Ken Livingstone - Knowledge

3070:, for which Livingstone called Johnson a "bare-faced liar". The political scientist Andrew Crines believed that Livingstone's campaign suffered from its focus on attacking Johnson rather than presenting an alternative, progressive vision of London's future. Crines also suggested that after decades in the public eye, Livingstone had come to be seen as an over-familiar and politically tired figure by the electorate. In the election, Johnson won with 1,054,811 votes, to Livingstone's 992,273. Criticising media bias against him, Livingstone announced his retirement from politics. Remaining a critic of Johnson, in April 2014 he stated his belief that the latter would soon become leader of the Conservative Party and advised Labour "not to make the mistake of assuming they're dealing with a hardline right-wing ideologue", but to "concentrate on the fact they're dealing with a fairly lazy tosser who just wants to be there". 1852:"Whatever the long-term achievements of Livingstone's administration, there is no question that its aggression towards the government and the Establishment ultimately spelled doom for the GLC. In the eyes of the government and the media, Livingstone started badly and got worse. Within eight months, he was in deep crisis and within two years, Margaret Thatcher had started the wheels in motion for abolition. Such was the backlash by judges, civil servants, politicians and journalists that Livingstone failed not only in the key objective of bringing down Thatcher but also in implementing many of his policies. It would lay Livingstone open to the allegation that he had laid the GLC at the sacrificial altar of his ambition." 3079: 1552:, Women Against Rape, Lesbian Line, A Woman's Place, and Rights of Women. Believing these groups could initiate social change, the GLC increased its annual funding of voluntary organisations from £6 million in 1980 to £50 million in 1984. They provided loans to such groups, coming under a barrage of press criticism for awarding a loan to the Sheba Feminist Publishers, whose works were widely labelled pornographic. In July 1981, Livingstone founded the Ethnic Minorities Committee, the Police Committee, and the Gay and Lesbian Working Party, and in June 1982, a Women's Committee was also established. Believing the 3329:. In 1987, he stated that "politics is my religion. It's my moral framework. I believe a socialist society is inherently the best thing, and that's like an act of faith." In 2007, he stated that "I still believe one day that the idea that the main means of production are owned by private individuals... will be considered as anti-democratic as the idea serfs could be tied to the land. But I will not be alive when that day comes." Livingstone had always worked towards a unified socialist front on the British left, and disliked the tendency towards splintering and forming rival factions, usually over issues of 2949:. At the start of the campaign Livingstone took Johnson more seriously than many others were doing, referring to him as "the most formidable opponent I will face in my political career." Much of Labour's campaign revolved around criticising Johnson for past perceived racist and homophobic comments, although Johnson denied that he was bigoted. Livingstone also proposed that, if he were to win a third term, he would increase the congestion charge fee to £25 for the most polluting vehicles, while removing it for the least, and would also introduce a cycling scheme based on the 3146: 1516:". On 20 May 1981, the GLC halted its annual spending of £1 million on nuclear war defence plans, with Livingstone's deputy, Illtyd Harrington, proclaiming that "we are challenging... the absurd cosmetic approach to Armageddon." They published the names of the 3000 politicians and administrators who had been earmarked for survival in underground bunkers in the event of a nuclear strike on London. Thatcher's government remained highly critical of these moves, putting out a propaganda campaign explaining their argument for the necessity of Britain's 1321:, Livingstone announced "London's ours! After the most vicious GLC election of all time, the Labour Party has won a working majority on a radical socialist programme." He stated that their job was to "sustain a holding operation until such time as the Tory government can be brought down and replaced by a left-wing Labour government." There was a perception among Livingstone's allies that they constituted the genuine opposition to Thatcher's government, with Foot's Labour leadership dismissed as ineffectual; they hoped Benn would soon replace him. 10894: 10877: 1136:, Livingstone was elected Chair of Camden's Housing Committee; putting forward radical reforms, he democratised council housing meetings by welcoming local people, froze rents for a year, reformed the rate collection system, changed rent arrears procedures and implemented further compulsory purchase orders to increase council housing. Criticised by some senior colleagues as incompetent and excessively ambitious, some accused him of encouraging leftists to move into the borough's council housing to increase his local support base. 1055:. With growing support from Labour leftists, in March 1974 he was elected to the executive of the Greater London Labour Party (GLLP), responsible for drawing up the manifesto for the GLC Labour group and the lists of candidates for council and parliamentary seats. Turning his attention once more to housing, he became Vice Chairman of the GLC's Housing Management Committee, but was sacked in April 1975 for his opposition to the Goodwin administration's decision to cut £50 million from the GLC's housebuilding budget. With the 2989:"Obviously everyone respects the decision of the electorate. But it is already clear that Boris Johnson's Tory regime is one of decline London: economic decline, social decline, cultural decline and environmental decline. This is the real root of the incompetence has shown in its first two months in office. I believe this will become increasingly obvious and therefore I will use the normal methods of democratic debate to convince electors that the previous policies were successful and the new ones will fail." 3302:"Ken never had a very clear political philosophy. Ken never read philosophical books from a political point of view. He had a gut feeling; he was always opposed to exploitation and inequalities in a big way. He had a social conscience and wanted to do something about it. But he saw it within the existing parliamentary and political system. He didn't consider taking up arms against anybody as a way forward or dramatically changing the electoral system. He thought you could persuade and change the Labour Party." 2435: 2732: 1744: 1160:(NUPE) went on strike, demanding a 35-hour limit to their working week and a weekly wage increase to £60. Livingstone backed the strikers, urging Camden Council to grant their demands, eventually getting his way. District auditor Ian Pickwell, a government-appointed accountant who monitored council finances, claimed that this move was reckless and illegal, taking Camden Council to court. If found guilty, Livingstone would have been held personally responsible for the measure, forced to pay the massive 2930: 1034:. Of the Labour GLC members, around 16, including Livingstone, were staunch leftists. Representing Norwood in the GLC, Livingstone continued as a Lambeth councillor and Vice Chairman of the Lambeth Housing Committee, criticising Lambeth council's dealings with the borough's homeless. Learning that the council had pursued a discriminatory policy of allocating the best housing to white working-class families, Livingstone went public with the evidence, which was published in the 909:, gaining a place on the constituency's General Management and Executive Committees, and sitting on the Local Government Committee who prepared Labour's manifesto for the next borough election. Hoping for better qualifications, he attended night school, gaining O-levels in Human Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene, and an A-level in Zoology. Leaving his job at Chester Beatty, in September 1970 he began a 3-year course at the Philippa Fawcett Teacher Training College (PFTTC) in 2521: 1240: 2364:, a Labour politician who had a reciprocated dislike of Livingstone. Livingstone was permitted twelve principal advisers, many of whom were members of Socialist Action or people whom he had worked with on the GLC. Ross and Fletcher became two of his closest confidants, with Livingstone commenting that "They aren't just my closest political advisers... they're also mostly my best friends." In 2002, he promoted six of his senior aides, resulting in allegations of 2878:

British sources described the visit as a waste of tax-payer's money. In August 2007, it was announced that Livingstone had come to an agreement with oil-rich Venezuela; Chávez's government would supply £16 million a year worth of free oil to TfL, who would use it to subsidise half priced bus fares for 250,000 Londoners on benefits. In return, London would provide expertise in running transport, as well as other services such as CCTV and waste management.

2649: 1926: 2241: 1810:, Livingstone stated his belief that the islands rightfully belonged to the Argentinian people, but not the military junta then ruling the country. Upon British victory, he sarcastically remarked that "Britain had finally been able to beat the hell out of a country smaller, weaker and even worse governed than we were." Challenging the Conservative government's militarism, the GLC proclaimed 1983 to be "Peace Year", solidifying ties with the 3322:, wrote that Livingstone's political motivation was a "fundamental desire ... for a more participative, cooperative society", leading him to oppose "concentrations of power and... exploitation in all its forms – economic, racial and sexual." About his approach to fiscal policy, Livingstone has said: "I was a monetarist right from the beginning when I was leader of the GLC. We paid down debt every year. We had an absolutely firm rule." 40: 1088: 1534:"Arguing that politics had long been the near-exclusive preserve of white middle-aged men, the GLC began an attempt to open itself to representations from other groups, principally from women, the working-class, ethnic minorities and homosexuals but also from children and the elderly. This was a real break from traditional politics as practised centrally by both major parties... and it attracted hostility from all sides." 3059:, again challenging Johnson. His campaign attracted criticism when he joked that the election was "a simple choice between good and evil". It again caused controversy when Livingstone was accused of antisemitism by Jewish Labour supporters after suggesting that, being largely wealthy, London's Jewish community would not vote for him. He denied making the comments, but nevertheless apologised. He also responded, "every 1483:

Livingstone got on board with a campaign known as "Keep Fares Fair" in order to bring about a change in the law that would make the Fares Fair policy legal; an alternate movement, "Can't Pay, Won't Pay", accused Livingstone of being a sell-out and insisted that the GLC proceed with its policies regardless of their legality. One aspect of the London Transport reforms was however maintained; the new system of

2684:. Livingstone described al-Qaradawi as "one of the most authoritative Muslim scholars in the world today" and argued that his influence could help stop the radicalisation of young British Muslims. Jewish and LGBT organisations criticised Livingstone for this, citing al-Qaradawi's record of antisemitic and homophobic remarks, with the meeting leading to an argument between Livingstone and former supporter 1406:, a place which he felt an "affinity" for and where several of his friends lived. At the time, the Brent East Labour Party was characterised by competing factions, with Livingstone attempting to gain the support of both the hard and soft left. Securing a significant level of support from local party members, he nonetheless failed to apply for the candidacy in time, and so the incumbent centrist 1901:

GLC, London would be the only capital city in Western Europe without a directly elected body. The campaign was successful, with polls indicating majority support among Londoners for retaining the Council, and in March 1984, 20,000 public servants held a 24-hour strike in support. The government nevertheless remained committed to abolition, and in June 1984 the House of Commons passed the

1830:. The press continued to criticise the Livingstone administration's funding of volunteer groups that they perceived represented only "fringe interests". As Livingstone biographer Andrew Hosken remarked, "by far the most contentious grant" was given in February 1983 to a group called Babies Against the Bomb, founded by a group of mothers who had united to campaign against nuclear weapons. 2573:

London Plan, in which Livingstone's administration laid out their intentions to deal with the city's major housing shortage by ensuring the construction of 30,000 new homes a year. It stressed that 50% of these should be deemed "affordable housing" although later critics would highlight that in actuality, the amount of "affordable housing" in these new constructions did not exceed 30%.

2775:. There were many calls for Livingstone to apologise, including from Tony Blair, the London Assembly, a Holocaust survivors group and his deputy Gavron (the daughter of a Holocaust survivor), but Livingstone refused, citing what he said was a hate campaign of almost a quarter of a century against him by newspapers, particularly Associated Newspapers, publisher of the 1870:, a man Livingstone considered "repellent". Livingstone publicly attributed Labour's electoral failure to the leading role that the party's capitalist wing had played, arguing that the party should promote a socialist program of "national reconstruction", overseeing the nationalisation of banks and major industry and allowing for the investment in new development. 1704:" but was "the last colonial war". He was criticised for this meeting and his statements in the mainstream press, while Prime Minister Thatcher claimed that his comments constituted "the most disgraceful statement I have ever heard." Soon after, he also met with the children of Yvonne Dunlop, an Irish Protestant who had been killed in McElwee's bomb attack. 2859: 2287:, the latter two of which he could pressure into voting for his own preferred candidate, something that Dobson was deeply uncomfortable with. Information on the Blairite campaign against Livingstone became public, costing Dobson much support; nevertheless, due to the impact of the MPs and MEPs, Dobson won the candidacy with 51% to Livingstone's 48%. 2262:(GLA) had been included in Labour's 1997 election manifesto, and after their election a referendum was scheduled for May 1998, in which there was a 72% yes vote with a 34% turnout. With the first mayoral election scheduled for May 2000, in March 1998 Livingstone stated his intention to stand as a potential Labour candidate for the position. 2395:(PPP) program, believing it to be too expensive and tantamount to the privatisation of a state-owned service. He furthermore had strong concerns about safety; PPP would divide parts of the Underground among various companies, something that he argued threatened a holistic safety and maintenance program. These concerns were shared by the 1629:

allowing them to sleep in County Hall and catering for them. Costing £19,000, critics argued that Livingstone was illegally using public money for his own political causes. The GLC orchestrated a propaganda campaign against Thatcher's government, in January 1982 erecting a sign on the top of County Hall – clearly visible from the

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styles of any contemporary politician", Livingstone used this medium to speak to a wider audience, gaining widespread public support, something Carvel attributed to his "directness, self-deprecation, colourful language, complete unflappability under fire and lack of pomposity", coupled with popular policies like Fares Fair.

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obstructed much of what GLEB tried to achieve. Other policies implemented by the Labour Left also foundered. Attempts to prevent the sale-off of GLC council housing largely failed, in part due to the strong opposition from the Conservative government. ILEA attempted to carry through with its promise to cut the price of

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that most British politicians lacked. He was widely recognised for having improved the status of minority groups in London. He was also deemed a "formidable operator" at City Hall, with an "intimate knowledge" of London. He was also criticised during his career. During his Mayorship, he faced repeated accusations of

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scrutiny of Naz Shah's conduct was part of an apparent smear campaign by 'the Israel lobby' to stigmatise critics of Israel as antisemitic, as well as being aimed at undermining and disrupting the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn MP." The EHRC found that these comments constituted unlawful harassment under the

3244:(NEC) internal inquiry; Livingstone insisted he would be exonerated, saying "how can the truth be an offence?" In April 2017, Labour's National Constitutional Committee held that Livingstone had brought the party into disrepute, ordering his suspension be continued for another year. Labour's deputy leader 935:"It was intoxicating to be at what seemed at the time the centre of events. We were pushing ahead with our schemes. We had honoured our pledge that pensioners should travel free on London Transport buses. We introduced the provision of free contraception for anyone who lived or worked in the borough. When 3256:

Livingstone announced his resignation from Labour on 21 May 2018, saying the issues surrounding his suspension had become a distraction. His lawyers concluded that if he had been expelled, it would take at least two years to lodge an appeal. However, he maintained his support for a prospective Labour

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stated that it was "incomprehensible" that the NEC had not expelled Livingstone; Corbyn said he was disappointed Livingstone did not "acknowledge or apologise for the hurt he has caused" and said a new NEC investigation would consider the comments he made after his initial suspension. As the date for

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funding a children's group"; it subsequently emerged that Livingstone himself had received £8,000 from a Bermuda-based hedge fund called Meditor for a speaking engagement, leading to accusations of hypocrisy. Livingstone responded that, rather than "double standards", it was "different standards", he

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should "go back to Iran and see if they can do better under the ayatollahs". He said later that he did not know they were Jewish. He refused to apologise to the Reubens at the time, instead offering "a complete apology to the people of Iran for the suggestion that they may be linked in any way to the

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named Livingstone 'Politician of the Year' due to his implementation of the 'bold and imaginative' scheme. The scheme resulted in a marked reduction on traffic in central London, resulting in improved bus services, and by 2007, TfL could claim that the charge had reduced congestion by 20%. To further

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covering 8 square miles in central London, charging motorists £5 a day for driving through the area. It was introduced in an attempt to deter traffic and reduce congestion; Livingstone himself took the London Underground to work, and tried to inspire more Londoners to use public transport rather than

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was controversial among British socialists, many of whom disapproved of Healy's reputation for violence. In the newspaper in 1982, perceiving a neglect by Labour of the Israel-Palestine conflict, Livingstone wrote of "a distortion running right the way through British politics" because "a majority of

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and Lord Justice Watkins – reversed the previous decision, finding in favour of Bromley Borough on 10 November. They proclaimed that the Fares Fair policy was illegal because the GLC was expressly forbidden from choosing to run London Transport at a deficit, even if this was in the perceived interest

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and was amazed to discover that they managed to sink even lower than I expected... I would spend hours carefully explaining our policies only to open the paper the next morning and see instead a smear about my sex-life, alleged personality defects or some completely fabricated account of a meeting or

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as "a polarising and controversial figure", throughout his career, Livingstone has polarised public opinion. He was widely recognised as a risk-taker. Supporters described him as the "People's Ken" and an "anti-politician politician", opining that he had the common touch with working-class Londoners

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On the issue of nationality, Livingstone has expressed the view that he identifies as English rather than British, although his father was Scottish and he supports the continued existence of the United Kingdom. Although raised into a nominally Christian family, Livingstone renounced religious belief

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Within the Labour Party, Livingstone was aligned with the left wing. Historian Alwyn W. Turner commented that Livingstone's entire approach to politics revolved not simply around providing public services but in trying to change society itself; in his words, he wanted to get away from the concept of

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as a sign of Labour's prospects under Livingstone. Some called for Livingstone's removal, but Michael Foot's assistant Una Cooze defended Livingstone's position. Television and radio outlets invited Livingstone for interviews; described by biographer John Carvel as having "one of the best television

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became GLC chairman and Tony McBrearty was appointed chair of housing. Others stayed in their former positions, including Dave Wetzel as transport chair and Mike Ward as chair of industry; thus was created what biographer John Carvel described as "the second Livingstone administration", leading to a

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temple into a meeting room and removing many of the privileges enjoyed by GLC members and senior officers. He initiated an open-door policy allowing citizens to hold meetings in the committee rooms free of charge, with County Hall gaining the nickname of "the People's Palace". Livingstone took great

3345:, who advocate the destruction of the Labour Party as the way forward for socialism, seeing their beliefs as incompatible with his own. Livingstone has consistently opposed the actions of the Israeli government. In a 2005 interview, he said that he was not against the existence of Israel but rather 3232:

publicly confronted Livingstone and accused him of being a "liar" and a "Nazi apologist". In a subsequent interview, Livingstone expressed regret both for mentioning Hitler and for any Jews he offended but added that "I'm not going to apologise for telling the truth". He stated that it was "absurd"

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put London on the shortlist of potential locations for the games, alongside Paris, Madrid, Moscow, and New York City; although Paris was widely expected to be the eventual victor, London would prove successful in its nomination. Another major development project was launched in February 2004 as the

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The Greater London Labour Manifesto for the 1981 elections, although written under McIntosh's leadership, had been determined by a special conference of the London Labour Party in October 1980 in which Livingstone's speech had been decisive on transport policy. The manifesto focused on job creation

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There was a widespread public perception that Livingstone's GLC leadership was illegitimate, while the mainstream British media remained resolutely hostile. Livingstone received the levels of national press attention normally reserved for senior Members of Parliament. A press interview was arranged

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Realising the Conservative governance of Lambeth Borough council was hard to unseat, Livingstone aided Eddie Lopez in reaching out to members of the local populace disenfranchised from the traditional Labour leadership. Associating with the leftist Schools' Action Union (SAU) founded in the wake of

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campaign was racist, but ultimately agreed to suspend Jasper while a full investigation took place. An independent report into the affair by district auditor Michael Haworth-Maden in July 2009 found no evidence of "misappropriation of funds" but noted "significant" gaps in financial paperwork. The

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conference of major world cities to deal with environmentalist issues. One of the leading figures of the conference, he called for other cities to adopt congestion charging as an environmental measure. In August 2007, he issued a public apology on behalf of London for its role in the transatlantic

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During his second term, Livingstone continued his support for London's bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games, playing a crucial role in securing vital Russian support for the bid. On 6 July 2005, in a ceremony held in Singapore attended by Livingstone, London was announced as the victor, resulting in

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On 7 May, Livingstone called a caucus of his supporters; announcing his intent to challenge McIntosh's leadership, he invited those assembled to stand for other GLC posts. The meeting ended at 4:45pm having agreed on a full slate of candidates. At 5 o'clock, McIntosh held a GLC Labour meeting; the

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in 1964. With a friend from Chester Beatty, Livingstone toured West Africa in 1966, visiting Algeria, Niger, Nigeria, Lagos, Ghana and Togo. Interested in the region's wildlife, Livingstone rescued an infant ostrich from being eaten, donating it to the Lagos children's zoo. Returning home, he took

