Frederick, Felix Andrew, and Lélia (baptized Marie Laïza). In 1879, Oscar Chopin's cotton brokerage failed. 2912: 2796: 2431: 2230: 1842: 1518: 1357: 895:

was well-reviewed, with Chopin's writing about how she had seen 100 press notices about it. Those stories were published in

322:. Her stories aroused controversy because of her subjects and her approach; they were condemned as immoral by some critics. 1198: 442: 1614: 1674: 485:

When Oscar Chopin died in 1882, he left Kate $ 42,000 in debt (approximately $ 1.33 million in 2024). The scholar

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The short story "Désirée's Baby" focuses on Chopin's experience with interracial relationships and communities of the

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Not many writers during the mid- to late 19th century were bold enough to address subjects that Chopin addressed.

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Nilsen, Helge Normann. "American Women's Literature in the Twentieth Century: A Survey of Some Feminist Trends",

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Within a decade of her death, Chopin was widely recognized as one of the leading writers of her time. In 1915,

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By the early 1890s, Chopin's short stories, articles, and translations appeared in periodicals, including the

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as some may believe but she did have a son named Frederick Chopin, who was probably named after the composer.

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of French Canadian descent. Some of Chopin's ancestors were among the early European (French) inhabitants of

2418:, American Literature Readings in the Twenty-First Century, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 1–11, 3532: 2942: 2087:"Losing the Battle but Winning the War: Resistance to Patriarchal Discourse in Kate Chopin's Short Fiction" 1957:

Shurbutt, Sylvia Bailey. "The Can River Characters and Revisionist Mythmaking in the Work of Kate Chopin".

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Marriage certificate between Oscar Chopin and Katie O'Flaherty accessed on ancestry.com on October 19, 2015

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cannot truly be both the traditional mother and have a sense of herself as an individual at the same time.

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Kessler, Carol Farley; Toth, Emily (December 1991). "Kate Chopin: A Life of the Author of The Awakening".

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available. It has been critically acclaimed for its writing quality and importance as an example of early

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Toth, Emily (1990). "Reviews the essay "The Shadows of the First Biographer: The Case of Kate Chopin"".

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and a full-length biography. These two books formed the scholarly support for a rediscovery of Chopin.

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Associates of St. Louis University Libraries, Inc.; Landmarks Associate of St. Louis, Inc. (1969).

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Chopin appeared to express her belief in the strength of women. Marquand draws from theories about

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In 1893, she wrote "Madame Célestin's Divorce", and 13 of her stories were published. In 1894, "

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Bender, Bert (September 1991). "The Teeth of Desire: The Awakening and The Descent of Man".

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Le Marquand, Jane. "Kate Chopin as Feminist: Subverting the French Androcentric Influence".

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Winn, Harbour (1992). "Echoes of Literary Sisterhood: Louisa May Alcott and Kate Chopin".

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In 2012, she was commemorated with an iron bust of her head at the Writer's Corner in the

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is said to be one of the five top favorite novels in literature courses all over America.

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Chopin's writing style was influenced by her admiration of the contemporary French writer

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Mou, Xianfeng. "Kate Chopin's Narrative Techniques and Separate Space in The Awakening".

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Her major works were two short story collections and two novels. The collections are

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Ostman, Heather; O'Donoghue, Kate (2015), Ostman, Heather; O'Donoghue, Kate (eds.),

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Gibert, Teresa "Textual, Contextual and Critical Surprises in 'Desiree's Baby'"

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Cutter, Martha. "The Search for a Feminine Voice in the Works of Kate Chopin".

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Literary St. Louis: Noted Authors and St. Louis Landmarks Associated With Them

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William L. (Ed.) Andrews, Hobson, Trudier Harris, Minrose C. Gwwin (1997).

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Kate Chopin began her writing career with her first story published in the

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Simons, Karen (Spring 1998). "Kate Chopin on the Nature of Things" (PDF).

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Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War

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O'Flaherty (1984). "Kate Chopin, An Introduction to (1851–1904)".

