2034:
1396:
2010:
2022:
44:
8119:
1997:
2050:
7859:
1380:
1327:, Cyrillic Kazakh often failed to fit on a keyboard because of both the problem with 8-bit encoding, which was not supported at the system level, and the absence of standard computer fonts. More than 20 variations of 8-bit encoding for Kazakh Cyrillic have been suggested, including the following government standards (note that the following are historical code pages and that modern systems use Unicode Encoding, such as UTF-8):
20:
1971:. As this version was awaiting approval, linguists had been in discussion as to which Latin-based letters were to be used in place of the specific Cyrillic-based letters Ә ə, Ғ ғ, И и, Й й, Ң ң, Ө ɵ, У у, Ұ ұ, Ү ү, Ы ы, Ч ч, Ш ш, and І i; a suggested alternative to the introduction of accented characters was to make greater use of digraphs, with ч being written as "tş", for example.
1367:
6679:
35:«Būryñğy ötken zamanda, bır danyşpan kısı, Bağdat şaharynyñ bır ülken qazysynyñ üiıne kelıp qonypty. Qazymenen söilesıp, qazyny sözge jeñe berıptı. Sonda qazy qorqyp, — „Būl mağan kelgen bala - menıñ qazylyğymdy tartyp alsa kerek! Ne de bolsa, būğan jalynyp, syi berıp, ornymda qalaiyn!“ — dep, qatynyna aqyldasypty.»
30:«Бұрыңғы өткен заманда, бір данышпан кісі, Бағдат шаһарының бір үлкен қазысының үйіне келіп қоныпты. Қазыменен сөйлесіп, қазыны сөзге жеңе беріпті. Сонда қазы қорқып, — „Бұл маған келген бала — менің қазылығымды тартып алса керек! Не де болса, бұған жалынып, сый беріп, орнымда қалайын!“ — деп, қатынына ақылдасыпты.»
1996:
278:
in
Russian (ex. Kazakh: Екібастуз - Russian: Экибастуз). The letter Ж is pronounced similarly to ДЖ in Russian (approximately like J in English). The letter Х is pronounced like a wheezing h (hard h). The letter Һ is frequently used in Arabic-Persian borrowings and is often pronounced like an unvoiced Х (as
277:
The letters В, Ё (since 1957), Ф, Ц, Ч, Ъ, Ь and Э are not used in native Kazakh words. Of these, Ё, Ц, Ч, Ъ, Ь, Э, are used only in words borrowed from
Russian or through the Russian language which are written according to Russian orthographic rules. The letter E in Kazakh makes a sound similar to Э
1653:
ordered the replacement of the
Cyrillic script with a Latin script by 2025. In 2007, Nazarbayev said the transformation of the Kazakh alphabet from Cyrillic to Latin should not be rushed, as he noted: "For 70 years, the Kazakhstanis read and wrote in Cyrillic. More than 100 nationalities live in our
1671:
Nazarbayev argued that the "Kazakh language and culture have been devastated" during the period of Soviet rule, and that ending the use of
Cyrillic is useful in re-asserting national identity. The new Latin alphabet is also a step to weaken the traditional Russian influence on the country, as the
1946:
called for another revision of the Latin alphabet with a focus on preserving the original sounds and pronunciation of the Kazakh language. This revision, presented to the public in
November 2019 by academics from the Baitursynov Institute of Linguistics, and specialists belonging to the official
286:). In rapid conversation, the letter Қ (Q) can be pronounced like X (if Қ is in the middle of a word and before a consonant) or like Ғ. The letter Щ is used for the long Ш sound in three native words (ащы 'bitter', тұщы 'saltless', кеще 'stupid') and their derivatives, as well as in loanwords.
2122:, the Kazakh Arabic script functions more like a true alphabet, as each sound has its own letter and every sound in each word is spelt out in the written form of the language. The reform of the Arabic script from an abjad to an alphabet was carried out by the early 20th-century linguist
339:
In effort to consolidate its national identity, Kazakhstan started a phased transition from the
Cyrillic alphabet to the Latin alphabet in 2017. The Kazakh government drafted a seven-year process until the full implementation of the new alphabet, sub-divided into various phases.
5681:
Barlyq adamdar tyʼmysynan azat jaʼne qadir-qasiʼeti men quqyqtary tenʼ bolyp duʼniʼege keledi. Adamdargʼa aqyl-parasat, ar-ojdan berilgen, sondyqtan olar bir-birimen tyʼystyq, bayʼyrmaldyq qarym-qatynas jasayʼlary
1342:СТ РК 1048—2002 was confirmed in 2002, well after the introduction of different Windows character sets. Some Internet resources in part used the government information agency QazAqparat before the encoding of this standard. Today the encoding UTF-8 is being accepted.
1695:
A revised version of the 2017 Latin alphabet was announced in
February 2018. Presidential Decree 637 of 19 February 2018 amends the 2017 decree and the use of apostrophes was discontinued and replaced with diacritics and digraphs. Notably, the new alphabet uses the
254:, a prominent Kazakh educator, first introduced a Cyrillic alphabet for transcribing Kazakh. Russian missionary activity, as well as Russian-sponsored schools, further encouraged the use of Cyrillic in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The alphabet was
5800:
1680:(such as "ä" or "ç"). In fact, President Nazarbayev had expressly stated that the new alphabet should contain "no hooks or superfluous dots". Instead, the new alphabet, which is based on a transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin letters, would have used
1700:. A few web applications and sites were launched to facilitate the switch to the Latin-based alphabet. One of them is a new web-based portal, Qazlatyn.kz, that uses the new Latin alphabet to report news and other information about Kazakhstan.
1661:
announced that a transition plan was underway, with specialists working on the orthography to accommodate the phonological aspects of the language. On April 12, 2017, President
Nazarbayev published an article in state newspaper
5776:
bɑrˈɫəqɑdɑmˈdɑrtʰʊwməsəˈnɑnɑˈzɑtdʒæˈɲeqɑˈdɘrqɑsɘjeˈtɘmʲeɴqʊqəqtɑˈrətʲemboˈɫəpdʉnɘjeˈɟecʰeʎeˈdɘ‖ɑdɑmdɑrˈʁɑ‿qəɫpɑrɑˈsɑtɑr‿wʊdʒˈdɑmbʲerɘʎˈɟen|sondəqˈtɑnwʊˈɫɑrbɘrbɘrɘˈmʲentʰʊwəsˈtəq|bɑwərmɑɫˈdəqqɑˈrəmqɑtəˈnɑsdʒɑsɑwɫɑˈrətʰɘˈjɘs
2002:
Initial proposed Latin alphabet for the Kazakh language, implemented by
Presidential Decree 569 (26 October 2017), later revised by Presidential Decree 637 of 19 February 2018, replacing the apostrophe with diacritics and
2413:, and it can only ever come at the beginning of words. It never comes in the middle or end of words. Hamza doesn't represent any sound in Kazakh. Instead, Hamza indicates that the vowels in the word will be the following
6296:
1974:
In
January 2021, a new revision of the Kazakh Latin alphabet was presented, introducing the letters Ä ä (Ə ə), Ö ö (Ө ө), Ü ü (Ү ү), Ğ ğ (Ғ ғ), Ū ū (Ұ ұ), Ŋ ŋ (Ң ң), and Ş ş (Ш ш), bringing it even closer to the CTA.
83:. An October 2017 Presidential Decree in Kazakhstan ordered that the transition from Cyrillic to a Latin script be completed by 2031. The Arabic script is used in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, and parts of China.
6297:"О внесении изменения в Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 26 октября 2017 года № 569 «О переводе алфавита казахского языка с кириллицы на латинскую графику» — Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан"
2069:
of China. It was first introduced to the territory of Kazakhstan in the eleventh century and was traditionally used to write Kazakh until the introduction of a Latin alphabet in 1929. In 1924, Kazakh intellectual
5630:بارلىق ادامدار تۋمىسىنان ازات جانە ٴقادىر-قاسيەتى مەن قۇقىقتارى تەڭ بولىپ دۇنيەگە كەلەدى. ادامدارعا اقىل-پاراسات، ار-وجدان بەرىلگەن، سوندىقتان ولار ٴبىر-بىرىمەن تۋىستىق، باۋىرمالدىق قارىم-قاتىناس جاساۋلارى تيىس.