782:, who encouraged his pupils to debate current events, first interesting Livingstone in politics. He related that he became "an argumentative cocky little brat" at home, bringing up topics at the dinner table to enrage his father. His interest in politics was furthered by the 1958 Papal election of 3268:

published a report into Livingstone's comments regarding the Shah case, stating that he "denied that posts were antisemitic. He sought to minimise their offensive nature by stating that they were merely criticism of Israeli policy at a time of conflict with the Palestinians. He also alleged that

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Livingstone's success with the congestion charge and rejuvenation of Trafalgar Square led the Labour leadership to reconsider their position on him, with Blair re-admitting him to the party and asking that he stand as their mayoral candidate for the 2004 election. Livingstone accepted, and Labour

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focusing on press campaigning, advertising, and parliamentary lobbying. The campaign sent Livingstone on a party roadshow conference in which he convinced the Liberal and Social Democratic parties to oppose abolition. Using the slogan "say no to no say", they publicly highlighted that without the

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labeling him "the most odious man in Britain". In response, Livingstone proclaimed that the press coverage had been "ill-founded, utterly out of context and distorted", reiterating his opposition both to IRA attacks and British rule in Northern Ireland. Anti-Livingstone pressure mounted and on 15

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presents the most odious man in Britain. Take a bow, Mr Livingstone, socialist leader of the Greater London Council. In just a few months since he appeared on the national scene, he has quickly become a joke. But no one can laugh at him any more. The joke has turned sour, sick and obscene. For Mr

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Initially presenting a motion to the GLC Labour groups that they refuse to comply with the judicial decision and continue with the policy regardless, but was out-voted by 32–22; many commentators claimed that Livingstone had only been bluffing in order to save face among the Labour Left. Instead,

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that the blame lay solely with the "Labour government's policies" and the anti-democratic attitude of Callaghan and the Parliamentary Labour Party, calling for greater party democracy and a turn towards a socialist platform. This was a popular message among many Labour activists amassed under the

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Newly elected, mayor Boris Johnson paid tribute to Livingstone and his "very considerable achievements", hoping that the new administration could "discover a way in which the mayoralty can continue to benefit from your transparent love of London". Johnson's administration nevertheless reversed a

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Livingstone had no control over government policy regarding immigration, which had resulted in a significant growth in foreign arrivals coming to London during his administration; from 2000 to 2005 London's population grew by 200,000 to reach 7.5 million. He did not oppose this, encouraging

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protesters to hold a vigil on the steps of County Hall throughout the wedding celebrations, both actions that brought strong press criticism. His administration supported the People's March for Jobs, a demonstration of 500 anti-unemployment protesters who marched to London from Northern England,

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ticket continues as the basis of the ticketing system. The GLC then put together new measures in the hope of reducing London Transport fares by the more modest amount of 25%, taking them back to roughly the price that they were when Livingstone's administration took office; it was ruled legal in

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in 1975, it was widely considered to be a moderate and mainstream policy by Labour, which it was hoped would get more Londoners using public transport, thereby reducing congestion. In October 1981, the GLC implemented their policy, cutting London Transport fares by 32%; to fund the move, the GLC

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In his memoir, he describes how one was an old friend who was keen to have children but feared she was running out of time. "We had never been involved romantically but I knew her well enough to know she would be a wonderful mother and so I said I would like to be the father of her children." A

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Livingstone repeatedly attempted to keep his family life private, commenting that "I expect that my private life is not in the public domain and I'm rude to any journalist who turns up... at home". It is known that he has five children. Livingstone married Christine Pamela Chapman in 1973; the

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Historian Alwyn W. Turner noted that Livingstone was a "gifted communicator and self-publicist" who was able to stump his opponents using his "mischievous sense of humour". Biographer John Carvel echoed these comments, highlighting that Livingstone had a "talent for public speaking". Biographer

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system in Paris. As part of his campaign, Livingstone highlighted that, by 2008, the Metropolitan Police had 35,000 officers, 10,000 more than it had had in 2000, highlighting falling crime rates during his mayorship. Nevertheless, there had been a recent rise in gang killing, with 27 teenagers

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journalist Oliver Finegold introduced himself as working for the paper, Livingstone asked if he had been "a German war criminal". When Finegold said that he was Jewish, Livingstone said he was "just like a concentration camp guard, you are just doing it because you are paid to, aren't you?" and

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Livingstone's administration founded the Greater London Enterprise Board (GLEB) to create employment by investing in the industrial regeneration of London, with the funds provided by the council, its workers' pension fund and the financial markets. Livingstone later claimed that GLC bureaucrats

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In 1971, Livingstone and his comrades developed a new strategy for obtaining political power in Lambeth borough. Focusing on campaigning for the marginal seats in the south of the borough, the safe Labour seats in the north were left to established party members. Public dissatisfaction with the

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government had undermined pluralistic democracy. Livingstone proceeded to accept the presidency of the pro-Chávez Venezuelan Information Centre. In November 2006, Livingstone travelled to Latin America to visit Chávez, during which he and his entourage stayed in Cuba at a cost of £29,000; many

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to deal with Livingstone on the issue, who in February 2006 found him guilty of bringing his office into disrepute and suspended him from office for a month. Livingstone and others argued that an unelected board should not have the power to suspend an elected official. In October 2006 at the

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Livingstone proclaimed Dobson to be "a tainted candidate" and stated his intention to run for the mayoralty as an independent candidate. Aware that this would result in his expulsion from Labour, he publicly stated that "I have been forced to choose between the party I love and upholding the

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lambasted the GLC as "Labour-dominated, high-spending and at odds with the government's view of the world"; Livingstone commented that there was "a huge gulf between the cultural values of the GLC Labour group and everything that Mrs Thatcher considered right and proper." The government felt

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to head the Police Committee and monitor the force's activities. Considering the police a highly political organisation, he publicly remarked that "When you canvas police flats at election time, you find that they are either Conservatives who think of Thatcher as a bit of a pinko or they are

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volunteered to take a subordinate position as his deputy. In campaigning for the election, Livingstone highlighted his record: the congestion charge, free bus travel for under 11s, 1000 extra buses, and 5000 extra police officers, whereas his main competitor, the Conservative Steven Norris,

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using the headline of "Why We Must Stop These Red Wreckers". The media coverage was ineffective, and the GLC election of May 1981 led to Labour gaining power, with McIntosh installed as Head of the GLC; within 24 hours he was deposed by members of his own party, and replaced by Livingstone.

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to stand. Recognising that a 'one member, one vote' election within the London Labour Party would probably see Livingstone selected over Dobson, Blair ensured that a third of the votes would come from the rank-and-file members, a third from the trade unions, and a third from Labour MPs and

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Blair did not want Livingstone as London mayor, claiming that he was one of those who "almost knocked over the edge of the cliff into extinction" during the 1980s. He and the Labour spin doctors organised a campaign against Livingstone to ensure that he was not selected, with Campbell and

511:, his plans were challenged in court and declared unlawful; more successful were his schemes to benefit women and several minority groups, despite stiff opposition. The mainstream press gave him the moniker "Red Ken" in reference to his socialist beliefs and criticised him for supporting 2130:

As his political significance waned, Livingstone gained more work in the media, commenting that the press "started to use me only once they thought I was harmless". To receive these outside earnings, he founded a company known as Localaction Ltd. In 1987 he authored an autobiography for

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Livingstone faced further criticism following a television appearance in which he stated that the perpetrators of the 2005 London bombings carried out their actions as retribution for UK involvement in the Iraq War. In March 2016, Livingstone again courted controversy by comparing a

2462:. Known colloquially as "bendy buses", the articulated buses fitted up to 140 passengers, 60 more than the Routemasters, however they were deemed dangerous for cyclists. By early 2006, all London bus routes used low-floor buses, making the largest accessible bus fleet in the world. 2465:

Attempting to reduce London's environmental impact, Livingstone created the London Hydrogen Partnership and the London Energy Partnership in his first term as mayor of London. The mayor's energy strategy, "green light to clean power", committed London to reducing its emissions of

1220:. Focused on increasing leftist power in the London Labour Party, he urged socialists to stand as candidates in the upcoming GLC election. When the time came to choose who would lead London Labour in that election, Livingstone put his name down, but was challenged by the moderate 2323:, the latter of whom donated £200,000 to the campaign; half of what Livingstone required. In March 2000, Livingstone agreed to make a public apology to the House of Commons, after he was criticised over his failure to properly register outside interests worth more than £150,000. 5816: 3163:

interview in which he stated "When Hitler won his election in 1932 his policy then was that Jews should be moved to Israel. He was supporting Zionism before he went mad and ended up killing six million Jews". Livingstone had been invited to discuss the suspension of Labour MP

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cars. The policy was strongly opposed by businesses, resident groups, the roads lobby and the Labour government; many commentators recognised that, if opposition resulted in the policy being abandoned, it could lead to the end of Livingstone's political career. That year, the

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election took place in May 2008, and witnessed a turnout of approximately 45% of eligible voters, with Johnson receiving 43.2% and Livingstone 37% of first-preference votes; when second-preference votes were added, Johnson proved victorious with 53.2% to Livingstone's 46.8%.

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as "the only truly successful left-wing British politician of modern times", Livingstone was a controversial and polarising figure. Supporters praised his efforts to improve rights for women, LGBT people, and ethnic minorities in London, but critics emphasised allegations of

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unanimously ruled in favour of Bromley Borough Council, putting a permanent end to the Fares Fair policy. GLC transport chairman Dave Wetzel labelled the judges "Vandals in Ermine" while Livingstone maintained his belief that the judicial decision was politically motivated.

1905:

with 237 votes in favour and 217 against. Livingstone and three senior GLC members resigned their seats in August 1984, to force byelections on the issue of abolition, but the Conservatives declined to contest them and all four were comfortably re-elected on a low turnout.

2453:

buses, the design for which dated to the 1950s. Although iconic, they were deemed hazardous and responsible for a high number of deaths and serious injuries as passengers climbed onto them, also being non-wheelchair accessible and thus not meeting the requirements of the

3039:, claiming they were not necessary. He again criticised the cuts in September, claiming that they were "beyond Margaret Thatcher's wildest dreams" and threatened to cause widespread division and poverty across London. In May 2011, Livingstone said he was "appalled" that 2628:", for which he was widely criticised. That same month, he came under criticism from sectors of the left for urging RMT members to cross picket lines in a proposed Underground strike because the latest offer had been "extremely generous", leading RMT general secretary 1767:, killing 11 soldiers and 6 civilians; in the aftermath, Livingstone was pressured to cancel the meeting. Expressing his horror at the bombing, Livingstone insisted that the meeting proceed, for Adams had no connection with the INLA, but Conservative Home Secretary 3392:, expressed the view that "in person he is hard to dislike. There's a notable absence of pomposity in his manner, a propensity to laughter, and his love of an ideological scrap is allied to a calm, sometimes wry style of delivery: it looks fiercer on paper." In 1360:

took a particular interest in Livingstone, establishing a reporting team to 'dig up the dirt' on him; they were unable to uncover any scandalous information, focusing on his interest in amphibians, a hobby mocked by other media sources. The satirical journal

1251:; in May 1981 he won the seat by 2,397 votes. Cutler and the Conservatives learned of Livingstone's plans, proclaiming that a GLC Labour victory would lead to a Marxist takeover of London and then Britain; the Conservative press picked up the story, with the 1456:

council, who complained that his constituents were having to pay for cheaper fares on the London Underground when it did not operate in their borough. Although the Divisional Court initially found in favour of the GLC, Bromley Borough took the issue to the

3396:, the journalist Hugh Muir described Livingstone as a man who is "happiest in the limelight, discomforted by the periphery" and who also "hates to apologise ... especially when called upon ... by media or political opponents for whom he has no respect". 3386:

Andrew Hosken noted that many of those who had worked with Livingstone had commented on him being an excellent boss, who was "a good delegator, decisive and supportive" as well as being "a friendly and modest colleague". Jenny McCartney, a reporter from

2500:

Livingstone's relationship with Kate Allen ended in November 2001, although they remained friends. He then started a relationship with Emma Beal, together having two children, Thomas (born December 2002) and Mia (born March 2004). At a May 2002 party in

2925:

stated Livingstone had gone back on his promise to chair the developing London Waste and Recycling Board, and to provide £6 million of funding for the project, because "the government had failed to provide him with absolute control of the Board."

2291:

democratic rights of Londoners." The polls indicated clear support for Livingstone among the London electorate, with his campaign being run by his Socialist Action associates. He gained the support of a wide range of celebrities, from musicians like

954:

led to Labour's best local government results since the 1940s; Labour leftists gained every marginal seat in Lambeth, and the borough returned to Labour control. In October 1971, Livingstone's father died of a heart attack; his mother soon moved to

1913:. In his capacity as former leader of the GLC, Livingstone was invited to visit Australia, Israel, and Zimbabwe in the following months by leftist groups in those countries, before he and Allen undertook a 5-week Himalayan trek to the base camp of 1783:, allowing him to present his views to a mainstream British audience through televised interviews. In August, Livingstone was interviewed on Irish state radio, proclaiming that Britain's 800-year occupation of Ireland was more destructive than the 3437:'s UK Section; the couple separated in November 2001. He then entered a relationship with his office manager, Emma Beal; they have a son (Thomas) and a daughter together. Livingstone and Beal married on 26 September 2009 in the Mappin Pavilion of 2477:; he tried to evict seed sellers and introduced hawks to scare the pigeons off. He pedestrianised the north side of the square, transforming it into a public space with a cafe, public toilets, and a lift for the disabled. He introduced an annual 2640:'s 15%. When all the candidates except Livingstone and Norris were eliminated and the second preferences of those voters who had picked neither Livingstone nor Norris as their first choice were counted, Livingstone won with 55% to Norris's 45%. 1718:

that it was a misunderstanding to view the IRA as "criminals or lunatics" because of their political motives and that "violence will recur again and again as long as we are in Ireland." Mainstream press criticised him for these comments, with

6081: 1295:

issued a "warning" that leftists could use such tactics to take control of the government, when "the erosion of our democracy will surely begin." Thatcher joined the rallying call, proclaiming that leftists like Livingstone had "no time for

853:

in March 1968, when he was 23 years old, later describing it as "one of the few recorded instances of a rat climbing aboard a sinking ship". At the time, many leftists were leaving due to the Labour government's support for the U.S. in the

2823:, condemning him as a "chiselling little crook" whose embassy was refusing to pay the £1.5 million he believed it owed. In February 2007, Livingstone's administration doubled the congestion charge zone by extending it westwards into 1410:

was once more selected as Labour candidate for Brent East. A subsequent vote at the council meeting revealed that 52 local Labour members would have voted for Livingstone, with only 2 for Freeson and 3 abstentions. Nevertheless, in the

3376:

mode of subsistence is more natural to the human species, he believes that modern society has to adopt many hunter-gatherer values – namely cooperation and emphasis on human relationships rather than consumerism – in order to survive.

2843:, collapsed in July 2007, with the state having to intervene to protect the service. Livingstone had also welcomed the construction of skyscrapers in London, giving the go ahead for 15 to be constructed during his mayoralty, including 3273:, and that Labour was legally responsible for the harassment because, as a member of NEC, he was an agent of the party. The Commission also found that his disciplinary case had been subject to interference from the leaders' office. 3257:

government under Corbyn. According to LBC, Livingstone told the inquiry that, at times when he was overwhelmed by media interest, after Corbyn became leader, he asked members of Corbyn's staff how he should respond. In April 2019,

3000:

number of Livingstone's policies, for instance overturning the deal for Venezuelan oil. Intent on giving Venezuela the "advice that we promised", Livingstone announced in August 2008 that he would be advising urban planning in

1648:(WRP), who had financed it with funding from Libya and other countries in the middle east. Evidence is lacking to indicate Livingstone knew about the funding at the time. Livingstone's commercial relationship with WRP leader 1143:

for a greater say in party management. Livingstone joined the activists, on 15 July 1978 helping unify small left wing groups as the Socialist Campaign for a Labour Victory (SCLV). Producing a sporadically published paper,

3285:, although urged other socialists to remain within Labour and work towards "a Green-Labour coalition" government. After being evaluated by one of the Greens' regional councils, his application for membership was rejected. 2593:

as "the greatest threat to life on this planet", just before Bush's official visit to the UK. Livingstone also organised an alternative "Peace Reception" at City Hall "for everybody who is not George Bush", with anti-war

2812:

Reuben brothers". The GLA rejected the accusation of misconduct against Livingstone over the incident in June 2006, but he did make a general apology for causing offence to Jews in previous years in December that year.

2110:

becoming his most important adviser, teaching him about economics. Investing in an advanced £25,000 computer, he and Ross used the machine to undertake economic analysis, on the basis of which they began publishing the

6884:

One Londoner in ten found it impossible to climb onto a Routemaster. That didn't include people struggling with luggage or shopping or babies. I only understood the problem when I started taking Tom and Mia out in the

2123:, Livingstone came to be closely associated with it. They campaigned on the racist murder of Stephen Lawrence and the rise of the far right British National Party, but were disadvantaged by an ongoing rivalry with the 2046:

was selected, with Livingstone predicting that he would be "the most right-wing leader" in Labour history. Blair and his supporters sought to further expunge leftist elements and taking it to the centre, thus creating

1040:. In August 1973, he publicly threatened to resign from the Lambeth Housing Committee if the council failed "to honour longstanding promises" to rehouse 76 homeless families then staying in dilapidated and overcrowded 3448:

Livingstone had also fathered three children prior to 2000; a boy by one mother and two girls by another. The children were born to two women while Livingstone was involved with Kate Allen, according to an article by

3168:, after it became known Shah had shared a satirical map on Facebook suggesting that Israel should be relocated to the United States. Livingstone described Shah's postings, which were made before she became an MP in 2339:

Livingstone now had "the largest and most direct mandate of any politician in British history", receiving an annual salary of £87,000. It was the mayor's job to oversee a number of subordinate bodies, including the

1006:, believing they would simply be used to quash nationalist protests against British rule. Livingstone stood as the leftist candidate for the Chair of the Lambeth Housing Committee in April 1973, but was defeated by 3131:

was paid for a speaking engagement where he would have told the room of the need for the City to invest more in the economy, which he felt was distinct from taking a political donation from a hedge fund manager.

1584:

sentiment. A number of journalists fabricated stories designed to discredit Livingstone and the "loony left", for instance claiming that the GLC made its workers drink only Nicaraguan coffee in solidarity with

2921:, which would be the United Kingdom's first, calling it "misguided and a retrograde step in UK environmental policy", and that "we should be encouraging people to use less water, not more." In October 2007, 5480: 1215:

Inspired by the Bennites, Livingstone planned a GLC take-over; on 18 October 1979, he called a meeting of Labour leftists entitled "Taking over the GLC", beginning publication of monthly newsletter the

913:; his attendance was poor, and he considered it "a complete waste" of time. Beginning a romantic relationship with Christine Chapman, president of the PFTTC student's union, the couple married in 1973. 939:(then Education Secretary) made it illegal for Education Authorities to give children free school milk, Lambeth – which was not an education authority – stepped in to continue paying for the service." 2807:

celebrations in Trafalgar Square in December 2005. He was again described as antisemitic in March 2006 for asserting, after conflict over a major building project, that Indian-born Jewish businessmen

1224:; in the April 1980 vote, McIntosh beat Livingstone by 14 votes to 13. In September 1980, Livingstone separated from his wife Christine, though they remained amicable. Moving into a small flat at 195 722:, they married within three months. After the war the couple moved in with Ethel's aggressive mother, Zona Ann (Williams), whom Livingstone considered "tyrannical". Livingstone's sister Lin was born 2 3337:, throughout his political career he has worked alongside Marxist far-left groups and has become involved with the "politics of the street". He has not worked with those Marxist groups, such as the 8634: 2724:, whom they mistook for a bomber. Police initially misrepresented the killing, resulting in widespread condemnation, although Livingstone defended the actions of Metropolitan Police commissioner 9325: 3047:

had been killed by US Special forces "in his pyjamas" and "in front of his kid," and that the values of a western democracy would have been best demonstrated if bin Laden had been put on trial.