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neighborhood of St. Louis, across the street from Left Bank Books.

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Of maternal French and paternal Irish descent, Chopin was born in

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Unruly Tongue: Identity and Voice in American Women's Writing

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Kate Chopin's grave in Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri

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Toth, Emily (July 1999). "Emily Toth Thanks Kate Chopin".

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that year, and eight of her other stories were published.

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The Literature of the American South: A Norton Anthology

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

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in print, making it widely available for anyone to buy.

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According to Bender, Chopin was intrigued by Darwin's

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in north-central Louisiana, a region where she lived.

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heritage. She is best known today for her 1899 novel

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The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex

739:" and "A Respectable woman" were published by 640:of Emory University wrote that "Kate was neither a 337:" (1893), a tale of an interracial relationship in 233: 218: 174: 2723: 2325: 2323: 1916: 1887: 1664: 1067:In the penultimate episode of the first season of 969:point toward an argument for its wider influence. 515:. Her literary qualities were largely overlooked. 2707:"Loss of Kate Chopin House to fire 'devastating'" 2662:"Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening – About the Program" 3667: 2822:. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, MS. 2785:Awakenings: The Story of the Kate Chopin Revival 1052: 825:, in which Bender argues that Chopin references 2518:, February 8, 2023, accessed February 11, 2023. 1460:Barton, Gay (1999). "Chopin, Kate O'Flaherty". 1316:In 1990, Chopin was honored with a star on the 935:was at least one strong advocate of Chopin and 1866: 1443:"Frequently Asked Questions about Kate Chopin" 333:(1897). Her important short stories included " 3189: 2906: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1596: 755:(1897), another collection of short stories. 2885:Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening, PBS documentary 2001:American Writers, Retrospective Supplement 2 1999:Larrabee, Denise. "Chopin, Kate 1850–1904". 1717: 1533:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 813:. Although she agreed with the processes of 402:Chopin and her children in New Orleans, 1877 290:. She married and moved with her husband to 2805:, Dorrance Publishing Co., Pittsburgh, PA. 2280: 2091:Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers 2051:Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate 1789: 1599:A History of American Literature Since 1870 1275:(1890), Nixon Jones Printing Co, St. Louis 3196: 3182: 2913: 2899: 2687:"Treme – as a season ends, so does a life" 1927: 1669:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–2. 1665:Toth and Seyersted, Emily and Per (1998). 1610: 1608: 1060:, under president Beth Courtney, produced 578:French. Living in areas influenced by the 357:, her first collection of short stories.) 