5730:
Barleⱪ adamdar tuwmesenan azat jənê ⱪadir-ⱪasiyêti mên ⱪuⱪeⱪtare têng bolep düniyêgê kêlêdi. Adamdarƣa aⱪel-parasat, ar-ojdan bêrilgên, sondeⱪtan olar bir-birimên tuwesteⱪ, bawermaldeⱪ ⱪarem-ⱪatenas jasawlare
5623:Барлық адамдар тумысынан азат және қадір-қасиеті мен құқықтары тең болып дүниеге келеді. Адамдарға ақыл-парасат, ар-ождан берілген, сондықтан олар бір-бірімен туыстық, бауырмалдық қарым-қатынас жасаулары тиіс.
5714:
Barlьq adamdar tuvmьsьnan azat çəne qadir-qasijeti men quqьqtarь teꞑ ʙolьp dynijege keledi. Adamdarƣa aqьl-parasat, ar-oçdan ʙerilgen, sondьqtan olar ʙir-ʙirimen tuvьstьq, ʙavьrmaldьq qarьm-qatьnas çasavlarь
5766:
Barlyq adamdar tumysynan azat jäne qadır-qasietı men qūqyqtary teñ bolyp düniege keledı. Adamdarğa aqyl-parasat, ar-ojdan berılgen, sondyqtan olar bır-bırımen tuystyq, bauyrmaldyq qarym-qatynas jasaulary
5758:
Barlyq adamdar tumysynan azat jäne qadır-qasietı men qūqyqtary teŋ bolyp düniege keledı. Adamdarğa aqyl-parasat, ar-ojdan berılgen, sondyqtan olar bır-bırımen tuystyq, bauyrmaldyq qarym-qatynas jasaulary
5722:
Barlьq adamdar tumьsьnan azat çəne qadjr-qasietj men qūqьqtarь teꞑ ʙolьp dyniege keledj. Adamdarƣa aqьl-parasat, ar-oçdan ʙerjlgen, sondьqtan olar ʙjr-ʙjrjmen tuьstьq, ʙauьrmaldьq qarьm-qatьnas çasaularь
5673:
Barlıq adamdar twmısınan azat jäne qadir-qasïeti men quqıqtarı teñ bolıp dünïege keledi. Adamdarğa aqıl-parasat, ar-ojdan berilgen, sondıqtan olar bir-birimen twıstıq, bawırmaldıq qarım-qatınas jasawları
5665:
Barlyq adamdar týmysynan azat jáne qadir-qasıeti men quqyqtary teń bolyp dúnıege keledi. Adamdarǵa aqyl-parasat, ar-ojdan berilgen, sondyqtan olar bir-birimen týystyq, baýyrmaldyq qarym-qatynas jasaýlary
331:
The switch from a Latin alphabet to a Cyrillic one was likely in an attempt to distance the then-Soviet Kazakhstan from Turkey. This was likely in part due to weakening Turkish–Soviet relations and the
1978:
A subsequent revision on 22 April further narrowed this gap by changing Ŋ ŋ to Ñ ñ. Its presentation to the public was well received. This current Latin script has similarities especially with
239:
in Mongolia. It is also used by Kazakh populations in Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, as well as diasporas in other countries of the former USSR. It was introduced during the
6252:
1959:
instead of digraphs and acute accents, and introduces spelling changes in order to reflect more accurately the phonology of Kazakh. This revision deviated only slightly from the
6112:
5932:
2033:
5635:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
262:
and accepted in its current form in 1940. It contains 42 letters: 33 from the Russian alphabet with 9 additional letters for sounds of the Kazakh language: Ә, Ғ, Қ, Ң, Ө,
371:(International Organization for Standardization), 1995, an international system based on central European orthography that uses a single unique character for each letter.
6156:
6191:
2009:
6001:
5840:
365:(US Board on Geographic Names and Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use), 1979 system, commonly used in place names and mapping
2021:
359:(American Library Association and Library of Congress), 1940 system, commonly used in English-language bibliographic cataloguing and in academic publishing
7330:
2053:
Kazakh Arabic Script as developed by the father of Kazakh linguistics, Akhmet Baitursynov. It is a true alphabet as opposed to the original basic Arabic
6418:
6076:
274:). Initially, Kazakh letters came after letters from the Russian alphabet, but now they are placed after Russian letters similar in sound or shape.
8104:
7320:
6563:
6466:
6346:
6321:
6494:
2161:
In Kazakh Arabic alphabet, 9 vowels are defined. Important to note that a few of the vowels in Kazakh Latin and Cyrillic scripts (such as
8708:
8078:
7895:
6762:
8312:
6399:
6442:
6037:
1421:
is unofficially used by the Kazakh diaspora in Turkey and in Western countries, as well as in Kazakhstan. As with other Central Asian
5893:
8088:
7283:
6102:
8322:
7381:
6080:
6702:
6278:
317:. Additionally, И and У are retained in words borrowed from Russian, where they represent the simple vowels and respectively.
8214:
2118:
throughout the word. The direction the alphabet is written in is right to left. Unlike the original Arabic script, which is an
1433:
and used from 1929 to 1940 when it was replaced with Cyrillic. Moreover, a Latin alphabet was used for the Kazakh language for
6256:
6148:
7223:
5601:
8658:
8368:
7908:
5864:"SOVYET RUSYA HAKİMİYETİNDE YAŞAYAN TÜRKLERİN ORTAK "BİRLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TÜRK ALFABESİ"NDEN "RUS KİRİL" ALFABESİNE GEÇİRİLMESİ"
2521:, the rest of the vowels in the word will be front vowel too. Thus there won't be a need for Hamza. For example, the word
2114:
The Kazakh Arabic alphabet contains 29 letters and one digit, the 'upper hamza' used at the beginnings of words to create
4055:
4016:
3407:
3162:
2367:
8505:
3977:
2269:
6515:
6011:
7325:
6606:
6051:
255:
6381:
5830:
8373:
8083:
7204:
7186:
6079:[On the change of the alphabet of the Kazakh language from the Cyrillic to the Latin script] (in Russian).
3117:
2062:
2111:
A modified Arabic script is also used in Iran and Afghanistan, based on the alphabet used for Kazakh before 1929.
8295:
8268:
7888:
6838:
6755:
5835:
5749:
3490:
2943:
2873:
2382:
362:
8391:
8154:
7163:
6816:
1672:
Russian language is the country's second official language. The initial proposed Latin alphabet tried to avoid
8307:
7080:
2682:. Thus there won't be any words containing these consonants that would need Hamza. In contrast, the letters
1654:
state. Thus we need stability and peace. We should be in no hurry in the issue of alphabet transformation".
8427:
8283:
8222:
6861:
4095:
3362:
6636:
McCollum, Adam (2015), "Labial Harmonic Shift in Kazakh: Mapping the Pathways and Motivations for Decay",
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
279:
8693:
8358:
8353:
7374:
6782:
3868:
1395:
283:
6539:
2400:
has a unique role in Kazakh, a role not seen in other Arabic scripts. Kazakh Arabic script makes use of
8568:
8520:
8290:
8258:
8118:
7881:
7435:
7424:
6787:
6748:
4210:
3072:
3027:
1681:
6802:
8688:
8363:
8348:
8300:
8032:
7509:
4208:
4093:
4053:
4014:
3975:
3866:
3789:
3744:
3623:
3578:
3533:
3488:
3405:
3360:
3323:
3321:
3282:
3243:
3160:
3115:
3070:
3025:
2980:
2941:
2904:
2902:
2380:
2365:
2282:
2280:
2267:
7534:
7461:
326:
8703:
8698:
8623:
8495:
8317:
8273:
7616:
7564:
7466:
7440:
6874:
6830:
6825:
3535:
8563:
8532:
8500:
8490:
8386:
8278:
8263:
8227:
8127:
7482:
7477:
7451:
7299:
7071:
3580:
3245:
2982:
2481:
7626:
6370:
On some issues of translating the alphabet of the Kazakh language from Cyrillic to Latin script.
1684:
to denote those Kazakh letters where there was no direct Latin equivalent. It is similar to the
236:
8608:
8480:
8457:
8422:
8246:
7862:
7783:
7743:
7723:
7718:
7704:
7673:
7559:
7446:
7367:
7247:
5589:
1960:
1658:
1649:
As part of a modernization program, the presidential decree No. 569 signed by Kazakh President
333:
7769:
5863:
352:
for accessibility to readers familiar with the Latin alphabet. Commonly used systems include:
8651:
8628:
8578:
8405:
8336:
8232:
7916:
7788:
7738:
7596:
7429:
7414:
7262:
6812:
3791:
3746:
3284:
1943:
1673:
7658:
1417:
A number of Latin alphabets are in use to write the Kazakh language. A variant based on the
8613:
8583:
8537:
8437:
8058:
7818:
7813:
7637:
7504:
7419:
6138:"Kazakhstan should be in no hurry in Kazakh alphabet transformation to Latin: Nazarbayev".