1700:. That day, Livingstone publicly proclaimed his support for those prisoners on hunger strike, claiming that the British government's fight against the IRA was not "some sort of campaign against 1326:"There is nothing that happens to you at any stage in your life that can prepare you for the British Press in full hue and cry. As a socialist I started out with the lowest possible opinion of 9781: 9029: 3458:

daughter was born in 1990, and another in 1992. Then another friend said she'd like to have children: "And we agreed to have a baby." Their son was born within weeks of his daughter in 1992.

9459: 2677: 2431:. They launched court cases against the government over PPP in 2001–02, but were ultimately unsuccessful, and the project went ahead, with the Underground being privatised in January 2003. 1262:

attendees called an immediate leadership election, in which Livingstone defeated him by 30 votes to 20. The entire left caucus slate was then elected. The next day, a leftist coup deposed

8724: 3368:), Livingstone instead took the view that human society is still coming to terms with the massive socioeconomic changes that it experienced upon the development of agriculture during the 3233:

to call him an antisemite because he had had two former Jewish girlfriends, and that he may have maternal Jewish ancestry. Livingstone said there was a "well-orchestrated campaign by the

3110:

expressed the view that Livingstone knew little about defence and that it would damage the party's reputation. Livingstone responded by claiming that Jones – who has spoken about his own

3102:. After Corbyn was elected Labour leader, Livingstone was one of his most prominent allies; in November 2015, Corbyn appointed Livingstone to co-convene Labour's defence review alongside 2556:

In 2002, Livingstone came out in support of a proposal for the 2012 Olympic Games to be held in London. He insisted however that the games must be held in the East End, and result in an

9746: 9675: 9251: 1833:

Members of London Labour groups chastised Livingstone for his controversial statements, believing them detrimental to the party, leading Labour members and supporters to defect to the

1505:

in the capital from 35p to 25p, but was forced to abandon its plans following legal advice that the councillors could be made to pay the surcharge and disqualified from public office.

3404:. In a 2005 interview he commented that in doing so he had rejected "mumbo-jumbo in favour of rational science." He is known for his enthusiasm for gardening and keeping and breeding 1755:, Sinn Féin President and IRA-supporter, after Adams was invited to London by Labour members of the Troops Out campaign in December 1982. The same day as the invitation was made, the 8667: 967:, temporarily halting the construction of Europe's largest tower blocks, and founded a Family Squatting Group to ensure that homeless families would be immediately rehoused through 794:

and reptiles, keeping several as pets; his mother worried that rather than focusing on school work all he cared about was "his pet lizard and friends". At school he attained four

3687: 1957:, except not all the exhibits are stuffed." There was much hostility between him and the Parliamentary Labour Party, who allocated him a windowless office with fellow leftist MP 5336: 2898:

on which to do it, and in his tearful speech asserted that it was the resistance of enslaved persons rather than the philanthropy of wealthy whites that led to the trade's end.

11253: 2387:

Much of Livingstone's first two years were devoted to setting up the mayoral system and administration. He also devoted much time to battling New Labour's plans to upgrade the

2969:, had used at least £2.5 million from the London Development Agency to fund black community groups associated with him. Livingstone stood by Jasper and claimed that the 1047:

Considered a radical by the GLC's Labour leadership, Livingstone was allocated the unimportant position of Vice Chairman of the Film Viewing Board, monitoring the release of

10733: 9907: 2954:

having been killed during 2007, which was used by Johnson's campaign who emphasised that a Johnson administration would be tougher on youth crime and anti-social behaviour.

3063:

I've seen in the 40 years I've been following politics shows the main factor that determines how people vote is their income level. And it's not anti-Semitic to say that."

1544:

Livingstone's administration advocated measures to improve the lives of minorities within London, who together made up a sizeable percentage of the city's population; what

9639: 2258:

By 1996, various prominent public figures were arguing for the implementation of directly elected mayors for large UK cities like London. The idea of a London mayor of a

2059:(promoting nationalised industry) from the Labour constitution, which he saw as a betrayal of the party's socialist roots. In 1996, he warned of the growing influence of 1866:

proved disastrous for Labour, as much of their support went to the Social Democrat-Liberal Alliance, and Thatcher entered her second term in office. Foot was replaced by

2075:, resulting in the formation of the first Labour government since 1979. In December 1997, Livingstone joined a Labour revolt against Blair's attempts to cut benefits to 1613: 1402:"more calm and supportive environment". Turning his attention once more to Parliament, Livingstone sought to be selected as the Labour candidate for the constituency of 2613:

campaigned primarily on a policy of abolishing the congestion charge. Livingstone continued to court controversy throughout the campaign; in June 2004 he was quoted on

2509:. Hedges subsequently fell from a wall, bruised his ribs and went to hospital; the press claimed that Livingstone had pushed him, although he insisted that he did not. 1747:

Livingstone's willingness to meet publicly with Irish republican leader Gerry Adams (above, pictured in 2001), caused outrage within his own party and the British press

1432:

schemes and cutting London Transport fares, and it was to these issues that Livingstone's administration turned. One primary manifesto focus had been a pledge known as

9590: 821: 798:

in English Literature, English Language, Geography and Art, subjects he later described as "the easy ones". He started work rather than stay on for the non-compulsory

8754: 2839:. Meanwhile, Livingstone felt vindicated in his former opposition to public private partnership when one of the companies who now controlled part of the Underground, 1548:

called "the Rainbow Coalition". The GLC allocated a small percentage of its expenditure on funding minority community groups, including the London Gay Teenage Group,

11203: 9431: 3249:

the end of his suspension approached, in March 2018 the National Executive Committee extended Livingstone's suspension indefinitely, with outgoing general secretary

9184: 2716:

backlash against the city's Muslim minority, he initiated an advertising campaign to counter this, holding a rally for inter-community unity in Trafalgar Square. A

10389: 2489:, later attributing London's 35% decrease in racist attacks to this and other anti-racist policies. Continuing his support for LGBT rights, in 2001 he set up the 1822:

from marching past County Hall that year. The GLC then proclaimed 1984 to be "Anti-Racism Year". In July 1985, the GLC twinned London with the Nicaraguan city of

978:

Livingstone and the leftists became embroiled in factional in-fighting within Labour, vying with centrist members for powerful positions. Although never adopting

11238: 5477: 2708:, killing 52 civilians. Livingstone gave a speech from Singapore denouncing the attackers as terrorists, before immediately returning to London. Informing the 2400: 2396: 1060: 492: 598:, he expanded his transport policies, introduced new environmental regulations, and enacted civil rights reforms. Overseeing London's winning bid to host the 11293: 11148: 9565: 9351: 8984: 3559: 3352:

Livingstone has consistently rejected being defined under any particular ideological current of socialism. Recognising this, the former Labour Party leader

1277:

McIntosh proclaimed the GLC coup illegitimate, asserting that Labour was in danger from a leftist take-over. The mainstream press criticised the coup; the

11183: 11143: 1205: 122: 10511: 9212: 8582: 11228: 2055:

asserting that figures like Livingstone represented "the enemy" of reform. Throughout 1995, Livingstone unsuccessfully fought Blair's attempts to remove

963:, his first job in local government. Reforming the housing system, Livingstone and Committee Chairman Ewan Carr cancelled the proposed rent increase for 925:

to join Labour. His involvement in the SAU led to his dismissal from the PFTCC student's union, who disagreed with politicising secondary school pupils.

8560: 7031: 8638: 975:

for private-rented properties, converting them to council housing. They faced opposition to their reforms, which were cancelled by central government.

10101: 2458:. Despite criticism from the public, the last Routemaster was decommissioned in December 2005, replaced by a new fleet of low-floor, double decker or 10666: 10203: 9772: 9516: 8889: 9299: 9274: 6999: 6971:

But there were a few dissenters who turned out Friday, including disability rights protesters who held placards saying: "Routemaster good riddance."

3213:

said that whilst "Livingstone maybe wasn't precise enough, and lacked nuance", his comments reflected Hitler's initial ambivalence towards Zionism.

1247:

Livingstone turned his attention to achieving a GLC Labour victory, exchanging his safe seat in Hackney North for the marginal Inner London seat of

11243: 11208: 9804: 9037: 3241: 2189:, a controversial move among British socialists. In his column, he often discussed his love of amphibians and campaigned for the protection of the 1996: 1196:. The head of the "Bennite left", Benn became "an inspiration and a prophet" to Livingstone; the two became the best known left-wingers in Labour. 3480:, commented that under Livingstone's leadership, a culture of bullying pervaded at City Hall, although this was denied by many other staff there. 3114:– needed "psychiatric help". Jones took offence, and while Livingstone initially refused to apologise, he subsequently did so at Corbyn's urging. 2712:

that Western foreign policy was largely to blame for the attacks, his response to the situation was widely praised, even by opponents. Fearing an

2331:

came second and Dobson third. Livingstone started his acceptance speech with "As I was saying before I was so rudely interrupted 14 years ago..."

1984:. Despite the convention of maiden speeches being non-controversial, Livingstone alleged that Holroyd had been mistreated when he tried to expose 10293: 9981: 8732: 1415:, Freeson went on to win the Brent East constituency for Labour. In 1983, Livingstone began co-presenting a late night television chat show with 11223: 8407: 8088: 1724:

October he was attacked in the street by members of unionist militia, The Friends of Ulster. In a second incident, Livingstone was attacked by

9666: 9242: 9111: 3316:"old white men coming along to general management committees and talking about rubbish collection." Biographer John Carvel, a journalist from 2003:. As Kinnock tried to pull Labour to the centre, Livingstone worked to strengthen its socialist elements. He refused to pay the controversial 9951: 8148: 253: 9697: 9060: 7825: 1995:

paramilitaries in the 1970s. Thatcher denounced his claims as "utterly contemptible". In September 1987 Livingstone was elected to Labour's

11288: 8662: 2493:, Britain's first register for same-sex couples; while falling short of legal marriage rights, the register was seen as a step towards the 11298: 9855: 2688:. Livingstone continued to champion the Palestinian cause in the Israel-Palestine conflict, in March 2005 accusing Israeli prime minister 11193: 11163: 8863: 8443: 2902: 2092:"I want power. I want to change Britain and I'm not ashamed to say it. Anyone who wants to achieve change would grab at the leadership." 1221: 9404: 2427:— the duo argued that the upgrade should be carried out in state hands through a public bond issue, as had been done in the case of the 1317:

pleasure watching the disgust expressed by some Conservative GLC members when non-members began using the building's restaurant. In the

11064: 5327: 3099: 891:"My arrival had been rather like taking a bottle of gin into a room full of alcoholics. I was immediately passed round and consumed." 544: 9933: 8701: 3420:

film franchise, stating that the actions of the criminal organisations within the movies are very much akin to the world of politics.

1568:

The Conservatives and mainstream press were largely critical of these measures, considering them symptomatic of what they termed the "

10626: 2840: 2816: 2636:, Livingstone was announced as the winner on 10 June 2004. He won 36% of first preference votes to Norris's 28% and Liberal Democrat 1776: 1376: 886:– were ineffective, joining Labour because he considered it the best chance for implementing progressive political change in the UK. 8939: 1779:, receiving a hero's welcome from local republicans. In July 1983, Adams finally came to London by invitation of Livingstone and MP 1152:

as "anti-working class". In January 1979, Britain was hit by a series of public sector worker strikes that came to be known as the "

878:. The party was suffering mass electoral defeat at the local elections. In London, Labour lost 15 boroughs, including Livingstone's 11138: 10724: 10330: 3342: 1471: 824:

to fight redundancies imposed by company bosses. Livingstone's leftist views solidified upon the election of Labour Prime Minister

787: 642: 2815:

In March 2006, Livingstone criticised foreign embassies who refused to pay the congestion charge under the conditions of the 1961

11213: 11153: 10784: 5284: 2824: 2449:

Although he had initially stated that he would not do so, Livingstone's administration sought to phase out use of the high-floor

2267: 1466: 8170: 2327:

took place on 4 May 2000, at which Livingstone came first with 58% of first and second-preference votes; Conservative candidate

1909:

The GLC was formally abolished at midnight on 31 March 1986, with Livingstone marking the occasion by holding a free concert at

1183:

advocate, she became a bitter opponent of the labour movement and Livingstone. Following the electoral defeat, Livingstone told

1132:

for male same-sex activity from 21 to 16, in line with the different-sex age of consent. Becoming active in the politics of the

11283: 10887: 8816: 1889:

confident that there was sufficient opposition to Livingstone's administration that they could abolish the GLC: according to a

1740:

plotted to kill Livingstone, only abandoning the plan when he became convinced that the security services were monitoring him.

1111: 732:

years later. Robert and Ethel went through various jobs in the post-war years, with the former working on fishing trawlers and

1075:", it ensured he was one of the few leftist Labour councillors to remain on the GLC, which fell into Conservative hands under 11168: 10979: 10773: 10754: 10636: 10569: 9882: 9530: 6869: 3430: 2890: 2420: 1949:

to become Brent East's MP, while Thatcher retained the Premiership for a third term. Livingstone found the atmosphere of the

1733: 184: 10434: 3695: 3019:

and the UK to recall their ambassadors to Israel. From September 2009 to March 2011, he presented the book review programme

10993: 10989: 7089: 3265: 3169: 3159:

Livingstone was suspended from Labour in April 2016 after being accused of "bringing the party into disrepute" following a

2368:

from Assembly members. The mayoral office was initially based in temporary headquarters at Romney House in Marsham Street,

2072: 2019: 1942: 1863: 1827: 1586: 1412: 1168: 1056: 902: 560: 504: 496: 488: 457: 453: 8608: 10000: 7200: 3181: 3140: 1838: 1458: 1068: 991: 512: 10863: 6952: 6807: 10699: 10615: 10550: 7685: 3234: 2455: 1233: 1157: 9085: 1026:(GLC). In the 1973 GLC elections, he won the seat with 11,622 votes, a clear lead over his Conservative rival. Led by 11198: 10872: 10655: 6026: 5458: 2772: 2083:

for advocating "an awful lot of Thatcherite nonsense" and attempting to privatise the London Underground through the

1882: 1819: 1689: 1549: 441: 151: 101: 6578: 1787:; he was publicly criticised by Labour members and the press. He also controversially expressed solidarity with the 10963: 7886: 3282: 2569: 2035: 1958: 1811: 1645: 1267: 882:, which came under Conservative control. Contrastingly, Livingstone believed that grassroots campaigning – such as 871: 627: 10140: 683:, on 17 June 1945. His family was working class; his mother, Ethel Ada (née Kennard, 1915–1997), had been born in 11015: 3288:

In September 2023, Livingstone's family announced that he had retired from public life, following a diagnosis of

2914: 1562: 1248: 1051:. Like most board members, Livingstone opposed censorship, a view he changed with the increasing availability of 1018:

In June 1972, after a campaign orchestrated by Eddie Lopez, Livingstone was selected as the Labour candidate for

536: 500: 3349:'s government; he recalled that on his 1986 visit to the country he got on well with its left-wing politicians. 1139:

In 1979, internal crisis rocked Labour as activist group, the Campaign for Labour Democracy, struggled with the

1044:. Frustrated at the council's failure to achieve this, he resigned from the Housing Committee in December 1973. 11278: 11273: 11057: 10842: 10515: 9550: 7501: 3245: 3229: 3172:, as "rude and over-the-top" but not antisemitic, adding that he had never encountered antisemitism in Labour. 2788: 2392: 2084: 1954: 1764: 1756: 1667:

Livingstone steps forward as the defender and the apologist of the criminal, murderous activities of the IRA."

1120: 960: 704: 85: 10710: 10397: 8517: 3364:; rejecting the idea that the human species is naturally progressing (a view advocated by socialists like the 3008:

city", and hoped to help with his "very extensive network of contacts both domestically and internationally".

11268: 11263: 11258: 7035: 3500: 3194: 2673: 2537: 1289:

nicknamed him "Red Ken", stating his victory meant "full-steam-ahead red-blooded Socialism for London." The

1059:

approaching, Livingstone recognised the difficulty of retaining his Norwood seat, instead being selected for

987: 906: 863: 9243:"Ken Livingstone says Labour should reinstate him because everything he said about Jewish people "was true"" 11233: 11173: 10948: 10944: 9213:"Ken Livingstone has deservedly gone – but Naz Shah made a genuine apology we should be prepared to accept" 8586: 3338: 3258: 3091: 3056: 2942: 2717: 2633: 2324: 2235: 1977: 1961:. He took on Maureen Charleson as his personal secretary, who would remain with him for the next 20 years. 1834: 1772: 1484: 1312:

Entering County Hall as GLC leader on 8 May 1981, Livingstone initiated changes, converting the building's

1030:, the GLC was dominated by Labour, who had 57 seats, compared to 33 held by the Conservatives and 2 by the 1019: 615: 611: 595: 567: 531:, which in 1986 abolished the GLC. Elected as MP for Brent East in 1987, he became closely associated with 484: 445: 10674: 10207: 9667:"Ken Livingstone escapes expulsion from the Labour party over claims Zionists collaborated with the Nazis" 2803:

Livingstone denied he was antisemitic, holding regular meetings with Jewish groups and introducing public

2165:, in which he expressed his views on a variety of issues, while that same year he was employed to promote 2042:

taking the positions. After Smith died in May 1994, Livingstone endorsed Beckett to succeed him. However,

11188: 11178: 3036: 2784: 2736: 2705: 2514: 2490: 2459: 2439: 1818:, a measure opposed by the Thatcher government. In keeping with this pacifistic outlook, they banned the 607: 2851:. He considered this necessary to fill the demand for office space, but was criticised, most notably by 1386:, in November 1983 the journal apologised, paying him £15,000 in damages in an out-of-court settlement. 1175:. Weakened by the Winter of Discontent, Callaghan's government lost to the Conservatives, whose leader, 990:, Graham Bash and Keith Veness, members of the Socialist Charter, a Trotskyist cell affiliated with the 778:. Rather shy at school, he was bullied, and got into trouble for truancy. One year, his form master was 8476: 8068: 3206: 2697: 2494: 2424: 2012: 1737: 1140: 875: 10868: 10799: 5180: 4524: 3655: 3078: 2356:, and in doing so he was granted a number of executive powers. He would be scrutinised by the elected 2119:

and Simon Fletcher, also became trusted advisers. When Socialist Action founded a campaign group, the

1192:, who narrowly missed being elected deputy leader of Labour in September 1981, under new party leader 1171:. Standing as Labour candidate for Hampstead, Livingstone was defeated by the incumbent Conservative, 905:, he involved himself in their operations, within a month becoming chair and secretary of the Norwood 11218: 11158: 11050: 8935: 8859: 8096: 7108: 3901: 2349: 2209: 2194: 2150: 1902: 1453: 1420: 879: 830: 433: 272: 175: 10848: 8415: 8085: 3360:. Livingstone's understanding of politics arises from his studies of non-human animal behaviour and 2552:

A car rental company's "Red Ken's Tax Paid" car sticker: a negative comment on the congestion charge

2531:

As proposed in their election manifesto, in February 2003 Livingstone's administration introduced a

2026:

led the Conservatives to a narrow victory, resulting in Kinnock's resignation as Labour leader. The

1873:

Considering it a waste of rate payer's money, Thatcher's government was keen to abolish the GLC and

1110:; in June 1977 he was selected by local party members as the Labour parliamentary candidate for the 11248: 11118: 8152: 2852: 2827:, despite opposition from resident groups. In October 2007, the government agreed to go ahead with 2545:

system was introduced, while bus and Underground journeys were made free for people aged 11 to 18.