31: 3706:19th-century American short story writers 1830: 1592: 1590: 1472:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600295 1385: 1249:The Awakening, and Selected Short Stories 370:(1899), which are set in New Orleans and 2455: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1744: 1724: 1601:. Harvard University Press. p. 364. 1502: 1500: 1498: 865: 770: 601: 534: 451: 443:the American Civil War came to St. Louis 397: 3741:Burials at Calvary Cemetery (St. Louis) 2728:. stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from 2704: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1837:. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State UP. 1785: 1783: 1767:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 1640:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1605: 1575:. The Kate Chopin International Society 1546: 1544: 986:It took a brief commentary by novelist 848: 632:spread her arms out to them in welcome. 128: 1870; died 1882) 3668: 2416:Kate Chopin in Context: New Approaches 2146: 2062:Chopin, Kate, "A Visit to Avoyelles", 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1914: 1636:The Cambridge Companion To Kate Chopin 1587: 1459: 561:on August 20, 1904, Chopin suffered a 470:The family left the city and moved to 3177: 2894: 2527: 2451: 2449: 2405: 2403: 2359: 2357: 2328:Research guide to American literature 2244: 2242: 2198: 2196: 2180: 2178: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 1894:. William Morrow & Company, Inc. 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1798: 1765:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 1495: 861: 294:. They later lived in the country in 3691:19th-century American businesspeople 2631:The awakening: a novel of beginnings 2586: 2363: 2069: 1998: 1956: 1945: 1885: 1869:Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism 1780: 1631: 1541: 1303: 990:in the September 22, 1972, issue of 3761:People from Natchitoches, Louisiana 3711:19th-century American women writers 3696:19th-century American businesswomen 2778:A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography 2705:Welborn, Vickie (October 1, 1888). 2528:Wolfe, Linda (September 22, 1972). 2053:. vol. 14.1–3. 2004/2005. pg. 38–67 2034: 2007: 1985: 1625: 606:Kate Chopin in a riding habit, 1876 543:Critics suggest that such works as 13: 3736:American women short story writers 3205:New Woman of the late 19th century 2992:"Madame Célestin's Divorce" (1894) 2879:Kate Chopin at American Literature 2840:Works by Kate Chopin in eBook form 2770: 2726:"St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees" 2695:, June 2010, accessed 25 June 2014 2446: 2400: 2354: 2251:Kate Chopin and Her Creole Stories 2239: 2202: 2193: 2175: 2129: 2101: 2084: 1851: 1550: 1064:, a documentary on Chopin's life. 572: 14: 3782: 3716:American people of French descent 2875:, Novelist And Short Story Writer 2833: 2530:"There's Someone You Should Know" 2116: 1834:Kate Chopin: A Critical Biography 1179:Read "Emancipation: A Life Fable" 981:The Complete Works of Kate Chopin 3721:American people of Irish descent 2865: 2789:Louisiana State University Press 2776:"Kate O'Flaherty Chopin" (1988) 2039:. No. 49. pp. 222–224. 1268:Read "Madame Célestin's Divorce" 1089:in New Orleans, and warns them: 798:to her by commenting ironically: 758: 208: 170: 155: 3701:19th-century American novelists 3041:"A Vocation and a Voice" (1902) 2920: 2754:. West End Word. March 14, 2012 2744: 2717: 2698: 2679: 2654: 2637: 2623: 2580: 2555: 2521: 2504: 2317: 2274: 2215: 2184: 2056: 2043: 2028: 1969: 1908: 1879: 1824: 1692: 1683: 1658: 1513:. Norton, W. W. & Company. 