6039:
Multilingualism in China: The Politics of Writing Reforms for Minority Languages, 1949-2002
5997:
5911:
3625:
1983:
1650:
7642:
8:
8667:
8618:
8603:
8547:
8485:
8475:
8470:
8149:
8012:
7829:
1685:
1668:
announcing a switchover to the Latin alphabet by 2025, a decision implemented by decree.
1430:
356:
6443:"A Proposal for the Reprioritisation of the Principles for Kazakh Alphabet Latinisation"
8588:
8452:
7733:
7194:
2123:
2071:
1948:
251:
38:
Note the differences between the older Cyrillic here and the current Cyrillic alphabet.
7519:
8378:
8068:
7992:
7779:
7728:
7709:
7580:
7549:
6850:
6602:
6047:
6043:
5875:
259:
6419:"Fourth version of Kazakh Latin script will preserve language purity, linguists say"
1437:
during 1964–84. Later, the use of the Kazakh Arabic alphabet was restored in China.
8022:
8002:
7967:
7839:
7809:
7759:
7699:
7663:
7621:
7611:
7585:
7569:
7554:
6248:
6232:
6006:
5652:
1987:
1979:
1664:
1434:
1422:
1418:
2771:
Pursuant to these rules, suffixes are formed in pairs too. For example words with
8542:
8465:
8432:
8174:
8144:
8007:
7833:
7804:
7793:
7648:
7601:
7544:
7499:
7404:
6638:
Proceedings of the Forty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
6213:
5773:
5556:
5521:
5489:
5441:
5412:
5361:
5326:
5291:
5256:
5233:
5207:
5178:
5140:
5105:
5070:
5041:
5012:
4983:
4954:
4919:
4890:
4855:
4826:
4797:
4768:
4739:
4710:
4693:
4658:
4629:
4600:
4565:
4536:
4507:
4472:
4443:
4414:
4385:
4350:
4321:
4276:
2865:
1351:
60:
56:
6621:
Vajda, Edward (1994), "Kazakh phonology", in Kaplan, E.; Whisenhunt, D. (eds.),
6369:
2495:, but won't have Hamza written for them. First are words that contain the vowel
8442:
8139:
8073:
8053:
7798:
7749:
7714:
7683:
7678:
7590:
7575:
7176:
6797:
6564:"Kazakhstan Presents New Latin Alphabet, Plans Gradual Transition Through 2031"
6467:"Kazakhstan Presents New Latin Alphabet, Plans Gradual Transition Through 2031"
6347:"Kazakhstan Presents New Latin Alphabet, Plans Gradual Transition Through 2031"
5975:
4290:
2478:
1689:
263:
240:
232:
43:
2722:. This means that they themselves act as indicators that vowels in a word are
8682:
8573:
8510:
8184:
8179:
8164:
8037:
8017:
7982:
7972:
7824:
7774:
7764:
7668:
7390:
7171:
6707:
6103:"Alphabet soup as Kazakh leader orders switch from Cyrillic to Latin letters"
5879:
2518:
2150:
2049:
68:
6181:
1360:
keyboard, with characters found in Kazakh but not in Russian located on the
8027:
7977:
7962:
7606:
7348:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7093:
7088:
6792:
6771:
6233:"Назарбаев обсудил с журналистами девальвацию, "saebiz", ЭКСПО и Головкина"
6107:
6057:
1697:
349:
289:
The letter И represents the tense vowel obtained from the combinations ЫЙ
244:
64:
8598:
8446:
8169:
8159:
7754:
7529:
7278:
6722:
6665:
6236:
2812:
2723:
2719:
2514:
2492:
2491:
There are exceptions in Kazakh orthography, meaning words that will have
2474:
2414:
2291:
2185:
2173:
2146:
2138:
2115:
2074:
attempted to reform the Arabic script to better suit Kazakh. The letters
2039:
2021 revision of the Kazakh Latin alphabet, officially used starting 2023
1354:
used for Cyrillic Kazakh in Kazakhstan is a modification of the standard
1323:
Before the spread of operating systems and text editors with support for
6712:
6640:, vol. 41, Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 329–351
5588:
Symbols in parentheses are for bi-directional transliteration only. See
8199:
7904:
7514:
6735:
6685:
6077:"О переводе алфавита казахского языка с кириллицы на латинскую графику"
2772:
2679:
2485:
2203:
2190:
1401:
1379:
368:
72:
7873:
5949:
5690:
2557:
The second exception, is words that contain the following consonants:
1426:
8194:
8189:
7997:
7631:
7524:
7409:
7343:
7304:
6244:
6186:
6140:
5648:
1677:
1332:
52:
7359:
6651:
6214:"Kazakhstan to Qazaqstan: Why would a country switch its alphabet?"
5894:"Switching to Latin alphabet further opens Kazakhstan to the world"
2134:
2066:
2027:
Proposed new version of the Kazakh Latin alphabet presented in 2019
80:
6599:
Kazakh-Chinese Consice Dictionary (哈汉辞典. قازاقشا - حانزۋشا سوزدىك)
6182:"Kazakh language to be converted to Latin alphabet – MCS RK"
5658:
The 2017 Kazakh alphabet, also known as the “apostrophe alphabet”
4270:
Here is the correspondence chart of the official writing scripts:
2015:
2018 revision of the Kazakh Latin alphabet, used from 2018 to 2022
8593:
7987:
7471:
7252:
6843:
6540:"Gradual transition of the Kazakh alphabet to the Latin alphabet"
6124:
1956:
1410:
1324:
19:
7257:
6149:"Kazakhstan backtracks on move from Cyrillic to Roman alphabet?"
8204:
7936:
7844:
7242:
7237:
7232:
6740:
6727:
6240:
5703:
2105:
1366:
1255:
Character sequences гһ, зһ, кһ, нг, сһ and цһ may be romanized
76:
8063:
6279:"Kazakhstan adopts new version of Latin-based Kazakh alphabet"
5481:
5404:
5318:
4702:
4499:
2061:
The Arabic script is the official alphabet for Kazakhs in the
1338:СТ РК 1048—2002 for Windows (a modification of code page 1251)
7941:
7210:
6322:"Kazakhstan Launches Easy-To-Use Apps For New Latin Alphabet"
5868:
Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi
5580:
5548:
5433:
5388:
5062:
5004:
4975:
4847:
4760:
4650:
4464:
4435:
2397:
2130:
2119:
2054:
1952:
7098:
5513:
5353:
5248:
5225:
5199:
5170:
5097:
5033:
4946:
4911:
4882:
4818:
4789:
4621:
4528:
4377:
7946:
7931:
7653:
5831:"Kazakh President Orders Shift Away From Cyrillic Alphabet"
5465:
5283:
5132:
4731:
4685:
4592:
4557:
4406:
2726:, thus eliminating a need for Hamza. For example, the word
2142:
6601:(in Chinese and Kazakh), Ūlttar Baspasy (ۇلتتار باسپاسى),
4342:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
1968:
1964:
6717:
6004:[Orientation for the future: spiritual revival].
231:
The Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet is used in Kazakhstan, the
7118:
301:
and the tense vowel obtained from the combinations ҰУ
24:
A 1902 Kazakh text in both Arabic and Cyrillic scripts.
6516:"Kazakhs express approval of new Latin-based alphabet"
5801:"Kazakhstan to change from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet"
2854:
2104: are used to represent sounds not found in the
1990:. The transition is expected to be completed by 2031.
7058:
7051:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6031:
6029:
2165:) are classified as consonants in the Arabic Script.
6489:
6487:
6400:"Kazakhstanis Awaiting For New Latin-Based Alphabet"
7331:
List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
6544:
Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
6176:
6174:
6728:Official Kazakh version (in Arabic script) of the
6718:ALASH Cyrillic–Latin–Arabic–Runic online converter
6625:, Washington: Western Washington, pp. 603–650
6026:
6484:
5825:
5823:
5821:
1303:, which are used to render ғ, ж, х, ң, ш, and тш.
8680:
6171:
6349:. Kazakhstan's Independence: 30 Years, Nation.