2532: 2524: 2259: 2248: 2067:

after a High Court judge criticised Campbell in a libel trial. Nevertheless, Blair led Labour to a

2027: 1697: 1657:

folded in 1985, after Healy was accused of being a sex offender and he was expelled from the WRP.

1452:

The legality of the Fares Fair policy was challenged by Dennis Barkway, Conservative leader of the

1285: 1164:, and been disqualified for public office for five years; ultimately the judge threw out the case. 1133: 575: 8156: 7548: 507:. That year, Labour representatives on the GLC elected him as the council's leader. Attempting to 9352:"Livingstone's Hitler comments: Was ex-London mayor historically accurate, anti-Semitic or both?" 7833: 3477: 3307: 3225: 2721: 2320: 1969: 1796: 1641: 1297: 999: 867: 859: 741: 524: 9908:"Ken Livingstone joins group that believes Labour antisemitism allegations are a smear campaign" 7854: 6926: 6794:

We should also retain the existing Routemaster fleet until a modern Routemaster can be designed.

2873:

to London, hosting an event for him at City Hall. Conservatives objected and said that Chávez's

2755:

asserted that he (Finegold) worked for the "reactionary bigots... who supported fascism" at the

1653:

Jews in this country supported the Labour Party and elected a number of Jewish Labour MPs". The

1232:

with his pet reptiles and amphibians, he divorced in October 1982 and began a relationship with

11128: 11027: 10918: 8284: 6417: 3289: 3028: 3012: 2808: 2797: 2624:

are swinging from lamp-posts and they've got a proper government that represents the people of

2510: 2478: 2170: 1728:

shouting "commie bastard" at the Three Horseshoes Pub in Hampstead. Known as "Green Ken" among

1624:

critical of the monarchy – wished the couple well but turned down the offer. He also permitted

1617: 1023: 922: 833:, becoming increasingly interested in politics and briefly subscribing to the publication of a 817: 429: 323: 235: 76: 6897: 10883: 9377: 8480: 8221: 7444: 6194: 3516: 3434: 3410: 3216:

Over 20 Labour MPs called for Livingstone's suspension and newly elected Labour London mayor

3027:, for which he came under criticism from Iranian exile groups. In July 2010, he spoke at the 2793: 2300: 2103: 1953:

uncomfortable, labeling it "absolutely tribal", and asserting that "It's like working in the

834: 745: 571: 10858: 9460:"Ken Livingstone Branded A 'Nazi Apologist' In Angry Confrontation With Labour MP John Mann" 4632: 2889:

festival in October 2006. In May 2007, Livingstone travelled to New York City to attend the

2007:

until it was revoked, and was one of the 55 Labour MPs to oppose British involvement in the

1094:, leader (1975–90) of the Conservative Party, prime minister (1979–90) of the United Kingdom 959:. That year, Labour members voted Livingstone vice-chairman of the Housing Committee on the 483:, to a working-class family, Livingstone joined Labour in 1968 and was elected to represent 11133: 11123: 8535: 5204: 4488: 4324: 2874: 2863: 2720:

took place on 21 July, and in the aftermath police officers shot dead a Brazilian tourist,

2704:

widespread celebration. The following day, British-born Islamist suicide bombers undertook

2668:, Livingstone sought to improve ties with London's Muslim community, agreeing to meet with 2428: 2377: 2345: 2244: 2120: 1950: 1893:

poll in April 1983, 58% of Londoners were dissatisfied and 26% satisfied with Livingstone.

1788: 1760: 1725: 1712: 1630: 1161: 1153: 1099: 599: 45: 9502: 7374: 4424: 4224: 4002: 4000: 2858: 2481:

festival to celebrate the contributions of the Irish to London, and revived London's free

8: 9747:"Jeremy Corbyn Condemns Ken Livingstone And Orders New Investigation Into Hitler Remarks" 9535: 9189: 7727: 6777: 6214: 3515:

wrote the song "Ken" for the episode, which was then released as a B-side to her single "

3111: 2653: 2486: 2353: 2341: 2107: 1910: 1896:

Attempting to fight the proposals, the GLC devoted £11 million to a campaign led by

1815: 1681: 1644:

and Matthew Warburton as co-editors. It was published by a press owned by the Trotskyist

1598: 1553: 1509: 1416: 1052: 10893: 10876: 10813: 10018: 8755:"Former London mayor forced to apologize over controversial remarks to Jewish activists" 8171:"London Councils expresses regret at Mayor's decision to dump waste and recycling board" 8049: 7911: 7795: 7761: 7244: 4548: 4456: 1711:, killing 2 and injuring 40. Denouncing the attack, Livingstone informed members of the 1572:". Claiming that these only served "fringe" interests, their criticisms often exhibited 820:. Most of the technicians were socialists, and Livingstone helped found a branch of the 740:

catalogue dispatch and as a cinema usherette. Livingstone's parents were "working class

10743: 9432:"The American Jewish scholar behind Labour's 'antisemitism' scandal breaks his silence" 9427: 7034:. Mayor of London, the London Assembly and the Greater London Authority. Archived from 4392: 3997: 3210: 3145: 2895: 2621: 2557: 2505:, Livingstone got into an argument with Beal's friend Robin Hedges, a reporter for the 2388: 2199: 2190: 2116: 1937:

in the selection process to represent Labour for the north-west London constituency of

1437: 1398: 1263: 1036: 1031: 699:. Ken's Scottish father, Robert "Bob" Moffat Livingstone (1915–1971), had been born in 587: 4596: 3789: 2746:

While leaving a City Hall LGBT reception in February 2005, Livingstone objected to an

1440:

fares and freezing them at that lower rate. Based on a fare freeze implemented by the

986:

groups active within Labour; viewing them as potential allies, he became friends with

748:

views on race and sexuality, opposing racism and homophobia. The family was nominally

428:(born 17 June 1945) is an English retired politician who served as the Leader of the 231: 11023: 10837: 10769: 10750: 10695: 10651: 10632: 10611: 10565: 10546: 9591:"'How can truth be offensive?' Asks unrepentant Ken Livingstone in anti-Semitism row" 8612: 8346: 8178: 7598: 7470: 6875: 6865: 6817: 6086: 6032: 6022: 5403: 4256: 3270: 3198: 3186: 2906: 2882: 2831:, a £16 billion project to construct a train line under central London, linking 2681: 2141: 2068: 2064: 1715: 1517: 1513: 1176: 1172: 1091: 998:. In his struggle against Labour centrists, Livingstone was influenced by Trotskyist 850: 771: 659: 528: 461: 329: 143: 6564: 4132: 2676:

alongside moderate organisations. In July 2004, he attended a conference discussing

2011:

in January 1991. Conversely, he supported NATO intervention in the Balkans, and the

1799:, in return receiving an annual Christmas gift of Cuban rum from the Cuban embassy. 944:

Ken Livingstone on the Labour-run Lambeth Borough Council in the early 1970s (1987).

675:

Kenneth Robert Livingstone was born in his grandmother's house at 21 Shrubbery Road

10594: 8521: 6957: 3710: 3450: 3330: 3240:

Corbyn announced that the decision whether to expel Livingstone would be made by a

3160: 2740: 2578: 2517:, who ruled that there was no evidence for any wrongdoing on Livingstone's behalf. 2474: 2124: 2039: 1981: 1807: 1729: 1708: 1625: 1590: 1372: 1357: 1348: 1048: 1003: 956: 883: 708: 556: 10579:

Crines, Andrew S. (2013). "Why did Boris Johnson win the 2012 mayoral election?".

9829: 9719: 9640:"Ken Livingstone suspended from Labour for one year for Hitler and Zionism claims" 9612: 9484: 9165: 9139: 9006: 8957: 8907: 8841: 6756: 6754: 6019:

Choosing the Labour leader: Labour Party leadership elections from Wilson to Brown

3961: 11073: 10939: 9517:"Ken Livingstone said he can't be anti-Semitic 'because he's dated Jewish women'" 8501: 8174: 8092: 7829: 5484: 4356: 4164: 4060: 3925: 3865: 3508: 3504: 3495: 3373: 3202: 3151: 3044: 2962: 2922: 2450: 2443: 2361: 2357: 2154: 2087:

scheme. In 1997 he was re-elected to the NEC, beating Mandelson to the position.

2052: 1992: 1946: 1768: 1441: 1291: 1225: 1149: 964: 838: 809: 783: 779: 766:

estate, Livingstone attended St. Leonard's Primary School, and after failing his

733: 688: 638:

resulted in his 2016 suspension from Labour. He resigned from the party in 2018.

583: 437: 58: 9326:"Labour MPs call for Ken Livingstone to be suspended over anti-Semitism remarks" 8268: 7393: 3821: 2434: 2384:

in July 2002, with Livingstone commenting that it resembled a "glass testicle".

1300:", but were plotting "To impose upon this nation a tyranny which the peoples of 862:

budget, and restrictions on trade unions; some joined far-left parties like the

7772: 7738: 7263: 7161: 6751: 3485: 3365: 3016: 2910: 2844: 2731: 2685: 2590: 2568:, who convinced the government to back the plans in May 2003. In May 2004, the 2467: 2416: 2182: 2076: 1743: 1693: 1390: 1368: 1148:, as a mouthpiece for Livingstone's views, it criticised Labour Prime Minister 1129: 1103: 1007: 972: 806: 520: 147: 7207: 5375: 2870: 1806:

of 1982, during which the United Kingdom battled Argentina for control of the

11112: 11090: 10955: 10910: 9436: 9030:"Sir Trevor Chinn becomes latest Labour donor to fund the Dan Jarvis machine" 8985:"Blair guilty of 'criminal irresponsibility' over Iraq war, says Livingstone" 8099: 6879: 6821: 6036: 4696: 4564: 3490: 3416: 3388: 3176: 3095: 3032: 2946: 2934: 2820: 2661: 2328: 2178: 2166: 2132: 2000: 1965: 1914: 1885: 1803: 1780: 1621: 1375:, proceeding to erroneously claim that Livingstone received funding from the 1253: 1076: 1041: 825: 763: 623: 619: 547:, but failed to get enough nominations. Livingstone became a vocal critic of 163: 115: 8377: 8026: 7704: 7661: 7524: 7315: 7177: 7121: 6976: 6835: 6596: 6505: 4811: 3613: 3429:

marriage ended in divorce in 1982. Around that time he became involved with

3197:. Livingstone's statements were criticised as inaccurate by historians like 3175:

Livingstone defended his statement about Hitler and Zionism by reference to

3066:

Johnson's campaign emphasised the accusation that Livingstone was guilty of

2589:

campaign. In November 2003, he made headlines for referring to US President

2403:(ASLEF) trade union, who went on strike over the issue, being joined on the 11000: 10852: 10804: 10789: 10605: 10102:"Ken Livingstone: I was a weedy kid but, like Boris, I survived on my wits" 9405:"Livingstone says Netanyahu agrees with him in 'Hitler backed Zionism' row" 8958:"Ken Livingstone makes 'unreserved' apology for 'psychiatric help' comment" 7946: 7113: 6489: 6342: 5764: 5724: 5490: 5463: 5302: 5015: 3560:"Former mayor of London Ken Livingstone diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease" 3442: 3361: 3353: 3346: 3318: 3250: 3190: 3127: 2929: 2767: 2713: 2693: 2689: 2637: 2625: 2615: 2609: 2586: 2565: 2502: 2381: 2304: 2279: 2174: 2080: 2060: 2031: 1973: 1867: 1792: 1594: 1557: 1521: 1502: 1462: 1394: 1389:

During 1982, Livingstone made new appointments to the GLC governance, with

1343: 1327: 1301: 1193: 1107: 1072: 951: 936: 775: 696: 680: 651: 631: 540: 480: 224: 89: 81: 9926: 9698:"Tom Watson: Failure to expel Ken Livingstone from Labour 'shames us all'" 6859: 4927: 4871: 4843: 4717: 4715: 2950: 2620:

s website as saying: "I just long for the day I wake up and find that the

1685: 774:. In 1957, his family purchased their own property at 66 Wolfington Road, 752:, although Livingstone abandoned Christianity when he was 11, becoming an 594:, Livingstone was invited to stand for re-election as Labour's candidate. 10972: 10745:

Just Boris: Boris Johnson: The Irresistible Rise of a Political Celebrity

10365: 9275:"Ken Livingstone muddies history to support claims on Hitler and Zionism" 8205: 7609: 3221: 3107: 3103: 3067: 3005: 2886: 2595: 2542: 2520: 2482: 2404: 2369: 2308: 2292: 2218: 2214: 2158: 2146: 2056: 1934: 1752: 1649: 1446: 1407: 1363: 1313: 1271: 1239: 1180: 1125: 1115: 1027: 855: 579: 532: 516: 212: 9883:"Ken Livingstone: Nobody In Labour Told Me To Stop Talking About Hitler" 9830:"Labour suspends Ken Livingstone indefinitely over anti-Semitism claims" 9185:"Zionism and Hitler? A guide to the wild scandal rocking Britain's left" 8890:"Former mayoral rivals for Labour ticket join forces to back Sadiq Khan" 7974: 7930: 7066: 7050: 4292: 3476:

for favouring his chosen aides over other staff. One of his supporters,

3185:, and many commentators suggested that Livingstone was referring to the 2771:, resulting in accusations of antisemitism against Livingstone from the 1684:, Livingstone had connections with the left-wing Irish republican party 11096: 10984: 10832: 10785:"Ken Livingstone beats Oona King to Labour nomination for London mayor" 10673:(Interview). Interviewed by Leslie Bunder. Jewish.co.uk. Archived from 8561:"Ken Livingstone under fire for earning thousands from Iranian TV role" 7093: 6358: 6326: 6094: 6043: 5982: 5938: 5152: 5136: 4771: 4712: 4376: 3577: 3438: 3217: 3123: 3119: 3087: 3060: 2966: 2757: 2648: 2561: 2296: 2102:

Livingstone continued his association with members of Trotskyist group

2048: 2043: 2023: 1938: 1925: 1577: 1569: 1488: 1433: 1403: 1279: 1229: 1013: 983: 799: 791: 760: 719: 715: 692: 552: 548: 508: 449: 189: 9805:"Labour warned by JLM over allowing lifting of Livingstone suspension" 8864:"Ken Livingstone: 'Boris is a lazy tosser who just wants to be there'" 4616: 4080: 3742: 3228:

group, called for Livingstone to leave politics altogether. Labour MP

1945:. When the election came, he narrowly defeated Conservative candidate 8912: 6812: 4276: 4184: 3981: 3945: 3512: 3369: 3326: 2848: 2832: 2828: 2725: 2601: 2408: 2373: 2312: 2275: 2271: 2252: 2240: 1988: 1784: 1775:. In February 1983, Livingstone visited Adams in his constituency of 1701: 1475: 1470:

of Londoners. The GLC appealed this decision, taking the case to the

1189: 1064: 968: 910: 684: 676: 655: 469: 465: 9566:"Ken Livingstone's Hitler remarks spark Labour calls for suspension" 5328:"Eight dodgy things Ken Livingstone has said about Jews, and Hitler" 4899: 3281:

In January 2022, Livingstone announced his intention of joining the

2765:

initially did not deem the comments newsworthy, they were leaked to

1999:(NEC), although he was voted off in October 1989, to be replaced by 1508:

The Livingstone administration took a strong stance on the issue of

1124:

for publicly reaffirming his support for the controversial issue of

11042: 10023: 6648: 6449: 6286: 6270: 5954: 5874: 5858: 5780: 5624: 5506: 4680: 4664: 4580: 3473: 3165: 3082:

Livingstone supported Jeremy Corbyn's candidature as Labour leader.

3040: 3024: 2804: 2669: 2665: 2629: 2582: 2548: 2365: 2316: 2008: 2004: 1897: 1837:(SDP). Many highlighted Labour's failure to secure the seat in the 1545: 995: 795: 749: 744:", and unlike many Conservative voters at the time did not hold to 737: 647: 603: 591: 10019:"Ken Livingstone: Former London mayor has Alzheimer's, family say" 9564:

Mason, Rowena; Asthana, Anushka; Sparrow, Andrew (28 April 2016).

9140:"Ken Livingstone suspended by Labour Party in 'anti-Semitism' row" 8149:"Mayor critical of government plans to approve desalination plant" 7016:

We have the biggest wheelchair accessible bus network in the world

6082:"Surprise backing for Beckett in Labour leadership stakes: Donald" 5423: 5224: 3597: 1881:, stating its intention to do so in its 1983 electoral manifesto. 590:. Despite his opposition to Blair's government on issues like the 39: 10592:

Dominiczak, Peter (18 August 2011). "Boris is Hitler, says Ken".

9982:"Former London mayor Ken Livingstone 'will apply' to join Greens" 3408:. He was the first person to breed the Western Dwarf Clawed Frog 3401: 3334: 3001: 2918: 2598: 2278:

to stand for the mayorship, and instead encouraged the reluctant

1878: 1874: 1823: 979: 918: 767: 753: 635: 476: 309: 8817:"Boris Johnson wins London mayoral election: Politics live blog" 8315: 4731: 4508: 4308: 4244: 4020: 3758: 3237:

to smear anybody who criticises Israeli policy as antisemitic".

3004:. Livingstone predicted that in twenty years it could become a " 1597:

had banned the use of the term "black bin liner" and the rhyme "

9773:"Labour MPs warn against re-admitting Ken Livingstone to party" 8702:"Ken Livingstone: Jews won't vote Labour because they are rich" 5970: 3885: 2941:

Livingstone intended to stand again as Labour candidate in the

2193:, on the basis of which he was appointed vice president of the 1675:

lambasts Livingstone after his support for Irish republicanism.

1604: 1581: 1573: 1243:

County Hall in Lambeth, then home of the Greater London Council

1087: 813: 700: 20: 8842:"London mayor: Boris Johnson wins second term by tight margin" 7481: 2411:

as transport commissioner — previously chief executive of the

1352:, in which Livingstone was portrayed as affable but ruthless. 10294:"Is this self-ignited firestorm the end for Ken Livingstone?" 9531:"UK Israel-basher Livingstone wonders if he has Jewish roots" 8635:"Livingstone speaks out against 'breathtaking scale' of cuts" 6705: 6703: 3261:

announced that he had become the group's honorary president.

2836: 1383: 9720:"Ken Livingstone: Jeremy Corbyn announces new investigation" 9112:"Ken Livingstone suspended from Labour after Hitler remarks" 8241: 6579:"On This Day 4 May 2000: Ken Livingstone voted London mayor" 5084: 5082: 4096: 4036: 3640: 2913:. In June 2007, he criticised the planned £200 million 2885:" event at Trafalgar Square in commemoration of the Islamic 1156:". In Camden Borough, council employees unionised under the 10456: 10001:"Ken Livingstone's bid to join the Green Party is rejected" 9952:"Key findings of the EHRC inquiry into Labour antisemitism" 8536:"Exiles outraged at Livingstone role on Iran TV mouthpiece" 7445:"Jail Sharon and create 50% top tax rate, says Livingstone" 7343: 7331: 7149: 3405: 3073: 3023:

for the Iranian state-sponsored international news channel

2412: 2284: 2213:. In 1995, Livingstone was invited to appear on the track " 1890: 1614:

Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer

1274:; the left group now controlled both the GLC and the ILEA. 1002:, who convinced him to oppose the use of British troops in 786:– a man who had "a strong impact" on Livingstone – and the 670: 19:"Red Ken" redirects here. For the hair products brand, see 10480: 10353: 10311: 9166:"Jeremy Corbyn denies crisis as Ken Livingstone suspended" 9061:"Ken Livingstone stands by Dan Jarvis hedge fund comments" 8408:"Ken Livingstone is new transport adviser for Hugo Chávez" 8117: 8014: 7990: 7649: 7637: 7579: 7567: 7512: 7291: 7225: 6727: 6700: 6688: 6676: 6664: 6612: 6521: 6437: 6314: 6258: 6246: 6234: 6170: 6134: 5926: 5914: 5890: 5846: 5834: 5796: 5712: 5700: 5688: 5652: 5612: 5588: 5391: 4859: 4759: 3489:

featured a fictionalised version of Livingstone voiced by

3253:

signing off on the decision shortly before standing down.