1490:American Studies in Scandinavia 1199:Read "A Pair of Silk Stockings" 594:, known for his short stories: 125: 2470:Studies in American Naturalism 2119:"An overview of The Awakening" 1561: 1482: 1453: 1435: 1420:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 1407: 1379: 1350: 683: 360:Chopin also wrote two novels: 1: 3746:Businesspeople from Louisiana 3452:(Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright) 3163:Kate Chopin House (St. Louis) 3158:Kate Chopin House (Louisiana) 2989:"At Chênière Caminada" (1894) 2849:Works by or about Kate Chopin 2187:The Southern Literary Journal 1395:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 1177:"Emancipation: A Life Fable" 1150:is available online from the 1058:Louisiana Public Broadcasting 1053:Representation in other media 785:Published in 1899, her novel 457:Chopin house in Cloutierville 3591:The Case of Rebellious Susan 2986:"A Respectable Woman" (1894) 2963:"A No-Account Creole" (1891) 1919:Kate Chopin: A Literary Life 1759:American Antiquarian Society 1739:American Antiquarian Society 1667:Kate Chopin's Private Papers 1289:(1899), H.S. Stone, Chicago 1266:"Madame Célestin's Divorce" 1114:University of North Carolina 775:First edition title page of 767:The Awakening (Chopin novel) 353:" (1892), which appeared in 82:Novelist, short story writer 7: 3557:The Story of a Modern Woman 2864:(public domain audiobooks) 2801:Eliot, Lorraine Nye (2002) 2752:"Kate Chopin Bust Unveiled" 2589:Studies in American Fiction 2366:The Women's Review of Books 2324:Franklin, Benjamin (2010). 1976:Kate Chopin: A Re-Awakening 1463:American National Biography 1331: 1163:Read "The Story of an Hour" 1112:is available online on the 623:century. For instance, in " 16:American author (1850–1904) 10: 3787: 3414:Elizabeth Barrett Browning 3283:Jennie Augusta Brownscombe 2960:"A Point at Issue!" (1889) 2462:on Edith Summers Kelley's 2123:Literature Resource Center 1311:National Historic Landmark 1244:Read "A No-Account Creole" 1220:Read "A Respectable Woman" 1062:Kate Chopin: A Reawakening 764: 3493: 3475: 3406: 3258:Sophie Gengembre Anderson 3235: 3212: 3150: 3125: 3106: 3083: 3054: 2973:"Beyond the Bayou" (1893) 2953: 2928: 2645:The Mississippi Quarterly 2259:10.9783/9781512805659-015 1146:October 23, 2005, at the 1085:to his freshman class at 853: 659:, and their influence on 154: 149: 138: 106: 94: 86: 78: 74:St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. 64: 42: 30: 23: 3766:Writers from New Orleans 3751:Novelists from Louisiana 3731:American women novelists 3726:American Roman Catholics 3629:Mrs. Warren's Profession 3328:Wilhelmina Weber Furlong 3115:An Embarrassing Position 3022:A Pair of Silk Stockings 3017:"Ozème's Holiday" (1896) 2783:Koloski, Bernard (2009) 2724:St. Louis Walk of Fame. 2456:Kornasky, Linda (2011). 1343: 1195:A Pair of Silk Stockings 1097: 478:to manage several small 296:Cloutierville, Louisiana 3756:Novelists from Missouri 3333:Elizabeth Shippen Green 3323:Susan Stuart Frackelton 2424:10.1057/9781137543967_1 2022:"Kate Chopin Biography" 1831:Seyersted, Per (1985). 1478:(subscription required) 1369:Oxford University Press 1338:Literature of Louisiana 1238:Read "Beyond the Bayou" 1128:is available online on 924:were largely negative. 877:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 690:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 508:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 416:Dauphin Island, Alabama 393: 3771:Writers from St. Louis 3509:The Portrait of a Lady 3308:Alice Brown Chittenden 3288:Julia Margaret Cameron 2512:The Library of America 2249:"XII. THE AWAKENING", 1923:. Palgrave Publishers. 1915:Walker, Nancy (2001). 1318:St. Louis Walk of Fame 1242:"A No-Account Creole" 1218:"A Respectable Woman" 1095: 871: 805: 782: 638:Elizabeth Fox-Genovese 634: 607: 600: 559:St. Louis World's Fair 540: 497:Chopin struggled with 459: 403: 3617:The Romance of a Shop 3368:Elizabeth Okie Paxton 3217:19th-century feminism 3067:"Boulot and Boulotte" 2820:Unveiling Kate Chopin 2780:, Vol. I, p. 176 2601:10.1353/saf.1992.0000 2482:10.1353/san.2011.0025 1959:The Southern Literary 1814:Short Story Criticism 1365:UK English Dictionary 1297:An Egyptian Cigarette 1226:Read "The Unexpected" 1173:Read "Désirée's Baby" 1141:"At the 'Cadian Ball" 1091: 1001:mass-market paperback 888:Harper's Young People 869: 800: 774: 655:movements before the 629: 605: 596: 538: 455: 401: 319:The Youth's Companion 3512:(serialized 1880–81) 3485:Alice Freeman Palmer 3383:Jessie Willcox Smith 3070:"The Benitous Slave" 3064:"A Very Fine Fiddle" 3002:"Her Letters" (1895) 2997:The Story of an Hour 2858:Works by Kate Chopin 2803:The Real Kate Chopin 2066:, 1893, pp. 223–229. 1886:Toth, Emily (1990). 1632:Beer, Janet (2008). 1554:The Story of an Hour 1291:Read "The Awakening" 1159:The Story of an Hour 949:Edith Summers Kelley 849:Reception and legacy 737:The Story of an Hour 713:free people of color 625:The Story of an Hour 343:The Story of an Hour 313:The Century Magazine 301:The Atlantic Monthly 269:background, such as 255:Katherine O'Flaherty 46:Katherine O'Flaherty 3636:George Bernard Shaw 3624:George Bernard Shaw 3552:Ella Hepworth Dixon 3439:Ella Hepworth Dixon 3378:Pamela Colman Smith 3318:Emma Lampert Cooper 3222:First-wave feminism 3047:"The Locket" (1969) 2968:At the 'Cadian Ball 2818:Toth, Emily (1999) 2791:, Baton Rouge, LA. 2732:on October 31, 2012 2283:American Literature 2149:American Literature 1597:Fred Lewis Pattee. 1236:"Beyond the Bayou" 1137:At the 'Cadian Ball 1081:) assigns Chopin's 677:creative nonfiction 557:While visiting the 530:feminist literature 476:Natchitoches Parish 351:At the 'Cadian Ball 288:St. Louis, Missouri 3587:Henry Arthur Jones 3298:Minerva J. Chapman 3207:(born before 1880) 3141:The Joy That Kills 3055:Children's stories 3011:"Athénaïse" (1896) 2983:"Ripe Figs" (1893) 2534:The New York Times 2223:America Literature 1704:www.katechopin.org 1014:The New York Times 992:The New York Times 898:The New York Times 872: 862:Critical reception 827:The Descent of Man 783: 657:American Civil War 608: 541: 460: 404: 3663: 3662: 3608:(serialized 1878) 3516:Elizabeth Barrett 3502:Isabel Archer in 3429:Annie Sophie Cory 3171: 3170: 3097:A Night in Acadie 3008:"The Kiss" (1895) 2797:978-0-8071-3495-5 2433:978-1-137-54396-7 2332:. Facts On File. 2232:978-0-618-56866-6 1844:978-0-8071-0678-5 1520:978-0-393-31671-1 1423:. Merriam-Webster 1304:Honors and awards 1224:"The Unexpected" 1125:A Night in Acadie 1120:A Night in Acadie 1087:Tulane University 1032:Louisa May Alcott 1028:sexual revolution 882:Youth's Companion 753:A Night in Acadie 592:Guy de Maupassant 551:Marquis Who's Who 383:Fred Lewis Pattee 331:A Night in Acadie 200: 163: 162: 90:Realistic fiction 3778: 3563:Gustave Flaubert 3494:Literature about 3453: 3388:Annie Swynnerton 3353:Elizabeth Nourse 3348:Anna Lea Merritt 3313:Elizabeth Coffin 3253:Nina E. Allender 3198: 3191: 3184: 3175: 3174: 3076:"Old Aunt Peggy" 3044:"Charlie" (1969) 2915: 2908: 2901: 2892: 2891: 2869: 2868: 2853:Internet Archive 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2702: 2696: 2685:Brown, Rachael, 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2658: 2652: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2633:. 