5950:"Romanization of Kazakh for Geographical Names"
5642:(approved by Nazarbayev in 2017, revised 2018)
5933:"Romanization of Kazakh: BGN/PCGN 1979 System"
5818:
7889:
7375:
6756:
6035:
243:period in the 1800s, and then adapted by the
6382:"Kazakh President Tokaev introduces reforms"
6071:
6069:
6067:
5992:
5990:
5988:
5764:
5756:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5628:
5621:
5500:
5477:
5400:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2727:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2522:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
1657:In 2015, the Minister of Culture and Sports
6708:Kazakh language, alphabet and pronunciation
6416:
6344:
5912:"Non-Slavic Languages (in Cyrillic Script)"
1331:СТ РК 920-91 for MS-DOS (a modification of
327:Russification § Under the Soviet Union
16:Alphabets used to write the Kazakh language
7896:
7882:
7382:
7368:
6763:
6749:
6623:Essays presented in honor of Henry Schwarz
6459:
2517:, which means that as per Kazakh rules on
6596:
6271:
6064:
5996:
5985:
1947:working group on script transition, uses
6635:
6230:
5973:
5629:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2764:
2743:
2714:
2696:
2674:
2656:
2634:
2614:
2594:
2574:
2550:
2538:
2513:). This vowel itself is classified as a
2509:
2484:, marking that vowels in a word will be
2048:
1394:
1378:
1365:
42:
18:
7903:
7321:Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
6592:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6231:Smailova, Damira (September 14, 2017).
6159:from the original on September 29, 2014
6081:President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
4265:
1409:) in Latin-script Kazakh, published in
8681:
6713:Kazakh Cyrillic–Arabic–Latin converter
6513:
6194:from the original on February 19, 2017
5976:"Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts"
1703:
47:Kazakh Arabic and Latin script in 1924
7877:
7363:
6744:
6681:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
6620:
6495:"New kazakh latin alphabet was shown"
6259:from the original on October 27, 2017
6115:from the original on October 28, 2017
5886:
5861:
5772:
5602:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5555:
5520:
5488:
5440:
5411:
5360:
5325:
5290:
5255:
5232:
5215:
5206:
5177:
5139:
5104:
5069:
5040:
5011:
4982:
4953:
4918:
4889:
4854:
4825:
4796:
4767:
4738:
4709:
4692:
4657:
4628:
4599:
4564:
4535:
4506:
4471:
4442:
4413:
4384:
4349:
4320:
2860:List of Kazakh Arabic Script Letters
2642:As per Kazakh phonology, the letters
2477:played a similar but inverse role in
1942:In 2020, the President of Kazakhstan
7389:
7305:DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe
6723:Cyrillic–Latin 2018 online converter
6581:
6251:with journalists] (in Russian).
6736:Kazakh: extended Latin and Cyrillic
2855:Forms of the Kazakh Arabic alphabet
2747:, whereas, a derived word, such as
1709:Kazakh Latin alphabet (April 2021)
13:
8709:Alphabets used by Turkic languages
6417:Yergaliyeva, Aidana (2019-11-18).
6410:
6002:"Болашаққа бағдар: рухани жаңғыру"
5974:Pedersen, Thomas T. (2004-03-30).
1405:(Мау Зыдоң Таңдамалы Шығармалары,
14:
8720:
6696:
6345:Satubaldina, Assel (2021-02-01).
5843:from the original on July 6, 2017
2067:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
1306:The character ы may be romanized
71:. The Cyrillic script is used in
8117:
7858:
7857:
6770:
5471:
5394:
5375:
5270:
4579:
2063:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1995:
1707:
1539:
1439:
85:
6839:International Phonetic Alphabet
6672:
6658:
6644:
6629:
6614:
6556:
6532:
6507:
6435:
6392:
6374:
6363:
6338:
6314:
6289:
6224:
6206:
6131:
6095:
5836:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5750:International Phonetic Alphabet
2392:
1407:Mau Zydoñ Tañdamaly Şyğarmalary
1374:
343:
6684:(Kazakh ed.) – via
5967:
5942:
5925:
5904:
5855:
5793:
5595:
1963:(CTA), introducing the letter
1541:1938 Latin alphabet (Çaꞑalip)
1441:1929 Latin alphabet (Çaꞑalip)
1:
5786:
2718:) can only be accompanied by
2678:) can only be accompanied by
1431:was introduced by the Soviets
1251:Notes to the BGN/PCGN system
7284:Western Latin character sets
6703:Kazakh alphabet (in Russian)
4242:
4196:
4158:
4120:
4081:
4041:
4002:
3963:
3931:
3899:
3854:
3822:
3777:
3732:
3694:
3656:
3611:
3566:
3521:
3476:
3438:
3393:
3348:
3309:
3270:
3231:
3193:
3148:
3103:
3058:
3013:
2968:
2929:
2890:
2536:, is written with Hamza, as
7:
7326:Letters used in mathematics
6010:(in Kazakh). Archived from
5862:Aslan, Betül (2010-03-01).
5765:
5757:
5729:
5721:
5713:
5680:
5672:
5664:
2749:
2728:
2708:
2690:
2668:
2650:
2628:
2608:
2588:
2568:
2544:
2523:
2507:(shown in Arabic Script as
2503:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2428:
2145:and other countries of the
1345:
1318:
284:voiceless glottal fricative
250:In the nineteenth century,
10:
8725:
6871:
6235:[Nazarbayev discussed
5610:Kazakh in Cyrillic script
2542:. But in its plural form,
324:
320:
297:. The letter У represents
8645:
8556:
8528:
8519:
8413:
8404:
8344:
8335:
8254:
8245:
8213:
8135:
8126:
8115:
8097:
8046:
7955:
7924:
7915:
7853:
7692:
7492:
7397:
7339:
7313:
7292:
7271:
7221:
7203:
7185:
7162:
7079:
7070:
6859:
6811:
6778:
5622:
5571:
5536:
5504:
5497:
5456:
5452:
5424:
5420:
5379:
5344:
5309:
5274:
5190:
5186:
5158:
5120:
5116:
5088:
5053:
5049:
5024:
5020:
4995:
4991:
4966:
4962:
4937:
4902:
4898:
4873:
4838:
4834:
4809:
4805:
4780:
4776:
4751:
4747:
4722:
4718:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4641:
4637:
4612:
4608:
4583:
4548:
4544:
4519:
4515:
4490:
4455:
4451:
4426:
4422:
4397:
4393:
4368:
4333:
4329:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4256:
4255:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4023:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2841:
2829:
2817:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2702:
2684:
2662:
2644:
2622:
2602:
2582:
2562:
2497:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2377:
2375:
2349:
2344:
2317:
2312:
2297:Жіңішке дауысты дыбыстар
2290:
2279:
2277:
2256:
2251:
2229:
2224:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2156:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
1686:Karakalpak Latin alphabet
1676:(such as "sh", "ch") and
87:Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet
6875:ISO basic Latin alphabet
6831:ISO basic Latin alphabet
6826:Classical Latin alphabet
5613:Kazakh in Arabic script
2411:ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA
2295:جىڭىشكە داۋىستى دىبىستار
1425:, a Latin alphabet, the
1391:) in Latin script (1937)
8145:Altay (Altai) Mountains
6386:Modern Diplomacy Europe
5740:(January 2021 variant)
5627:
8369:Science and technology
8089:Republic of Kazakhstan
6036:Minglang Zhou (2003).
5645:Kazakh in Latin script
5640:Kazakh in Latin script
2209:Жуан дауысты дыбыстар
2129:Kazakhs living now in
2058:
1961:Common Turkic Alphabet
1659:Arystanbek Muhamediuly
1414:
1392:
1387:(Социалды Қазағыстан,
1371:
1279:to differentiate from
392:English approximation
334:Turkish Straits crisis
266:, Ү, Һ, І (until 1951
48:
40:
28:In modern orthography:
6730:People's Daily Online
6155:. December 14, 2007.
5745:(April 2021 variant)
2207:جۋان داۋىستى دىبىستار
2052:
1944:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1398:
1382:
1369:
1350:The standard Windows
363:BGN/PCGN romanization
46:
22:
8059:List of Kazakh khans
7570:Marwari (Rajasthani)
7272:Historical Standards
6666:"Mátindik konverter"
6190:. January 30, 2015.
6144:. December 13, 2007,
5998:Назарбаев, Нұрсұлтан
4266:Correspondence chart
1651:Nursultan Nazarbayev
1389:Sotsialdy Qazağystan
1385:Socialist Kazakhstan
1370:The Kazakh keyboard.
270:was used instead of
237:Bayan-Ölgiy Province
8170:Khan Tangiri Shyngy
8150:Aral Karakum Desert
8013:Kara-Khanid Khanate
7998:Xueyantuo Khaganate
6835:Phonetic alphabets
6514:Altynbayev, Kanat.