822:

Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs

574:. In his first term as Mayor of London, he introduced the 10711:"So, Ken Livingstone, do you like Boris personally? 'No'" 10417: 10415: 10335: 10275: 10273: 9300:"Corbyn may not be antisemitic. But is he a real leader?" 8908:"Jeremy Corbyn could be prime minister – Ken Livingstone" 8505: 8258: 8256: 7865: 7863: 7426: 7424: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6389: 5542: 5540: 5527: 5525: 5264: 5252: 5109: 5079: 5055: 5031: 5003: 4979: 4967: 4955: 4943: 4915: 4747: 4120: 4048: 3356:

said in 2000 that Livingstone could only be defined as a

2862:

Livingstone's emotional apology for London's role in the

2855:, concerned about the preservation of historic skylines. 2739:, Livingstone initiated a campaign to celebrate London's 2709: 2541:

encourage the use of public transport, in June 2003, the

2181:. In October 1991 Livingstone began writing a column for 1985: 16:

English politician and former Mayor of London (born 1945)

9856:"Ken Livingstone quits Labour after antisemitism claims" 5640: 5126: 5124: 5099: 5097: 2030:

put Livingstone's name forward to succeed Kinnock, with

1929:

The Houses of Parliament, where Livingstone served as MP

1210: 1188:

SCLV. The primary figurehead for this leftist trend was

917:

the 1968 student protests, he encouraged members of the

570:, Livingstone successfully contested the election as an 9425: 9007:"Ken Livingstone: Tony Blair to blame for 7/7 bombings" 8940:"Ken Livingstone to co-convene Labour's defence review" 8682: 4799: 4787: 4476: 4444: 4212: 2869:

In May 2006, Livingstone welcomed Venezuelan president

2207:, also making regular appearances on the BBC quiz show 1773:

1976 Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act

928: 790:. At Tulse Hill Comprehensive he gained an interest in 618:

London mayoral elections to the Conservative candidate

10492: 10468: 10444: 10412: 10270: 10120: 10044: 10042: 8725:"Livingstone 'says Jews are too rich to vote for him'" 8663:"Ken Livingstone: Bin Laden should not have been shot" 8253: 8193: 8129: 8105: 8002: 7962: 7860: 7806: 7625: 7421: 7409: 7355: 7303: 7279: 7137: 6739: 6715: 6636: 6624: 6545: 6533: 6477: 6465: 6405: 6386: 6374: 6302: 6182: 6158: 6146: 6122: 5998: 5902: 5752: 5740: 5676: 5664: 5600: 5576: 5564: 5552: 5537: 5522: 5439: 5363: 5351: 5240: 5168: 2564:. He gained the support of Labour's culture secretary 2401:

Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen

2397:

National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers

1367:

referred to him as "Ken Leninspart", a combination of

448:. He also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for 9934:"Investigation into antisemitism in the Labour Party" 7728:"London Assembly censures Livingstone over Nazi jibe" 6110: 5121: 5094: 5067: 5043: 4887: 4831: 2706:

three attacks on the Underground and another on a bus

2438:

Livingstone's administration introduced the fleet of

535:

campaigns. He attempted to stand for the position of

10849:

The Observer Profile: Ken Livingstone – Capital chap

10435:"Ken Livingstone: 'It's an autobiography, not porn'" 10258: 9503:"Ken Livingstone's Remarkable LBC Interview In Full" 8796: 8784: 8772: 7000:"Transport for London wins Independent Living Award" 4991: 4652: 4412: 4344: 4152: 4108: 3853: 3841: 3730: 3333:, among the socialist community. Although rejecting 2581:. Livingstone condemned the UK's involvement in the 2372:, while a purpose-built building was constructed in 2197:

in 1996–97. He subsequently wrote a food column for

1206:

Greater London Council leadership of Ken Livingstone

1199: 1179:, became prime minister. A staunch right-winger and 1014:

Early years on the Greater London Council: 1973–1977

1010:, who undid many of Livingstone and Carr's reforms. 805:

From 1962 to 1970, he worked as a technician at the

602:

and ushering in a major redevelopment of the city's

10512:"Kate Bush Once Wrote A Song About Ken Livingstone" 10039: 9563: 9086:"Ken Livingstone was paid £8,000 fee by hedge fund" 6066:"Blair can be beaten: Most left MPs back Beckett". 3134: 2982: 2933:Livingstone was defeated by Conservative candidate 2783:, and their long record of bigotry and racism. The 11254:Transport and General Workers' Union-sponsored MPs 10742: 10723: 9771: 9665: 9241: 8661: 5326: 2965:alleged that one of Livingstone's close advisers, 2513:on the London Assembly referred the matter to the 1845: 1688:and in July, met with the mother of an imprisoned 1426: 586:, and unsuccessfully opposed the privatisation of 566:After failing to become Labour's candidate in the 9110:Asthana, Anushka; Mason, Rowena (28 April 2016). 9105: 9103: 8502:age last updated Stars call for ceasefire in Gaza 8307:"Auditor clears former aide to Ken Livingstone". 7499: 7026: 7024: 6016: 3553: 3551: 2274:to denounce Livingstone. They failed to convince 829:part in several protest marches as a part of the 736:ferries, while the latter worked in a bakers, at 622:, Livingstone became a key ally of Labour leader 11204:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies 11110: 3055:Livingstone stood as Labour's candidate for the 2894:slave trade. He selected the anniversary of the 2800:overturned the decision to suspend Livingstone. 1283:called Livingstone a "left wing extremist", and 844: 10884:"Archival material relating to Ken Livingstone" 10800:"Ken Livingstone to run again for London mayor" 8533: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8401: 8399: 7546: 7106: 5478:My plot to murder Livingstone, by former hitman 5285:"Anti-semitism - and a timely question for Ken" 2643: 2097:Ken Livingstone on the Labour leadership, 1986. 2034:as his deputy, but they were not elected, with 1495: 1307: 1169:general election was held in the United Kingdom 982:, Livingstone became involved with a number of 11239:Politicians from the London Borough of Lambeth 10141:"Davos 07: why should a socialist mayor come?" 9100: 8518:Annie Lennox calls for end to Gaza bombardment 8444:"Livingstone to advise Chávez on urban issues" 7880: 7878: 7109:"Festivals play their part in fighting racism" 7021: 3548: 3031:, using the speech to attack spending cuts by 3011:In January 2009, Livingstone responded to the 2901:A week later he attended the unveiling of the 2473:Livingstone sought to remove the pigeons from 2334: 1633:– stating the number of unemployed in London. 1128:, declaring he supported the reduction of the 630:, his comments about the relationship between 11058: 10071: 10069: 9134: 9132: 8372: 8370: 8368: 3779: 3777: 2680:at which he talked alongside Islamist cleric 2470:by 20%, relative to the 1990 level, by 2010. 2163:Livingstone's Labour: A Programme for the 90s 1968:to Parliament in July 1987, Livingstone used 1236:, chair of Camden Council Women's Committee. 260:Hackney North and Stoke Newington (1977–1981) 11294:English activists for Palestinian solidarity 11149:Councillors in the London Borough of Lambeth 10864:Compendium of articles about Ken Livingstone 10648:If Voting Changed Anything They'd Abolish it 10602: 10390:"Livingstone splits up with long-time lover" 10375: 9557: 9109: 8934: 8887: 8852: 8462: 8430: 8396: 8321: 8294: 8278: 8247: 8231: 8211: 8036: 7984: 7956: 7940: 7782: 7748: 7714: 7671: 7615: 7534: 7487: 7403: 7349: 7337: 7325: 7273: 7187: 7171: 7131: 7076: 7060: 6986: 6845: 6764: 6606: 6515: 6499: 6431: 6228: 6208: 3975: 3919: 3879: 3803: 3673: 2750:photographer "harassing" other guests. When 2137:If Voting Changed Anything They'd Abolish It 1492:January 1983, and subsequently implemented. 971:in empty houses. He increased the number of 555:project that pushed the party closer to the 11184:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London 11144:Councillors in the London Borough of Camden 10689: 10645: 10381: 10338:Television. First broadcast 17 August 2009. 10317: 10138: 9848: 9613:"Ken Livingstone suspended again by Labour" 9485:"Ken Livingstone stands by Hitler comments" 8585:. Counterfire. 12 July 2010. Archived from 8069:"Livingstone secures cheap oil from Chávez" 7875: 7201:"Political Studies Association Awards 2003" 6857: 5817:"Livingstone poll win denounced as 'stunt'" 5214: 5190: 5025: 4765: 4721: 4702: 4642: 4626: 4606: 4554: 4534: 4498: 4466: 4434: 4402: 4366: 4334: 4298: 4282: 4266: 4250: 4234: 4194: 4174: 4142: 4126: 4102: 4070: 4054: 4042: 4010: 3991: 3955: 3935: 3911: 3831: 3724: 3276: 2945:, this time against Conservative candidate 2632:to step down as a TfL board member. In the 2577:racial equality and celebrating the city's 2063:in the party, and called for Blair to sack 1636:In September 1981, a weekly newspaper, the 1442:South Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council 770:exam, in 1956 began secondary education at 11229:People associated with transport in London 11065: 11051: 10892: 10875: 10591: 10066: 9975: 9973: 9378:"Livingstone Hitler comments 'inaccurate'" 9235: 9233: 9129: 8688: 8365: 8327: 3809: 3774: 3538: 3536: 3511:playing Livingstone in a Hollywood movie. 3414:in captivity. Livingstone is a big fan of 2311:, and those from other fields, among them 1826:, then under the control of the socialist 1556:to be a racist organisation, he appointed 1397:chair of the new Women's Committee, while 950:Conservative government of Prime Minister 610:was widely praised. After losing both the 523:. Livingstone was a vocal opponent of the 38: 10708: 10628:Ken: The Ups and Downs of Ken Livingstone 10581:Public Policy and Administration Research 10279: 7848: 7549:"This is about Israel, not anti-semitism" 6898:"Bus backlash as mayor rings the changes" 2817:Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 2229: 2115:in 1990. Two other members of the group, 1972:to raise a number of allegations made by 1814:(CND) in order to advocate international 415:Philippa Fawcett Teacher Training College 392: 10783:Mulholland, Hélène (24 September 2010). 10603:Edwards, Giles; Isaby, Jonathan (2008). 10564:. Hatton Garden, London: Profile Books. 10441:, 21 October 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2012. 9272: 8405: 8339: 8311:. London. 12 July 2009. pp. 28, 29. 7686:"Livingstone attacks 'scumbag' Standard" 7677: 7502:"Livingstone re-elected as London mayor" 6953:"Thousands bid adieu to Routemaster bus" 6808:"Routemasters put on road to retirement" 6778:"Ken Livingstone answers your questions" 5282: 3144: 3122:manager's £16,800 donation to Labour MP 3077: 3074:Corbyn's leadership of Labour: 2015–2020 3050: 2928: 2857: 2730: 2647: 2547: 2519: 2433: 2239: 2153:, and served as a judge for that year's 2079:and, in March 1998, publicly criticised 1924: 1771:banned Adams' entry to Britain with the 1742: 1238: 1086: 788:1960 United States presidential election 671:Childhood and young adulthood: 1945–1967 11244:Politics of the London Borough of Brent 11209:Leaders of local authorities of England 10740: 9970: 9880: 9637: 9230: 9210: 8814: 8637:. Tribunemagazine.co.uk. Archived from 8441: 8235: 8215: 7683: 7619: 6921: 6919: 6805: 5814: 5470: 5324: 3685: 3587: 3557: 3533: 3462: 2881:Livingstone helped organise the first " 2819:. His criticism focused on US diplomat 2247:, opened 2002, specially built for the 1920: 1707:On 10 October, the IRA bombed London's 1527: 1331:a split that never actually happened." 1082: 11111: 10766:Rejoice! Rejoice! Britain in the 1980s 10763: 10709:McCartney, Jenny (13 September 2014). 10624: 10578: 10559: 10540: 10498: 10486: 10474: 10462: 10450: 10421: 10387: 10371: 10359: 10201: 10126: 9998: 9979: 9802: 9663: 9551:"Ken Livingstone: 'I could be Jewish'" 9457: 9239: 9182: 9027: 8802: 8790: 8778: 8722: 8290: 8274: 8262: 8227: 8199: 8135: 8123: 8111: 8032: 8020: 8008: 7996: 7980: 7968: 7952: 7936: 7869: 7812: 7778: 7744: 7710: 7667: 7655: 7643: 7631: 7585: 7573: 7530: 7518: 7442: 7430: 7415: 7399: 7361: 7321: 7309: 7297: 7285: 7269: 7231: 7183: 7167: 7155: 7143: 7127: 7072: 7056: 6982: 6841: 6760: 6745: 6733: 6721: 6709: 6694: 6682: 6670: 6658: 6654: 6642: 6630: 6618: 6602: 6551: 6539: 6527: 6511: 6495: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6455: 6443: 6427: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6380: 6368: 6364: 6352: 6348: 6336: 6332: 6320: 6308: 6296: 6292: 6280: 6276: 6264: 6252: 6240: 6224: 6220: 6204: 6200: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6116: 6104: 6100: 6053: 6049: 6004: 5992: 5988: 5976: 5964: 5960: 5948: 5944: 5932: 5920: 5908: 5896: 5884: 5880: 5868: 5864: 5852: 5840: 5802: 5790: 5786: 5774: 5770: 5758: 5746: 5734: 5730: 5718: 5706: 5694: 5682: 5670: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5630: 5618: 5606: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5558: 5546: 5531: 5516: 5512: 5500: 5496: 5445: 5433: 5429: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5397: 5385: 5381: 5369: 5357: 5312: 5308: 5270: 5258: 5246: 5234: 5230: 5218: 5210: 5198: 5194: 5186: 5174: 5162: 5158: 5146: 5142: 5130: 5115: 5103: 5088: 5073: 5061: 5049: 5037: 5021: 5009: 4997: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4933: 4921: 4909: 4905: 4893: 4881: 4877: 4865: 4853: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4805: 4793: 4781: 4777: 4753: 4741: 4737: 4725: 4706: 4690: 4686: 4674: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4638: 4622: 4610: 4602: 4590: 4586: 4574: 4570: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4518: 4514: 4502: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4430: 4418: 4406: 4398: 4386: 4382: 4370: 4362: 4350: 4338: 4330: 4318: 4314: 4302: 4286: 4270: 4262: 4238: 4230: 4218: 4190: 4178: 4170: 4158: 4146: 4138: 4114: 4090: 4086: 4074: 4066: 4030: 4026: 4014: 4006: 3987: 3971: 3967: 3951: 3939: 3931: 3915: 3907: 3895: 3891: 3875: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3835: 3827: 3799: 3795: 3768: 3764: 3752: 3748: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3607: 3603: 2977: 432:(GLC) from 1981 until the council was 248:12 April 1973 – 31 March 1986 11224:Members of the Greater London Council 11046: 10736:from the original on 12 January 2022. 10721: 10665:Livingstone, Ken (17 November 2005). 10099: 9744: 9402: 9058: 8858: 8609:"'Red' Ken making miners' gala debut" 7887:"Livingstone Apologizes to UK's Jews" 5487:" thisislondon.co.uk, 1 November 2006 5459:Loyalists planned to kill Livingstone 3591: 3583: 3558:Badshah, Nadeem (19 September 2023). 3100:2015 Labour Party leadership election 2718:second, failed suicide bombing attack 1802:Courting further controversy, in the 1211:Becoming leader of the GLC: 1979–1981 1102:, Livingstone and Christine moved to 628:Israeli policy regarding Palestinians 11072: 10291: 10139:Livingstone, Ken (25 January 2007). 9938:Equality and Human Rights Commission 9784:from the original on 12 January 2022 9678:from the original on 12 January 2022 9254:from the original on 12 January 2022 8982: 8670:from the original on 12 January 2022 8659: 8079: 7884: 6992: 6916: 6070:. No. 91. July 1994. p. 1. 5451: 5339:from the original on 12 January 2022 3641:"Births England and Wales 1837–1915" 3266:Equality and Human Rights Commission 2380:, it was officially opened by Queen 1828:Sandinista National Liberation Front 1413:1983 United Kingdom general election 1371:and the German left-wing group, the 929:Lambeth Housing Committee: 1971–1973 714:Having first met in April 1940 at a 654:, and criticised his connections to 135:17 May 1981 – 31 March 1986 123:Leader of the Greater London Council 10725:"Make London part of Britain Again" 10202:Bunder, Leslie (17 November 2005). 8534:Martin Fletcher (20 January 2011). 7826:"Mayor hosts ceremony for Hanukkah" 7796:"Ken's suspension order thrown out" 7762:"Mayor is suspended over Nazi jibe" 7684:Tryhorn, Chris (10 February 2005). 7471:"Anger at Livingstone Saudi 'rant'" 6059: 6021:. London: Tauris Academic Studies. 6010: 5815:Clayton, Hugh (21 September 1984). 3325:Livingstone describes himself as a 3209:, although the political scientist 3182:Zionism in the Age of the Dictators 3141:Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party 3090:to be the Labour candidate for the 1839:1981 Croydon North West by-election 1393:appointed key chair of finance and 901:Joining his local Labour branch in 202:11 June 1987 – 14 May 2001 13: 11194:Independent politicians in England 11164:English people of Scottish descent 10843:Ken Livingstone : Rebel Mayor 10814:"Ken Livingstone ties knot at zoo" 10206:. Something Jewish. Archived from 9980:Nelsen, Arthur (17 January 2022). 8983:Watt, Nicholas (1 December 2015). 8406:Hamilton, Fiona (29 August 2008). 8378:"Livingstone to be Chavez adviser" 8347:"Johnson wins London mayoral race" 8050:"Oil deal signals lower bus fares" 7500:Hélène Mulholland (11 June 2004). 7245:"Congestion charge zone increases" 3688:"Family Detective:Ken Livingstone" 3507:gave a fictionalised portrayal of 3295: 3086:In May 2015, Livingstone endorsed 2456:Disability Discrimination Act 1995 2224: 1640:, was announced with Livingstone, 1587:the country's socialist government 1382:. After Livingstone sued them for 1158:National Union of Public Employees 870:, or single-issue groups like the 626:in 2015. A longstanding critic of 14: 11310: 10873:National Portrait Gallery, London 10826: 10388:Womack, Sarah (6 November 2001). 8297:, pp. 79–82, 97–98, 103–104. 7912:"Mayor defiant over Olympics row" 7832:. 3 December 2005. Archived from 7599:"Mayor blames Middle East policy" 6927:"Routemaster makes final journey" 6861:You can't say that : memoirs 6565:"Livingstone to apologise to MPs" 5283:Dovkants, Keith (17 April 2008). 2773:Board of Deputies of British Jews 2270:unsuccessfully attempting to get 1883:Secretary of State for Employment 1690:Provisional Irish Republican Army 1550:English Collective of Prostitutes 1200:Greater London Council leadership 1061:Hackney North and Stoke Newington 493:Hackney North and Stoke Newington 468:, ideologically identifying as a 10964:Parliament of the United Kingdom 10722:Moore, Charles (21 April 2007). 10504: 10427: 10341: 10323: 10285: 10246: 10234: 10222: 10195: 10183: 10171: 10159: 10132: 10093: 10081: 10054: 10011: 9992: 9944: 9900: 9874: 9862:. Press Association. 21 May 2018 9822: 9803:Harpin, Lee (28 February 2018). 9796: 9764: 9738: 9712: 9690: 9657: 9631: 9605: 9593:. Herald Scotland. 30 April 2016 9583: 9543: 9523: 9509: 9495: 9477: 9451: 9419: 9396: 9370: 9344: 9318: 9292: 9266: 9204: 9176: 9158: 9078: 9052: 9021: 8999: 8976: 8950: 8928: 8900: 8881: 8834: 8808: 8747: 8716: 8694: 8653: 8627: 8601: 8575: 8553: 8527: 8511: 8495: 8442:Carroll, Rory (28 August 2008). 8300: 8163: 8141: 8042: 7904: 7818: 7788: 7754: 7720: 7591: 7547:Ken Livingstone (4 March 2005). 7540: 7493: 7463: 7436: 7367: 7237: 7193: 7100: 7082: 6945: 6890: 6851: 6799: 6770: 6571: 6557: 6074: 5808: 5318: 5276: 3400:when he was eleven, becoming an 3380: 3283:Green Party of England and Wales 3135:Suspension from the Labour Party 2983:Unsuccessful election: 2008–2014 2570:International Olympic Commission 1857:Biographer Andrew Hosken (2008). 1812:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 1539:Historian Alwyn W. Turner, 2010. 1268:Inner London Education Authority 872:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 816:, looking after animals used in 368: 71:4 May 2000 – 3 May 2008 11299:People with Alzheimer's disease 11289:English anti–Iraq War activists 11139:British broadcaster-politicians 10859:Ken Livingstone speaker profile 10545:. London: Chatto & Windus. 10533: 10514:. 28 March 2014. Archived from 10100:Greig, Geordie (13 July 2010). 9999:Harpin, Lee (7 February 2022). 9940:. 29 October 2020. p. 105. 9638:Collier, Hatty (4 April 2017). 9403:Winer, Stuart (25 March 2016). 9356:International Business Times UK 9240:Hughes, Laura (28 April 2016). 9211:Rentoul, John (28 April 2016). 9059:Mason, Rowena (11 March 2016). 8723:Cusick, James (22 March 2012). 7885:Paul, Jonny (9 December 2006). 7855:City Hall marks Jewish festival 7443:Ashley, Jackie (8 April 2004). 7107:Ken Livingstone (6 June 2006). 4557:, pp. 90, 92–94, 107–113; 4200: 2915:Thames Water Desalination Plant 1846:Abolition of the GLC: 1983–1986 1605:Republicanism, Ireland and the 1445:planned to increase the London 1427:Fares Fair and transport policy 802:, which required six O-levels. 772:Tulse Hill Comprehensive School 509:reduce London Underground fares 388: 364: 11214:English LGBTQ rights activists 11154:European democratic socialists 10608:: How Boris Johnson Won London 9273:Beaumont, Peter (1 May 2016). 9183:Taylor, Adam (28 April 2016). 8815:Sparrow, Andrew (4 May 2012). 8155:. 15 June 2007. Archived from 8086:Londoners United and Rejoicing 7857:, BBC.co.uk, 28 December 2005. 7032:"London Climate Change Agency" 6806:Webster, Ben (19 March 2003). 3686:Barratt, Nick (7 April 2007). 3679: 3643:. Freebmd.org.uk. 21 June 2010 3633: 3499:produced an episode entitled " 2789:Adjudication Panel for England 1877:control to the Greater London 1765:Ballykelly, County Londonderry 1757:Irish National Liberation Army 1620:in July 1981, Livingstone – a 1485:flat fares within ticket zones 1121:Hampstead and Highgate Express 1067:, following the retirement of 992:Revolutionary Communist League 961:Lambeth London Borough Council 442:creation of the office in 2000 1: 11284:Labour Party (UK) councillors 9881:Ferrari, Nick (22 May 2018). 9664:McCann, Kate (4 April 2017). 9458:Simons, Ned (28 April 2016). 8477:"Livingstone advises Caracas" 5325:Bennett, Asa (5 April 2017). 3522: 3501:GLC: The Carnage Continues... 3343:Revolutionary Communist Party 3195:Zionist Federation of Germany 2674:Muslim Association of Britain 2652:Livingstone attends the 2007 2538:Political Studies Association 2173:and to appear in adverts for 1118:. He gained notoriety in the 845:Political activism: 1968–1970 665: 527:government of Prime Minister 11169:Radio presenters from London 10869:Portraits of Ken Livingstone 10851:by Jay Rayner, published in 10820:. London. 26 September 2009. 10292:Muir, Hugh (29 April 2016). 9745:Waugh, Paul (5 April 2017). 8888:Pippa Crerar (18 May 2015). 8731:. London, UK. Archived from 8414:. London, UK. Archived from 3694:. London, UK. Archived from 3527: 3259:Labour Against the Witchhunt 3242:National Executive Committee 3224:, founder of the pro-Corbyn 3149:Livingstone after a Radio 4 3092:2016 London mayoral election 3057:2012 London mayoral election 2943:2008 London mayoral election 2644:Second mayoral term: 2004–08 2634:2004 London mayoral election 2585:and involved himself in the 2236:2000 London mayoral election 1997:National Executive Committee 1978:Special Intelligence Service 1496:GLEB and nuclear disarmament 1436:, which focused on reducing 1308:Leader of the GLC: 1981–1983 996:infiltrated the Labour party 568:2000 London mayoral election 7: 10798:Owen, Paul (18 July 2008). 10749:. London: Aurum Press Ltd. 10692:You Can't Say That: Memoirs 10667:"Ken Livingstone interview" 10204:"Ken Livingstone interview" 8660:Ross, Tim (17 April 2012). 6864:. London: Faber And Faber. 2785:Standards Board for England 2696:" responsible for the 1982 2515:Standards Board for England 2491:London Partnership Register 2485:music festival, now called 2407:by Livingstone. Appointing 2360:, whose first chairman was 2335:First mayoral term: 2000–04 2161:published his second book, 2113:Socialist Economic Bulletin 1761:bombed The Droppin Well bar 1751:Livingstone agreed to meet 1646:Workers Revolutionary Party 1270:(ILEA), replacing him with 608:7 July 2005 London bombings 606:, his leadership after the 10: 11315: 10812: 10797: 10782: 10664: 10347: 10264: 10252: 10240: 10228: 10189: 10177: 10165: 10087: 10075: 10060: 10048: 8333: 7375:"Profile: Ken Livingstone" 6017:Heppell, Timothy. (2010). 4206: 3815: 3783: 3542: 3220:called for his expulsion. 3138: 3106:. Shadow defence minister 2698:Sabra and Shatila massacre 2495:Civil Partnership Act 2004 2393:public–private partnership 2233: 2169:cheese in adverts for the 2106:, with the group's leader 1738:Ulster Defence Association 1696:, then taking part in the 1203: 1141:Parliamentary Labour Party 973:compulsory purchase orders 876:Child Poverty Action Group 426:Kenneth Robert Livingstone 294:Kenneth Robert Livingstone 18: 11080: 11020: 11012: 11007: 10997: 10977: 10969: 10962: 10952: 10937: 10932: 10915: 10907: 10902: 10764:Turner, Alwyn W. (2010). 10690:Livingstone, Ken (2011). 10646:Livingstone, Ken (1987). 10598:. London. pp. 01–02. 9088:. ITV News. 12 March 2016 8666:. London, UK: Telegraph. 8309:The Independent on Sunday 8097:Muslim Council of Britain 8091:27 September 2007 at the 6858:Livingstone, Ken (2012). 6430:, pp. 290–291, 296; 3433:, who became director of 3423: 3094:, and, in July, endorsed 2864:transatlantic slave trade 2678:France's ban on the burka 2604:as the guest of honour. 2440:articulated "bendy buses" 2350:London Development Agency 2303:, and Blur, artists like 2195:London Zoological Society 2139:, wrote articles for the 1903:Local Government Act 1985 1454:London Borough of Bromley 1421:London Weekend Television 884:the 1968 student protests 880:London Borough of Lambeth 831:anti-Vietnam War movement 460:. A former member of the 419: 411: 403: 343: 316: 289: 284: 280: 266: 252: 241: 230: 218: 206: 195: 183: 169: 157: 139: 128: 121: 109: 95: 75: 64: 57: 53: 37: 30: 11199:Labour Party (UK) mayors 11008:Party political offices 10396:. London. Archived from 10376:Edwards & Isaby 2008 9700:. ITV News. 5 April 2017 9028:Singer (21 April 2016). 8322:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8295:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8279:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8248:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8232:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8212:Edwards & Isaby 2008 8153:Greater London Authority 8037:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7985:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7957:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7941:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7783:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7749:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7715:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7672:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7616:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7535:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7488:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7404:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7350:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7338:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7326:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7274:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7188:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7172:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7132:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7077:Edwards & Isaby 2008 7061:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6987:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6846:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6765:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6607:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6516:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6500:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6432:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6229:Edwards & Isaby 2008 6209:Edwards & Isaby 2008 5979:, pp. 218–219, 222. 4573:, pp. 87, 91, 105; 3976:Edwards & Isaby 2008 3920:Edwards & Isaby 2008 3880:Edwards & Isaby 2008 3804:Edwards & Isaby 2008 3674:Edwards & Isaby 2008 3277:Retirement: 2020–present 2903:statue of Nelson Mandela 2853:Charles, Prince of Wales 2735:In the aftermath of the 2525:London congestion charge 2260:Greater London Authority 2249:Greater London Authority 2210:Have I Got News For You? 2028:Socialist Campaign Group 1732:, Unionist paramilitary 1698:1981 Irish hunger strike 1512:, proclaiming London a " 1134:London Borough of Camden 864:International Socialists 464:, he was on the party's 10768:. London: Aurum Press. 10741:Purnell, Sonia (2011). 10625:Hosken, Andrew (2008). 10106:London Evening Standard 9644:London Evening Standard 9009:. BBC. 27 November 2015 5483:16 January 2009 at the 5384:, pp. 88–90, 100; 3339:Socialist Workers Party 2722:Jean Charles de Menezes 2656:celebrations in London. 2560:program centred on the 1970:parliamentary privilege 1835:Social Democratic Party 1461:, where three judges – 1298:parliamentary democracy 868:Socialist Labour League 860:National Health Service 849:Livingstone joined the 707:in 1932 and becoming a 326:(2018–present; 2000–03) 11028:Greater London Council 10919:Greater London Council 10610:. London: Politico's. 10562:Turn Again Livingstone 8704:. The Jewish Chronicle 8281:, pp. 20–21, 101. 4385:, pp. 59, 61–62; 4337:, pp. 47, 53–55; 3751:, pp. 28–30, 32; 3460: 3372:. Highlighting that a 3304: 3156: 3083: 2994:Ken Livingstone (2008) 2991: 2957:In December 2007 when 2938: 2937:(pictured right, 2006) 2866: 2825:Kensington and Chelsea 2809:David and Simon Reuben 2743: 2657: 2553: 2528: 2446: 2255: 2230:Mayoral election: 2000 2185:'s right-wing tabloid 2171:National Dairy Council 2094: 1955:Natural History Museum 1930: 1854: 1748: 1669: 1536: 1487:, and the inter-modal 1474:; on 17 December five 1336:Ken Livingstone, 1987. 1333: 1319:London Labour Briefing 1304:yearn to cast aside." 