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Archived from 1354: 1325:Central West End 1208:Read "Athenaise" 1189:Read "The Storm" 819:sexual selection 749:Houghton Mifflin 580:Louisiana Creole 567:Calvary Cemetery 563:brain hemorrhage 431:Irish traditions 412:Louisiana creole 275:Louisiana Creole 271:Zelda Fitzgerald 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 230: 229: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 207: 198: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 179: 176: 159: 129: 127: 71: 60:, Missouri, U.S. 55:February 8, 1850 54: 52: 35: 21: 20: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3495: 3489: 3471: 3467:Olive Schreiner 3448: 3444:Maria Edgeworth 3402: 3393:Candace Wheeler 3273:Enella Benedict 3231: 3227:Women's history 3208: 3202: 3172: 3167: 3146: 3121: 3102: 3079: 3073:"A Turkey Hunt" 3050: 3014:"Lilacs" (1896) 3005:"Regret" (1895) 2949: 2924: 2919: 2866: 2844:Standard Ebooks 2836: 2773: 2771:Further reading 2768: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2722: 2718: 2703: 2699: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2660: 2659: 2655: 2642: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2585: 2581: 2560: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2526: 2522: 2509: 2505: 2454: 2447: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2408: 2401: 2378:10.2307/4023250 2362: 2355: 2340: 2322: 2318: 2295:10.2307/2926892 2279: 2275: 2269: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2233: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2201: 2194: 2183: 2176: 2161:10.2307/2927243 2145: 2130: 2115: 2102: 2083: 2070: 2061: 2057: 2048: 2044: 2033: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2008: 1997: 1986: 1974: 1970: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1913: 1909: 1902: 1884: 1880: 1865: 1852: 1845: 1829: 1825: 1811: 1810: 1799: 1792:Southern Review 1788: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1754: 1746:McCusker, J. 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Wells 3597:Henry James 3528:Kate Chopin 3504:Henry James 3457:Sarah Grand 3434:Ella D'Arcy 3424:Kate Chopin 3126:Adaptations 3084:Collections 2922:Kate Chopin 2873:Kate Chopin 2666:www.pbs.org 2439:January 19, 2037:Explicatory 1890:Kate Chopin 1743:1700–1799: 1723:1634–1699: 1579:January 28, 1230:"The Kiss" 1003:publisher, 988:Linda Wolfe 870:Kate Chopin 684:Early works 617:"The Storm" 613:"The Storm" 513:local color 480:plantations 447:Confederacy 364:(1890) and 329:(1894) and 292:New Orleans 261:authors of 166:Kate Chopin 25:Kate Chopin 3670:Categories 3419:Mona Caird 3134:Grand Isle 3091:Bayou Folk 2758:January 8, 2567:Avon Books 2289:(4): 755. 2064:Bayou Folk 1940:Deep South 1139:" (1892) ( 1130:Wikisource 1109:Bayou Folk 1104:Bayou Folk 1005:Avon Books 926:Emily Toth 893:Bayou Folk 745:Bayou Folk 669:patriarchy 646:suffragist 499:depression 487:Emily Toth 372:Grand Isle 355:Bayou Folk 339:antebellum 327:Bayou Folk 79:Occupation 51:1850-02-08 3477:Educators 3036:The Storm 2736:April 25, 2671:March 19, 2617:162207140 2609:2158-415X 2542:0362-4331 2498:145614976 2490:1944-6519 2386:0738-1433 2348:699681835 2303:0002-9831 2211:: 87–109. 