6285:. 26 February 2018.
6111:. 26 October 2017.
5919:Library of Congress
2861:
1710:
1704:Latest developments
1542:
1442:
1383:A Kazakh newspaper
1004:in scottish english
858:but with rolled r's
357:ALA-LC romanization
348:Kazakh Cyrillic is
235:in Russia, and the
88:
8694:Cyrillic alphabets
8374:Telecommunications
7222:Keyboard layouts (
6597:Nayman, S (1985),
6406:. 14 January 2020.
6220:. 31 October 2017.
6083:. October 26, 2017
6000:(April 26, 2017).
5839:. April 12, 2017.
5707:(1964–1984)
2859:
2811:), and words with
2482:Yaña imlâ alphabet
2124:Akhmet Baitursynov
2072:Akhmet Baitursynov
2059:
1708:
1540:
1440:
1415:
1400:Selected works of
1393:
1372:
252:Ibrahim Altynsarin
86:
55:are used to write
49:
41:
8676:
8675:
8641:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8400:
8399:
8331:
8330:
8323:Political parties
8296:Freedom of speech
8269:Foreign relations
8241:
8240:
8113:
8112:
8069:Russian Turkestan
7993:Oghuz Yabgu State
7871:
7870:
7357:
7356:
7293:Current Standards
7217:
7216:
7065:
7064:
6851:Spelling alphabet
6388:. 7 January 2020.
6044:Mouton de Gruyter
5807:. 27 October 2017
5784:
5783:
5697:Kazakh in Yañalif
5600:Article 1 of the
5590:Menıñ Qazaqstanym
5586:
5585:
5164:Hamza + Waw with
5071:[ʊw~yw~w]
4309:
4304:
4299:
4263:
4262:
4011:ٴحامزا-ۋاۋ دامما
2390:
2389:
1988:Turkmen alphabets
1940:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1647:
1646:
1538:
1537:
1249:
1248:
260:Sarsen Amanzholov
229:
228:
8716:
8689:Arabic alphabets
8661:
8654:
8526:
8525:
8501:Wedding ceremony
8461:
8411:
8410:
8392:Waste management
8382:
8342:
8341:
8252:
8251:
8223:Cities and towns
8195:Tien (Tian) Shan
8133:
8132:
8121:
8023:Chagatai Khanate
8008:Kyrgyz Khaganate
8003:Uyghur Khaganate
7968:Rouran Khaganate
7922:
7921:
7898:
7891:
7884:
7875:
7874:
7861:
7860:
7391:Arabic alphabets
7384:
7377:
7370:
7361:
7360:
7077:
7076:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7033:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6869:
6868:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6742:
6741:
6690:
6689:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6648:
6642:
6641:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6594:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6491:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6423:The Astana Times
6414:
6408:
6407:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6378:
6372:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6351:The Astana Times
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6283:The Astana Times
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6145:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6073:
6062:
6061:
6033:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6014:on June 28, 2017
6007:Egemen Qazaqstan
5994:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5938:. February 2022.
5937:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5916:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5900:. 13 March 2018.
5890:
5884:
5883:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5827:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5797:
5780:
5777:
5769:
5761:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5684:
5676:
5668:
5653:Kazakh Knowledge
5632:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5607:
5606:
5582:
5573:
5559:
5550:
5538:
5524:
5515:
5506:
5492:
5483:
5467:
5458:
5444:
5435:
5426:
5415:
5406:
5390:
5381:
5364:
5355:
5346:
5329:
5320:
5311:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5259:
5250:
5236:
5227:
5210:
5201:
5192:
5181:
5172:
5160:
5143:
5134:
5122:
5108:
5099:
5090:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5015:
5006:
4997:
4986:
4977:
4968:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4858:
4849:
4840:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4800:
4791:
4782:
4771:
4762:
4753:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4713:
4704:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4661:
4652:
4643:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4568:
4559:
4550:
4539:
4530:
4521:
4510:
4501:
4492:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4417:
4408:
4399:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4324:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4273:
4272:
4258:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4099:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4020:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3981:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3872:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3750:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3584:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3494:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3366:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3327:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3288:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3121:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3076:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2908:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2815:, take suffixes
2810:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2766:
2762:, is written as
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2386:
2371:
2286:
2273:
2168:
2167:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1999:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1665:Egemen Qazaqstan
1543:
1443:
1435:Kazakhs in China
1423:Turkic languages
1419:Turkish alphabet
375:
374:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
281:
89:
33:Transliteration:
8724:
8723:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8704:Kazakh language
8699:Latin alphabets
8679:
8678:
8677:
8672:
8664:
8657:
8650:
8633:
8552:
8515:
8459:
8396:
8380:
8327:
8308:Law enforcement
8237:
8209:
8175:Kyzylkum Desert
8122:
8109:
8093:
8042:
7951:
7911:
7902:
7872:
7867:
7849:
7794:Koyraboro Senni
7688:
7565:Ottoman Turkish
7488:
7467:Ottoman Turkish
7393:
7388:
7358:
7353:
7335:
7309:
7288:
7267:
7213:
7199:
7181:
7158:
7066:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6952:
6945:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6882:
6877:
6873:Letters of the
6855:
6807:
6774:
6769:
6699:
6694:
6693:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6652:"Qazaq álipbıi"
6650:
6649:
6645:
6634:
6630:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6595:
6582:
6573:
6571:
6570:. February 2021
6562:
6561:
6557:
6548:
6546:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6524:
6522:
6512:
6508:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6476:
6474:
6473:. February 2021
6465:
6464:
6460:
6451:
6449:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6427:
6425:
6415:
6411:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6368:
6364:
6355:
6353:
6343:
6339:
6330:
6328:
6326:caspiannews.com
6320:
6319:
6315:
6306:
6304:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6262:
6260:
6229:
6225:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6197:
6195:
6180:
6179:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6147:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6118:
6116:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6086:
6084:
6075:
6074:
6065:
6054:
6046:. p. 149.
6034:
6027:
6017:
6015:
5995:
5986:
5978:
5972:
5968:
5959:
5957:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5926:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5898:astanatimes.com
5892:
5891:
5887:
5874:(40): 357–374.