1244: 1218:London Labour Briefing 1112:Hampstead constituency 1095: 1071:. Accused of being a " 1024:Greater London Council 941: 896:Ken Livingstone (1987) 893: 687:before training as an 430:Greater London Council 262:Paddington (1981–1986) 236:Greater London Council 11279:21st-century atheists 11274:20th-century atheists 10560:Carvel, John (1999). 10541:Carvel, John (1984). 9426:Stern-Weiner, Jamie; 9407:. The Times of Israel 8481:The Press Association 4784:, pp. 94–96, 98. 4253:, pp. 28–31, 33. 3455: 3435:Amnesty International 3411:Hymenochirus curtipes 3300: 3264:In October 2020, the 3148: 3139:Further information: 3081: 3051:2012 mayoral election 2987: 2932: 2861: 2794:High Court of Justice 2734: 2651: 2551: 2523: 2437: 2425:Greater New York City 2301:The Chemical Brothers 2243: 2090: 2073:1997 general election 2020:1992 general election 1943:1987 general election 1933:Livingstone defeated 1928: 1864:1983 general election 1850: 1797:U.S. economic embargo 1746: 1660: 1532: 1324: 1242: 1090: 1042:halfway accommodation 933: 889: 835:libertarian socialist 746:socially conservative 695:circuit prior to the 572:independent candidate 561:1997 general election 10980:Member of Parliament 10888:UK National Archives 10518:on 19 September 2015 10465:, pp. 360, 432. 10334:Series 3 Episode 2. 9912:The Jewish Chronicle 9809:The Jewish Chronicle 9780:. 24 February 2018. 8938:(17 November 2015). 8894:The Evening Standard 8583:"Durham Miners Gala" 8293:, pp. 427–431; 8230:, pp. 426–427; 8035:, pp. 421–422; 7781:, pp. 398–340; 7747:, pp. 388–340; 7713:, pp. 387–388; 7670:, pp. 385–386; 7533:, pp. 279–282; 7402:, pp. 353–355; 7324:, pp. 408–409; 7272:, pp. 407–408; 7186:, pp. 342–348; 7170:, pp. 339–342; 7158:, pp. 337, 339. 7130:, pp. 413–414; 7004:Transport for London 6985:, pp. 405–406; 6844:, pp. 404–405; 6763:, pp. 328–332; 6605:, pp. 316–317; 6514:, pp. 305–311; 6351:, pp. 231–232; 6227:, pp. 274–275; 6207:, pp. 256–263; 6203:, pp. 230–231; 5947:, pp. 234–235; 5773:, pp. 213–218; 5733:, pp. 199–200; 5499:, pp. 157–159; 5416:, pp. 158–159; 5311:, pp. 182–184; 5217:, pp. 151–152; 5193:, pp. 145–146; 5161:, pp. 145–146; 5145:, pp. 142–148; 4936:, pp. 128–133; 4880:, pp. 166–175; 4868:, pp. 149, 195. 4852:, pp. 184–185; 4705:, pp. 144–145; 4645:, pp. 138–140; 4609:, pp. 133–136; 3493:. In 1990, BBC show 3463:Legacy and influence 3037:coalition government 2909:, where he met with 2875:democratic socialist 2737:2005 London bombings 2429:New York City Subway 2346:Transport for London 2121:Anti-Racist Alliance 1951:Houses of Parliament 1921:Member of Parliament 1795:in Cuba against the 1713:Cambridge University 1631:Houses of Parliament 1528:Egalitarian policies 1154:Winter of Discontent 1100:Houses of Parliament 1098:Turning towards the 1083:Hampstead: 1977–1980 600:2012 Summer Olympics 367: 1973; 185:Member of Parliament 46:World Economic Forum 11234:People from Lambeth 11174:English republicans 10927:Position abolished 10694:. Faber and Faber. 10650:. London: Collins. 10489:, pp. 359–360. 10394:The Daily Telegraph 10362:, pp. 337–338. 10331:Would I Lie to You? 10027:. 20 September 2023 9778:The Daily Telegraph 9751:The Huffington Post 9536:The Times of Israel 9464:The Huffington Post 9428:Finkelstein, Norman 9190:The Washington Post 8324:, pp. 200–201. 8126:, pp. 423–424. 8075:. 20 February 2007. 8023:, pp. 418–419. 7999:, pp. 419–420. 7768:. 24 February 2006. 7734:. 15 February 2005. 7658:, pp. 375–377. 7646:, pp. 374–375. 7588:, pp. 369–373. 7576:, pp. 265–266. 7521:, pp. 377–378. 7300:, pp. 360–383. 7234:, pp. 350–351. 6736:, pp. 333–334. 6712:, pp. 357–358. 6697:, pp. 325–327. 6685:, pp. 322–333. 6673:, pp. 321–322. 6621:, pp. 316–317. 6530:, pp. 312–314. 6446:, pp. 296–297. 6371:, pp. 273–274. 6355:, pp. 280–281. 6339:, pp. 272–273. 6323:, pp. 240–241. 6267:, pp. 280–281. 6255:, pp. 265–269. 6243:, pp. 274–275. 6179:, pp. 246–247. 6143:, pp. 283–284. 6107:, pp. 278–279. 6068:Campaign Group News 6056:, pp. 276–277. 5995:, pp. 275–276. 5935:, pp. 274–274. 5923:, pp. 244–245. 5899:, pp. 243–244. 5855:, pp. 217–218. 5843:, pp. 235–236. 5805:, pp. 202–204. 5777:, pp. 198–202. 5737:, pp. 195–199. 5721:, pp. 219–223. 5709:, pp. 191–193. 5697:, pp. 113–114. 5661:, pp. 162–163. 5621:, pp. 145–146. 5597:, pp. 168–169. 5503:, pp. 165–168. 5400:, pp. 104–105. 5388:, pp. 103–104. 5315:, pp. 126–135. 5118:, pp. 142–143. 5091:, pp. 142–145. 5064:, pp. 152–155. 5040:, pp. 124–126. 5028:, pp. 148–149. 5012:, pp. 203–204. 4988:, pp. 148–150. 4976:, pp. 140–143. 4964:, pp. 137–138. 4952:, pp. 135–136. 4940:, pp. 117–118. 4924:, pp. 115–118. 4884:, pp. 174–181. 4856:, pp. 137–138. 4756:, pp. 100–101. 4501:, pp. 99–100; 4469:, pp. 86, 89; 4269:, pp. 40, 42; 3698:on 15 November 2007 3692:The Daily Telegraph 3668:, pp. 18, 36; 3606:, pp. 26, 28; 3290:Alzheimer's disease 3112:clinical depression 3061:psephological study 3029:Durham Miners' Gala 3015:by calling for the 2978:Post-mayoral career 2487:Rise: London United 2479:Saint Patrick's Day 2354:London Fire Brigade 2342:Metropolitan Police 1816:nuclear disarmament 1726:far right skinheads 1682:Irish reunification 1618:St Paul's Cathedral 1599:Baa Baa Black Sheep 1554:Metropolitan Police 1510:nuclear disarmament 1467:Lord Justice Oliver 1417:Janet Street-Porter 1185:Socialist Organiser 1146:Socialist Organiser 1053:extreme pornography 703:before joining the 691:and working on the 537:Labour Party leader 258:Norwood (1973–1977) 44:Livingstone at the 11189:Former Protestants 11179:English socialists 10903:Political offices 10833:Progressive London 10433:Decca Aitkenhead, 8964:. 18 November 2015 8234:, pp. 67–69; 8181:on 15 October 2007 7891:The Jerusalem Post 7406:, pp. 13, 39. 7251:. 19 February 2007 7096:. 12 October 2005. 7006:. 14 December 2007 6961:. 10 December 2005 5457:Matthew Tempest, " 5412:, pp. 95–97; 5273:, pp. 137–39. 5261:, pp. 133–36. 5221:, pp. 99–100. 5189:, pp. 90–91; 4908:, pp. 83–84; 4673:, pp. 18–20; 4641:, pp. 16–18; 4577:, pp. 96, 98. 4541:, pp. 67–69; 4537:, pp. 90–91; 4533:, pp. 67–68; 4497:, pp. 66–67; 4465:, pp. 67–68; 4437:, pp. 96–99; 4433:, pp. 63–65; 4405:, pp. 83–84; 4237:, pp. 26–27; 4233:, pp. 42–43; 4145:, pp. 18–19; 4089:, pp. 44–45; 4009:, pp. 39–40; 3798:, pp. 31–32; 3719:, pp. 27–28; 3664:, pp. 27–28; 3483:During the 1980s, 3211:Norman Finkelstein 3157: 3084: 2939: 2896:Haitian Revolution 2867: 2744: 2658: 2622:Saudi royal family 2608:mayoral candidate 2558:urban regeneration 2554: 2529: 2447: 2389:London Underground 2256: 2191:great crested newt 1931: 1749: 1662:"This morning the 1438:London Underground 1399:Sir Ashley Bramall 1264:Sir Ashley Bramall 1245: 1096: 1057:1977 GLC elections 1037:South London Press 596:Re-elected in 2004 588:London Underground 543:'s resignation in 525:Conservative Party 274:Position abolished 103:Office established 11106: 11105: 11041: 11040: 10998:Succeeded by 10953:Succeeded by 10775:978-1-84513-525-6 10756:978-1-84513-665-9 10677:on 9 October 2014 10638:978-1-905147-72-4 10631:. Arcadia Books. 10571:978-1-86197-131-9 10210:on 9 October 2014 10168:. pp. 68–69, 178. 9958:. 29 October 2020 9040:on 23 August 2017 8862:(30 April 2014). 8613:The Northern Echo 8524:, 2 January 2009. 8508:, 2 January 2009. 7959:, pp. 23–24. 7802:. 5 October 2006. 7785:, pp. 40–41. 7751:, pp. 40–41. 7490:, pp. 14–15. 7276:, pp. 26–27. 7174:, pp. 39–40. 7038:on 3 October 2007 6933:. 9 December 2005 6904:. 7 February 2004 6871:978-0-571-28041-4 6784:. 4 December 1998 6767:, pp. 22–23. 6502:, pp. 10–11. 6087:Independent.co.uk 5649:, pp. 93–95. 4808:, pp. 96–97. 4796:, pp. 13–14. 4709:, pp. 91–92. 4693:, pp. 94–95. 4649:, pp. 88–91. 4593:, pp. 77–78. 4561:, pp. 72–77. 4505:, pp. 62–63. 4485:, pp. 61–62. 4453:, pp. 52–53. 4441:, pp. 57–59. 4409:, pp. 57–59. 4341:, pp. 46–47. 4305:, pp. 55–56. 4241:, pp. 22–23. 4221:, pp. 27–36. 4105:, pp. 16–17. 4093:, pp. 16–18. 4045:, pp. 12–13. 4017:, pp. 13–14. 3918:, pp. 9–10; 3676:, pp. 32–33. 3271:Equality Act 2010 3199:Timothy D. Snyder 3187:Haavara Agreement 3155:programme in 2016 2907:Parliament Square 2883:Eid in the Square 2682:Yusuf al-Qaradawi 2533:congestion charge 2511:Liberal Democrats 2460:articulated buses 2391:system through a 2142:London Daily News 2069:landslide victory 2065:Alastair Campbell 2013:bombing of Serbia 1716:Tory Reform Group 1518:nuclear deterrent 1514:nuclear-free zone 1177:Margaret Thatcher 1173:Geoffrey Finsberg 1092:Margaret Thatcher 660:Irish republicans 641:Characterised by 584:articulated buses 576:congestion charge 529:Margaret Thatcher 434:abolished in 1986 423: 422: 354:Christine Chapman 312:, London, England 144:Illtyd Harrington 11306: 11269:UK MPs 1997–2001 11264:UK MPs 1992–1997 11259:UK MPs 1987–1992 11219:Mayors of London 11159:English atheists 11074:Mayors of London 11067: 11060: 11053: 11044: 11043: 11013:Preceded by 10970:Preceded by 10908:Preceded by 10900: 10899: 10896: 10891: 10879: 10821: 10809: 10794: 10779: 10760: 10748: 10737: 10727: 10718: 10705: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10671:Something Jewish 10661: 10642: 10621: 10599: 10595:Evening Standard 10588: 10575: 10556: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10508: 10502: 10496: 10490: 10484: 10478: 10472: 10466: 10460: 10454: 10448: 10442: 10431: 10425: 10419: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10405: 10385: 10379: 10369: 10363: 10357: 10351: 10345: 10339: 10327: 10321: 10318:Livingstone 2011 10315: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10289: 10283: 10277: 10268: 10262: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10199: 10193: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10136: 10130: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10097: 10091: 10085: 10079: 10073: 10064: 10058: 10052: 10046: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10015: 10009: 10008: 9996: 9990: 9989: 9977: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9963: 9948: 9942: 9941: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9775: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9669: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9609: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9587: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9561: 9555: 9554: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9499: 9493: 9492: 9491:. 30 April 2016. 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9322: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9311: 9296: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9285: 9270: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9245: 9237: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9172:. 28 April 2016. 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9136: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9107: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9082: 9076: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9056: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9045: 9036:. 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Archived from 7205: 7197: 7191: 7181: 7175: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7086: 7080: 7070: 7064: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7028: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7011: 6996: 6990: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6966: 6958:Spokesman Review 6949: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6923: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6855: 6849: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6789: 6774: 6768: 6758: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6713: 6707: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6509: 6503: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6453: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6421: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6397: 6384: 6378: 6372: 6362: 6356: 6346: 6340: 6330: 6324: 6318: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6290: 6284: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6218: 6212: 6198: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6063: 6057: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5958: 5952: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5878: 5872: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5794: 5784: 5778: 5768: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5535: 5529: 5520: 5510: 5504: 5494: 5488: 5474: 5468: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5427: 5421: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5330: 5322: 5316: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5289:Evening Standard 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5228: 5222: 5215:Livingstone 1987 5208: 5202: 5191:Livingstone 1987 5184: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5156: 5150: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5092: 5086: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5026:Livingstone 1987 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4775: 4769: 4766:Livingstone 1987 4763: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4735: 4729: 4722:Livingstone 1987 4719: 4710: 4703:Livingstone 1987 4700: 4694: 4684: 4678: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4643:Livingstone 1987 4636: 4630: 4627:Livingstone 1987 4620: 4614: 4607:Livingstone 1987 4600: 4594: 4584: 4578: 4568: 4562: 4555:Livingstone 1987 4552: 4546: 4535:Livingstone 1987 4528: 4522: 4512: 4506: 4499:Livingstone 1987 4492: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4467:Livingstone 1987 4460: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4435:Livingstone 1987 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4403:Livingstone 1987 4396: 4390: 4380: 4374: 4367:Livingstone 1987 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4335:Livingstone 1987 4328: 4322: 4312: 4306: 4299:Livingstone 1987 4296: 4290: 4283:Livingstone 1987 4280: 4274: 4267:Livingstone 1987 4260: 4254: 4251:Livingstone 1987 4248: 4242: 4235:Livingstone 1987 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4207:Livingstone 1987 4204: 4198: 4195:Livingstone 1987 4188: 4182: 4175:Livingstone 1987 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4143:Livingstone 1987 4136: 4130: 4127:Livingstone 1987 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4103:Livingstone 1987 4100: 4094: 4084: 4078: 4071:Livingstone 1987 4064: 4058: 4055:Livingstone 1987 4052: 4046: 4043:Livingstone 1987 4040: 4034: 4024: 4018: 4011:Livingstone 1987 4004: 3995: 3992:Livingstone 1987 3985: 3979: 3965: 3959: 3956:Livingstone 1987 3949: 3943: 3936:Livingstone 1987 3929: 3923: 3912:Livingstone 1987 3905: 3899: 3889: 3883: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3832:Livingstone 1987 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3802:, pp. 4–6; 3793: 3787: 3784:Livingstone 2005 3781: 3772: 3762: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3725:Livingstone 2011 3723:, pp. 1–2; 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3683: 3677: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3637: 3631: 3617: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3555: 3546: 3540: 3451:Decca Aitkenhead 3331:political theory 3311: 3161:BBC Radio London 2995: 2971:Evening Standard 2959:Evening Standard 2777:Evening Standard 2763:Evening Standard 2752:Evening Standard 2748:Evening Standard 2741:multiculturalism 2672:groups like the 2664:and threat from 2654:St Patrick's Day 2579:multiculturalism 2507:Evening Standard 2475:Trafalgar Square 2205:Evening Standard 2125:Anti-Nazi League 2104:Socialist Action 2098: 2040:Margaret Beckett 1982:Northern Ireland 1858: 1820:Territorial Army 1808:Falkland Islands 1789:Marxist–Leninist 1730:Ulster Unionists 1709:Chelsea Barracks 1676: 1626:Irish republican 1591:Haringey Council 1540: 1373:Spartacus League 1358:Kelvin MacKenzie 1349:Evening Standard 1337: 1049:soft pornography 1004:Northern Ireland 945: 907:Young Socialists 897: 731: 730: 726: 697:Second World War 689:acrobatic dancer 557:political centre 396: 394: 390: 372: 370: 366: 335: 307: 303: 301: 285:Personal details 269: 246: 221: 209: 200: 177:Office abolished 172: 160: 133: 112: 98: 69: 42: 28: 27: 11314: 11313: 11309: 11308: 11307: 11305: 11304: 11303: 11249:Press TV people 11119:Ken Livingstone 11109: 11108: 11107: 11102: 11085:Ken Livingstone 11076: 11071: 11031: 11018: 11016:Andrew McIntosh 11003: 10988: 10982: 10975: 10958: 10943: 10940:Mayor of London 10922: 10913: 10882: 10829: 10824: 10776: 10757: 10702: 10680: 10678: 10658: 10639: 10618: 10572: 10553: 10536: 10531: 10521: 10519: 10510: 10509: 10505: 10497: 10493: 10485: 10481: 10473: 10469: 10461: 10457: 10449: 10445: 10432: 10428: 10420: 10413: 10403: 10401: 10400:on 20 July 2006 10386: 10382: 10374:, p. 337; 10370: 10366: 10358: 10354: 10346: 10342: 10328: 10324: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10290: 10286: 10278: 10271: 10263: 10259: 10251: 10247: 10239: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10213: 10211: 10200: 10196: 10188: 10184: 10176: 10172: 10164: 10160: 10150: 10148: 10137: 10133: 10125: 10121: 10111: 10109: 10098: 10094: 10086: 10082: 10074: 10067: 10059: 10055: 10047: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10017: 10016: 10012: 9997: 9993: 9978: 9971: 9961: 9959: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9917: 9915: 9914:. 14 April 2019 9906: 9905: 9901: 9891: 9889: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9854: 9853: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9828: 9827: 9823: 9813: 9811: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9769: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9743: 9739: 9729: 9727: 9718: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9696: 9695: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9662: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9611: 9610: 9606: 9596: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9584: 9574: 9572: 9562: 9558: 9549: 9548: 9544: 9529: 9528: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9500: 9496: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9456: 9452: 9442: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9410: 9408: 9401: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9384:. 28 April 2016 9376: 9375: 9371: 9361: 9359: 9358:. 29 April 2016 9350: 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9332:. 28 April 2016 9330:The Independent 9324: 9323: 9319: 9309: 9307: 9298: 9297: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9271: 9267: 9257: 9255: 9238: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9217:The Independent 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9181: 9177: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9149: 9147: 9146:. 28 April 2016 9138: 9137: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9108: 9101: 9091: 9089: 9084: 9083: 9079: 9069: 9067: 9057: 9053: 9043: 9041: 9026: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8990: 8988: 8981: 8977: 8967: 8965: 8956: 8955: 8951: 8933: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8906: 8905: 8901: 8886: 8882: 8872: 8870: 8857: 8853: 8840: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8813: 8809: 8801: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8777: 8773: 8763: 8761: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8729:The Independent 8721: 8717: 8707: 8705: 8700: 8699: 8695: 8689:Dominiczak 2011 8687: 8683: 8673: 8671: 8658: 8654: 8644: 8642: 8633: 8632: 8628: 8618: 8616: 8607: 8606: 8602: 8592: 8590: 8581: 8580: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8559: 8558: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8532: 8528: 8516: 8512: 8500: 8496: 8486: 8484: 8475: 8474: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8440: 8431: 8421: 8419: 8418:on 29 June 2011 8404: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8376: 8375: 8366: 8356: 8354: 8345: 8344: 8340: 8332: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8305: 8301: 8289: 8285: 8277:, p. 411; 8273: 8269: 8261: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8226: 8222: 8210: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8184: 8182: 8175:London Councils 8169: 8168: 8164: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8134: 8130: 8122: 8118: 8110: 8106: 8093:Wayback Machine 8084: 8080: 8073:Financial Times 8067: 8059: 8057: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7991: 7983:, p. 409; 7979: 7975: 7967: 7963: 7955:, p. 407; 7951: 7947: 7939:, p. 406; 7935: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7918:. 21 March 2006 7910: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7883: 7876: 7868: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7839: 7837: 7830:Mayor Of London 7824: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7777: 7773: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7743: 7739: 7726: 7725: 7721: 7709: 7705: 7695: 7693: 7682: 7678: 7666: 7662: 7654: 7650: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7626: 7614: 7610: 7605:. 20 July 2005. 7597: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7545: 7541: 7529: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7498: 7494: 7486: 7482: 7477:. 8 April 2004. 7469: 7468: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7441: 7437: 7429: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7332: 7320: 7316: 7308: 7304: 7296: 7292: 7284: 7280: 7268: 7264: 7254: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7230: 7226: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7182: 7178: 7166: 7162: 7154: 7150: 7142: 7138: 7126: 7122: 7105: 7101: 7088: 7087: 7083: 7075:, p. 353; 7071: 7067: 7059:, p. 333; 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7030: 7029: 7022: 7009: 7007: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6981: 6977: 6964: 6962: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6936: 6934: 6925: 6924: 6917: 6907: 6905: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6872: 6856: 6852: 6840: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6804: 6800: 6787: 6785: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6759: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6720: 6716: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6657:, p. 271; 6653: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6526: 6522: 6510: 6506: 6498:, p. 300; 6494: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6458:, p. 267; 6454: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6434:, pp. 1–4. 6426:, p. 253; 6422: 6418: 6410: 6406: 6398: 6387: 6379: 6375: 6367:, p. 240; 6363: 6359: 6347: 6343: 6335:, p. 232; 6331: 6327: 6319: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6295:, p. 218; 6291: 6287: 6279:, p. 239; 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6251: 6247: 6239: 6235: 6223:, p. 238; 6219: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6187: 6183: 6175: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6151: 6147: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6111: 6103:, p. 242; 6099: 6095: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6052:, p. 241; 6048: 6044: 6029: 6015: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5991:, p. 240; 5987: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5963:, p. 237; 5959: 5955: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5883:, p. 220; 5879: 5875: 5867:, p. 214; 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5813: 5809: 5801: 5797: 5789:, p. 174; 5785: 5781: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5745: 5741: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5633:, p. 207; 5629: 5625: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5538: 5530: 5523: 5515:, p. 160; 5511: 5507: 5495: 5491: 5485:Wayback Machine 5475: 5471: 5456: 5452: 5444: 5440: 5428: 5424: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5380: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5323: 5319: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233:, p. 153; 5229: 5225: 5209: 5205: 5185: 5181: 5173: 5169: 5157: 5153: 5141: 5137: 5129: 5122: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5024:, p. 126; 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4932: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4904: 4900: 4892: 4888: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4848: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4752: 4748: 4736: 4732: 4724:, p. 151; 4720: 4713: 4701: 4697: 4685: 4681: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4637: 4633: 4621: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4585: 4581: 4569: 4565: 4553: 4549: 4529: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4381: 4377: 4361: 4357: 4349: 4345: 4329: 4325: 4313: 4309: 4297: 4293: 4281: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4101: 4097: 4085: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4025: 4021: 4005: 3998: 3986: 3982: 3966: 3962: 3950: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3906: 3902: 3890: 3886: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3775: 3763: 3759: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3684: 3680: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3630:, pp. 1–2. 3618: 3614: 3602: 3598: 3590:, p. 314; 3582: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3509:Charles Bronson 3505:Robbie Coltrane 3496:The Comic Strip 3465: 3441:. They live in 3426: 3383: 3374:hunter-gatherer 3313: 3310:on Livingstone. 