1529:cite book 1260:"Regret" 1212:"Lilacs" 1187:" (1898) 1185:The Storm 1171:" (1895) 1161:" (1894) 1152:About.com 931:The poet 815:evolution 702:Two Tales 518:In 1899, 474:in south 347:The Storm 150:Signature 58:St. Louis 3612:Amy Levy 3462:Amy Levy 3038:" (1898) 3031:" (1897) 3024:" (1897) 2999:" (1894) 2980:" (1893) 2970:" (1892) 2936:At Fault 2862:LibriVox 2569:, 1972, 2516:Facebook 1965:: 14–23. 1942:2 (1996) 1748:(1992). 1728:(1997). 1427:July 23, 1415:"Chopin" 1399:July 23, 1387:"Chopin" 1332:See also 1299:" (1900) 1279:At Fault 1273:At Fault 1154:website) 1144:Archived 1116:website) 909:At Fault 694:At Fault 661:freedmen 642:feminist 502:income. 362:At Fault 267:Catholic 263:Southern 259:feminist 139:Children 3641:Candida 3601:novella 3407:Writers 3236:Artists 3151:Related 2851:at the 2651:: p243. 2394:4023250 2311:2926892 2169:2927243 1820:. 2008. 717:plaçage 709:Creoles 425:in the 253:; born 130: 122: 118: 3656:(1909) 3644:(1898) 3632:(1893) 3620:(1888) 3593:(1894) 3583:(1879) 3571:(1856) 3548:(1901) 3536:(1899) 3524:(1856) 3118:(1895) 3099:(1897) 3093:(1894) 3029:Fedora 2946:(1899) 2938:(1890) 2929:Novels 2826: 2809: 2795: 2615: 2607: 2573: 2540: 2496: 2488: 2430: 2392: 2384: 2346: 2336: 2309: 2301: 2265: 2229: 2167: 1898: 1841: 1673: 1648: 1517: 1476: 1363:Lexico 1255:Fedora 1038:, and 854:Legacy 781:(1899) 644:nor a 427:French 316:, and 107:Spouse 3107:Plays 2613:S2CID 2494:S2CID 2464:Weeds 2390:JSTOR 2307:JSTOR 2165:JSTOR 1794:(26). 1755:(PDF) 1735:(PDF) 1644:–26. 1344:Notes 1277:Read 1098:Works 1074:Treme 1009:blurb 962:Weeds 803:late. 741:Vogue 725:Vogue 584:Cajun 307:Vogue 124:( 120: 87:Genre 2824:ISBN 2807:ISBN 2793:ISBN 2760:2014 2738:2013 2673:2018 2649:51.2 2605:ISSN 2571:ISBN 2549:2023 2538:ISSN 2486:ISSN 2441:2022 2428:ISBN 2382:ISSN 2344:OCLC 2334:ISBN 2299:ISSN 2263:ISBN 2227:ISBN 1896:ISBN 1839:ISBN 1774:2024 1711:2015 1671:ISBN 1646:ISBN 1581:2023 1535:link 1515:ISBN 1429:2019 1401:2019 965:and 947:and 911:and 901:and 885:and 582:and 429:and 394:Life 199:also 65:Died 43:Born 3638:'s 3626:'s 3614:'s 3589:'s 3577:'s 3565:'s 3554:'s 3530:'s 3518:'s 3506:'s 2860:at 2842:at 2597:doi 2478:doi 2420:doi 2374:doi 2291:doi 2255:doi 2209:127 2157:doi 1818:116 1468:doi 1071:'s 1069:HBO 265:or 3672:: 3650:' 3599:' 3542:' 2787:. 2709:. 2689:, 2664:. 2647:. 2611:. 2603:. 2593:20 2591:. 2565:, 2536:. 2532:. 2514:, 2492:. 2484:. 2472:. 2468:. 2448:^ 2426:, 2414:, 2402:^ 2388:. 2380:. 2370:16 2368:. 2356:^ 2342:. 2305:. 2297:. 2287:63 2285:. 2261:, 2241:^ 2207:. 2195:^ 2177:^ 2163:. 2153:63 2151:. 2131:^ 2121:. 2103:^ 2095:68 2093:. 2089:. 2071:^ 2009:^ 1987:^ 1978:. 1963:68 1961:. 1947:^ 1929:^ 1873:14 1871:. 1853:^ 1816:. 1800:^ 1782:^ 1757:. 1737:. 1702:. 1642:13 1607:^ 1589:^ 1571:. 1543:^ 1531:}} 1527:{{ 1497:^ 1445:. 1417:. 1389:. 1367:. 1360:. 1197:" 1034:, 891:. 743:. 449:. 418:. 310:, 304:, 283:. 246:ən 240:oʊ 216:oʊ 206:: 204:US 197:, 181:oʊ 126:m. 3197:e 3190:t 3183:v 3034:" 3027:" 3020:" 2995:" 2976:" 2966:" 2914:e 2907:t 2900:v 2762:. 2740:. 2713:. 2675:. 2619:. 2599:: 2577:. 2551:. 2500:. 2480:: 2474:6 2466:" 2422:: 2396:. 2376:: 2350:. 2313:. 2293:: 2257:: 2235:. 2189:. 2171:. 2159:: 2125:. 2097:. 2024:. 2003:. 1904:. 1875:. 1847:. 1776:. 1761:. 1741:. 1713:. 1679:. 1654:. 1621:. 1583:. 1557:. 1537:) 1523:. 1474:. 1470:: 1449:. 1431:. 1403:. 1320:. 1295:" 1257:" 1253:" 1193:" 1183:" 1167:" 1157:" 1135:" 1132:) 1122:( 1106:( 249:/ 243:p 237:ʃ 234:ˈ 231:, 228:n 225:æ 222:p 219:ˈ 213:ʃ 210:/ 193:/ 190:n 187:æ 184:p 178:ʃ 175:ˈ 172:/ 168:( 53:) 49:(

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