5860:
5856:
5846:
5844:
5829:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5808:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5775:
5744:
5743:Kazakh in Latin
5739:
5738:Kazakh in Latin
5706:
5699:(1938 variant)
5698:
5694:(1929 variant)
5693:
5646:
5641:
5598:
5094:Waw with 3 dots
4659:[ɯj~ɪj]
4601:[ʒ~d͡ʒ]
4268:
4250:
4204:
4166:
4128:
4089:
4049:
4010:
4008:hämzä-uau damma
3971:
3939:
3907:
3862:
3830:
3785:
3740:
3702:
3664:
3619:
3574:
3529:
3484:
3446:
3401:
3356:
3317:
3278:
3239:
3201:
3156:
3111:
3066:
3021:
2976:
2937:
2898:
2870:Name in Kazakh
2866:Transliteration
2857:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:ٴىـ / ٴـى / ٴى
2310:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2159:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1706:
1377:
1352:keyboard layout
1348:
1321:
379:
346:
329:
323:
282:, soft h, or a
36:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8722:
8712:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8663:
8662:
8655:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8529:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8455:
8450:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8414:
8408:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8364:Stock Exchange
8361:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8339:
8333:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8284:Prime Minister
8281:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8236:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8219:
8217:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8140:Aktogay Canyon
8136:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8107:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8074:Alash Autonomy
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8054:Kazakh Khanate
8050:
8048:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7928:
7926:
7919:
7913:
7912:
7901:
7900:
7893:
7886:
7878:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7854:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7827:
7822:
7816:
7807:
7802:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7689:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7640:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7480:
7474:
7472:Serbo-Croatian
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7452:Dobrujan Tatar
7449:
7444:
7438:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7386:
7379:
7372:
7364:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7229:
7227:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7207:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6879:
6878:
6872:
6867:
6865:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6833:
6828:
6822:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6798:Roman numerals
6795:
6790:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6768:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6698:
6697:External links
6695:
6692:
6691:
6671:
6657:
6643:
6628:
6613:
6607:
6580:
6555:
6531:
6506:
6483:
6458:
6434:
6409:
6391:
6373:
6362:
6337:
6313:
6288:
6270:
6223:
6205:
6170:
6130:
6094:
6063:
6052:
6025:
5984:
5966:
5941:
5924:
5903:
5885:
5854:
5817:
5805:Deutsche Welle
5791:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5770:
5762:
5753:
5752:
5748:Kazakh in the
5746:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5726:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5700:
5695:
5686:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5626:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5597:
5594:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5542:Ya + Waw with
5540:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5460:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5383:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5147:
5144:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5028:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4714:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4432:Waw with Haček
4430:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4206:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4091:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4051:
4050:ۋاۋ ٴۇش نوقات
4044:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4012:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3973:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3742:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3665:كاف ٴۇش نوقات
3659:
3655:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3576:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3486:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3358:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3319:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3280:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3113:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3023:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2900:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2856:
2853:
2775:take suffixes
2741:is written as
2640:
2639:
2619:
2599:
2579:
2548:is written as
2472:
2471:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2158:
2155:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1705:
1702:
1690:Uzbek alphabet
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1376:
1373:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1304:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
976:
973:
970:
967:
963:
962:
955:
952:
949:
946:
942:
941:
934:
931:
928:
925:
921:
920:
914:
911:
908:
905:
901:
900:
894:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
874:
871:
868:
865:
861:
860:
851:
848:
845:
842:
838:
837:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
797:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
777:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
757:
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
731:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
697:
691:
688:
685:
682:
678:
677:
671:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
631:
628:
625:
622:
618:
617:
611:
608:
605:
602:
598:
597:
590:
587:
584:
581:
577:
576:
570:
567:
564:
561:
557:
556:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
530:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
509:
506:
503:
500:
496:
495:
489:
486:
483:
480:
476:
475:
468:
465:
462:
459:
455:
454:
448:
445:
442:
439:
435:
434:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
373:
372:
366:
360:
345:
342:
322:
319:
241:Russian Empire
233:Altai Republic
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
69:Arabic scripts
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8721:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8660:
8656:
8653:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8555:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8518:
8512:
8511:Kazakh tribes
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8359:National Bank
8357:
8355:
8354:Energy policy
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8334:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8244:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8212:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8185:Sharyn Canyon
8183:
8181:
8180:Lake Balkhash
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8165:Kazakh Steppe
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8120:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8039:
8038:Uzbek Khanate
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8018:Mongol Empire
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7983:Kimek Khanate
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7956:Early history
7954:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7899:
7894:
7892:
7887:
7885:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7864:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7825:Swahili Ajami
7823:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7691:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7447:Crimean Tatar
7445:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7385:
7380:
7378:
7373:
7371:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7220:
7212:
7208:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6972:
6969:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6944:
6941:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6895:
6892:
6888:
6885:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6777:
6773:
6766:
6761:
6759:
6754:
6752:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6675:
6667:
6661:
6653:
6647:
6639:
6632:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6608:9787105053520
6604:
6600:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6569:
6565:
6559:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6521:
6517:
6510:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6472:
6468:
6462:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6424:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6401:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6371:
6366:
6352:
6348:
6341:
6327:
6323:
6317:
6302:
6298:
6292:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6227:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6198:September 17,
6193:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6175:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6143:
6142:
6134:
6126:
6114:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6059:
6055:
6053:3-11-017896-6
6049:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6032:
6030:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5977:
5970:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5934:
5928:
5920:
5913:
5907:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5779:
5771:
5768:
5763:
5760:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5747:
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5737:
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5732:
5727:
5724:
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5711:
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5696:
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5688:
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5678:
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5644:
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5620:
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5615:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5593:
5591:
5579:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5564:
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5558:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5545:
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5535:
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5529:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5503:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5430:Alif maqṣūrah
5429:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5385:Sheen + Sheen
5384:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5362:[ʃtʃ]
5359:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5198:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5058:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4740:[q~χ]
4737:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:يا ەكى نوقات
4203:
4200:
4197:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4113:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4090:ۋاۋ قۇسبەلگى
4088:
4085:
4082:
4074:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4034:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3995:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3956:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3924:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3847:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3341:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3302:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3263:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3157:حا ٴۇش نوقات
3155:
3152:
3149:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2961:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2938:ٴحامزا-ٴالىپ
2936:
2933:
2930:
2922:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2814:
2774:
2769:
2751:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2710:
2692:
2681:
2670:
2652:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2546:
2525:
2520:
2519:vowel harmony
2516:
2505:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2459:
2456:
2446:
2443:
2433:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2151:Arabic script
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2045:Arabic script
2035:
2030:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1655:
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1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
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1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
964:
960:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
922:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
779:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
759:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
699:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
679:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:
595:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
514:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
477:
473:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
436:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:
412:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
377:
376:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
353:
351:
341:
337:
335:
328:
318:
287:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
45:
39:
34:
29:
25:
21:
8569:Azerbaijanis
8521:Demographics
8438:Coat of arms
8428:Architecture
8417:
8291:Human rights
8259:Constitution
8215:Subdivisions
8028:Golden Horde
7978:Kangar union
7789:Koyra Chiini
7539:
7456:
7434:Circassian (
7349:Palaeography
6793:Romanization
6772:Latin script
6729:
6680:
6674:
6660:
6646:
6637:
6631:
6622:
6616:
6598:
6572:. Retrieved
6568:Astana Times
6567:
6558:
6547:. Retrieved
6543:
6534:
6523:. Retrieved
6520:Caravanserai
6519:
6509:
6498:. Retrieved
6475:. Retrieved
6471:Astana Times
6470:
6461:
6450:. Retrieved
6446:
6437:
6426:. Retrieved
6422:
6412:
6404:Caspian News
6403:
6394:
6385:
6376:
6365:
6354:. Retrieved
6350:
6340:
6329:. Retrieved
6325:
6316:
6305:. Retrieved
6303:(in Russian)
6300:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6261:. Retrieved
6226:
6217:
6208:
6196:. Retrieved
6185:
6161:. Retrieved
6152:
6139:
6133:
6123:– via
6117:. Retrieved
6108:The Guardian
6106:
6097:
6085:. Retrieved
6058:Google Books
6056:– via
6038:
6016:. Retrieved
6012:the original
6005:
5969:
5958:. Retrieved
5956:. March 2016
5953:
5944:
5927:
5918:
5906:
5897:
5888:
5871:
5867:
5857:
5845:. Retrieved
5834:
5809:. Retrieved
5804:
5795:
5682:tiʼis.
5647:(version by
5599:
5587:
5557:[jɑ]
5543:
5522:[jʊ]
5292:[tʃ]
5257:[ts]
5165:
5127:
4566:[jo]
4537:[jɪ]
4374:Hamza + Alif
4269:
4247:
4202:ia ekı noqat
4201:
4163:
4125:
4087:uau qūsbelgı
4086:
4047:uau üş noqat
4046:
4007:
3968:
3936:
3904:
3863:ٴحا ەكى كوز
3859:
3827:
3782:
3737:
3699:
3662:käf üş noqat
3661:
3616:
3571:
3526:
3481:
3443:
3398:
3353:
3314:
3275:
3236:
3198:
3153:
3108:
3063:
3018:
2973:
2934:
2895:
2813:front vowels
2770:
2736:a tiny grain
2724:front vowels
2720:front vowels
2641:
2556:
2493:front vowels
2490:
2473:
2415:front vowels
2396:
2393:Use of Hamza
2226:ىـ / ـى / ى
2162:
2160:
2128:
2116:front vowels
2113:
2110:
2098: and
2060:
1977:
1973:
1967:in place of
1941:
1698:acute accent
1694:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1648:
1416:
1406:
1399:
1388:
1384:
1375:Latin script
1362:number keys.