3306: 3298: 3296:Political views 3279: 3203:Roger Moorhouse 3143: 3137: 3076: 3053: 3045:Osama bin Laden 2997: 2993: 2985: 2980: 2963:Andrew Gilligan 2923:London Councils 2761:. Although the 2646: 2442:to replace the 2362:Trevor Phillips 2358:London Assembly 2337: 2238: 2232: 2227: 2225:Mayor of London 2155:Whitbread Prize 2145:, stood in for 2117:Redmond O'Neill 2100: 2096: 2053:Peter Mandelson 1993:Ulster loyalist 1947:Harriet Crawley 1923: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1769:Willie Whitelaw 1692:(IRA) militant 1680:A supporter of 1678: 1671: 1612:Invited to the 1610: 1542: 1538: 1530: 1520:to counter the 1498: 1459:Court of Appeal 1429: 1339: 1335: 1310: 1292:Financial Times 1226:Randolph Avenue 1222:Andrew McIntosh 1213: 1208: 1202: 1167:In May 1979, a 1150:James Callaghan 1085: 1016: 965:council housing 947: 943: 931: 899: 895: 847: 818:experimentation 810:cancer research 784:Pope John XXIII 780:Philip Hobsbaum 764:council housing 734:English Channel 728: 724: 723: 673: 668: 438:Mayor of London 399: 398: 386: 382: 374: 371: 1982) 362: 358: 355: 339: 333: 317:Political party 308: 305: 299: 297: 296: 295: 267: 261: 259: 247: 242: 219: 207: 201: 196: 187: 170: 158: 150: 146: 134: 129: 110: 96: 88: 84: 70: 65: 59:Mayor of London 49: 33: 32:Ken Livingstone 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11312: 11302: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11104: 11103: 11101: 11100: 11099:(2016–present) 11094: 11088: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11070: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11047: 11039: 11038: 11036:GLC abolished 11033: 11022:Leader of the 11019: 11014: 11010: 11009: 11005: 11004: 10999: 10996: 10976: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10960: 10959: 10954: 10951: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10917:Leader of the 10914: 10909: 10905: 10904: 10898: 10897: 10880: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10855:, 10 July 2005 10846: 10840: 10835: 10828: 10827:External links 10825: 10823: 10822: 10810: 10795: 10780: 10774: 10761: 10755: 10738: 10719: 10706: 10701:978-0571280414 10700: 10687: 10662: 10656: 10643: 10637: 10622: 10617:978-1842752258 10616: 10600: 10589: 10576: 10570: 10557: 10552:978-0701139292 10551: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10529: 10503: 10501:, p. 358. 10491: 10479: 10477:, p. 413. 10467: 10455: 10453:, p. 432. 10443: 10426: 10424:, p. 337. 10411: 10380: 10378:, p. 144. 10364: 10352: 10340: 10322: 10310: 10284: 10280:McCartney 2014 10269: 10257: 10245: 10243:. pp. 185–187. 10233: 10221: 10194: 10182: 10170: 10158: 10131: 10129:, p. 244. 10119: 10092: 10080: 10065: 10053: 10038: 10010: 9991: 9969: 9943: 9925: 9899: 9873: 9847: 9836:. 1 March 2018 9821: 9795: 9763: 9737: 9726:. 5 April 2017 9711: 9689: 9656: 9630: 9619:. 4 April 2017 9604: 9582: 9556: 9542: 9522: 9508: 9494: 9476: 9450: 9430:(3 May 2016). 9418: 9395: 9369: 9343: 9317: 9291: 9265: 9229: 9203: 9175: 9157: 9128: 9099: 9077: 9051: 9034:Total Politics 9020: 8998: 8975: 8949: 8927: 8916:. 24 July 2015 8899: 8880: 8851: 8833: 8807: 8795: 8783: 8771: 8746: 8715: 8693: 8681: 8652: 8641:on 4 June 2016 8626: 8615:. 10 July 2010 8600: 8589:on 1 June 2016 8574: 8563:. Thisislondon 8552: 8526: 8510: 8494: 8461: 8429: 8395: 8364: 8338: 8326: 8314: 8299: 8283: 8267: 8265:, p. 412. 8252: 8250:, p. 100. 8240: 8238:, p. 315. 8220: 8218:, p. 314. 8214:, p. 67; 8204: 8202:, p. 426. 8192: 8162: 8159:on 7 May 2008. 8140: 8138:, p. 424. 8128: 8116: 8114:, p. 423. 8104: 8078: 8041: 8025: 8013: 8011:, p. 421. 8001: 7989: 7973: 7971:, p. 407. 7961: 7945: 7929: 7903: 7874: 7872:, p. 425. 7859: 7847: 7817: 7815:, p. 397. 7805: 7787: 7771: 7753: 7737: 7719: 7703: 7676: 7660: 7648: 7636: 7634:, p. 374. 7624: 7622:, p. 330. 7618:, p. 18; 7608: 7590: 7578: 7566: 7539: 7523: 7511: 7492: 7480: 7462: 7435: 7433:, p. 357. 7420: 7418:, p. 356. 7408: 7392: 7366: 7364:, p. 377. 7354: 7342: 7330: 7314: 7312:, p. 364. 7302: 7290: 7288:, p. 408. 7278: 7262: 7236: 7224: 7213:on 7 June 2011 7192: 7176: 7160: 7148: 7146:, p. 339. 7136: 7120: 7099: 7090:"Irish London" 7081: 7065: 7049: 7020: 6991: 6975: 6944: 6915: 6889: 6870: 6850: 6834: 6798: 6769: 6750: 6748:, p. 328. 6738: 6726: 6724:, p. 320. 6714: 6699: 6687: 6675: 6663: 6661:, p. 321. 6647: 6645:, p. 330. 6635: 6633:, p. 322. 6623: 6611: 6595: 6570: 6556: 6554:, p. 316. 6544: 6542:, p. 314. 6532: 6520: 6504: 6488: 6486:, p. 299. 6476: 6474:, p. 297. 6464: 6462:, p. 294. 6448: 6436: 6416: 6414:, p. 290. 6404: 6402:, p. 281. 6385: 6383:, p. 283. 6373: 6357: 6341: 6325: 6313: 6311:, p. 240. 6301: 6299:, p. 240. 6285: 6283:, p. 282. 6269: 6257: 6245: 6233: 6213: 6193: 6191:, p. 241. 6181: 6169: 6167:, p. 293. 6157: 6155:, p. 285. 6145: 6133: 6131:, p. 280. 6121: 6109: 6093: 6090:. 26 May 1994. 6073: 6058: 6042: 6027: 6009: 6007:, p. 244. 5997: 5981: 5969: 5967:, p. 253. 5953: 5951:, p. 246. 5937: 5925: 5913: 5911:, p. 277. 5901: 5889: 5887:, p. 243. 5873: 5871:, p. 240. 5857: 5845: 5833: 5807: 5795: 5793:, p. 202. 5779: 5763: 5761:, p. 197. 5751: 5749:, p. 171. 5739: 5723: 5711: 5699: 5687: 5685:, p. 102. 5675: 5673:, p. 109. 5663: 5651: 5639: 5637:, p. 151. 5623: 5611: 5609:, p. 151. 5599: 5587: 5585:, p. 155. 5575: 5573:, p. 113. 5563: 5561:, p. 156. 5551: 5549:, p. 417. 5536: 5534:, p. 161. 5521: 5519:, p. 169. 5505: 5489: 5469: 5467:, 10 June 2003 5450: 5448:, p. 161. 5438: 5436:, p. 159. 5432:, p. 98; 5422: 5402: 5390: 5374: 5372:, p. 158. 5362: 5360:, p. 139. 5350: 5317: 5301: 5275: 5263: 5251: 5249:, p. 126. 5239: 5223: 5213:, p. 86; 5203: 5197:, p. 99; 5179: 5177:, p. 156. 5167: 5165:, p. 155. 5151: 5149:, p. 154. 5135: 5120: 5108: 5106:, p. 148. 5093: 5078: 5076:, p. 154. 5066: 5054: 5052:, p. 124. 5042: 5030: 5014: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4954: 4942: 4926: 4914: 4912:, p. 101. 4898: 4896:, p. 199. 4886: 4870: 4858: 4842: 4840:, p. 110. 4830: 4824:, p. 98; 4820:, p. 88; 4810: 4798: 4786: 4780:, p. 86; 4770: 4768:, p. 154. 4758: 4746: 4740:, p. 86; 4730: 4728:, p. 100. 4711: 4695: 4689:, p. 19; 4679: 4663: 4651: 4631: 4629:, p. 137. 4625:, p. 15; 4615: 4605:, p. 10; 4595: 4589:, p. 14; 4579: 4563: 4547: 4523: 4517:, p. 67; 4507: 4487: 4475: 4455: 4443: 4423: 4411: 4401:, p. 63; 4391: 4375: 4369:, p. 70; 4365:, p. 59; 4355: 4343: 4333:, p. 54; 4323: 4317:, p. 42; 4307: 4301:, p. 38; 4291: 4285:, p. 42; 4275: 4265:, p. 45; 4255: 4243: 4223: 4211: 4199: 4193:, p. 42; 4183: 4177:, p. 21; 4173:, p. 42; 4163: 4151: 4141:, p. 41; 4131: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4079: 4073:, p. 13; 4069:, p. 40; 4059: 4047: 4035: 4029:, p. 41; 4019: 4013:, p. 11; 3996: 3990:, p. 39; 3980: 3974:, p. 11; 3970:, p. 38; 3960: 3954:, p. 38; 3944: 3938:, p. 14; 3934:, p. 39; 3924: 3914:, p. 13; 3910:, p. 38; 3900: 3894:, p. 37; 3884: 3874:, p. 36; 3864: 3852: 3840: 3834:, p. 14; 3830:, p. 37; 3820: 3808: 3788: 3773: 3767:, p. 32; 3757: 3741: 3729: 3709: 3678: 3654: 3632: 3626:, p. 17; 3622:, p. 27; 3612: 3596: 3576: 3547: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517:Love and Anger 3486:Spitting Image 3464: 3461: 3425: 3422: 3382: 3379: 3366:Fabian Society 3299: 3297: 3294: 3278: 3275: 3207:Andrew Roberts 3152:Any Questions? 3136: 3133: 3075: 3072: 3052: 3049: 3017:European Union 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2911:Nelson Mandela 2845:30 St Mary Axe 2798:Andrew Collins 2686:Peter Tatchell 2645: 2642: 2591:George W. Bush 2468:carbon dioxide 2417:Greater Boston 2399:(RMT) and the 2336: 2333: 2234:Main article: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2217:" by the band 2183:Rupert Murdoch 2089: 2077:single mothers 1922: 1919: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1791:government of 1694:Thomas McElwee 1659: 1609: 1603: 1563:National Front 1531: 1529: 1526: 1497: 1494: 1472:House of Lords 1428: 1425: 1391:John McDonnell 1369:Vladimir Lenin 1323: 1309: 1306: 1302:Eastern Europe 1212: 1209: 1204:Main article: 1201: 1198: 1130:age of consent 1104:West Hampstead 1084: 1081: 1015: 1012: 1008:David Stimpson 932: 930: 927: 923:Black Panthers 921:branch of the 888: 858:, cuts to the 846: 843: 812:laboratory in 807:Chester Beatty 672: 669: 667: 664: 521:United Ireland 487:at the GLC in 421: 420: 417: 416: 413: 409: 408: 405: 401: 400: 384: 380: 379: 378: 377: 360: 356: 353: 352: 351: 350: 347: 345: 341: 340: 338: 337: 327: 320: 318: 314: 313: 293: 291: 287: 286: 282: 281: 278: 277: 270: 264: 263: 256: 250: 249: 239: 238: 228: 227: 222: 216: 215: 210: 204: 203: 193: 192: 181: 180: 173: 167: 166: 161: 155: 154: 148:John McDonnell 141: 137: 136: 126: 125: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 99: 93: 92: 79: 73: 72: 62: 61: 55: 54: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11311: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11129:Living people 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11098: 11095: 11092: 11091:Boris Johnson 11089: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11063: 11061: 11056: 11054: 11049: 11048: 11045: 11037: 11034: 11030: 11029: 11025: 11017: 11011: 11006: 11002: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10981: 10974: 10968: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10956:Boris Johnson 10950: 10946: 10942: 10941: 10935: 10931: 10928: 10925: 10921: 10920: 10912: 10911:Horace Cutler 10906: 10901: 10895: 10889: 10885: 10881: 10878: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10854: 10850: 10847: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10792: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10777: 10771: 10767: 10762: 10758: 10752: 10747: 10746: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10730:The Telegraph 10726: 10720: 10716: 10715:The Spectator 10712: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10693: 10688: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10663: 10659: 10657:0-00-217770-6 10653: 10649: 10644: 10640: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10623: 10619: 10613: 10609: 10607: 10601: 10597: 10596: 10590: 10586: 10582: 10577: 10573: 10567: 10563: 10558: 10554: 10548: 10544: 10539: 10538: 10517: 10513: 10507: 10500: 10495: 10488: 10483: 10476: 10471: 10464: 10459: 10452: 10447: 10440: 10436: 10430: 10423: 10418: 10416: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10384: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10361: 10356: 10349: 10344: 10337: 10333: 10332: 10326: 10320:, p. 38. 10319: 10314: 10299: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10276: 10274: 10266: 10261: 10254: 10249: 10242: 10237: 10230: 10225: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10191: 10186: 10179: 10174: 10167: 10162: 10146: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10123: 10107: 10103: 10096: 10089: 10084: 10077: 10072: 10070: 10062: 10057: 10050: 10045: 10043: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10014: 10006: 10002: 9995: 9987: 9983: 9976: 9974: 9957: 9953: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9929: 9913: 9909: 9903: 9888: 9884: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9835: 9831: 9825: 9810: 9806: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9774: 9767: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9699: 9693: 9677: 9673: 9672:The Telegraph 9668: 9660: 9645: 9641: 9634: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9592: 9586: 9571: 9567: 9560: 9552: 9546: 9538: 9537: 9532: 9526: 9518: 9512: 9504: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9465: 9461: 9454: 9439: 9438: 9437:OpenDemocracy 9433: 9429: 9422: 9406: 9399: 9383: 9379: 9373: 9357: 9353: 9347: 9331: 9327: 9321: 9305: 9301: 9295: 9280: 9276: 9269: 9253: 9249: 9248:The Telegraph 9244: 9236: 9234: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9192: 9191: 9186: 9179: 9171: 9167: 9161: 9145: 9141: 9135: 9133: 9117: 9113: 9106: 9104: 9087: 9081: 9066: 9062: 9055: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9008: 9002: 8986: 8979: 8963: 8959: 8953: 8945: 8944:New Statesman 8941: 8937: 8931: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8884: 8869: 8868:New Statesman 8865: 8861: 8860:Eaton, George 8855: 8848:. 5 May 2012. 8847: 8843: 8837: 8822: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8799: 8792: 8787: 8780: 8775: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8719: 8703: 8697: 8690: 8685: 8669: 8664: 8656: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8588: 8584: 8578: 8562: 8556: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8519: 8514: 8507: 8503: 8498: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8449: 8445: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8402: 8400: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8352: 8348: 8342: 8335: 8330: 8323: 8318: 8310: 8303: 8296: 8292: 8287: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8264: 8259: 8257: 8249: 8244: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8201: 8196: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8144: 8137: 8132: 8125: 8120: 8113: 8108: 8101: 8100:Press release 8098: 8094: 8090: 8087: 8082: 8074: 8070: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8039:, p. 42. 8038: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8017: 8010: 8005: 7998: 7993: 7987:, p. 28. 7986: 7982: 7977: 7970: 7965: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7943:, p. 24. 7942: 7938: 7933: 7917: 7913: 7907: 7892: 7888: 7881: 7879: 7871: 7866: 7864: 7856: 7851: 7836:on 7 May 2008 7835: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7791: 7784: 7780: 7775: 7767: 7763: 7757: 7750: 7746: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7717:, p. 40. 7716: 7712: 7707: 7691: 7687: 7680: 7674:, p. 40. 7673: 7669: 7664: 7657: 7652: 7645: 7640: 7633: 7628: 7621: 7617: 7612: 7604: 7600: 7594: 7587: 7582: 7575: 7570: 7554: 7550: 7543: 7537:, p. 41. 7536: 7532: 7527: 7520: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7496: 7489: 7484: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7450: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7427: 7425: 7417: 7412: 7405: 7401: 7396: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7363: 7358: 7352:, p. 17. 7351: 7346: 7340:, p. 16. 7339: 7334: 7328:, p. 29. 7327: 7323: 7318: 7311: 7306: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7209: 7202: 7196: 7190:, p. 24. 7189: 7185: 7180: 7173: 7169: 7164: 7157: 7152: 7145: 7140: 7134:, p. 18. 7133: 7129: 7124: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7085: 7079:, p. 27. 7078: 7074: 7069: 7063:, p. 27. 7062: 7058: 7053: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7025: 7017: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6989:, p. 26. 6988: 6984: 6979: 6972: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6948: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6920: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6886: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6848:, p. 26. 6847: 6843: 6838: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6755: 6747: 6742: 6735: 6730: 6723: 6718: 6711: 6706: 6704: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6632: 6627: 6620: 6615: 6609:, p. 13. 6608: 6604: 6599: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6566: 6560: 6553: 6548: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6524: 6518:, p. 12. 6517: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6461: 6457: 6452: 6445: 6440: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6382: 6377: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6322: 6317: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6242: 6237: 6231:, p. 38. 6230: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6211:, p. 38. 6210: 6206: 6202: 6197: 6190: 6185: 6178: 6173: 6166: 6161: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6119:, p. 79. 6118: 6113: 6106: 6102: 6097: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6028:9780857718501 6024: 6020: 6013: 6006: 6001: 5994: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5973: 5966: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5799: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5776: 5772: 5767: 5760: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5720: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5648: 5643: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5615: 5608: 5603: 5596: 5591: 5584: 5579: 5572: 5567: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5533: 5528: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5509: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5447: 5442: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5420:, p. 86. 5419: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5399: 5394: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5371: 5366: 5359: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5333:The Telegraph 5329: 5321: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5267: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5237:, p. 86. 5236: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5201:, p. 78. 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5176: 5171: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5133:, p. 90. 5132: 5127: 5125: 5117: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5075: 5070: 5063: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5011: 5006: 5000:, p. 80. 4999: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4890: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4828:, p. 80. 4827: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4767: 4762: 4755: 4750: 4744:, p. 92. 4743: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4677:, p. 95. 4676: 4672: 4667: 4661:, p. 20. 4660: 4655: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4613:, p. 84. 4612: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4545:, p. 32. 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4521:, p. 64. 4520: 4516: 4511: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4473:, p. 60. 4472: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4421:, p. 63. 4420: 4415: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4389:, p. 50. 4388: 4384: 4379: 4373:, p. 48. 4372: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4353:, p. 57. 4352: 4347: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4327: 4321:, p. 56. 4320: 4316: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4289:, p. 39. 4288: 4284: 4279: 4273:, p. 39. 4272: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4215: 4208: 4203: 4197:, p. 23. 4196: 4192: 4187: 4181:, p. 21. 4180: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4161:, p. 44. 4160: 4155: 4149:, p. 20. 4148: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4129:, p. 22. 4128: 4123: 4117:, p. 18. 4116: 4111: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4077:, p. 15. 4076: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4057:, p. 11. 4056: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4033:, p. 14. 4032: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4003: 4001: 3994:, p. 14. 3993: 3989: 3984: 3978:, p. 33. 3977: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3958:, p. 14. 3957: 3953: 3948: 3942:, p. 11. 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3922:, p. 33. 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3882:, p. 33. 3881: 3878:, p. 7; 3877: 3873: 3868: 3862:, p. 37. 3861: 3856: 3850:, p. 35. 3849: 3844: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3806:, p. 33. 3805: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3771:, p. 11. 3770: 3766: 3761: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3739:, p. 28. 3738: 3733: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3675: 3672:, p. 2; 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3642: 3636: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3552: 3544: 3543:BBC News 2009 3539: 3537: 3532: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3491:Harry Enfield 3488: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3467:Described in 3459: 3454: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3417:The Godfather 3413: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3389:The Spectator 3381:Personal life 3378: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3286: 3284: 3274: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177:Lenni Brenner 3173: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3154: 3153: 3147: 3142: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3096:Jeremy Corbyn 3093: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033:David Cameron 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2990: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2947:Boris Johnson 2944: 2936: 2935:Boris Johnson 2931: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821:Robert Tuttle 2818: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662:War on Terror 2655: 2650: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2332: 2330: 2329:Steven Norris 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2254: 2251:and mayor in 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2203:and then the 2202: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179:Edwina Currie 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:Red Leicester 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2133:HarperCollins 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001:John Prescott 1998: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980:operative in 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1966:maiden speech 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1916: 1915:Mount Everest 1912: 1911:Festival Hall 1907: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1887: 1886:Norman Tebbit 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804:Falklands War 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1781:Jeremy Corbyn 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1734:Michael Stone 1731: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1655:Labour Herald 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1638:Labour Herald 1634: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1608: 1607:Labour Herald 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1322: 1320: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254:Daily Express 1250: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1078: 1077:Horace Cutler 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1032:Liberal Party 1029: 1025: 1021: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 946: 940: 938: 926: 924: 920: 914: 912: 908: 904: 898: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 842: 840: 836: 832: 827: 826:Harold Wilson 823: 819: 815: 811: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 762: 757: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 721: 717: 712: 710: 709:ship's master 706: 705:Merchant Navy 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 643:Charles Moore 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 624:Jeremy Corbyn 621: 620:Boris Johnson 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 513:republicanism 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 376: 375: 349: 348: 346: 342: 331: 328: 325: 322: 321: 319: 315: 311: 306:(age 79) 292: 288: 283: 279: 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Retrieved 3564:The Guardian 3563: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3469:The Guardian 3468: 3466: 3456: 3447: 3443:North London 3427: 3415: 3409: 3398: 3394:The Guardian 3393: 3387: 3384: 3362:anthropology 3357: 3354:Neil Kinnock 3351: 3347:Ariel Sharon 3324: 3319:The Guardian 3317: 3314: 3305: 3301: 3287: 3280: 3263: 3255: 3251:Iain McNicol 3239: 3235:Israel lobby 3215: 3191:Nazi Germany 3180: 3174: 3158: 3150: 3128:Jimmy Savile 3116: 3085: 3065: 3054: 3020: 3010: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2970: 2958: 2956: 2940: 2900: 2880: 2868: 2814: 2802: 2780: 2776: 2768:The Guardian 2766: 2762: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2714:Islamophobic 2702: 2694:war criminal 2692:of being a " 2690:Ariel Sharon 2659: 2638:Simon Hughes 2626:Saudi Arabia 2616:The Guardian 2614: 2610:Nicky Gavron 2606: 2587:Stop the War 2575: 2566:Tessa Jowell 2555: 2530: 2506: 2503:Tufnell Park 2499: 2472: 2464: 2448: 2444:Routemasters 2386: 2382:Elizabeth II 2338: 2325:The election 2305:Damien Hirst 2289: 2280:Frank Dobson 2268:Sally Morgan 2264: 2257: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2186: 2175:British Coal 2162: 2149:disk-jockey 2140: 2136: 2129: 2112: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2081:Gordon Brown 2061:spin doctors 2032:Bernie Grant 2017: 1974:Fred Holroyd 1963: 1959:Harry Barnes 1932: 1908: 1895: 1872: 1868:Neil Kinnock 1861: 1855: 1851: 1832: 1801: 1793:Fidel Castro 1777:West Belfast 1750: 1720: 1706: 1679: 1672: 1670: 1663: 1661: 1654: 1637: 1635: 1611: 1606: 1595:Bernie Grant 1567: 1558:Paul Boateng 1543: 1537: 1533: 1522:Soviet Union 1507: 1503:school meals 1499: 1481: 1463:Lord Denning 1451: 1430: 1395:Valerie Wise 1388: 1378: 1362: 1353: 1347: 1344:Max Hastings 1340: 1334: 1328:Fleet Street 1325: 1318: 1311: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1276: 1260: 1252: 1246: 1217: 1214: 1194:Michael Foot 1184: 1166: 1145: 1138: 1119: 1108:north London 1097: 1073:carpetbagger 1046: 1035: 1017: 988:Chris Knight 977: 952:Edward Heath 948: 942: 937:Mrs Thatcher 934: 915: 900: 894: 890: 851:Labour Party 848: 804: 776:West Norwood 759:Moving to a 758: 713: 681:South London 674: 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