1361:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1341:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1223:
1204:
1184:
1163:
1143:
1124:
1103:
1083:
1063:
1043:
1022:
1003:
999:
978:
958:
937:
916:
897:
876:
857:
853:
833:
813:
793:
774:
753:
733:
713:
693:
673:
653:
633:
613:
593:
572:
552:
532:
512:
491:
471:
450:
430:
410:
347:
344:Romanization
338:
330:
288:
276:
271:
267:
249:
245:Soviet Union
230:
50:
37:
32:
27:
23:
8349:Agriculture
8160:Caspian Sea
8079:Kazakh ASSR
8033:White Horde
7819:Tawellemmet
7814:Air Tamajeq
7770:Serer Ajami
7755:Hausa Ajami
7739:Fuuta Tooro
7734:Fuuta Jalon
7684:Xiao'erjing
7505:Azerbaijani
7420:Azerbaijani
7279:ISO/IEC 646
7205:Pentagraphs
7187:Tetragraphs
7072:Multigraphs
6263:October 25,
6237:devaluation
6163:October 30,
6153:Pinyin News
6087:October 26,
6018:October 30,
5847:October 30,
5596:Text sample
5490:[e]
5442:[ɪ]
5413:[ɯ]
5327:[ʃ]
5234:[χ]
5208:[h]
5179:[f]
5141:[y]
5106:[ʊ]
5042:[t]
5013:[s]
4984:[ɾ]
4955:[p]
4943:Hamza + Waw
4920:[ø]
4891:[o]
4856:[ŋ]
4827:[n]
4798:[m]
4769:[l]
4711:[k]
4694:[j]
4630:[z]
4508:[d]
4473:[ʁ]
4444:[g]
4415:[v]
4386:[b]
4351:[æ]
4322:[ɑ]
3940:ٴحامزا-ۋاۋ
3154:ha üş noqat
2773:back vowels
2680:back vowels
2515:front vowel
2486:back vowels
2475:Dagger alif
2147:Middle East
2139:Afghanistan
1984:Azerbaijani
1682:apostrophes
1310:instead of
389:ISO 9:1995
8683:Categories
8624:Ukrainians
8496:Television
8460:(Internet)
8381:(currency)
8318:Parliament
8274:Government
8200:Ural River
8084:Kazakh SSR
8047:Since 1465
7925:Prehistory
7905:Kazakhstan
7715:Fula Ajami
7520:Burushaski
7515:Buri Wolio
7425:Belarusian
7344:Diacritics
6686:Wikisource
6574:2021-02-02
6549:2020-05-04
6525:2022-03-08
6500:2021-02-02
6477:2021-02-02
6452:2020-05-22
6428:2020-04-03
6356:2022-03-08
6331:2022-03-08
6307:2023-01-22
6119:30 October
5960:2022-12-13
5954:www.eki.ee
5811:2020-09-16
5787:References
5702:Kazakh in
5689:Kazakh in
5651:, used by
5462:Hamza + Ya
4167:ٴحامزا-يا
3972:ۋاۋ دامما
3860:hä ekı köz
2935:hämzä-älıp
2304:ٴـۇ / ٴۇ
2178:Unrounded
2108:language.
1789:(Й й, И и)
1775:(Х х, Һ һ)
1678:diacritics
1402:Mao Zedong
1097:Shch shch
369:ISO 9:1995
325:See also:
73:Kazakhstan
8564:Armenians
8533:Education
8491:Squatting
8387:Transport
8279:President
8264:Elections
8228:Districts
8190:Syr Darya
8128:Geography
7700:Afrikaans
7649:Sulat Sug
7643:Kohistani
7632:Shahmukhi
7560:Malayalam
7525:Cham Jawi
7483:Yaña imlâ
7478:İske imlâ
7441:Kabardian
7410:Aljamiado
7164:Trigraphs
6860:Letters (
6813:Alphabets
6803:Ligatures
6301:Akorda.kz
6187:Kazinform
6146:cited in
6141:Kazinform
5880:1300-9052
5649:Kazinform
5577:Ya + Alif
5373:Shch shch
5280:Ta + Seen
5126:Waw with
4281:Cyrillic
3969:uau damma
3937:hämzä-uau
2878:Isolated
2350:Е е / Э э
2324:ٴا / ٴـا
2309:ٴـو/ ٴو
2092:,
2086:,
2080:,
1333:code page
1094:Shch shch
386:BGN/PCGN
350:romanized
247:in 1940.
53:alphabets
8668:Category
8609:Russians
8543:Language
8481:Religion
8433:Clothing
8418:Alphabet
8313:Military
8247:Politics
8098:By topic
7973:Göktürks
7909:articles
7863:Category
7830:Wadaad's
7775:Shimaore
7710:Comorain
7617:Rohingya
7581:Sarikoli
7535:Kashmiri
7405:Albanian
7081:Digraphs
6447:Linkedin
6257:Archived
6249:Golovkin
6241:"saebiz"
6218:BBC News
6192:Archived
6157:Archived
6113:Archived
5841:Archived
5616:English
4589:Ya + Waw
4259:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4164:hämzä-ia
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4038:
4032:
4026:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2887:Initial
2765:تۇيىرشىك
2757:granular
2750:tüyirşik
2551:تۇيىستەر
2545:tüyister
2332:(Latin)
2330:Cyrillic
2239:(Latin)
2237:Cyrillic
2221:ـو / و
2216:ـۇ / ۇ
2149:use the
2135:Pakistan
2003:digraphs
1957:cedillas
1688:and the
1674:digraphs
1346:Keyboard
1319:Encoding
736:illenia
378:Cyrillic
256:reworked
81:Mongolia
61:Cyrillic
8652:Outline
8629:Uyghurs
8599:Koreans
8594:Kazakhs
8579:Germans
8557:Peoples
8466:Kazakhs
8458:Kaznet
8443:Cuisine
8406:Culture
8337:Economy
8233:Regions
8205:Zhetysu
8155:Borders
7988:Karluks
7917:History
7784:Humburi
7780:Songhay
7760:Kanembu
7750:Kibushi
7744:Maasina
7729:Nigeria
7724:Bagirmi
7719:Adamawa
7664:Turkmen
7659:Torwali
7638:Gilgiti
7636:Shina (
7622:Saraiki
7612:Persian
7597:Parkari
7586:Shughni
7576:Munjani
7574:Pamir (
7550:Kurdish
7510:Balochi
7476:Tatar (
7430:Chechen
7300:Unicode
7253:Colemak
6844:X-SAMPA
6783:History
6125:Reuters
5921:. 2017.
5691:Yañalif
5574:
5539:
5507:
5459:
5427:
5382:
5370:Ştş ştş
5347:
5312:
5277:
5193:
5161:
5123:
5091:
5056:
5027:
4998:
4969:
4940:
4905:
4876:
4841:
4812:
4783:
4754:
4725:
4679:
4644:
4615:
4586:
4551:
4522:
4493:
4458:
4429:
4400:
4371:
4336:
4291:Braille
4287:Arabic
4251:ٴحامزا
4244:Ъъ, Ьь
4198:Йй, Ии
2884:Medial
2408:ٴ
2300:Arabic
2231:ا / ـا
2212:Arabic
2174:Rounded
2065:of the
1980:Turkish
1949:umlauts
1427:Yañalif
1413:in 1977
1411:Beijing
1357:Russian
1325:Unicode
1233:I͡a i͡a
1214:I͡u i͡u
1166:llness
1033:T͡s t͡s
836:rotect
764:N͡g n͡g
535:oorway
453:oredom
383:ALA-LC
380:letter
321:History
313:and ІУ
293:and ІЙ
8614:Tatars
8584:Greeks
8574:Dungan
8538:Health
8423:Anthem
8379:Tenge
8105:Postal
7937:Kangju
7907:
7845:Yoruba
7834:Somali
7810:Tuareg
7805:Sorabe
7705:Berber
7693:Africa
7674:Uyghur
7627:Sindhi
7602:Pashto
7555:Kyrgyz
7545:Khowar
7540:Kazakh
7500:Arabic
7457:Kazakh
7436:Adyghe
7398:Europe
7248:Dvorak
7243:AZERTY
7238:QWERTZ
7233:QWERTY
6788:Spread
6605:
6050:
5878:
5731:tiyis.
5715:tijis.
5704:Pinyin
4312:Letter
4284:Latin
2899:ٴالىپ
2881:Final
2848:‑تىك
2836:‑دىك
2824:‑لىك
2744:ٴتۇيىر
2700:) and
2660:) and
2539:ٴتۇيىس
2510:ە / ـە
2405:
2403:U+0674
2357:(Ä ä)
2352:(E e)
2347:(I ı)
2342:(Ö ö)
2337:(Ü ü)
2319:ە / ـە
2259:(A a)
2254:(Y y)
2249:(O o)
2244:(Ū ū)
2195:Close
2157:Vowels
2106:Arabic
1953:breves
1299:, and
1275:h and
1236:Ya ya
1217:Yu yu
1185:silent
1125:silent
1077:Sh sh
1057:Ch ch
1036:Ts ts
1025:inder
992:Kh kh
933:U̇ u̇
770:N̦ n̦
767:Ng ng
716:uster
690:K̦ k̦
586:Zh zh
566:Yo yo
505:Gh gh
427:A̋ a̋
79:, and
77:Russia
59:: the
57:Kazakh
51:Three
8659:Index
8619:Turks
8604:Poles
8548:Women
8506:Y-DNA
8486:Sport
8476:Music
8471:Media
7942:Wusun
7840:Wolof
7799:Zarma
7679:Uzbek
7654:Tamil
7607:Pegon
7591:Wakhi
7314:Lists
7211:tzsch
5979:(PDF)
5936:(PDF)
5915:(PDF)
5778:]
5774:[
5767:tiıs.
5759:tiıs.
5723:tijs.
5674:tïis.
5666:tıis.
5568:Ia ıa
5565:İa ia
5544:damma
5533:Iý ıý
5530:İu iu
5350:Sheen
5341:Sʼ sʼ
5338:Sh sh
5315:Cheem
5306:Cʼ cʼ
5303:Ch ch
5300:Tş tş
5265:Ts ts
5166:damma
5155:Uʼ uʼ
5128:damma
5085:Yʼ yʼ
4934:Oʼ oʼ
4870:Nʼ nʼ
4673:Iʼ iʼ
4577:Io ıo
4574:İo io
4496:Ghain
4487:Gʼ gʼ
4365:Aʼ aʼ
4315:Name
4248:hämzä
4215:, ,
4213:]
4209:[
4098:]
4094:[
4060:, ,
4058:]
4054:[
4019:]
4015:[
3980:]
3976:[
3871:]
3867:[
3794:]
3790:[
3749:]
3745:[
3703:ٴلام
3628:]
3624:[
3583:]
3579:[
3538:]
3534:[
3493:]
3489:[
3410:]
3406:[
3365:]
3361:[
3326:]
3322:[
3318:زاين
3287:]
3283:[
3248:]
3244:[
3240:ٴدال
3165:]
3161:[
3120:]
3116:[
3075:]
3071:[
3030:]
3026:[
2985:]
2981:[
2946:]
2942:[
2907:]
2903:[
2729:Tüyir
2524:tüyis
2479:Tatar
2398:Hamza
2385:]
2381:[
2370:]
2366:[
2292:Front
2285:]
2281:[
2272:]
2268:[
2198:Open
2186:Close
2131:China
2120:abjad
2055:abjad
1933:(З з)
1926:(Ы ы)
1919:(В в)
1912:(Ү ү)
1905:(Ұ ұ)
1898:(У у)
1891:(Т т)
1882:(Ш ш)
1875:(С с)
1868:(Р р)
1861:(Қ қ)
1854:(П п)
1847:(Ө ө)
1840:(О о)
1833:(Ң ң)
1824:(Н н)
1817:(М м)
1810:(Л л)
1803:(К к)
1796:(Ж ж)
1782:(І і)
1766:(Ғ ғ)
1759:(Г г)
1752:(Ф ф)
1745:(Е е)
1738:(Д д)
1731:(Б б)
1724:(Ә ә)
1717:(А а)
1074:Sh sh
1054:Ch ch
1002:ness
989:Kh kh
948:U̇ u̇
879:tall
796:lden
696:ueen
636:nner
583:Zh zh
502:Gh gh
474:eway
433:pple
309:, ЫУ
305:, ҮУ
65:Latin
8589:Jews
8453:Flag
8447:wine
8301:LGBT
7963:Tele
7947:Huns
7932:Saka
7765:Maba
7669:Urdu
7530:Jawi
7493:Asia
7415:Avar
7258:BÉPO
7224:list
7195:ough
6862:list
6817:list
6603:ISBN
6265:2017
6247:and
6245:Expo
6200:2015
6165:2017
6121:2017
6089:2017
6048:ISBN
6020:2017
5876:ISSN
5849:2017
5537:يۇ
5030:Seen
4896:О о
4844:Noon
4815:Meem
4618:Jeem
4542:Е е
4339:Alif
4327:А а
4308:2017
4303:2018
4298:2021
4185:ٴـىـ
3908:ۋاۋ
3831:ٴحا
3786:نۋن
3741:ميم
3620:گاف
3575:کاف
3530:قاف
3447:اين
3402:شين
3357:سين
3315:zain
3112:جيم
2896:älıf
2842:-тік
2839:) /
2830:-дік
2827:) /
2818:-лік
2808:‑تىق
2802:-тық
2799:) /
2796:‑دىق
2790:-дық
2787:) /
2784:‑لىق
2778:-лық
2531:knot
2362:IPA
2264:IPA
2204:Back
2191:Open
2143:Iran
1986:and
1955:and
1643:Ь ь
1640:Y y
1637:Ū ū
1634:Ɵ ɵ
1631:Ꞑ ꞑ
1628:H h
1625:Ə ə
1622:C c
1619:Q q
1616:Ƣ ƣ
1611:X x
1608:F f
1605:U u
1602:T t
1599:S s
1596:R r
1593:P p
1590:O o
1587:N n
1584:M m
1581:L l
1576:K k
1573:J j
1570:I i
1567:Z z
1564:Ç ç
1561:E e
1558:D d
1555:G g
1552:V v
1549:B ʙ
1546:A a
1534:Ь ь
1531:Z z
1528:Y y
1525:V v
1522:U u
1519:T t
1516:S s
1513:R r
1510:Q q
1505:P p
1502:Ɵ ɵ
1499:O o
1496:Ꞑ ꞑ
1493:N n
1490:M m
1487:L l
1484:K k
1481:J j
1478:I i
1473:H h
1470:Ƣ ƣ
1467:G g
1464:Ə ə
1461:E e
1458:D d
1455:Ç ç
1452:C c
1449:B ʙ
1446:A a
1335:866)
1277:ts·h
1239:Â â
1230:Я я
1220:Û û
1211:Ю ю
1200:È è
1197:Ė ė
1191:Э э
1171:Ь ь
1160:Ì ì
1157:I i
1151:І і
1146:ell
1140:Y y
1137:Y y
1131:Ы ы
1111:Ъ ъ
1106:all
1100:Ŝ ŝ
1091:Щ щ
1086:are
1080:Š š
1071:Ш ш
1066:eat
1060:Č č
1051:Ч ч
1039:C c
1030:Ц ц
1019:Ḥ ḥ
1016:H h
1010:Һ һ
995:H h
986:Х х
981:all
975:F f
972:F f
966:Ф ф
954:Ù ù
951:Ü ü
945:Ү ү
930:U u
924:Ұ ұ
919:ber
913:U u
910:Ū ū
904:У у
893:T t
890:T t
884:Т т
873:S s
870:S s
864:С с
856:ing
850:R r
847:R r
841:Р р
830:P p
827:P p
821:П п
810:Ô ô
807:Ö ö
801:Ө ө
790:O o
787:O o
781:О о
761:Ң ң
750:N n
747:N n
741:Н н
730:M m
727:M m
721:М м
710:L l
707:L l
701:Л л
687:Q q
681:Қ қ
676:ing
670:K k
667:K k
661:К к
650:J j
647:Y y
641:Й й
630:I i
627:Ī ī
621:И и
616:inc
610:Z z
607:Z z
601:З з
596:ion
589:Ž ž
580:Ж ж
569:Ë ë
560:Ё ё
549:E e
546:E e
540:Е е
529:D d
526:D d
520:Д д
508:Ġ ġ
499:Ғ ғ
494:oal
488:G g
485:G g
479:Г г
467:V v
464:V v
458:В в
447:B b
444:B b
438:Б б
424:Ä ä
418:Ә ә
406:A a
403:A a
397:А а
315:/ɪw/
311:/əw/
307:/ʉw/
303:/ʊw/
295:/ɪj/
291:/əj/
225:Я я
222:Ю ю
219:Э э
216:Ь ь
213:І і
210:Ы ы
207:Ъ ъ
202:Щ щ
199:Ш ш
196:Ч ч
193:Ц ц
190:Һ һ
187:Х х
184:Ф ф
179:Ү ү
176:Ұ ұ
173:У у
170:Т т
167:С с
164:Р р
161:П п
156:Ө ө
153:О о
150:Ң ң
147:Н н
144:М м
141:Л л
138:Қ қ
133:К к
130:Й й
127:И и
124:З з
121:Ж ж
118:Ё ё
115:Е е
110:Д д
107:Ғ ғ
104:Г г
101:В в
98:Б б
95:Ә ә
92:А а
67:and
8064:Jüz
7462:Lak
7263:Neo
7177:eau
7172:dzs
7059:Zz
6968:Mm
6253:KTK
5562:Я я
5527:Ю ю
5498:E e
5495:Э э
5475:Ь ь
5453:I i
5450:I ı
5447:І і
5421:Y y
5418:Ы ы
5398:Ъ ъ
5367:Щ щ
5335:Ş ş
5332:Ш ш
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